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Bhupenchandra I, Chongtham SK, Gangarani Devi A, Dutta P, Lamalakshmi E, Mohanty S, Choudhary AK, Das A, Sarika K, Kumar S, Yumnam S, Sagolsem D, Rupert Anand Y, Bhutia DD, Victoria M, Vinodh S, Tania C, Dhanachandra Sharma A, Deb L, Sahoo MR, Seth CS, Swapnil P, Meena M. Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38436101 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- ICAR-Farm Science Centre Tamenglong, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Chongtham
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ayam Gangarani Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Pranab Dutta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Elangbam Lamalakshmi
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Sansuta Mohanty
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anil K Choudhary
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Konsam Sarika
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Yumnam
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Diana Sagolsem
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Y Rupert Anand
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Dawa Dolma Bhutia
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - M Victoria
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - S Vinodh
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Chongtham Tania
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Lipa Deb
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Prashant Swapnil
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Science, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Salvo M, Azambuya J, Baccardatz N, Moriondo A, Blanco R, Martinez M, Direnna M, Bertolini G, Gamazo P, Colina R, Alvareda E, Victoria M. One-Year Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Rotavirus in Water Matrices from a Hot Spring Area. Food Environ Virol 2022; 14:401-409. [PMID: 36181654 PMCID: PMC9525940 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still impacting not only on human health but also all economic activities, especially in those related to tourism. In this study, in order to characterize the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a hot spring park in Uruguay, swimming pools water, wastewater, and surface water from this area were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Wastewater from Salto city located next to the hydrothermal spring area was also evaluated as well as the presence of Rotavirus (RV). Overall, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 13% (13/102) of the analyzed samples. Moreover, this virus was not detected in any of the samples from the swimming pools water and was present in 18% (3/17) of wastewater samples from the hotels area showing the same trend between the titer of SARS-CoV-2 and the number of infected people in Salto city. SARS-CoV-2 was also detected in wastewater samples (32% (11/34)) from Salto city, detecting the first positive sample when 105 persons were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Rotavirus was detected only in 10% (2/24) of the wastewater samples analyzed in months when partial lockdown measures were taken, however, this virus was detected in nearly all wastewater samples analyzed when social distancing measures and partial lockdown were relaxed. Wastewater results confirmed the advantages of using the detection and quantification of viruses in this matrix in order to evaluate the presence of these viruses in the population, highlighting the usefulness of this approach to define and apply social distancing. This study suggests that waters from swimming pools are not a source of infection for SARS-CoV-2, although more studies are needed including infectivity assays in order to confirm this statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salvo
- Water Department, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de La República, Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, CP, Uruguay
| | - J Azambuya
- Administración de Las Obras Sanitarias del Estado, Salto, Uruguay
| | - N Baccardatz
- Administración de Las Obras Sanitarias del Estado, Salto, Uruguay
| | - A Moriondo
- Ministry of Public Health, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Blanco
- Ministry of Public Health, Salto, Uruguay
| | | | - M Direnna
- Intendencia de Salto, Salto, Uruguay
| | | | - P Gamazo
- Water Department, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de La República, Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, CP, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, CP, Uruguay
| | - E Alvareda
- Water Department, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de La República, Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, CP, Uruguay.
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, CP, Uruguay.
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Bortagaray V, Gamazo P, Castro S, Grilli M, Colina R, Victoria M. Comparison of the risk of infection of human rotavirus and astrovirus according to fishing and swimming activities at Las Cañas beach, Uruguay. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3523-3533. [PMID: 36000509 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the risk of human Rotavirus (RV) and Astrovirus (HAstV) infections for swimmers and fishers at Las Cañas beach, Uruguay. METHODS AND RESULTS Surface water samples were collected monthly for one year. The dose response models used were β Poisson and 1 F1 hypergeometric for RV and HAstV, respectively. The probabilities of infection were calculated using a kernel density estimate to fitting the data and then sampling from this distribution (Monte Carlo simulation). The probability of RV infection for fishers was between 0 and 65% and for swimmers was between 0 and 50% (<18 years old) and between 0 and 38% (>18 years old). For HAstV, the probability of infection for fishers was between 0% and 45% and for swimmers was between 0 and 38% (<18 years old) and between 0 and 18% (>18 years old). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that fishers are at higher risk of infection for both viruses when compared with swimmers mainly due to higher viral frequency and concentration at the site for fishing activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study highlights the different risk of infection for Rotavirus and Astrovirus, determined according to two popular activities such as swimming and fishing evidencing their negative impact in public health when contaminated waters are used mainly in developing countries like Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Gamazo
- Department of Water, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Castro
- Department of Mathematics and Estadistic from litoral (DMEL), CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Grilli
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Matias Victoria
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Lizasoain A, Mir D, Victoria M, Barrios ME, Blanco-Fernández MD, Rodríguez-Osorio N, Nates S, Cisterna D, Mbayed VA, Colina R. Human Enterovirus Diversity by Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis in Urban Sewage Samples From Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Argentina: A Retrospective Study. Food Environ Virol 2021; 13:259-269. [PMID: 33675515 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human Enteroviruses (hEVs) are responsible for a wide variety of human diseases. During hEVs infection, virions are excreted in human feces and the fecal-oral route is the primary pathway for person-to-person transmission. Sewage surveillance could help in monitoring hEVs circulation and describing their diversity in a specific population. In this study, sewage samples collected in Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (Argentina) were retrospectively studied through an amplicon-deep sequencing approach and phylogenetic analyses to characterize hEVs spread. We identified 17 different hEVs types belonging to A, B, and C species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Buenos Aires for 7 identified hEV-C types. Phylogenetic analyses suggest several introductions of coxsackievirus B4, echovirus 1, and echovirus 9 in the country, along with the national spread reached by some variants. Besides, well-supported monophyletic groups of Argentine, Uruguayan, and Brazilian strains unveiled regional circulation patterns for some variants. These results extend our knowledge about hEVs circulation in Buenos Aires and might exhort authorities to implement more active sewage surveillance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte. Universidad de La República, 1350 Gral. Rivera St. Salto, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - D Mir
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte. Universidad de La República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte. Universidad de La República, 1350 Gral. Rivera St. Salto, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M E Barrios
- Cátedra de Virología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular. Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M D Blanco-Fernández
- Cátedra de Virología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular. Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Rodríguez-Osorio
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte. Universidad de La República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - S Nates
- Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales y Sarampión. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Cisterna
- Servicio de Neurovirosis, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Mbayed
- Cátedra de Virología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular. Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Norte. Universidad de La República, 1350 Gral. Rivera St. Salto, 50000, Salto, Uruguay.
