Epidemiological insights into paratuberculosis in camels in Saudi Arabia: Bayesian estimation of true prevalence and identification of risk factors

Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a significant concern in the camel population of Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to provide epidemiological insights into the disease by estimating the true prevalence in camels in the Eastern Province and Riyadh, using a Bayesian estimation framework, and exploring the associated risk factors through a frequentist approach. A total of 1200 camel blood samples were collected and analyzed using an indirect ELISA method. The true herd-level prevalence was estimated at 0.7 (95% probability interval: 0.57 to 0.81), and the mean expected true animal-level prevalence was 0.17 (0.14 to 0.20). Risk factors associated with Map seropositivity were identified, including sex, breed, raising system, and production type. Females, single breed camels, and nomadic raising systems were found to have lower odds of seropositivity, while camels used for racing and show had significantly higher odds. The study's Bayesian approach, adjusting for the imperfect accuracy of MAP tests, provides a nuanced understanding of the disease's prevalence in the region. The integration of true prevalence estimates with risk factor analysis offers a comprehensive framework that can guide future policies and strategies in the fight against paratuberculosis in Saudi Arabia. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted control measures, underscoring the urgent need for interventions in Saudi Arabia's camel population. By understanding the true disease prevalence and its associated risk factors, we can enhance disease management strategies, offering valuable insights for future control and eradication efforts in the region.

Single Atom Alloys Segregation in the Presence of Ligands

Single atom alloys (SAAs) have gained remarkable attention due to their tunable properties leading to enhanced catalytic performance, such as high activity and selectivity. The stability of SAAs is dictated by surface segregation, which can be affected by the presence of surface adsorbates. Research efforts have primarily focused on the effect of commonly found catalytic reaction intermediates, such as CO and H, on the stability of SAAs. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding the effect of ligands from colloidal nanoparticle (NP) synthesis on surface segregation. Herein, we combine density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning to investigate the effect of thiol and amine ligands on the stability of colloidal SAAs. DFT calculations revealed rich segregation energy (Eseg) data of SAAs with d8 (Pt, Pd, Ni) and d9 (Ag, Au, Cu) metals exposing (111) and (100) surfaces, in the presence and absence of ligands. Using these data, we developed an accurate four-feature neural network using a multilayer perceptron regression (NN MLP) model. The model captures the underlying physics behind surface segregation in the presence of adsorbed ligands by incorporating features representing the thermodynamic stability of metals through the bulk cohesive energy, structural effects using the coordination number of the dopant and the ligands, the binding strength of the adsorbate to the metals, strain effects using the Wigner-Seitz radius, and electronic effects through electron affinities. We found that the presence of ligands makes the thermodynamics of segregation milder compared to the bare (nonligated) SAA surfaces. Importantly, the adsorption configuration (e.g., top vs bridge) and the binding strength of the ligand to the SAA surface (e.g., amines vs thiols) play an important role in altering the Eseg trends compared to the bare surface. We also developed an accurate NN MLP model that predicts Eseg in the presence of ligands to find thermodynamically stable SAAs, leading to the rapid and efficient screening of colloidal SAAs. Our model captures several experimental observations and elucidates complex physics governing segregation at nanoscale interfaces.

Phosphine interacting with argon: potential energy surface and line widths of PH3 perturbed by Ar

The phosphine-Ar (PH₃-Ar) van der Waals complex's three-dimensional potential energy surface (3D-PES) was mapped along the intermonomer coordinates using the explicitly correlated Coupled Clusters approach. An analytical expansion of this 3D-PES is deduced. The complex characteristics of the intermolecular interactions between PH₃ and Ar, which are at the origin of the pressure broadening of the PH₃ rovibrational lines, are accurately described by this 3D-PES. Afterwards, the broadening of the phosphine lines perturbed by Ar at room temperature is computed using this 3D-PES. To be able to incorporate this 3D-PES into our collisional broadening computation software, we first modified it with a new "fractional" function. Then, we used the semiclassical Modified Robert and Bonamy model improved by the so-called notion of exact trajectory. For various branches of the ν₂ and ν₄ PH₃ rovibrational bands, room temperature data are provided. Our data agree with the experimental measurements. The precise estimation of PH₃ and Ar abundances in planetary atmosphere spectra should benefit greatly from the data provided here.

Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

BACKGROUND

Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications.

METHODS

We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC).

FINDINGS

In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]).

INTERPRETATION

In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required.

FUNDING

British Journal of Surgery Society.

Contemporary trends can be revealed in an enquiry of presentations at a surgical symposium

Aims

Ascertain whether a demographic analysis of the archives of an annual national meeting head and neck section could reflect contemporary issues in our specialty and compare the results with available analysis from other ORL-HNS meetings.

Materials and methods

A review of all accepted abstracts of Sylvester O’Halloran Symposium—H&N section, from 2005 to 2020.

Results

ORL-HNS was responsible for 77% of the accepted abstracts. Presentations on H&N Malignancy were predominantly from ORL-HNS (84%), while Thyroid presentations were divided with General Surgery (45%). Medical students have appeared in recent years and produced 4% of papers at the last meeting while more junior presenters are participating with an increasing female preponderance (ranging from 7 to 53%). The overall publication rate was 27%, where male authors had a rate of 28% and females 22%. Similar papers published subsequent to the relevant meeting were identified from other institutions in 40% of presentations.

Conclusion

This review of presentations at a surgical meeting provides an insight into contemporary issues involving our specialty and lays down markers or challenges for organisers and presenters alike. Presentations on H&N Malignancy have become almost exclusively ORL-HNS, while Thyroid presentations are becoming more valorised to General Surgery and Facial Plastics with our colleagues in Plastic Surgery and Maxillofacial. Our publication rate of 27% is similar to other ORL-HNS meetings. Approximately 10% are published over 5 years after the meeting but presenters should endeavour to publish earlier as others may usurp publication in up to 40% of presentations.

Predicting Segregation Energy in Single Atom Alloys Using Physics and Machine Learning

Single atom alloys (SAAs) show great promise as catalysts for a wide variety of reactions due to their tunable properties, which can enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity. To design SAAs, it is imperative for the heterometal dopant to be stable on the surface as an active catalytic site. One main approach to probe SAA stability is to calculate surface segregation energy. Density functional theory (DFT) can be applied to investigate the surface segregation energy in SAAs. However, DFT is computationally expensive and time-consuming; hence, there is a need for accelerated frameworks to screen metal segregation for new SAA catalysts across combinations of metal hosts and dopants. To this end, we developed a model that predicts surface segregation energy using machine learning for a series of SAA periodic slabs. The model leverages elemental descriptors and features inspired by the previously developed bond-centric model. The initial model accurately captures surface segregation energy across a diverse series of FCC-based SAAs with various surface facets and metal-host pairs. Following our machine learning methodology, we expanded our analysis to develop a new model for SAAs formed from FCC hosts with FCC, BCC, and HCP dopants. Our final, five-feature model utilizes second-order polynomial kernel ridge regression. The model is able to predict segregation energies with a high degree of accuracy, which is due to its physically motivated features. We then expanded our data set to test the accuracy of the five features used. We find that the retrained model can accurately capture E _seg trends across different metal hosts and facets, confirming the significance of the features used in our final model. Finally, we apply our pretrained model to a series of Ir- and Pd-based SAA cuboctahedron nanoparticles (NPs), ranging in size and FCC dopants. Remarkably, our model (trained on periodic slabs) accurately predicts the DFT segregation energies of the SAA NPs. The results provide further evidence supporting the use of our model as a general tool for the rapid prediction of SAA segregation energies. By creating a framework to predict the metal segregation from bulk surfaces to NPs, we can accelerate the SAA catalyst design while simultaneously unraveling key physicochemical properties driving thermodynamic stabilization of SAAs.

No IV hydration vs IV hydration in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background

Iodinated contrast is commonly utilized in modern medicine. However, it does not come free of risks. Incidence of contrast induced nephropathy is estimated to be 1% to 6% and can be as high as 50% in patients at high risk. IV hydration is routinely used to prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN). Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that no hydration is not inferior to hydration in prevention of CIN.

