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Cancela F, Icasuriaga R, Cuevas S, Hergatacorzian V, Olivera M, Panzera Y, Pérez R, López J, Borzacconi L, González E, Montaldo N, Gaitán M, López-Verges S, Bortagaray V, Victoria M, Colina R, Arbiza J, Berois M, Mirazo S. Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission. Viruses 2023; 15:2006. [PMID: 37896784 PMCID: PMC10612089 DOI: 10.3390/v15102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emergent zoonotic disease of increasing concern in developed regions. HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated food in high-income countries and is classified into at least 13 subtypes (3a-3n), based on p-distance values from complete genomes. In Latin America, HEV epidemiology studies are very scant. Our group has previously detected HEV3 in clinical cases, swine, wild boars, captive white-collared peccaries, and spotted deer from Uruguay. Herein, we aimed to provide novel insights and an updated overview of the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic HEV in Uruguay, including data from wastewater-based surveillance studies. A thorough analysis of HEV whole genomes and partial ORF2 sequences from Uruguayan human and domestic pig strains showed that they formed a separate monophyletic cluster with high nucleotide identity and exhibited p-distance values over the established cut-off (0.093) compared with reference subtypes' sequences. Furthermore, we found an overall prevalence of 10.87% (10/92) in wastewater, where two samples revealed a close relationship with humans, and animal reservoirs/hosts isolates from Uruguay. In conclusion, a single, new HEV-3 subtype currently circulates in different epidemiological settings in Uruguay, and we propose its designation as 3o along with its reference sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cancela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (F.C.)
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Romina Icasuriaga
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (F.C.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Hergatacorzian
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Mauricio Olivera
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (R.P.)
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (R.P.)
| | - Julieta López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Liliana Borzacconi
- Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Elizabeth González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Montaldo
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Melissa Gaitán
- Departamento de Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá 0801, Panama
| | - Sandra López-Verges
- Departamento de Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá 0801, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Senacyt, Panamá 0801, Panama
| | - Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay (M.V.)
| | - Matías Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay (M.V.)
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay (M.V.)
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Mabel Berois
- Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay (N.M.)
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (F.C.)
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Bortagaray V, Gamazo P, Castro S, Grilli M, Colina R, Victoria M. Comparison of the risk of infection of human rotavirus and astrovirus according to fishing and swimming activities at Las Cañas beach, Uruguay. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3523-3533. [PMID: 36000509 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the risk of human Rotavirus (RV) and Astrovirus (HAstV) infections for swimmers and fishers at Las Cañas beach, Uruguay. METHODS AND RESULTS Surface water samples were collected monthly for one year. The dose response models used were β Poisson and 1 F1 hypergeometric for RV and HAstV, respectively. The probabilities of infection were calculated using a kernel density estimate to fitting the data and then sampling from this distribution (Monte Carlo simulation). The probability of RV infection for fishers was between 0 and 65% and for swimmers was between 0 and 50% (<18 years old) and between 0 and 38% (>18 years old). For HAstV, the probability of infection for fishers was between 0% and 45% and for swimmers was between 0 and 38% (<18 years old) and between 0 and 18% (>18 years old). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that fishers are at higher risk of infection for both viruses when compared with swimmers mainly due to higher viral frequency and concentration at the site for fishing activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study highlights the different risk of infection for Rotavirus and Astrovirus, determined according to two popular activities such as swimming and fishing evidencing their negative impact in public health when contaminated waters are used mainly in developing countries like Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Gamazo
- Department of Water, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Castro
- Department of Mathematics and Estadistic from litoral (DMEL), CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Grilli
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Matias Victoria
- Laboratorio of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Rego N, Salazar C, Paz M, Costábile A, Fajardo A, Ferrés I, Perbolianachis P, Fernández-Calero T, Noya V, Machado MR, Brandes M, Arce R, Arleo M, Possi T, Reyes N, Bentancor MN, Lizasoain A, Bortagaray V, Moller A, Chappos O, Nin N, Hurtado J, Duquía M, González MB, Griffero L, Méndez M, Techera MP, Zanetti J, Pereira E, Rivera B, Maidana M, Alonso M, Smircich P, Arantes I, Mir D, Alonso C, Medina J, Albornoz H, Colina R, Bello G, Moreno P, Moratorio G, Iraola G, Spangenberg L. Emergence and Spread of a B.1.1.28-Derived P.6 Lineage with Q675H and Q677H Spike Mutations in Uruguay. Viruses 2021; 13:1801. [PMID: 34578382 PMCID: PMC8473254 DOI: 10.3390/v13091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uruguay controlled the viral dissemination during the first nine months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unfortunately, towards the end of 2020, the number of daily new cases exponentially increased. Herein, we analyzed the country-wide genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between November 2020 and April 2021. We identified that the most prevalent viral variant during the first epidemic wave in Uruguay (December 2020-February 2021) was a B.1.1.28 sublineage carrying Spike mutations Q675H + Q677H, now designated as P.6, followed by lineages P.2 and P.7. P.6 probably arose around November 2020, in Montevideo, Uruguay's capital department, and rapidly spread to other departments, with evidence of further local transmission clusters; it also spread sporadically to the USA and Spain. The more efficient dissemination of lineage P.6 with respect to P.2 and P.7 and the presence of mutations (Q675H and Q677H) in the proximity of the key cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary suggest that P.6 may be more transmissible than other lineages co-circulating in Uruguay. Although P.6 was replaced by the variant of concern (VOC) P.1 as the predominant lineage in Uruguay since April 2021, the monitoring of the concurrent emergence of Q675H + Q677H in VOCs should be of worldwide interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rego
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.R.); (T.F.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Cecilia Salazar
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.S.); (I.F.)