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Bortagaray V, Girardi V, Pou S, Lizasoain A, Tort LFL, Spilki FR, Colina R, Victoria M. Detection, Quantification, and Microbial Risk Assessment of Group A Rotavirus in Rivers from Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2020; 12:89-98. [PMID: 31792742 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect, quantify, and assess the risk of infection and illness for Group A Rotavirus (RVA) in the watersheds of the Santa Lucia and Uruguay rivers in Uruguay. Monthly sampling was carried out for one year in six sites in the watershed of the Santa Lucía River and four in the Uruguay River. All the collection sites are used for recreational activities. Viral concentration was performed with the adsorption-elution method, and detection and quantification of RVA was carried out by TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR). Quantitative microbial risk assessment was applied to estimate the daily and annual risk of RVA infection, as well as the daily risk of illness considering direct exposure through recreational activity. RVA was detected in 42% (20/48) of the analyzed samples in the Uruguay River and 40% (29/72) in the Santa Lucía River. The virus was present in all the analyzed points in both watersheds. A pattern of seasonality, characterized by a higher detection frequency of the virus during coldest month of the year, was observed in both basins. The mean concentration for RVA was 1.3 × 105 genomic copies/L. The microbiological risk assessment shows that Santa Lucía watershed presented the highest daily risk of infection (6.41E-01) and illness (3.20E-01) estimated for the point downstream of Florida City; meanwhile for Uruguay River, the highest probabilities of infection (6.82E-01) and illness (3.41E-01) were estimated for the collection site for drinking water intake in Salto city. These results suggest that RVA contamination of these important rivers negatively impact on their microbiological quality since they are used for recreation and drinking water intake, demonstrating that the disposal of waste from cities located in their riverside confers a constant threat of infection for the general population, especially for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Viviane Girardi
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Pou
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences (INICSA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, CONICET and Biostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical SciencesNational University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Luis Fernando López Tort
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matias Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay.
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Gamazo P, Victoria M, Schijven JF, Alvareda E, Tort LFL, Ramos J, Lizasoain LA, Sapriza G, Castells M, Bessone L, Colina R. Modeling the Transport of Human Rotavirus and Norovirus in Standardized and in Natural Soil Matrix-Water Systems. Food Environ Virol 2020; 12:58-67. [PMID: 31721078 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We modeled Group A Rotavirus (RVA) and Norovirus genogroup II (GII NoV) transport experiments in standardized (crystal quartz sand and deionized water with adjusted pH and ionic strength) and natural soil matrix-water systems (MWS). On the one hand, in the standardized MWS, Rotavirus and Norovirus showed very similar breakthrough curves (BTCs), showing a removal rate of 2 and 1.7 log10, respectively. From the numerical modeling of the experiment, transport parameters of the same order of magnitude were obtained for both viruses. On the other hand, in the natural MWS, the two viruses show very different BTCs. The Norovirus transport model showed significant changes; BTC showed a removal rate of 4 log10, while Rotavirus showed a removal rate of 2.6 log10 similar to the 2 log10 observed on the standardized MWS. One possible explanation for this differential behavior is the difference in the isoelectric point value of these two viruses and the increase of the ionic strength on the natural MWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gamazo
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay.
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - J F Schijven
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Modelling, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Alvareda
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L F L Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - J Ramos
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - G Sapriza
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L Bessone
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
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Prez VE, Martínez LC, Victoria M, Giordano MO, Masachessi G, Ré VE, Pavan JV, Colina R, Barril PA, Nates SV. Tracking enteric viruses in green vegetables from central Argentina: potential association with viral contamination of irrigation waters. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:665-671. [PMID: 29758423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of green vegetable products is commonly viewed as a potential risk factor for infection with enteric viruses. The link between vegetable crops and fecally contaminated irrigation water establishes an environmental scenario that can result in a risk to human health. The aim of this work was to analyze the enteric viral quality in leafy green vegetables from Córdoba (Argentina) and its potential association with viral contamination of irrigation waters. During July-December 2012, vegetables were collected from peri-urban green farms (n = 19) and its corresponding urban river irrigation waters (n = 12). Also, urban sewage samples (n = 6) were collected to analyze the viral variants circulating in the community. Viruses were eluted and concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and then were subject to Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to assess the genome presence of norovirus, rotavirus and human astrovirus. The concentrates were also inoculated in HEp-2 (Human Epidermoid carcinoma strain #2) cells to monitor the occurrence of infective enterovirus. The frequency of detection of the viral groups in sewage, irrigation water and crops was: norovirus 100%, 67% and 58%, rotavirus 100%, 75% and 5%, astrovirus 83%, 75% and 32% and infective enterovirus 50%, 33% and 79%, respectively. A similar profile in sewage, irrigation water and green vegetables was observed for norovirus genogroups (I and II) distribution as well as for rotavirus and astrovirus G-types. These results provide the first data for Argentina pointing out that green leafy vegetables are contaminated with a broad range of enteric viruses and that the irrigation water would be a source of contamination. The presence of viral genomes and infective particles in food that in general suffer minimal treatment before consumption underlines that green crops can act as potential sources of enteric virus transmission. Public intervention in the use of the river waters as irrigation source is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Prez
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina.
