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Burke A, Davoren MP, Arensman E, Harrington JM. Psychoeducational interventions for people living with chronic communicable disease: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077007. [PMID: 38521523 PMCID: PMC10961541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychoeducation is increasingly recognised for its value in facilitating adaption to a chronic disease diagnosis. This study aimed to synthesise available literature on the psychoeducation interventions available to adults living with chronic communicable disease. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SocINDEX, PsycINFO and PsycArticles were systematically searched up to May 2023. Peer-reviewed studies, published in English, investigating the impact of psychoeducational interventions on adults living with chronic communicable disease were included, across a range of outcome measures. Narrative synthesis was performed. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool were used to assess risk of bias. RESULTS In total, 22 studies were included in the review. The majority (n=16) of study populations focused on people living with HIV, followed by hepatitis C (n=5) and genital herpes (n=1). Interventions were delivered online (n=2), via telephone (n=1) and in-person (n=19). The majority of interventions were delivered in group sessions (n=16) and studies emphasised the value of group cohesion for social support, encouraging participants to share their own knowledge in addition to standard didactic presentations. Four studies facilitated peer-led delivery of the psychoeducation. Studies aiming to improve psychological well-being were beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms and/or emotional distress or showed improvement in the participant group overall. There was some evidence to suggest psychoeducation can improve readiness to attend treatment and medication adherence. CONCLUSION The findings of this review highlight potential benefits of psychoeducation but indicate more robust clinical trials will be required to examine their effectiveness and elucidate the mechanisms by which they best operate. Future interventions incorporating a broader focus on resilience enhancement and coping skills specific to stigmatisation could more comprehensively serve the needs of adults living with chronic communicable disease, particularly with HIV. The role of peer support in group psychoeducation merits further exploration. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021243058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Burke
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
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Saab MM, Shetty VN, McCarthy M, Davoren MP, Flynn A, Kirby A, Robertson S, Shorter GW, Murphy D, Rovito MJ, Shiely F, Hegarty J. Promoting 'testicular awareness': Co-design of an inclusive campaign using the World Café Methodology. Health Expect 2023; 27:e13898. [PMID: 37877701 PMCID: PMC10726274 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15-44 years in many countries. Most men with testicular cancer present with a lump. Testicular symptoms are more likely to occur secondary to benign diseases like epididymo-orchitis, a common sexually transmitted infection. Gender and sexual minorities are at an increased risk of testicular diseases and health disparities. The aim of this study was to co-design an inclusive community-based campaign to promote testicular awareness. METHODS This study uses the World Café methodology. Participation was sought from Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ friendly organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers. Participants engaged in three rounds of conversations to co-design the campaign. Data were collected using drawing sheets, artefact cards, sticky notes, coloured markers and a voice recorder. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Seventeen individuals participated in the study. Six themes emerged from the analysis as follows: (i) online communication; (ii) offline communication; (iii) behavioural targeting and education; (iv) campaign frequency and reach; (v) demographic segmentation; and (vi) campaign identity. The use of social media for campaign delivery featured strongly in all conversations. Participants also recommended offline communication using posters and radio/television advertisements to scale up the campaign and achieve wider reach. Advertisements to overcome embarrassment surrounding testicular health were particularly recommended. Participants emphasised that campaign delivery must be dynamic whilst ensuring that the health-promoting messages are not diluted or lost. They stressed the importance of being inclusive and tailoring the campaign to different age groups, gender identities and sexual orientations. CONCLUSIONS Study recommendations will be used to design and deliver the campaign. Future research will be needed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, cost and effect of the campaign on promoting testicular awareness and early detection of testicular diseases. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A participatory research approach was used to co-design the campaign with members of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ (LGBTQ+) friendly organisations, LGBTQ+ student bodies, LGBTQ+ staff networks, LGBTQ+ sports clubs, men's health organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Varsha N. Shetty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Megan McCarthy
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- Sexual Health CentreCorkIreland
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Angela Flynn
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ann Kirby
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business SchoolUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Steve Robertson
- School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science & Information TechnologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Frances Shiely
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- HRB Clinical Research FacilityUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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Saab MM, Davoren MP, Murphy A, Murphy D, Cooke E, Landers M, Fitzgerald S, Richardson N, Rovito MJ, Von Wagner C, Murphy M, Dahly D, Hegarty J. Promoting men's awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions. HRB Open Res 2023; 1:16. [PMID: 32002508 PMCID: PMC6973532 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12837.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men aged 15-40 years. The incidence of TC is on the rise. Benign testicular disorders, such as testicular torsion and epididymitis, can lead to testicular ischemia, sepsis, and infertility if left untreated. This updated systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of studies promoting men's knowledge and awareness of testicular disorders and/or self-examination, behaviours and/or intentions to examine their testes, and help-seeking behaviours and/or intentions for testicular disorder symptoms. Methods: Academic Search Complete, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for studies published between April 2018 and August 2023. Methodological quality was assessed and results were synthesised meta-narratively. Results: Five studies were included. The majority of the reviewed interventions were successful in increasing men's awareness of TC and self-examination, including a PowerPoint presentation, an online educational brochure, video-assisted teaching, a motivational video, and a virtual reality game. Only one study addressed help-seeking for testicular symptoms and promoted men's awareness of benign as well as malignant testicular diseases. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of evaluating innovative educational interventions aimed at younger men, whilst raising their awareness of testicular disorders and increasing their help-seeking intentions for testicular disorder symptoms. Given the lack of consensus around scheduled testicular self-examination among younger men, clinicians are encouraged to instruct men to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of their own testes and to seek timely medical attention for abnormalities. Registration: The protocol of the previous version of this review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42018093671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board National Clinical Trials Office, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret Landers
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- Department of Science and Health, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Field DJ, de Wit J, Davoren MP, O'Reilly EJ, Den Daas C. Chemsex, Anxiety and Depression Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who have Sex with Men Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3206-3212. [PMID: 36964835 PMCID: PMC10517029 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemsex is common among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). Although not always categorised as problematic, a link with psychological distress has been reported and might be exacerbated amongst gbMSM living with HIV, as HIV has been associated with anxiety and depression. A cross-sectional online survey of gbMSM living with HIV (n = 359) was performed incorporating the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and sociodemographic variables including, HIV characteristics, chemsex and sexual behaviours. Logistic regression analysis was used to find associations with anxiety or depression. Many participants engaged in chemsex (48.5%, n = 174). Chemsex was associated with lower odds of depression (aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.85) and not associated with anxiety (aOR 0.66, CI 0.40-1.09). Although chemsex is a public health concern; we found it was associated with lower levels of depression in gbMSM living with HIV. However, causal inference is not possible, as gbMSM with higher levels of depression might engage in chemsex less.