Objective

To evaluate the risk of forgoing IV hydration in patients undergoing procedures utilizing iodinated IV contrast.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE databases for RCTs comparing no IV hydration to IV hydration in patients undergoing procedures utilizing IV iodinated contrast such as CT contrast and coronary interventions. Studies comparing any preventive measure to IV hydration were excluded. 6 RCTs were extracted that match our search criteria (1–6). 3 RCTs included patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and 3 RCTs included patients with CKD stage III undergoing contrast CT. Outcome evaluated was the risk of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in no IV hydration group compared to IV hydration group. Analysis was conducted initially using all 6 RCTs. Additional analysis was conducted using studies limited to contrast CT in patients with stage III chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3,5,6).

Results

A total of 1938 patients (972 in no IV hydration group vs 966 in IV hydration group) were analyzed from 6 RCTs. CIN occurred in 111 (11.4%) in no IV hydration group and in 62 (6.4%) in IV hydration group. Relative risk of CIN in no IV hydration group was 1.75 [95% CI 1.31–2.33, P=0.0001, I2=0%] (Figure 1).

In our analysis utilizing trials limited to contrast CT in patients with CKD stage III, a total of 1261 patients (634 in no hydration group vs 627 in IV hydration group) were analyzed from 3 RCTs. 2 trials utilized IV sodium bicarbonate and 1 used IV normal saline in IV hydration arm. CIN occurred in 21 (3.3%) who did not receive prophylactic IV hydration and in 17 (2.7%) received IV hydration. There was no increased risk of CIN in patients who did not receive IV hydration in patients with CKD stage III underwent contrast CT. Relative risk was 1.24 [95% CI 0.66–2.32, P=0.51, I2=0%] (Figure 2).

Conclusion

In patients with CKD stage III undergoing IV contrast CT scans, withholding IV hydration is not associated with increased risk of CIN compared to IV hydration. Nevertheless, this conclusion does not apply to patients undergoing coronary intervention. The difference in outcome could be explained by the population undergoing coronary interventions which is typically higher risk, and the dose of contrast which is typically higher in coronary interventions than in contrast CT.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2

Restrictive vs liberal blood transfusion strategy in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease: meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials

Background

Anemia is common in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Observational studies investigated blood transfusion threshold in symptomatic coronary artery disease but results were conflicting. Meta-analyses evaluating transfusion threshold utilized data mainly from observational trials but no meta-analysis, to our knowledge, used data solely from randomized clinical trials.

Objective

The goal of our study is to evaluate efficacy and safety outcomes in anemic patients presenting with symptomatic coronary artery disease using pooled data from randomized clinical trials.

Methods

We queried Medline, Embase and Cochrane data bases for randomized clinical trials comparing restrictive blood transfusion (defined as transfusion when hemoglobin is less than 8 gm/dl) vs liberal blood transfusion (transfusion when hemoglobin is less than 10 gm/dl) in patients presenting with symptomatic artery disease or acute coronary syndrome. We identified 3 randomized controlled trials; MINT, CRIT and REALITY trials. Data were pooled from 3 trials. Efficacy outcomes evaluated were all-cause mortality and New or recurrent myocardial infarction. Safety outcomes were congestive heart failure at 30-day follow up.

Results

A total of 820 patients were included in our meta-analysis; 420 patients in restrictive blood transfusion protocol and 400 in liberal blood transfusion protocol

There was no difference between two groups at 30-day follow up in all identified outcomes (all-cause mortality, new or recurrent myocardial infarction, and Congestive heart failure).

55 patients died (22/420 in restrictive group and 33/400 in liberal group). Risk ratio of all-cause mortality in restrictive group was 0.63 [95% CI (0.38–1.07), P=0.09, I2=30%].

15/420 in restrictive group and 16/400 in liberal group had new or recurrent myocardial infarction. Risk ratio of myocardial infarction in restrictive group was 0.91 [95% CI (0.46–1.80), P=0.78, I2=0%].