| | - L C Martínez
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M O Giordano
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Masachessi
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
| | - V E Ré
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina
| | - J V Pavan
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - P A Barril
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina; Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI A.C.), Expedicionarios del Desierto 1310, CP 8309 Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - S V Nates
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Gamazo P, Victoria M, Schijven JF, Alvareda E, Tort LFL, Ramos J, Burutaran L, Olivera M, Lizasoain A, Sapriza G, Castells M, Colina R. Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination as an Indicator of Viral Contamination in a Sedimentary Aquifer in Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2018; 10:305-315. [PMID: 29564721 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-018-9341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Uruguay, groundwater is frequently used for agricultural activities, as well as for human consumption in urban and rural areas. As in many countries worldwide, drinking water microbiological quality is evaluated only according to bacteriological standards and virological analyses are not mentioned in the legislation. In this work, the incidence of human viral (Rotavirus A, Norovirus GII, and human Adenovirus) and bacterial (total and thermotolerant coliform and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) contamination in groundwater in the Salto district, Uruguay, as well as the possible correlation between these groups of microorganisms, was studied. From a total of 134 groundwater samples, 42 (32.1%) were positive for Rotavirus, only 1 (0.7%) for both Rotavirus and Adenovirus, and 96 (72.6%) samples were positive for bacterial indicators. Results also show that Rotavirus presence was not associated with changes in chemical composition of the aquifer water. Bacteriological indicators were not adequate to predict the presence of viruses in individual groundwater samples (well scale), but a deeper spatial-temporal analysis showed that they are promising candidates to assess the viral contamination degree at aquifer scale, since from the number of wells with bacterial contamination the number of wells with viral contamination could be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gamazo
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - J F Schijven
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Modelling, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Alvareda
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - L F L Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - J Ramos
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - L Burutaran
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - M Olivera
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - G Sapriza
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - M Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, Salto, CP: 50.000, Uruguay.
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Torres C, Barrios M, Cammarata R, Victoria M, Fernandez-Cassi X, Bofill-Mas S, Colina R, Blanco Fernández M, Mbayed V. A45 Merkel-cell polyomavirus and human polyomavirus 6 in Argentina, Uruguay, and Spain: Deep characterization of the South American types. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905361 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Torres
- Virology Chair, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Barrios
- Virology Chair, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Cammarata
- Virology Chair, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Victoria
- University of the Republic, Salto, Uruguay
| | | | | | - R Colina
- University of the Republic, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M Blanco Fernández
- Virology Chair, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Mbayed
- Virology Chair, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Fumian TM, Victoria M, Vieira CB, Fioretti JM, Rocha MS, Prado T, Guimarães FR, da Gama NP, de Oliveira JM, Mendes ACO, Gaspar AMC, Santos JDO, Chame M, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Enteric viruses' dissemination in a private reserve of natural heritage. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:313-320. [PMID: 29330866 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess anthropogenic impact of surrounding population in the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage at Pantanal, the world's largest freshwater wetland ecosystem located in the centre of South America. Viral aetiological agents of acute gastroenteritis as rotavirus A (RVA), noroviruses, human adenoviruses, klassevirus and of hepatitis, as hepatitis A virus, were investigated in different aquatic matrices. Annual collection campaigns were carried out from 2009 to 2012, alternating dry and rainy seasons. Viral particles present in the samples were concentrated by the adsorption-elution method, with negatively charged membranes, and detected by qualitative and quantitative PCR. From a total of 43 samples at least one virus was detected in 65% (28) of them. Viruses were detected in all matrices with concentrations ranging from 2 × 102 to 8·3 × 104 genome copies per litre. A significant higher RVA frequency was observed in the dry season. Our data revealing dissemination of human enteric viruses in water matrices both inside and outside the reserve could be useful to trace faecal contamination in the environment and to minimize the risk of infection by exposure of susceptible individuals. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is part of a collaborative project designed to investigate the environmental and health conditions of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage at Pantanal, the largest seasonally flooded wetland in the world. The project aimed to promote health and quality of human and wildlife extending technical-scientific knowledge about pathogens present in the region. By assessing the occurrence of human enteric viruses in different water matrices we demonstrated the anthropogenic impact of surrounding population and pointed out the potential risk of infection by exposure of susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Fumian
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Sede Salto del CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - C B Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J M Fioretti
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M S Rocha
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Prado
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F R Guimarães
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - N P da Gama
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A C O Mendes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A M C Gaspar
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J D O Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Chame
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J P G Leite
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M P Miagostovich
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Castells M, Schild C, Caffarena D, Bok M, Giannitti F, Armendano J, Riet-Correa F, Victoria M, Parreño V, Colina R. Prevalence and viability of group A rotavirus in dairy farm water sources. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:922-929. [PMID: 29316065 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse group A rotavirus (RVA) environmental contamination in waters used for calves' consumption and to assess viral viability in dairy farm water sources. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 202 samples of water used for calves' consumption and RVA was detected by RT-qPCR in 35·1% (95% CI: 28·9-42·0%). A marked pattern of seasonality was observed with higher frequency of detection in colder than warmer months (P = 0·002). There was no association between viral load and season or between the number of milking cows in the herd and the detection of RVA in the farm. The viability of the RVA particles detected was confirmed by isolation of RVA in cell culture from 5 of 10 water samples. Furthermore, an RVA waterborne outbreak of neonatal calf diarrhoea was described. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that RVA is frequent in dairy farm waters, and that the virus is infectious and capable of generating a diarrhoea outbreak. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Neonatal diarrhoea syndrome leads to economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. To determine transmission routes is essential to take action in this regard and reduce the impact that this syndrome has for the livestock production. The results obtained in this work alert the dairy industry and highlight that mitigation strategies are crucial to improve the microbiological quality of this water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - C Schild
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - D Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Bok
- Sección de Virus Gastroentéricos, Instituto de Virología, CICV y A, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay.,Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - J Armendano
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Riet-Correa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - V Parreño
- Sección de Virus Gastroentéricos, Instituto de Virología, CICV y A, INTA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CENUR Litoral Norte, Centro Universitario de Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