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Affiliation(s)
- David James Field
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
- Gay Men's Health Service, Health Service Executive, Heytesbury Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - John de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin P Davoren
- The Sexual Health Centre, Cork City, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Chantal Den Daas
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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Daly FP, O'Donnell K, Davoren MP, Noone C, Weatherburn P, Quinlan M, Foley B, Lyons F, Igoe D, Barrett P. Recreational and sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Ireland-Findings from the European MSM internet survey (EMIS) 2017. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288171. [PMID: 37506129 PMCID: PMC10381075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) report a higher prevalence of drug use in comparison to the general male population. However, in Ireland, there is a paucity of literature regarding the prevalence of drug use and its determinants among gbMSM. AIMS/OBJECTIVES To quantify the prevalence of (i) recreational drug use (RDU) and (ii) sexualised drug use (SDU) among gbMSM in Ireland, and to identify the factors associated with these drug use practices. METHODS The European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) 2017 was an online, anonymous, internationally-promoted questionnaire. Two binary outcomes were included in our analyses: (1) RDU and (2) SDU in the previous year. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression explored factors associated with these outcomes, and all independent covariates were adjusted for one another. RESULTS Among gbMSM without HIV (n = 1,898), 40.9% and 13.1% engaged in RDU and SDU in the previous year, respectively. Among diagnosed-positive gbMSM (n = 141), the past-year respective prevalence estimates were 51.8% and 26.2%. Increased odds of RDU were observed among gbMSM who were younger (vs. 40+ years) (18-24 years; AOR 2.96, 95% CI 2.05-4.28, 25-39 years; AOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.27-2.16), lived in Dublin (vs. elsewhere) (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.17-1.83), and engaged in condomless anal intercourse (CAI) in the previous year (vs. none) (1-2 partners; AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34-2.38, 6+ partners; AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.18-2.71). Greater odds of SDU were identified among those who lived in Dublin (vs. elsewhere) (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.07-2.10), and engaged in CAI (vs. none) (1-2 partners; AOR 3.16, 95% CI 2.05-4.88, 3-5 partners; AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.47-4.26, and 6+ partners; AOR 3.79, 95% CI 2.23-6.43). CONCLUSION GbMSM report a high prevalence of drug use in Ireland. Targeted interventions, including harm reduction campaigns, may be needed to support healthier drug use choices among this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionn P Daly
- School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kate O'Donnell
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Weatherburn
- Sigma Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Fiona Lyons
- St. James's Hospital, James St, Saint James' (part of Phoenix Park), Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derval Igoe
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Public Health HSE-South, St. Finbarr's Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Daly FP, O'Donnell K, Davoren MP, Noone C, Weatherburn P, Quinlan M, Foley B, Igoe D, Barrett PM. Potential alcohol use disorder (AUD) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ireland. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alcohol consumption is a major public health concern in Ireland. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) appears to disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little is known about the prevalence of AUD in this group in Ireland specifically, and the characteristics of MSM who may struggle with this.
Methods
The European MSM Internet Survey 2017 was an online, self-completed, anonymous questionnaire among MSM residing in Ireland. Standardised questions were used to explore a variety of topics. The validated CAGE-4 questionnaire was used to screen for potential AUD, defined as a CAGE-4 score of ≥ 2 out of 4. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with potential AUD.
Results
In total, 1,793 MSM met inclusion criteria, and 31% screened positive for AUD. We observed higher odds of possible AUD among MSM who were bisexual (vs. gay/homosexual) (aOR 1.48 95%CI 1.01-2.18), native to Ireland (vs. non-native) (aOR 1.49 95%CI 1.12-1.96), unemployed (vs. employed) (aOR 1.80 95%CI 1.02-3.16), had used illicit drugs in the previous year (vs. none) (cannabis only, aOR 1.74 95%CI 1.14-2.63) (other illicit drugs, aOR 2.28 95%CI 1.67-3.09), reported anxiety/depression (vs. none) (aOR 1.73 95%CI 1.12-2.66), and MSM who experienced homophobic abuse (vs. never) (aOR 1.55 95%CI 1.09-2.22). Student MSM were less likely to screen positive for AUD (vs. employed) (aOR 0.65 95%CI 0.46-0.93).