20/420 patients in restrictive group and 24/400 in liberal group had congestive heart failure with risk ratio of 0.80 [95% CI (0.19–3.37), P=0.30, I2=76%] in restrictive group.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis showed similar outcomes between restrictive and liberal transfusion policies in patients presenting with symptomatic coronary artery disease of acute myocardial infarction. Our findings are consistent with available data about restricting transfusion in general population. Restricting blood transfusion might be cost-effective. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long term safety and efficacy of such approach.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Polypill and its association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials

Background

Polypill or fixed dose combination pill (containing antihypertensive and cholesterol lowering agents) has shown, in multiple studies, to increase adherence and improve blood pressure and cholesterol measurements in at risk underprivileged populations. However, its long term effect on mortality, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in high risk groups is not well-established.

Objective

To assess mortality, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in higher risk patients using polypill containing fixed dose of Aspirin, antihypertensive drugs and Statin compared to standard care or placebo.

Methods

We queried MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and EMBASE databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing polypill containing Aspirin, Statin and at least 2 antihypertensive medications, to standard care or placebo in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We looked for trials including data about mortality, coronary and cerebrovascular events. We excluded trials that did not include outcomes of interest. 5 RCTs matching our criteria were included in our meta-analysis; UMPIRE 2013, IMPACT 2014, Kanyini GAP 2015, PolyIran 2019, and TIPS-3 2021.

Results

12828 patients (6419 in polypill vs 6409 in standard care/placebo groups) with known all-cause mortality, coronary events and cerebrovascular events outcomes were analyzed from 5 RCTs. For cardiovascular mortality outcome, 12205 patients (6108 in polypill vs 6097 in standard care/placebo groups) were analyzed from 4 RCTs since 1 RCT lacked data about cardiovascular mortality outcome. There was no difference between both groups in all four outcomes.

Risk ratio of all-cause morality and cardiovascular mortality in polypill group was 0.89 [95% CI 0.76–1.03, P=0.11, I2=0%] and 0.77 [95% CI 0.48–1.26, P=0.31, I2=59%] respectively (Figure 1).

Risk ratio of coronary events in polypill group was 0.88 [95% CI 0.64–1.20, P=0.41, I2=40%]. Relative risk of cerebrovascular events was 0.73 [95% CI 0.36–1.48, P=0.38, I2=63%] (Figure 2).

Conclusion

Polypill, despite being a practical solution to non-adherence in at risk underprivileged groups, does not improve mortality or major cardiovascular or cerebrovascular outcomes compared to standard care or placebo. Further efforts need to be made towards aggressive preventative measures and encouraging adherence to medications in groups at risk.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2

P617Early global longitudinal strain predicts late infarct size in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

Late infarct size (IS) after STEMI is a determinant of subsequent mortality. Late Gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-CMRI) is the gold standard for IS measurement, however, it is not readily accessible in many areas.

Aims

To evaluate the value of early baseline 2D-echocardiographic global longitudinal strain (GLS) for prediction of late IS after STEMI.

Methods

From October 2017 to July 2018, we studied 100 patients with their 1st anterior STEMI treated with a PPCI. Baseline GLS calculation was performed within 48 hours of admission. The average value of the 9 segments supplied by the LAD was assessed separately (anterior GLS). Infarct size was assessed 3 months later using LGE-CMRI, and large infarcts were defined as ≥20% LV myocardium covered by scar.

Results

Based on CMRI, patients were divided into 2 groups; 57 patients with large infarcts (group I) and 43 patients with small infarcts (group II). Both groups were matched in all baseline demographics and risk factors. There was a good and significant correlation between GLS and the degree of myocardium affected by scar (r=−0.840, P<0.001). This correlation was even higher for anterior GLS (r=−0.867, P<0.001). ROC analysis showed a cut-off point of GLS (−13%) that identified large late IS with a sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 88.4% respectively (AUC= 0.85). For anterior GLS, the cut-off point was −9.6% (Sensitivity 94%, specificity 86%, AUC= 0.9).

Baseline 2D-GLS & Late LGE-CMRI

Conclusion

Baseline GLS significantly predicts and correlates well with late IS after anterior STEMI.