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12
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Lizasoain A, Tort L, García M, Gillman L, Alberti A, Leite J, Miagostovich M, Pou S, Cagiao A, Razsap A, Huertas J, Berois M, Victoria M, Colina R. Human enteric viruses in a wastewater treatment plant: evaluation of activated sludge combined with UV disinfection process reveals different removal performances for viruses with different features. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:215-221. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular; CENUR Litoral Norte; Sede Salto Uruguay
- Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - L.F.L. Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular; CENUR Litoral Norte; Sede Salto Uruguay
- Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M. García
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular; CENUR Litoral Norte; Sede Salto Uruguay
- Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - L. Gillman
- Sección Virología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - A. Alberti
- Sección Virología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - J.P.G. Leite
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - M.P. Miagostovich
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - S.A. Pou
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - A. Cagiao
- Obras Sanitarias del Estado; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - A. Razsap
- Obras Sanitarias del Estado; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - J. Huertas
- Obras Sanitarias del Estado; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - M. Berois
- Sección Virología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - M. Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular; CENUR Litoral Norte; Sede Salto Uruguay
- Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - R. Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular; CENUR Litoral Norte; Sede Salto Uruguay
- Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
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13
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Tort LFL, Iglesias K, Bueno C, Lizasoain A, Salvo M, Cristina J, Kandratavicius N, Pérez L, Figueira R, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Venturini N, Brugnoli E, Colina R, Victoria M. Wastewater contamination in Antarctic melt-water streams evidenced by virological and organic molecular markers. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:225-231. [PMID: 28743008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human activities in the Antarctica including tourism and scientific research have been raised substantially in the last century with the concomitant impact on the Antarctic ecosystems through the release of wastewater mainly from different scientific stations activities. The aim of this study was to assess the wastewater contamination of surface waters and sediments of three melt-water streams (11 sites) by leaking septic tanks located in the vicinity of the Uruguayan Scientific Station in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, during summer 2015. For this purpose, we combined the analysis of fecal steroids in sediments by using gas chromatography and six enteric viruses in surface waters by quantitative and qualitative PCR. Coprostanol concentrations (from 0.03 to 3.31μgg-1) and fecal steroids diagnostic ratios indicated that stations C7 and C8 located in the kitchen stream presented sewage contamination. Rotavirus was the only enteric virus detected in five sites with concentration ranging from 1.2×105gcL-1 to 5.1×105gcL-1 being three of them located downstream from the leaking AINA and Kitchen septic tanks. This study shows for the first time the presence of both virological and molecular biomarkers of wastewater pollution in surface waters and sediments of three melt-water streams in the vicinity of a scientific station in the Antarctica. These results highlight the importance of the complementation of these biomarkers in two different matrices (surface waters and sediments) to assess wastewater pollution in an Antarctic environment related to anthropogenic activities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F L Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Sede Salto del CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - K Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica Marina, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - C Bueno
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Sede Salto del CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - M Salvo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Sede Salto del CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - J Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, Montevideo (11400) Uruguay
| | - N Kandratavicius
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - L Pérez
- Centro Universitario de la Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - R Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Cidade Universitária (05508-120), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Cidade Universitária (05508-120), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Cidade Universitária (05508-120), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Venturini
- Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica Marina, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - E Brugnoli
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, IECA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Sede Salto del CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto 50000, Uruguay
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Sede Salto del CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto 50000, Uruguay.
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14
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Victoria M, Tort L, Lizasoain A, García M, Castells M, Berois M, Divizia M, Leite J, Miagostovich M, Cristina J, Colina R. Norovirus molecular detection in Uruguayan sewage samples reveals a high genetic diversity and GII.4 variant replacement along time. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1427-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte; CENUR Litoral Norte; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - L.F.L. Tort
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte; CENUR Litoral Norte; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - A. Lizasoain
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte; CENUR Litoral Norte; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M. García
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte; CENUR Litoral Norte; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M. Castells
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte; CENUR Litoral Norte; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M. Berois
- Virology Section; School of Sciences; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - M. Divizia
- Laboratory of Environmental Virology; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery; Tor Vergata University; Rome Italy
| | - J.P.G. Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M.P. Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - J. Cristina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Nuclear Investigation Center; School of Sciences; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - R. Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte; CENUR Litoral Norte; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
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15
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Burutarán L, Lizasoain A, García M, Tort LFL, Colina R, Victoria M. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Aichivirus 1 in Wastewater Samples from Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2016; 8:13-17. [PMID: 26456918 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aichivirus 1 (AiV-1) is an enteric virus with 30 nm in diameter, belonging to the genus Kobuvirus in the Picornaviridae family being a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. The transmission is via the fecal-oral route, through person to person contact, recreation in contaminated waters, or through the consumption of contaminated food or water. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the molecular characterization of AiV-1 in wastewater from Uruguay. Biweekly collections from March 2011 to February 2012 were performed in the cities of Bella Unión, Salto, Paysandú, and Fray Bentos, northwestern region of Uruguay. A total of 96 samples were collected; viruses were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, and AiV-1 was detected by using a nested PCR with primers directed to a conserved region (3CD junction) of the viral genome. A high frequency of AiV-1 (n = 54) was observed at all the cities analyzed mainly in the colder months of the year. AiV-1 was not evidenced as an appropriate viral fecal indicator since when compared with other previously detected enteric viruses, no correlation was observed. All 13 characterized AiV-1 belonged to the genotype B after the phylogenetic analysis performed with the sequences obtained from the first round PCR amplicon. This study demonstrates that AiV-1 is a frequently detected enteric viruses present in wastewater and excreted by infected persons in the northwestern region of Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Burutarán
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M García
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L F L Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay.