Conclusions
The prevalence of AUD appears to be higher in the MSM population compared to the general male population in Ireland. Targeted interventions may be warranted to reduce the burden of AUD among MSM.
Key messages
The prevalence of AUD appears to be higher in the MSM population compared to the general male population in Ireland. Targeted interventions may be warranted to reduce the burden of AUD among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- FP Daly
- School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K O'Donnell
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - MP Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - M Quinlan
- Gay Health Network, Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Foley
- Gay Health Network, Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Igoe
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - PM Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Public Health HSE-South, St. Finbarr’s Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To critically appraise and synthesise the evidence in relation to both the receipt and delivery of LGBTI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex) inclusive sexual health education. DESIGN A systematic review and narrative synthesis. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of three online databases (EMBASE, PsychINFO and SocINDEX) from January 1990 to May 2021 was conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies included were (1) peer-reviewed; (2) English; (3) quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods; that evaluated (4) inclusive sexual health in an educational or online setting and (5) focused on training or educating. Studies were excluded if (1) the population was not LGBTI+ inclusive; (2) the studies did not focus on original data or (3) the study was not available in full text. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. A narrative synthesis was then completed employing content analysis focusing on the results section of each article. RESULTS Of the 5656 records retrieved, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies noted that both LGBTI+ youth and those who facilitate sexual health education are turning to online sources of information. Current sexual health education programmes operate mainly from a heterosexual perspective, creating a sense of exclusion for LGBTI+ youth. This is compounded by a lack of training, or provision of an inclusive curricula, resulting in facilitators feeling ill equipped or inhibited by their personal biases. CONCLUSIONS LGBTI+ youth are not experiencing inclusive and comprehensive sexual health education. In parallel, educators report poor access to information, training and resources remain the primary reasons. There is a need to standardise sexual health curricula, making them LGBTI+ inclusive and incorporate holistic aspects of health such as pleasure and healthy relationships. Online approaches should be considered in the future, as they represent equality of access for both sexual health education professionals and LGBTI+ youth alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muire O'Farrell
- Health Promotion, Alliance Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Phil Corcoran
- Health Promotion, Alliance Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- Health Promotion, Alliance Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Daly FP, O'Donnell K, Davoren MP, Noone C, Weatherburn P, Quinlan M, Foley B, Igoe D, Barrett PM. Potential alcohol use disorder among MSM in Ireland - Findings from the European MSM internet survey (EMIS 2017). Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 223:108698. [PMID: 33878574 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a major public health concern in Ireland. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little is known about the prevalence of AUD in this group in Ireland specifically, and the characteristics of MSM who may struggle with this. METHODS The European MSM Internet Survey 2017 was an online, self-completed, anonymous questionnaire among MSM in Ireland. Standardised questions were used to explore a variety of topics. The validated CAGE-4 questionnaire was used to screen for potential AUD, defined as a CAGE-4 score of ≥2 out of 4. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with potential AUD. RESULTS In total, 1793 MSM met inclusion criteria. 31 % screened positive for AUD. We observed higher odds of possible AUD among MSM who were bisexual (vs. gay/homosexual) (aOR 1.48 95 %CI 1.01-2.18), native to Ireland (vs. non-native) (aOR 1.49 95 %CI 1.12-1.96), unemployed (vs. employed) (aOR 1.80 95 %CI 1.02-3.16), had used illicit drugs in the previous year (vs. none) (cannabis only, aOR 1.74 95 %CI 1.14-2.63) (other illicit drugs, aOR 2.28 95 %CI 1.67-3.09), reported anxiety/depression (vs. none) (aOR 1.73 95 %CI 1.12-2.66), and MSM who experienced homophobic abuse (vs. never) (aOR 1.55 95 %CI 1.09-2.22). Student MSM were less likely to screen positive for AUD (vs. employed) (aOR 0.65 95 %CI 0.46-0.93). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of AUD appears to be higher in the MSM population compared to the general male population in Ireland. Targeted interventions may be warranted to reduce the burden of AUD among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionn P Daly
- School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12V821, Ireland; School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - Kate O'Donnell
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, D01A4A3, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland; Sexual Health Centre, Cork, T12DX73, Ireland
| | - Chris Noone
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Peter Weatherburn
- Sigma Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bill Foley
- Gay Health Network, Dublin, D01R290, Ireland
| | - Derval Igoe
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, D01A4A3, Ireland
| | - Peter M Barrett
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland; Department of Public Health HSE-South, St. Finbarr's Hospital, Cork, T12XH60, Ireland.
