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Traverso F, Aicardi S, Bozzo M, Zinni M, Amaroli A, Galli L, Candiani S, Vanin S, Ferrando S. New Insights into Geometric Morphometry Applied to Fish Scales for Species Identification. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1090. [PMID: 38612329 PMCID: PMC11010809 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The possibility of quick and cheap recognition of a fish species from a single dermal scale would be interesting in a wide range of contexts. The methods of geometric morphometry appear to be quite promising, although wide studies comparing different approaches are lacking. We aimed to apply two methods of geometric morphometry, landmark-based and outline-based, on a dataset of scales from five different teleost species: Danio rerio, Dicentrarchus labrax, Mullus surmuletus, Sardina pilchardus, and Sparus aurata. For the landmark-based method the R library "geomorph" was used. Some issues about landmark selection and positioning were addressed and, for the first time on fish scales, an approach with both landmarks and semilandmarks was set up. For the outline-based method the R library "Momocs" was used. Despite the relatively low number of scales analyzed (from 11 to 81 for each species), both methods achieved quite good clustering of all the species. In particular, the landmark-based method used here gave generally higher R2 values in testing species clustering than the outline-based method, but it failed to distinguish between a few couples of species; on the other hand, the outline-based method seemed to catch the differences among all the couples except one. Larger datasets have the potential to achieve better results with outline-based geometric morphometry. This latter method, being free from the problem of recognizing and positioning landmarks, is also the most suitable for being automatized in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Traverso
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Aicardi
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bozzo
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Zinni
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Loris Galli
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Vanin
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina, 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Norese C, Nicosia E, Cortese K, Gentili V, Rizzo R, Rizzo S, Grasselli E, De Negri Atanasio G, Gagliani MC, Tiso M, Zinni M, Pulliero A, Izzotti A. SARS-CoV-2 presence in recreational seawater and evaluation of intestine permeability: experimental evidence of low impact on public health. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326453. [PMID: 38500723 PMCID: PMC10944960 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coastal seawater pollution poses a public health risk due to the potential ingestion of contaminated water during recreational activities. Wastewater-based epidemiology has revealed the abundant presence of SARS-CoV-2 in seawater emitted from wastewater outlets. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of seawater on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity to assess the safety of recreational activities in seawater. Methods Wild SARS-CoV-2 was collected from oral swabs of COVID-19 affected patients and incubated for up to 90 min using the following solutions: (a) standard physiological solution (control), (b) reconstructed seawater (3.5% NaCl), and (c) authentic seawater (3.8%). Samples were then exposed to two different host systems: (a) Vero E6 cells expressing the ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 receptor and (b) 3D multi-tissue organoids reconstructing the human intestine. The presence of intracellular virus inside the host systems was determined using plaque assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and transmission electron microscopy. Results Ultrastructural examination of Vero E6 cells revealed the presence of virus particles at the cell surface and in replicative compartments inside cells treated with seawater and/or reconstituted water only for samples incubated up to 2 min. After a 90-min incubation, the presence of the virus and its infectivity in Vero E6 cells was reduced by 90%. Ultrastructural analysis performed in 3D epi-intestinal tissue did not reveal intact viral particles or infection signs, despite the presence of viral nucleic acid detected by qPCR. Indeed, viral genes (Orf1ab and N) were found in the intestinal luminal epithelium but not in the enteric capillaries. These findings suggest that the intestinal tissue is not a preferential entry site for SARS-CoV-2 in the human body. Additionally, the presence of hypertonic saline solution did not increase the susceptibility of the intestinal epithelium to virus penetration; rather, it neutralized its infectivity. Conclusion Our results indicate that engaging in recreational activities in a seawater environment does not pose a significant risk for COVID-19 infection, despite the possible presence of viral nucleic acid deriving from degraded and fragmented viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Norese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Nicosia
- Regione Liguria, Environmental Department, Ligurian Region, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Gentili
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA, Clinical Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia De Negri Atanasio
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Tiso
- MICAMO, Spin-Off Department of Earth Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Zinni
- MICAMO, Spin-Off Department of Earth Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Izzotti
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- HSM, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Galli L, Zinni M, Shrubovych J, Colasanto E. Is Acerentomon italicum Nosek, 1969 (Protura: Acerentomidae) a species complex? REV SUISSE ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loris Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita – Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Zinni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita – Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Julia Shrubovych