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Melgaço FG, Victoria M, Corrêa AA, Ganime AC, Malta FC, Brandão MLL, de Mello Medeiros V, de Oliveira Rosas C, Bricio SML, Miagostovich MP. Virus recovering from strawberries: Evaluation of a skimmed milk organic flocculation method for assessment of microbiological contamination. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 217:14-9. [PMID: 26476572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skimmed milk organic flocculation method was adapted, optimized and compared with polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and filtration methods for recovering viruses from a strawberry matrix. Spiking experiments with norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (NoV GII.4) and murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) demonstrated that the organic flocculation method associated with a glycine elution buffer, filter bag and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) showed a recovery percentage of 2.5 and 32 times higher than PEG precipitation and filtration methodologies for NoV recovering. Furthermore, this method was used for investigating NoV and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in 90 samples of fresh strawberries commercialized in Rio de Janeiro markets. NoV GI and GII were not detected in those samples and MNV-1, used as internal process control (IPC), was recovered in 95.5% (86) of them. HAdVs were detected in 18 (20.0%) samples and characterized by nucleotide sequencing as Human Mastadenovirus specie F and as type specie HAdV-2. Bacterial analysis did not detect Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, however, 3.3% of fecal coliforms were detected in those samples. These results indicate the organic flocculation method as an alternative for recovering enteric viruses from strawberries, emphasizing a need for virus surveillance in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gil Melgaço
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Matias Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay.
| | | | - Ana Carolina Ganime
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Luiz Lima Brandão
- Food Sector, Laboratory of Food and Sanitizing, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Valéria de Mello Medeiros
- Food Sector, Laboratory of Food and Sanitizing, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carla de Oliveira Rosas
- Food Sector, Laboratory of Food and Sanitizing, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Maria Lopes Bricio
- Food Sector, Laboratory of Food and Sanitizing, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Quality Control in Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
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Lizasoain A, Tort L, García M, Gómez M, Leite J, Miagostovich M, Cristina J, Colina R, Victoria M. Environmental assessment reveals the presence of MLB-1 human astrovirus in Uruguay. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:859-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lizasoain
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - L.F.L. Tort
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M. García
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M.M. Gómez
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - J.P.G. Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - M.P. Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology; Oswaldo Cruz Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - J. Cristina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Nuclear Investigation Center; School of Sciences; Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - R. Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
| | - M. Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology; Department of Biological Sciences; Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste; Universidad de la República; Salto Uruguay
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Duarte V, Victoria M, Amaya G, Escalier M, Scarafia S, Marino L, Secco A, Romanini F, Mamani M. AB0732 Reliability and Validity of the Duruöz Hand Index in an Argentinian Population with Scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lizasoain A, Tort LFL, García M, Gómez MM, Cristina J, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP, Victoria M, Colina R. Environmental Assessment of Classical Human Astrovirus in Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2015; 7:142-148. [PMID: 25680829 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of classical human astrovirus (HAstV) strains in sewage samples from four Uruguayan cities: Bella Unión, Salto, Paysandú, and Fray Bentos, located in the Northwestern region of the country. Overall, 96 sewage samples were collected biweekly between March 2011 and February 2012 and were subject to ultracentrifugation methodology in order to concentrate the viruses. RT-PCR directed to the ORF2 genome region was performed followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Forty-three (45 %) out of 96 analyzed samples were positive for HAstV (Mamastrovirus 1) and 31 of them were successfully sequenced being 21 (49 %) of them classified as HAstV-1 genotype (1a lineage) and 10 (23 %) as HAstV-2 genotype (eight strains belonging to the 2d lineage and two strains to the 2c lineage). The 1a lineage circulated throughout the year, while the 2d lineage only in the coldest months (June to October). Strikingly, the 2c lineage was detected only in Salto city during March 2011. In this city it was observed the highest frequency of HAstV and the greatest genetic diversity, probably due to its role as high touristic spot with an important influx of visitants from others regions of Uruguay and also from other countries. This study constitutes the first report in Uruguay that describes the phylogenetic diversity and genotype distribution of HAstV strains circulating in the Northwestern region evidencing a high frequency and also the presence of several different lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular. Regional Norte - CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
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Victoria M, Fumian TM, Rocha MS, Dalmao F, Leite JPG, Girones R, Miagostovich MP. Gastroenteric virus dissemination and influence of rainfall events in urban beaches in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1210-8. [PMID: 24980661 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to assess rotavirus A (RV-A), genogroup II (GII) norovirus (NoV), and human adenovirus (HAdV) dissemination in recreational water in an urban beach located in the city of Rio de Janeiro and their persistence during rainfall events. METHODS AND RESULTS Viruses, including bacteriophage (PP7), used as internal control, were concentrated, reverse transcribed and quantified by a low-cost method based on organic flocculation with skimmed milk coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocols. The analysis of 74 superficial water samples obtained during 6 months of monitoring detected HAdV (66%), RV-A (37%) and GII NoV (14%), with a mean viral load of 4·1 log10 genome copies l(-1) (g.c. l(-1) ), 4·3 log10 g.c l(-1) and 3·8 log10 g.c. l(-1) , respectively. Investigation of those viruses during two rainfall events showed a longer permanence after rainfall events compared with bacterial indicators. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the need for further monitoring using viral parameters to determine the microbiological quality of recreational waters to allow bath in these waters, especially during rainy events. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides data on virus contamination in recreational waters on tourist beaches frequented throughout the year, emphasizing the importance of viral parameters for assessing microbiological quality of water, as well as the potential risk of waterborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Regional Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