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Vasiliou VS, Dockray S, Dick S, Davoren MP, Heavin C, Linehan C, Byrne M. Reducing drug-use harms among higher education students: MyUSE contextual-behaviour change digital intervention development using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:56. [PMID: 34011370 PMCID: PMC8136195 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital harm-reduction interventions typically focus on people with severe drug-use problems, yet these interventions have moderate effectiveness on drug-users with lower levels of risk of harm. The difference in effectiveness may be explained by differences in behavioural patterns between the two groupings. Harnessing behavioural theories to understand what is at the core of drug-use behaviours and mapping the content of new interventions, may improve upon the effectiveness of interventions for lower-risk drug-users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically apply the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) approach to understand the components, influencing capabilities, opportunities, and motivations (COM-B) of higher education students to change their drug-use behaviors. It is also the first study which identifies specific patterns of behaviours that are more responsive to harm reduction practices through the use of the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). METHODS We employed an explanatory sequential mix-method design. We first conducted an on-line survey and a Delphi exercise to understand the factors influencing COM-B components of higher education students to change their drug-use. Subsequently, we mapped all evidence onto the COM-B components and the TDF domains to identify clusters of behaviours to target for change, using a pattern-based discourse analysis. Finally, a series of multidisciplinary group meetings identified the intervention functions-the means by which the intervention change targeted behaviours and the Behavioural Change Techniques (BCTs) involved using the behaviour change technique taxonomy (v.1). RESULTS Twenty-nine BCTs relevant to harm-reduction practices were identified and mapped across five intervention functions (education, modelling, persuasion, incentivization, and training) and five policy categories (communication/marketing, guidelines, regulation, service provision, and environmental/social planning). These BCTs were distributed across eight identified saturated clusters of behaviours MyUSE intervention attempts to change. CONCLUSIONS The BCTs, identified, will inform the development of a digitally delivered behaviour change intervention that focuses on increasing mindful decision-making with respect to drug-use and promotes alternatives to drug-use activities. The findings can also inform implementation scientists in applying context-specific harm-reduction practices in higher education. We present examples of how the eight identified clusters of target behaviours are mapped across the COM-B components and the TDF, along with suggestions of implementation practices for harm reduction at student population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis S. Vasiliou
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, N Mall, Kilbarry Enterprise Centre, Cork Enterprise Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samantha Dockray
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, N Mall, Kilbarry Enterprise Centre, Cork Enterprise Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samantha Dick
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Fourth Floor, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Fourth Floor, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Sexual Health Centre, 16 Peter’s Street, Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ciara Heavin
- Cork University Business School, University College Cork, West Wing, Main Quadrangle, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Linehan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, N Mall, Kilbarry Enterprise Centre, Cork Enterprise Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Byrne
- Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick College Road, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Calnan S, Davoren MP. College students’ perspectives on an alcohol prevention programme and student drinking – A focus group study. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2021; 39:301-321. [PMID: 35720519 PMCID: PMC9152229 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211007078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: While there is considerable research on the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms among college students, there is limited research on students’ own perspectives on such interventions. This qualitative study aimed to address this gap by examining college students’ perspectives in the context of an alcohol prevention programme for college students in Ireland. Methods: Focus groups were used as the means of data collection, and participants were selected using purposive sampling based on two criteria – type/location of college and category of student. A total of eight focus groups were conducted at two institutions taking part in the programme. Participants comprised four categories of student: undergraduates, mature students, international students and students who were members of clubs or societies. Results were analysed through the lens of a social-ecological framework. Results: The study findings indicated that students perceived alcohol as being endemic to college life and wider society. As a result, many of the students were sceptical or ambivalent regarding the potential efficacy of alcohol prevention programmes. Despite the perceived pervasiveness of alcohol, the study pointed to heterogeneity in drinking practices among the participants. Moreover, the study participants expressed divergent views when asked whose responsibility it was to control student alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Viewing the findings through a social-ecological lens, students seemed to collectively acknowledge the different layers of influence on student drinking, acknowledging the complex nature of this issue. Providing a greater variety of leisure spaces, including alcohol-free environments, was viewed particularly favourably by the student participants in terms of solutions proposed.
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Jones MM, Barry F, Davoren MP. The perspectives of asylum seekers when accessing sexual health services in Cork and Kerry. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The World Health Organisation (WHO) states that; “Sexual health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality. It requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.” Asylum seekers are among many vulnerable groups that may face inequalities in terms of sexual health and how sexual health services are accessed. The aim of the present study is to gain an understanding of the experiences of asylum seekers when accessing sexual health services in Cork and Kerry, including the perceived barriers to and factors that facilitate access.
Methods
This is a qualitative study in which data was collected from 14 semi-structured interviews conducted with asylum seekers between May and June 2019. Participants were over the age of 18 and living in direct provision in Cork or Kerry. The present study uses a content analysis to explore the perspectives of asylum seekers when accessing sexual health services in Cork and Kerry.
Results
Participants demonstrated varying levels of understanding around the topic of sexual health and sexual health services. Several barriers and facilitators were identified which can be grouped into socioeconomic, political/legal, systemic, and social/cultural/religious barriers and facilitators.
Conclusions
The findings from this study highlighted several areas for improvement in the provision of information and services in relation to sexual health for asylum seekers living in direct provision and revealed the importance of addressing these issues in order to fulfil the purpose of public health by promoting health, preventing disease and prolonging life for all aspects of society.