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Mercedes Paz
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alicia Costábile
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (A.F.); (P.P.); (R.A.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro Fajardo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (A.F.); (P.P.); (R.A.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Ferrés
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.S.); (I.F.)
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Paula Perbolianachis
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (A.F.); (P.P.); (R.A.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Tamara Fernández-Calero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.R.); (T.F.-C.); (M.B.)
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Noya
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (V.N.); (M.A.); (T.P.); (N.R.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Matias R. Machado
- Protein Engineering, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Mariana Brandes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.R.); (T.F.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Arce
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (A.F.); (P.P.); (R.A.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (V.N.); (M.A.); (T.P.); (N.R.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Mailen Arleo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (V.N.); (M.A.); (T.P.); (N.R.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Tania Possi
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (V.N.); (M.A.); (T.P.); (N.R.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Natalia Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (V.N.); (M.A.); (T.P.); (N.R.); (M.N.B.)
| | - María Noel Bentancor
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Sanatorio Americano, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (V.N.); (M.A.); (T.P.); (N.R.); (M.N.B.)
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay; (A.L.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay; (A.L.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Ana Moller
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay; (A.L.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Odhille Chappos
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Nicolas Nin
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Español “Juan J. Crottogini”, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (N.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Javier Hurtado
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Español “Juan J. Crottogini”, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (N.N.); (J.H.)
| | - Melissa Duquía
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Belén González
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Luciana Griffero
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Mauricio Méndez
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Pía Techera
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Juan Zanetti
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Emiliano Pereira
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Bernardina Rivera
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (B.R.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Matías Maidana
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (B.R.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Alonso
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (B.R.); (M.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Genomics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, MEC, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
- Laboratory of Molecular Interactions, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ighor Arantes
- Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Daiana Mir
- Unidad de Genómica y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay;
| | - Cecilia Alonso
- Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha 27000, Uruguay; (O.C.); (M.D.); (M.B.G.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (M.P.T.); (J.Z.); (E.P.); (C.A.)
| | - Julio Medina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (J.M.); (H.A.)
- Dirección General de Salud, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Henry Albornoz
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (J.M.); (H.A.)
- Dirección General de Salud, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay; (A.L.); (V.B.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Pilar Moreno
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (A.F.); (P.P.); (R.A.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (A.F.); (P.P.); (R.A.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (C.S.); (I.F.)
- Centro de Innovación en Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (M.P.); (A.C.)
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile 8580745, Chile
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lucía Spangenberg
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.R.); (T.F.-C.); (M.B.)
- Department of Informatics and Computer Science, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
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Rego N, Costábile A, Paz M, Salazar C, Perbolianachis P, Spangenberg L, Ferrés I, Arce R, Fajardo A, Arleo M, Possi T, Reyes N, Bentancor MN, Lizasoain A, Benítez MJ, Bortagaray V, Moller A, Bello G, Arantes I, Brandes M, Smircich P, Chappos O, Duquía M, González B, Griffero L, Méndez M, Techera MP, Zanetti J, Rivera B, Maidana M, Alonso M, Alonso C, Medina J, Albornoz H, Colina R, Noya V, Iraola G, Fernández-Calero T, Moratorio G, Moreno P. Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern, Uruguay. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2957-2960. [PMID: 34437831 PMCID: PMC8544970 DOI: 10.3201/eid2711.211198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a genomic surveillance program for real-time monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) in Uruguay. We report on a PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, the surveillance workflow, and multiple independent introductions and community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 VOC in Uruguay.