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Pl 31-016 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elisa Colasanto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita – Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy
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Abstract
Protura are known all over the world with more than 800 described species belonging to three different orders (Acerentomata, Sinentomata, and Eosentomata) and seven families (Hesperentomidae, Protentomidae, Acerentomidae, Fujientomidae, Sinentomidae, Eosentomidae, and Antelientomidae). At present 76 genera are known worldwide. In this paper a description of the diagnostic characters of these genera and an updated key for their identification are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Julia Shrubovych
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Pl 31-016 Krakow, Poland.,State Museum of Natural History, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Teatral'na 18, UA 79008 Lviv, Ukraine.,Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yun Bu
- Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, 399 Shanhaiguan Road, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Matteo Zinni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Galli L, Capurro M, Lionetti G, Zinni M. <i>Acerentulus</i> <i>tortii</i> sp. nov. from Greece (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa 2017; 4232:zootaxa.4232.3.12. [PMID: 28264374 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of Protura, Acerentulus tortii sp. nov., from the island of Euboea, central Greece, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the A. cunhai species group, based on a short foretarsal sensillum a not reaching seta γ3, and sensilla b and c subequal in length. The most similar species are A. christensoni (Ewing, 1940) and A. rafalskii Szeptycki, 1979), from which A. tortii sp. nov. differs by the porotaxy of sternite III and the lengths of various foretarsal sensilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Galli
- Dipartimento di scienze della terra, dell'ambiente e della vita - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy..
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Galli L, Capurro M, Costa F, Stadio GD, Sarà A, Zinni M. Redescription of two European species of Acerentomidae (Protura) belonging to the Italian fauna. Zootaxa 2016; 4154:303-15. [PMID: 27615841 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4154.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Acerentulus apuliacus Rusek & Stumpp, 1988 is redescribed based on new specimens collected in Apulia and Basilicata (S-Italy) and deposited in the collection of Geneva Natural History Museum. Podolinella ruseki (Nosek, 1967) new combination is redescribed, based on the holotype from Austria and additional specimens collected in Liguria, NW Italy. The new material is deposited in the collection of the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Matteo Capurro
- Centro Studi BioNaturalistici, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; unknown
| | - Fabio Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; unknown
| | - Gabriele Di Stadio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; unknown
| | - Antonio Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; unknown
| | - Matteo Zinni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; unknown
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Miller M, Chukoskie L, Zinni M, Townsend J, Trauner D. Dyspraxia, motor function and visual-motor integration in autism. Behav Brain Res 2014; 269:95-102. [PMID: 24742861 PMCID: PMC4072207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This project assessed dyspraxia in high-functioning school aged children with autism with a focus on Ideational Praxis. We examined the association of specific underlying motor function including eye movement with ideational dyspraxia (sequences of skilled movements) as well as the possible role of visual-motor integration in dyspraxia. We found that compared to IQ-, sex- and age-matched typically developing children, the children with autism performed significantly worse on: Ideational and Buccofacial praxis; a broad range of motor tests, including measures of simple motor skill, timing and accuracy of saccadic eye movements and motor coordination; and tests of visual-motor integration. Impairments in individual children with autism were heterogeneous in nature, although when we examined the praxis data as a function of a qualitative measure representing motor timing, we found that children with poor motor timing performed worse on all praxis categories and had slower and less accurate eye movements while those with regular timing performed as well as typical children on those same tasks. Our data provide evidence that both motor function and visual-motor integration contribute to dyspraxia. We suggest that dyspraxia in autism involves cerebellar mechanisms of movement control and the integration of these mechanisms with cortical networks implicated in praxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miller
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Chukoskie
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Zinni
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0959, La Jolla, CA 92093-0959, USA
| | - J Townsend
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0959, La Jolla, CA 92093-0959, USA.
| | - D Trauner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0959, La Jolla, CA 92093-0959, USA
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Zinni M, Martinez A, Parasuraman R, Hillyard S. Attention spreads to unattended features of an object. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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