Key messages
This study has identified the barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual health services in the context of the direct provision system in the Republic of Ireland. The results of the study reveal the varying ideas and understanding of the topic of sexual health and how this can influence help-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jones
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Barry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M P Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
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Dick S, Vasiliou VS, Davoren MP, Dockray S, Heavin C, Linehan C, Byrne M. A Digital Substance-Use Harm Reduction Intervention for Students in Higher Education (MyUSE): Protocol for Project Development. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17829. [PMID: 32851980 PMCID: PMC7484779 DOI: 10.2196/17829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions have been identified as a possible tool for reducing the harm caused by illicit drug use among students attending higher education (ie, college students). However, the success of interventions in this area has been hampered by a lack of user involvement and behavior change theory in their design. The My Understanding of Substance use Experiences (MyUSE) project combines a rigorous user-centered design (UCD) methodology and a robust behavioral change framework to develop a digitally delivered harm reduction intervention for illicit drug use among students in higher education. OBJECTIVE This project aims to design and develop a digital intervention that targets drug use-related harm among students in higher education. METHODS The MyUSE project will take place over 3 phases. The first phase was exploratory in nature, involving 3 systematic reviews, a large survey, and student workshops to gather a comprehensive evidence base to guide the project. The second phase is the development stage of the project, involving the use of the Behavior Change Wheel theoretical framework to determine the behavior change techniques of the intervention and the use of the UCD methodology to guide the development of the digital intervention. The third phase is the evaluation stage, whereby the intervention will undergo a 5-stage evaluation process to comprehensively evaluate its impacts. RESULTS The exploratory phase 1 of the MyUSE project was completed in December 2018. Phase 2 is currently underway, and phase 3 is due to begin in September 2020. CONCLUSIONS Higher education institutions (HEIs) are ideally placed to intervene and support students in the area of illicit drug use but are constrained by limited resources. Current digital interventions in this area are sparse and have several weaknesses. The MyUSE project combines a UCD approach with a robust behavior change framework to develop a digitally delivered intervention that is economically viable, effective in changing behavior, usable and acceptable to students, and able to sustain long-term implementation in HEIs. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Dick
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Martin P Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samantha Dockray
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ciara Heavin
- Health Information Systems Research Centre, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Linehan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Byrne
- Student Health Department, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Dick S, Whelan E, Davoren MP, Dockray S, Heavin C, Linehan C, Byrne M. A systematic review of the effectiveness of digital interventions for illicit substance misuse harm reduction in third-level students. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1244. [PMID: 31500618 PMCID: PMC6734361 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Illicit substance misuse is a growing public health problem, with misuse peaking among 18–25 year-olds, and attendance at third-level education identified as a risk factor. Illicit substance misuse has the potential to harm mental and physical health, social relationships, and impact on academic achievements and future career prospects. Digital interventions have been identified as a vehicle for reaching large student populations and circumventing the limited capacity of student health services for delivering face-to-face interventions. Digital interventions have been developed in the area of alcohol and tobacco harm reduction, reporting some effectiveness, but the evidence for the effectiveness of digital interventions targeting illicit substance misuse is lacking. This review aims to systematically identify and critically appraise studies examining the effectiveness of digital interventions for illicit substance misuse harm reduction in third-level students. Methods We systematically searched ten databases in April 2018 using keywords and database specific terms under the pillars of “mHealth,” “substance misuse,” and “student.” To be eligible for inclusion, papers had to present a measure of illicit substance misuse harm reduction. Included articles were critically appraised and included in the qualitative synthesis regardless of quality. Results A total of eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies reported harm reduction in terms of substance misuse or initiation, as consequences or problems associated with substance misuse, or as correction of perceived social norms. Overall, five out of the eight studies reported at least one positive outcome for harm reduction. The critical appraisal indicated that the study quality was generally weak, predominantly due to a lack of blinding of study participants, and the use of self-reported substance misuse measures. However, results suggest that digital interventions may produce a modest reduction in harm from illicit substance misuse. Conclusions The results of this review are positive, and support the need for further high-quality research in this area, particularly given the success of digital interventions for alcohol and tobacco harm reduction. However, very few studies focused solely on illicit substances, and those that did targeted only marijuana. This suggests the need for further research on the effectiveness of this type of intervention for other illicit substances. Trial registration This review is registered on PROSPERO, ID number: CRD42018097203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Dick
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Eadaoin Whelan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samantha Dockray
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ciara Heavin
- Health Information Systems Research Centre, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Linehan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Byrne
- Student Health Department, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Saab MM, Davoren MP, Murphy A, Murphy D, Cooke E, Landers M, Fitzgerald S, Richardson N, Rovito MJ, Von Wagner C, Murphy M, Dahly D, Hegarty J. Promoting men's awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions. HRB Open Res 2018; 1:16. [PMID: 32002508 PMCID: PMC6973532 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12837.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is commonly diagnosed among men aged 15-40 years. The incidence of TC is on the rise. Benign testicular disorders such as testicular torsion and epididymitis can lead to testicular ischemia, sepsis, and infertility if left untreated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of studies promoting men's knowledge and awareness of testicular disorders and/or self-examination, behaviours and/or intentions to examine their testes, and help-seeking behaviours and/or intentions for testicular symptoms. Methods: Academic Search Complete, Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey were searched for studies published between November 2014 and April 2018. The methodological quality and level of evidence per outcome were assessed. Results: There were five papers included: two were experimental studies, two were systematic reviews, and one was an integrative review. The majority of the reviewed interventions were successful in increasing men's awareness of TC and self-examination. Examples include a television show featuring a celebrity with TC, a university campaign, and interactive educational sessions. The impact of the reviewed interventions on health beliefs (i.e. perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) varied across the reviewed literature. Studies promoting help-seeking for testicular symptoms and awareness of benign testicular disorders were lacking. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of evaluating educational interventions aimed at younger men, whilst raising their awareness of testicular disorders and increasing their help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms. Given the lack of consensus around scheduled testicular self-examination among younger men, clinicians are encouraged to instruct men to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of their own testes and to seek timely medical attention for abnormalities. Registration: The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42018093671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board National Clinical Trials Office, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret Landers