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Bortagaray V, Girardi V, Pou S, Lizasoain A, Tort LFL, Spilki FR, Colina R, Victoria M. Detection, Quantification, and Microbial Risk Assessment of Group A Rotavirus in Rivers from Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2020; 12:89-98. [PMID: 31792742 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect, quantify, and assess the risk of infection and illness for Group A Rotavirus (RVA) in the watersheds of the Santa Lucia and Uruguay rivers in Uruguay. Monthly sampling was carried out for one year in six sites in the watershed of the Santa Lucía River and four in the Uruguay River. All the collection sites are used for recreational activities. Viral concentration was performed with the adsorption-elution method, and detection and quantification of RVA was carried out by TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR). Quantitative microbial risk assessment was applied to estimate the daily and annual risk of RVA infection, as well as the daily risk of illness considering direct exposure through recreational activity. RVA was detected in 42% (20/48) of the analyzed samples in the Uruguay River and 40% (29/72) in the Santa Lucía River. The virus was present in all the analyzed points in both watersheds. A pattern of seasonality, characterized by a higher detection frequency of the virus during coldest month of the year, was observed in both basins. The mean concentration for RVA was 1.3 × 105 genomic copies/L. The microbiological risk assessment shows that Santa Lucía watershed presented the highest daily risk of infection (6.41E-01) and illness (3.20E-01) estimated for the point downstream of Florida City; meanwhile for Uruguay River, the highest probabilities of infection (6.82E-01) and illness (3.41E-01) were estimated for the collection site for drinking water intake in Salto city. These results suggest that RVA contamination of these important rivers negatively impact on their microbiological quality since they are used for recreation and drinking water intake, demonstrating that the disposal of waste from cities located in their riverside confers a constant threat of infection for the general population, especially for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Viviane Girardi
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Pou
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences (INICSA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, CONICET and Biostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical SciencesNational University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Luis Fernando López Tort
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Laboratório de Saúde Única, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matias Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay.
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Bortagaray V, Lizasoain A, Piccini C, Gillman L, Berois M, Pou S, Díaz MDP, Tort FL, Colina R, Victoria M. Microbial Source Tracking Analysis Using Viral Indicators in Santa Lucía and Uruguay Rivers, Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2019; 11:259-267. [PMID: 30945138 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the origin (human, bovine or porcine) and the concentration of the fecal sources of contamination in waters from Santa Lucía basin and Uruguay River in Uruguay by using host-specific viral markers (adenoviruses and polyomaviruses) as microbial source tracking (MST). Between June 2015 and May 2016, monthly collections of surface water samples were performed in six sites in Santa Lucía basin and four sites in Uruguay River (n = 120 samples). Viral concentration was carried out using an absorption-elution method. Detection and quantification of human and porcine adenovirus (HAdV and PAdV, respectively) and human and bovine polyomavirus (HPyV and BoPyV, respectively) were performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). To evaluate the infectivity of circulating HAdV, an integrated cell culture-qPCR (ICC-qPCR) was used. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the influence of environmental variables on the virus presence in surface waters. Overall, HAdV was the prevalent (18%; 21/120) followed by BoPyV (11%; 13/120) and HPyV (3%; 3/120), whereas PAdV was not detected in this study. The mean concentration ranged from 1.5 × 104 genomic copies/L (gc/L) for HAdV to 1.8 × 102 gc/L for HPyV. Infective HAdVs were observed in two out of ten analyzed samples. A significant effect of environmental temperature (p = 0.001) and river (p = 0.012) on the presence of human viruses was found. These results suggest that fecal contamination could affect the water quality of these rivers, showing deficiencies in the procedure of sewage discharge from regional cities, livestock and dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bortagaray
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Piccini
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Gillman
- Virology Section, School of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mabel Berois
- Virology Section, School of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sonia Pou
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences (INICSA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, CONICET and Biostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Pilar Díaz
- Institute of Research in Health Sciences (INICSA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, CONICET and Biostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando López Tort
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Victoria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay.
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Salvo M, Lizasoain A, Castells M, Bortagaray V, Castro S, Colina R, Tort FL, Victoria M. Human Bocavirus: Detection, Quantification and Molecular Characterization in Sewage and Surface Waters in Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2018; 10:193-200. [PMID: 29299861 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are related to respiratory and gastroenteric diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HBoV in both sewage and surface waters in Uruguay. Sixty-eight sewage samples from the cities of Salto, Paysandú, Bella Unión, Fray Bentos, Treinta y Tres and Melo and 36 surface water samples from the cities of Salto, Florida and Santa Lucía were studied. HBoV was screened by multiplex qPCR for the detection of the four subtypes, followed by monoplex qPCRs for the independent quantification of each subtype. A qualitative PCR followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for molecular characterization of HBoV strains. HBoV was present in a high frequency (69%) in sewage and only one positive sample (3%) was found in surface water. Concerning sewage samples, HBoV1 was detected in 11 (23%) out of the 47 positives samples, with a mean concentration of 8.2 × 104 genomic copies/Liter (gc/L), HBoV3 was detected in 35 (74%) of the positive samples with a mean concentration of 4.1 × 106 gc/L and subtypes 2 and/or 4 were detected in 39 (83%) of the positive samples with a mean concentration of 7.8 × 106 gc/L. After the phylogenetic analysis performed by a Bayesian approach, the four HBoV subtypes were confirmed. This is the first study determining a high frequency of HBoV and the presence of the four HBoV subtypes in aquatic matrices in Latin America, mainly in sewage. Although HBoV was scarcely detected in surface water, a waterborne transmission is likely to occur if people enter in contact with polluted surface waters for recreational activities such as fishing or swimming since an elevated frequency of HBoV was detected in raw sewage which is usually directly discharged into surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Salvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Castells
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Bortagaray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Castro
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics of Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Lopez Tort
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Victoria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay.
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