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Victoria M, Tort LFL, García M, Lizasoain A, Maya L, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP, Cristina J, Colina R. Assessment of gastroenteric viruses from wastewater directly discharged into Uruguay River, Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2014; 6:116-24. [PMID: 24777819 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the viral contamination of group A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) in sewage directly discharged into Uruguay River and to characterize RVA genotypes circulating in Uruguay. For this purpose, sewage samples (n = 96) were collected biweekly from March 2011 to February 2012 in four Uruguayan cities: Bella Unión, Salto, Paysandú, and Fray Bentos. Each sample was concentrated by ultracentrifugation method. Qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR for RVA, NoV, and HAstV were performed. A wide dissemination of gastroenteric viruses was observed in the sewage samples analyzed with 80% of positivity, being NoV (51%) the most frequently detected followed by RVA with a frequency of 49% and HAstV with 45%. Genotypes of RVA were typed using multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR as follows: P[8] (n = 15), P[4] (n = 8), P[10] (n = 1), P[11] (n = 1), G2 (n = 29), and G3 (n = 2). The viral load ranged from 10(3) to 10(7) genomic copies/liter, and they were detected roughly with the same frequency in all participant cities. A peak of RVA and HAstV detection was observed in colder months (June to September), whereas no seasonality was observed for NoV. This study demonstrates for the first time, the high degree of gastroenteric viral contamination in the country; highlighting the importance of developing these analyses as a tool to determine the viral contamination in this hydrographic boundary region used by the local populations for recreation and consumption, establishing an elevated risk of gastroenteric diseases for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular - Regional Norte, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
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Miagostovich MP, Guimarães FR, Vieira CB, Fumian TM, da Gama NP, Victoria M, de Oliveira JM, Mendes ACDO, Gaspar AMC, Leite JPG. Assessment of water quality in a border region between the Atlantic forest and an urbanised area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Food Environ Virol 2014; 6:110-115. [PMID: 24818567 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-014-9146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of water resources is one of the goals of the designation of parks that act as natural reservoirs. In order to assess the impact of the presence of humans in an environmental preservation area bordering urban areas, the presence of four pathogenic enteric viruses [group A rotavirus (RV-A), norovirus (NoV), human adenoviruses (HAdV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV)], as well as the physico-chemical parameters, and Escherichia coli levels were assessed in riverine water samples. From June 2008 to May 2009, monthly monitoring was performed along the Engenho Novo River. RV-A, NoV, and HAdV were observed in 29% (31/108) of the water samples, with concentrations of up to 10(3) genome copies/liter. The natural occurrence of infectious HAdV was demonstrated by Integrated Cell Culture-PCR (ICC-PCR). This study confirms the suitability of using the detection of fecal-oral transmitted viruses as a marker of human fecal contamination in water matrices and indicates the spread of pathogenic viruses occurring in an alleged area of environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-360, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 4365, Brazil,
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Fioretti JM, Ferreira MSR, Victoria M, Vieira CB, Xavier MDPTP, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Genetic diversity of noroviruses in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:942-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Abstract
The clustering of helium in bcc (body centered cubic) iron and the growth of a helium bubble are simulated at the atomistic level for the helium-rich vacancy-poor condition. It is shown that a ½ <linear span>111<linear span> dislocation loop is formed as a sequential collection of <linear span>111<linear span> crowdions, the latter being the most stable self-interstitial atom configuration in the presence of a He cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- NES-High Temperature Materials, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Abstract
The properties of the cluster He(n)V, an iron vacancy with an increasing number of He atoms, is studied with molecular statics and molecular dynamics simulations. A study of the binding energy of the self-interstitial atom (SIA) and the He, shows that from n = 6 the He(n)V cluster is stable and cannot shrink anymore, and from n = 16 the He(n)V(2) cluster is stabilized by the emission of SIA in the form of a (110) dumbbell. Calculation of the pressure exercised by the He(n)V cluster shows local peak normal stress and shear stress values up to 9 GPa and 4 GPa, respectively. The local configurations of He(n)V suggest that with increasing helium content, a high symmetry configuration close to a face centered cubic lattice is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- NES-High Temperature Materials, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThe ferritic/martensitic steels which are candidates for the first wall of the future fusion reactor are investigated in TEM. While the irradiation doses expected in this reactor are in the range of 100 dpa per year, there is still a lack of knowledge on the nature of the irradiation induced defects for the low doses at which hardening is already occuring. This hardening depends strongly on the type of interaction between the moving dislocations and the defects. The early defects, which start to appear as black dots in TEM, are expected to be either three dimensional clusters of interstitials or vacancies, or dislocation loops. The nature and size of these defects is carefully studied in the F82H steel for doses ranging from about 0.5 dpa to 9 dpa and irradiation temperatures ranging from 40°C to 330°C. For that purpose, various weak beam techniques are explored at the limit of resolution of a TEM used in diffraction mode. Results are presented here for the cases of a 1.7 dpa and a 8.8 dpa irradiation.