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- Department of Science and Health, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Davoren MP, Calnan S, Mulcahy J, Lynch E, Perry IJ, Byrne M. Responding to excessive alcohol consumption in third-level (REACT): a study protocol. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:364. [PMID: 29751803 PMCID: PMC5948702 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem alcohol use is an ongoing, worldwide phenomenon of considerable concern. Throughout the past 20 years, national policies have noted the importance of students when tackling alcohol consumption. Considering alcohol is a multifaceted issue, a multi-component response is required to combat its excessive use. This protocol sets out the approach used for developing, implementing and evaluating the REACT (Responding to Excessive Alcohol Consumption in Third-level) Programme. METHODS/DESIGN This evaluation will provide the evidence base for programme development, implementation and improvement. Stage one involved defining the multi-component intervention. This was developed following a systematic review of existing literature and a Delphi-consensus workshop involving university students, staff and relevant stakeholders. Following this, the programme is being implemented across the Higher Education sector in Ireland. A number of Higher Education Institutes have declined the invitation to participate in the programme. These institutions will act as control sites. Each intervention site will have a steering committee whose membership will include a mix of students and academic and student service staff. This steering committee will report to the REACT research team on the implementation of mandatory and optional action points at local sites. An online cross-sectional study at baseline and two-years post intervention will be utilised to determine the impact of the REACT programme. The impact assessment will focus on (1) whether the intervention has reduced alcohol consumption among third-level students (2); whether the programme altered students attitudes toward alcohol and (3) whether the programme has decreased the second-hand effects associated with excessive consumption. Finally, qualitative research will focus on factors influencing the take-up and implementation of this programme as well as students' views on the initiative. DISCUSSION Alcohol consumption has remained on the policy agenda at both national and international level over recent decades. Students are regularly among the highest alcohol consumers, yet university management and public policymakers struggle to tackle this burgeoning issue. The REACT Programme provides a structure to translate policy into practice for those seeking to reduce hazardous alcohol consumption and related harms among third-level students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Davoren
- Sexual Health Centre, 16 Peters Street, Cork, Ireland
- REACT Project, Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan Calnan
- REACT Project, Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Judith Mulcahy
- REACT Project, Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily Lynch
- REACT Project, Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- REACT Project, Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Byrne
- REACT Project, Student Health Department, University College Cork, Ardpatrick, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
The proposal to introduce a Public Health (Alcohol) Bill marks a significant development in Ireland’s alcohol policymaking landscape. While the Bill has generated support from public health advocates, it has also raised considerable opposition, particularly from industry. This analysis aims to examine the debate around this Bill using the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and applying Carol Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented To Be critical mode of analysis. A key objective is to analyze the current prevailing representations of alcohol and its regulation in Ireland but also to consider what they reveal about the underlying governing rationality in relation to alcohol regulation. In particular, it questions whether the Bill signals a shift in the official governing rationality regarding alcohol regulation. The analysis illustrates how alcohol is problematized in markedly different ways in the debates and how such debates are often underpinned by multifaceted elements. Despite such differences, it argues that there are still signs of a neoliberal rhetoric emerging within the public health discourses, raising a question over whether the Bill and its supporting discourses signal a paradigmatic shift or are more indicative of a policy embracing hybrid forms of rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Calnan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Peter's Street, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Órla O’Donovan
- School of Applied Social Studies, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Seitz CM, Kabir Z, Greiner BA, Davoren MP. Student, Faculty, and Staff Approval of University Smoke/Tobacco-Free Policies: An Analysis of Campus Newspaper Articles. Tob Use Insights 2018; 11:1179173X18765127. [PMID: 29593439 PMCID: PMC5865457 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x18765127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a nontraditional source of data to university policymakers regarding student, faculty, and staff approval of university smoke/tobacco-free policies, as published through campus newspaper articles. METHODS From January to April 2016, a total of 2523 articles were retrieved concerning campus smoking/tobacco at 4-year, public universities. Of these, 54 articles met the inclusion factors, which described 30 surveys about campus approval of tobacco-free policies and 24 surveys about smoke-free policies. RESULTS In all, the surveys included more than 130 000 respondents. With the exception of 4 surveys, all reported that the most of the respondents approved a tobacco/smoke-free campus policy. CONCLUSIONS Although the study had several limitations, the findings provide a synthesis from a nontraditional data source that is consistent with findings from the peer-reviewed literature, in which most of the students, faculty, and staff on university campuses approve of smoke/tobacco-free campus policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Seitz
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Zubair Kabir
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Birgit A Greiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Davoren MP, Dahly D, Shiely F, Perry IJ. Alcohol consumption among university students: A latent class analysis. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2017.1290787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and
| | - Darren Dahly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and
- Clinical Research Facility Cork, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frances Shiely
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and
- Clinical Research Facility Cork, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and