Un syndrome de Budd-Chiari associé à une thrombose veineuse portomésentérique : mode de révélation inhabituel d’une hémoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne

Le syndrome de Budd-Chiari (SBC) est une maladie vasculaire du foie faisant suite souvent à une thrombose veineuse sus-hépatique. L’hémoglobinurie paroxystique nocturne (HPN), affection clonale acquise rare, réalise une des conditions prothrombotiques bien connues prédisposant au SBC primitif. L’association SBC–HPN est souvent rapportée sous forme de cas cliniques isolés ou de petites séries présentant des spécificités pronostiques et thérapeutiques. Nous rapportons le cas d’une fille de 27 ans ayant une HPN révélée dans le cadre du bilan étiologique d’un SBC, associé à des thromboses veineuses portale, mésentérique et à une embolie pulmonaire.

Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND

Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery.

METHODS

This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy.

RESULTS

Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI.

CONCLUSIONS

After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an Egyptian mixed breeding farm and comparative molecular characterisation of isolates from cattle, camels and cats – a case report

The present study records and investigates an outbreak of Johne’s Disease in a mixed breeding camel – cattle farm and the possible role of non-domestic non-ruminants animals in the epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Egypt. For this reason, faecal samples were collected from 24 dairy cattle and from 15 one humped Arabian camels suffering from diarrhoea. Moreover, intestinal tissue samples were provided from 7 cats and 2 rats that were caught from the same farm and were euthanized before necropsy. Samples were examined using traditional culture and IS900 PCR techniques together with the application of BstEII-IS900 RFLP for typing of obtained isolates. Interestingly, MAP was recovered from cattle (n=8) and from camels (n=3) and non-domestic cats (n=3) reared under local conditions in this farm in Egypt. The obtained results highlight the potential role of cats in the epidemiology of MAP, a subject which needs further investigation and might have a public health importance, catsbeing common members of many families.

Torsade de pointes and systemic azole antifungal agents: Analysis of global spontaneous safety reports

Background: Literature about torsade de pointes induced by azole antifungal agents is scarce, despite the well-known association. Furthermore, little is known about the latency time between commencing an azole antifungal agent and developing torsade de pointes. The objectives of the present study were therefore to identify all cases of torsade de pointes associated with systemic azole antifungal use reported to the WHO monitoring centre (Uppsala, Sweden) and to determine the latency times between commencing the azole and developing torsade de pointes. Methods: Investigator-driven, retrospective, descriptive analysis of post-marketing pharmacovigilance data regarding systemic azole antifungal agents and the development of torsade de pointes reported to the WHO monitoring centre 1995-2015. Results: 191 cases were reported as follows: fluconazole 130, itraconazole 22, ketoconazole 5, posaconazole 1, voriconazole 33. More than half of all cases involved concomitant suspected or interacting drugs. The median latency times between starting the azole and developing torsade de pointes ranged from 1 (posaconazole) - 9.5 days (itraconazole), range <1-250). Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of these features of azole-associated torsade de pointes, avoid interacting drugs if at all possible and monitor at-risk patients.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Cyclin G2 inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies owing to poor screening methods, non-specific symptoms and limited knowledge of the cellular targets that contribute to the disease. Cyclin G2 is an unconventional cyclin that acts to oppose cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of the cyclin G2 gene (CCNG2) in a variety of human cancers has been reported; however, the role of cyclin G2 in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of cyclin G2 in EOC. In vitro and in vivo studies using several EOC-derived tumor cell lines revealed that cyclin G2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and spheroid formation, as well as tumor formation and invasion. By interrogating cDNA microarray data sets, we found that CCGN2 mRNA is reduced in several large cohorts of human ovarian carcinoma when compared with normal ovarian surface epithelium or borderline tumors of the ovary. Mechanistically, cyclin G2 was found to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as demonstrated by the differential regulation of various EMT genes, such as Snail, Slug, vimentin and E-cadherin. Moreover, cyclin G2 potently suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by downregulating key Wnt components, namely LRP6, DVL2 and β-catenin, which could be linked to inhibition of EMT. Taken together, our novel findings demonstrate that cyclin G2 has potent tumor-suppressive effects in EOCs by inhibiting EMT through attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.