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Baluc N, Bailat C, Dai Y, Luppo M, Schaublin R, Victoria M. A Comparison of the microstructure and tensile behaviour of irradiated fcc and bcc metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-540-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs part of an on-going research program, findings are presented from a comparison of the microstructures and associated tensile properties of fcc and bcc materials after high energy proton irradiation, to fluences between 10−4 and 1 dpa, at 300-320 K. Results for this comparison between Cu, Pd, 304 and 316 stainless steel on one side and Fe and the F82H ferritic-martensitic low activation steel on the other are discussed, showing a strong difference in defect accumulation behaviour between the differing crystal structures. The overall deformation behaviour is similar, with an initial localised deformation taking place in all cases, even though the actual deformation mode itself might be different. Furthermore, a comparison is made with some of the materials that have also been irradiated with fission neutrons, showing no influence of the PKA spectra for these irradiation conditions.
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Almazouzi A, Caturla MJ, Rubia TDDL, Victoria M. Annealing Kinetics of Single Displacement Cascades in Ni: An Atomic Scale Computer Simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-540-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to describe the long term evolution of the defects produced by a displacement cascade, Molecular dynamics (MD) and Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) methods are employed. Using an empirical Ni interatomic potential in MD, the damage resulting from primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies up to 30 keV has been simulated. The annealing kinetics and the fraction of freely migrating defects (FMD) are determined for each single displacement cascade, by a KMC code which is based on a set of parameters extracted mainly from MD simulations. It allows an atomistic study of the evolution of the initial damage over a time scale up to lOOs and the determination of the fraction of the defects that escape the KMC box, compared to those obtained by MD, as function of temperature and PKA energy. It has been found that this fraction depends strongly on the temperature but reaches a saturation value above stage V.
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Abstract
AbstractSingle crystalline specimens of pure Pd have been irradiated at ambient temperature with 590 MeV protons to doses ranging between 10−4 and 10−1 dpa. Tensile deformation experiments revealed that irradiation induces hardening and embrittlement, while scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that plastic deformation of specimens irradiated to a dose ≥ 10−2 dpa is strongly localized and yields the creation of slip bands at the macroscopic scale and of defect-free channels at the microscopic level.
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Rigotto C, Victoria M, Moresco V, Kolesnikovas C, Corrêa A, Souza D, Miagostovich M, Simões C, Barardi C. Assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis A virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in Florianopolis, South Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1979-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ferreira MSR, Victoria M, Carvalho-Costa FA, Vieira CB, Xavier MPTP, Fioretti JM, Andrade J, Volotão EM, Rocha M, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Surveillance of norovirus infections in the state of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil 2005-2008. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1442-8. [PMID: 20572088 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year (2005-2008) norovirus (NoV) surveillance study was conducted in the state of Rio Janeiro, Brazil, to demonstrate the role of these viruses in outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis. A cohort of 1,687 fecal samples was obtained from patients with gastroenteritis; 324 were rotavirus-positive. Of the remainder 1,363 rotavirus-negative samples, 1,087 samples were tested for NoV RNA in this study. The study enrolled 267 outpatients from Municipal Public Health Centers and 820 inpatients, whose samples were obtained by active surveillance in Public Hospitals. Fecal samples were tested by reverse transcription (RT) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the MON 431-434 set of degenerate primers for NoV GI and GII detection, and there were 35.1% (381/1,087) positive samples for NoV, consisting of 30.2% (248/820) and 49.8% (133/267) from inpatient and outpatient, respectively. Children infected by NoV had significantly more frequent mucus in feces, vomiting and fever. No seasonal pattern in NoV infections was observed in patients admitted to hospital; however, two peaks of NoV infections were observed from ambulatory cases, suggesting that there was an occurrence of outbreaks in those time periods. Molecular characterization revealed GII to be the most prevalent genogroup, totaling 96.3% (104/108) of all sequences analyzed, and GII.4 was the genotype detected most frequently (80.7%), followed by GII.6, 3, 14, 7, and 8. Two GI strains, GI.2 and GI.3, were also observed. The number of outbreaks and sporadic cases described in this study highlights the need to implement diagnosis of NoV in surveillance laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S R Ferreira
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Brunet E, Alhendawi HMH, Alonso M, Cerro C, Jiménez L, Juanes O, Mata MJ, Salvador A, Victoria M, Rodríguez-Payán E, Rodríguez-Ubis JC. The use of laminar inorganic salts to make organic molecules display new properties at the supramolecular level in the solid state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/232/1/012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Victoria M, Rigotto C, Moresco V, de Abreu Corrêa A, Kolesnikovas C, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP, Barardi CRM. Assessment of norovirus contamination in environmental samples from Florianópolis City, Southern Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:231-8. [PMID: 20059621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess norovirus (NoV) contamination in aquatic ecosystems in the city of Florianópolis, in Southern Brazil, to provide epidemiological data that can support actions for environmental contamination control. METHODS AND RESULTS An adsorption-elution method, followed by ultrafiltration, was performed to concentrate the viruses. NoV were detected using semi-nested PCR and quantified by real-time PCR. From June 2007 to May 2008, NoV were detected in 23% (22/94) of the samples analysed, including seawater, drinking water, superficial water (creek and brackish lagoon) and treated sewage. The mean viral loads for genogroups (G)I and GII in treated sewage samples were 297 and 440 genomic copies (gc) l(-1) , respectively, whereas creek water samples contained 2603 and 1361 gc l(-1) , respectively. Six samples were sequenced: two samples were GII.4, two were GII.2 and two were GI.3. CONCLUSIONS NoV were detected in all water types analysed, demonstrating the widespread contamination of this geographical area with several cocirculating strains belonging to GI and GII. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the environmental spread of NoV in environmental waters and highlights the potential hazard for human health following the consumption of or contact with these waters, which could result in waterborne or foodborne acute gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Xavier M, Oliveira S, Ferreira M, Victoria M, Miranda V, Silva M, Strina A, Barreto M, Miagostovicht M, Leite J. Detection of caliciviruses associated with acute infantile gastroenteritis in Salvador, an urban center in Northeast Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 42:438-44. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A. Strina