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Kelleher E, Davoren MP, Harrington JM, Shiely F, Perry IJ, McHugh SM. Barriers and facilitators to initial and continued attendance at community-based lifestyle programmes among families of overweight and obese children: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:183-194. [PMID: 27862851 PMCID: PMC5245104 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The success of childhood weight management programmes relies on family engagement. While attendance offers many benefits including the support to make positive lifestyle changes, the majority of families referred to treatment decline. Moreover, for those who do attend, benefits are often compromised by high programme attrition. This systematic review investigated factors influencing attendance at community-based lifestyle programmes among families of overweight or obese children. A narrative synthesis approach was used to allow for the inclusion of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method study designs. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that parents provided the impetus for programme initiation, and this was driven largely by a concern for their child's psychological health and wellbeing. More often than not, children went along without any real reason or interest in attending. Over the course of the programme, however, children's positive social experiences such as having fun and making friends fostered the desire to continue. The stigma surrounding excess weight and the denial of the issue amongst some parents presented barriers to enrolment and warrant further study. This study provides practical recommendations to guide future policy makers, programme delivery teams and researchers in developing strategies to boost recruitment and minimise attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelleher
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J M Harrington
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Shiely
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,HRB Clinical Research Facility, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - I J Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S M McHugh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated levels of alcohol consumption among university students are well documented. Policymakers have attempted to combat this issue at a university, national and international level. Tailoring public health policy to effectively tackle alcohol use is crucial. Using Q-methodology, the current study aims to develop a typology of alcohol consumption in the Irish university student population. SETTING A large Irish university. PARTICIPANTS Hundreds of possible statements on types of consumption were generated from a systematic review and a set of one-on-one interviews. These were reduced to 36 statements, 6 statements which define each of the 6 previously defined consumption types. Participants were advised to scan through the 36 statements and fill the statements into a 'forced choice, standardised distribution'. Following this, a 45-90 min interview was conducted with students to illuminate subjectivity surrounding alcohol consumption. Analysis was conducted using PQ Method and NVivo software. Principal component analysis, followed by varimax rotation, was conducted to uncover the final factor information. RESULTS In total, 43 students completed the Q-study: 19 men and 24 women. A typology describing 4 distinct groupings of alcohol consumer was uncovered: the guarded drinker, the calculated hedonist, the peer-influenced drinker and the inevitable binger. Factor loadings of each of the consumer groupings were noted for type description. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to propose ideal types of alcohol consumption among a university student population. Further research is required to investigate the degree to which each of these ideal types is subscribed. However, this typology, in addition to informing public policy and strategies, will be a valuable analytic tool in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Cronin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karl O'Connor
- School of Criminology, Politics and Social Policy, University of Ulster, Antrim, UK
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Davoren MP, Carey D, Mulcahy J, Calnan S, Byrne M. “Rewarding Change: The REACT Project on Your Campus” Tackling alcohol-related harm in a strategic way. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kelleher E, Davoren MP, Harrington JM, Shiely F, Perry IJ, McHugh S. P57 Factors influencing families’ initial and continued attendance at community-based family-focused childhood weight management programmes: A systematic review. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Murphy E, O'Sullivan I, O'Donovan D, Hope A, Davoren MP. The association between parental attitudes and alcohol consumption and adolescent alcohol consumption in Southern Ireland: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:821. [PMID: 27538455 PMCID: PMC4991068 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol plays a complex role in society. A recent study showed that over half of Irish adults drink hazardously. Adolescents report increased levels of alcohol consumption. Previous research has inferred the influence of the parent on their adolescent. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the association between adolescent alcohol consumption and their parent’s consumption pattern and attitude toward alcohol use in Southern Ireland. Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in November 2014. This involved distributing a survey to adolescents (n = 982) in their final two years of second level education and at least one of their parents from a local electorate area in Southern Ireland. This survey included: alcohol use, self- reported height and weight, smoking status, mental health and well-being along with attitudinal questions. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were utilised. Results A 37 % response rate was achieved. Over one-third (34.2 %) of adolescents and 47 % of parents surveyed reported hazardous drinking. Over 90 % of parents disagreed with allowing their adolescent to get drunk and rejected the idea that getting drunk is part of having fun as an adolescent. The majority (79.5 %) of parents surveyed believed that their alcohol consumption pattern set a good example for their adolescent. Multivariate logistic regression highlights the association between adolescent hazardous alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking by the father. Furthermore either parent permitting their adolescent to drink alcohol on special occasions was associated with hazardous alcohol consumption in the adolescent. Conclusion The findings of this research notes a liberal attitude to alcohol and increased levels of consumption by the parent are linked to hazardous adolescent drinking behaviour. Future action plans aimed at combatting adolescent hazardous alcohol consumption should also be aimed at tackling parents’ attitudes towards and consumption of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Murphy
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Derry O'Donovan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ann Hope
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Martin P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Davoren MP, Demant J, Shiely F, Perry IJ. Alcohol consumption among university students in Ireland and the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2014: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:173. [PMID: 26895824 PMCID: PMC4759952 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol is a leading cause of global suffering. Europe reports the uppermost volume of alcohol consumption in the world, with Ireland and the United Kingdom reporting the highest levels of binge drinking and drunkenness. Levels of consumption are elevated among university students. Thus, this literature review aims to summarise the current research on alcohol consumption among university students in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychInfo were systematically searched for literature from January 2002 until December 2014. Each database was searched using the following search pillars: alcohol, university student, Ireland or the United Kingdom and prevalence studies. Results Two thousand one hundred twenty eight articles were retrieved from electronic database searching. These were title searched for relevance. 113 full texts were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. Of these, 29 articles were deemed to meet inclusion criteria for the review. Almost two thirds of students reported a hazardous alcohol consumption score on the AUDIT scale. Over 20 % reported alcohol problems over their lifetime using CAGE while over 20 % exceed sensible limits each week. Noteworthy is the narrowing of the gender gap throughout the past decade. Conclusion This is the first review to investigate consumption patterns of university students in Ireland and the United Kingdom. A range of sampling strategies and screening tools are employed in alcohol research which preclude comparability. The current review provides an overview of consumption patterns to guide policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Jakob Demant