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil
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Victoria M, Domínguez C, Antón I, Sala G. Comparative analysis of different secondary optical elements for aspheric primary lenses. Opt Express 2009; 17:6487-6492. [PMID: 19365473 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.006487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The performance of different reflexive and refractive secondaries optimized for the same primary lens is studied by using ray-tracing simulation. Different solutions are approached according to materials and manufacturing processes currently available in the market, which can be potentially cost-effective for concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules. They are compared in terms of system optical efficiency and acceptance angle. In addition, irradiance distribution over the cell is also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria
- Instituto de Energa Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Ferreira FFM, Guimarães FR, Fumian TM, Victoria M, Vieira CB, Luz S, Shubo T, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Environmental dissemination of group A rotavirus: P-type, G-type and subgroup characterization. Water Sci Technol 2009; 60:633-642. [PMID: 19657158 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses A (RV-A) infection is the most common cause of acute diarrheal diseases in infants and the dissemination of these viruses in the environment represents a public health hazard. The present study aims to evaluate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based protocols for the detection of RV-A genes in different types of environmental samples. RV-A were concentrated by the adsorption-elution method using negatively charged membranes associated with a Centriprep Concentrator 50. The RV-A VP4, VP7 and VP6 genes were detected using RT-PCR in river water from the Amazon Hydrographic basin (Northern region) and from wastewater in a sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro (Southeast region), Brazil. RV-A were successfully detected in water environmental samples by the methods used. The detection of the VP6 gene by RT-PCR was the most sensitive for detecting RV-A in environmental samples (44.0%), when compared to the detection of the VP4 (33.3%) and VP7 (25.3%) genes. Based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP6 gene, 22 environmental samples were determined to be subgroup II (Wa-like). These results indicate that analysis of environmental samples could possibly make a valuable contribution to studies on the epidemiology of RV-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F M Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Pavilhão Hélio & Peggy Pereira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365-Maguinhos 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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Froideval A, Iglesias R, Samaras M, Schuppler S, Nagel P, Grolimund D, Victoria M, Hoffelner W. Magnetic and structural properties of FeCr alloys. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:237201. [PMID: 18233403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic synchrotron x-ray absorption experiments using imaging magnetic microspectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and ab initio calculations on FeCr alloys reveal that the Cr content strongly influences the ferromagnetic microstructure and the Fe magnetic moments. The Cr local structure resolved by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is also found to be affected by the alloy's composition. Both EXAFS and ab initio calculations show a change in the Cr local atomic structure above 10 at.% Cr content from the distance contraction of the first two coordination shells around the Cr absorbing atom. These results indicate the strong dependence of magnetic and structural properties of these alloys on Cr concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Froideval
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Nuclear Energy and Safety, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Gámez L, Martínez E, Perlado J, Cepas P, Caturla M, Victoria M, Marian J, Arévalo C, Hernández M, Gómez D. Kinetic Monte Carlo modelling of neutron irradiation damage in iron. Fusion Engineering and Design 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ferreira M, Xavier M, Fumian T, Victoria M, Oliveira S, Pena L, Leite J, Miagostovich M. Acute gastroenteritis cases associated with noroviruses infection in the state of Rio de Janeiro. J Med Virol 2007; 80:338-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gavillet
- a Swiss Federal Institute for Reactor Research (EIR) , 5303 , Wiirenlingen , Switzerland
| | - W. V. Green
- a Swiss Federal Institute for Reactor Research (EIR) , 5303 , Wiirenlingen , Switzerland
| | - M. Victoria
- a Swiss Federal Institute for Reactor Research (EIR) , 5303 , Wiirenlingen , Switzerland
| | - J. L. Martin
- b IGA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne , 1015 , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Wang YM, Bringa EM, Victoria M, Caro A, McNaney JM, Smith R, Remington BA. Deformation of nanocrystalline materials at ultrahigh strain rates – microstructure perspective in nanocrystalline nickel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006134140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Gasparotto M, Andreani R, Boccaccini L, Cardella A, Federici G, Giancarli L, Le Marois G, Maisonnier D, Malang S, Moeslang A, Poitevin Y, van der Schaaf B, Victoria M. Survey of in-vessel candidate materials for fusion power plants—the European materials R&D programme. Fusion Engineering and Design 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Samaras M, Derlet PM, Van Swygenhoven H, Victoria M. Computer simulation of displacement cascades in nanocrystalline ni. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:125505. [PMID: 11909475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale molecular dynamics of cascade production of the primary damage state are performed in fcc nanocrystalline Ni of average grain diameters of 5 and 12 nm. Primary knock-on atom kinetic energies of 5-30 keV are simulated. During the thermal spike phase, significant atomic motion towards the surrounding grain boundary structure is observed, characterized by many replacement-collision sequences. Upon resolidification, the excess volume condenses to form vacancy dominated defects with a complex partial dislocation network forming at higher energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samaras
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Jensen KO, Eldrup M, Singh BN, Victoria M. Helium bubble in aluminium studied by positron annihilation: determination of bubble parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/18/6/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Spaczér M, Caro A, Victoria M. Evidence of amorphization in molecular-dynamics simulations on irradiated intermetallic NiAl. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:7171-7178. [PMID: 9979659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Spaczér M, Caro A, Victoria M. Computer simulations of disordering kinetics in irradiated intermetallic compounds. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:13204-13213. [PMID: 9975511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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