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frances Shiely
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Ivan J Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Davoren MP, Cronin M, Perry IJ, O’Connor K. OP17 Alcohol consumption among university students: developing a taxonomy of consumption to AID the tailoring of effective public health policy. Br J Soc Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206256.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is considerable evidence of a cultural shift towards heavier alcohol consumption among university students, especially women. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and correlates of hazardous alcohol consumption (HAC) among university students with particular reference to gender and to compare different modes of data collection in this population. SETTING A large Irish university. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a classroom distributed paper questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2275 undergraduates completed the classroom survey, 84% of those in class and 51% of those registered for the relevant module. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of HAC measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) and the proportion of university students reporting 1 or more of 13 adverse consequences linked to HAC. HAC was defined as an AUDIT-C score of 6 or more among males and 5 or more among females. RESULTS In the classroom sample, 66.4% (95% CI 64.4 to 68.3) reported HAC (65.2% men and 67.3% women). In women, 57.4% met HAC thresholds for men. Similar patterns of adverse consequences were observed among men and women. Students with a hazardous consumption pattern were more likely to report smoking, illicit drug use and being sexually active. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the high prevalence of HAC among university students relative to the general population. Public policy measures require review to tackle the short-term and long-term risks to physical, mental and social health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frances Shiely
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Byrne
- Student Health Department, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan J Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Davoren MP, Hayes K, Horgan M, Shiely F. Sexually transmitted infection incidence among adolescents in Ireland. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2014; 40:276-82. [PMID: 24916479 PMCID: PMC4174011 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2013-100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) rests with young people, yet in Ireland there has been very little research into this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate and establish risk factors that predict STI occurrence among adolescents in Ireland. DESIGN Routine diagnostic, demographic and behavioural data from first-time visits to three screening centres in the southwest of Ireland were obtained. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors that predict STI occurrence among adolescents. RESULTS A total of 2784 first-time patients, aged 13-19 years, received 3475 diagnoses between January 1999 and September 2009; 1168 (42%) of adolescents had notifiable STIs. The incidence rate of STIs is 225/100 000 person-years. Univariate analysis identified eligible risk factors (p<0.2) for inclusion in the multivariable model. Multivariable logistic regression showed the dominant risk factors for STI diagnosis to be: males who sometimes [odds ratio (OR) 2.02] or never (OR 1.83) use condoms; and females 18-19 years (OR 2.26) and 16-18 years (OR 1.8), with 2 (OR 1.33) or 3+ (OR 1.56) partners in the last 12 months, who are non-intravenous drug users (OR 0.72), are most likely to receive a positive STI diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS STI diagnosis has become increasingly common in Ireland. The proportion of notifications among those aged under 20 years is increasing. These data illustrate the significance of age, condom use and number of sexual partners as risk factors for STI diagnosis. Furthermore, providing data for the first time, we report on the high incidence rate of STIs among adolescents in Ireland. The high levels of risk-taking behaviour and STI acquisition are highlighted and suggest that there is a need for an integrated public health approach to combat this phenomenon in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Davoren
- PhD Student, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Hayes
- Lecturer, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mary Horgan
- Professor, Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork and Consultant, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frances Shiely
- Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,University College Cork,Cork and Senior Lecturer, HRB Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Davoren MP, Cronin M, Perry IJ, Demant J, O’Connor K. PP01 What are the different types of alcohol consumption among the youth of society? A narrative synthesis. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Davoren MP, Fitzgerald E, Shiely F, Perry IJ. Positive mental health and well-being among a third level student population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74921. [PMID: 24009778 PMCID: PMC3757007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much research on the health and well-being of third level students is focused on poor mental health leading to a dearth of information on positive mental health and well-being. Recently, the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale (WEMWBS) was developed as a measurement of positive mental health and well-being. The aim of this research is to investigate the distribution and determinants of positive mental health and well-being in a large, broadly representative sample of third level students using WEMWBS. METHODS Undergraduate students from one large third level institution were sampled using probability proportional to size sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to students attending lectures in the randomly selected degrees. A total of 2,332 self-completed questionnaires were obtained, yielding a response rate of 51% based on students registered to relevant modules and 84% based on attendance. One-way ANOVAs and multivariate logistic regression were utilised to investigate factors associated with positive mental health and well-being. RESULTS The sample was predominantly female (62.66%), in first year (46.9%) and living in their parents' house (42.4%) or in a rented house or flat (40.8%). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and stratified by gender, no significant differences in WEMWBS score were observed by area of study, alcohol, smoking or drug use. WEMWBS scores were higher among male students with low levels of physical activity (p=0.04). Men and women reporting one or more sexual partners (p<0.001) were also more likely to report above average mental health and well-being. CONCLUSION This is the first study to examine positive mental health and well-being scores in a third level student sample using WEMWBS. The findings suggest that students with a relatively adverse health and lifestyle profile have higher than average mental health and well-being. To confirm these results, this work needs to be replicated across other third level institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Davoren
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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