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Grondin A, Natividad MA, Ogata T, Jan A, Gaudin ACM, Trijatmiko KR, Liwanag E, Maruyama K, Fujita Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Nakashima K, Slamet-Loedin IH, Henry A. A Case Study from the Overexpression of OsTZF5, Encoding a CCCH Tandem Zinc Finger Protein, in Rice Plants Across Nineteen Yield Trials. Rice (N Y) 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38592643 PMCID: PMC11003944 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of transgenic rice overexpressing transcription factors involved in drought response has been previously reported to confer drought tolerance and therefore represents a means of crop improvement. We transformed lowland rice IR64 with OsTZF5, encoding a CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein, under the control of the rice LIP9 stress-inducible promoter and compared the drought response of transgenic lines and nulls to IR64 in successive screenhouse paddy and field trials up to the T6 generation. RESULTS Compared to the well-watered conditions, the level of drought stress across experiments varied from a minimum of - 25 to - 75 kPa at a soil depth of 30 cm which reduced biomass by 30-55% and grain yield by 1-92%, presenting a range of drought severities. OsTZF5 transgenic lines showed high yield advantage under drought over IR64 in early generations, which was related to shorter time to flowering, lower shoot biomass and higher harvest index. However, the increases in values for yield and related traits in the transgenics became smaller over successive generations despite continued detection of drought-induced transgene expression as conferred by the LIP9 promoter. The decreased advantage of the transgenics over generations tended to coincide with increased levels of homozygosity. Background cleaning of the transgenic lines as well as introgression of the transgene into an IR64 line containing major-effect drought yield QTLs, which were evaluated starting at the BC3F1 and BC2F3 generation, respectively, did not result in consistently increased yield under drought as compared to the respective checks. CONCLUSIONS Although we cannot conclusively explain the genetic factors behind the loss of yield advantage of the transgenics under drought across generations, our results help in distinguishing among potential drought tolerance mechanisms related to effectiveness of the transgenics, since early flowering and harvest index most closely reflected the levels of yield advantage in the transgenics across generations while reduced biomass did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Grondin
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement, Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Mignon A Natividad
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Takuya Ogata
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Asad Jan
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amélie C M Gaudin
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kurniawan R Trijatmiko
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Evelyn Liwanag
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Kyonoshin Maruyama
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakashima
- Food Program, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Inez H Slamet-Loedin
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
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Thathapalli Prakash P, Chebotarov D, Zhang J, Kudrna DA, Torres RO, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Song J, Maldonado CE, Hechanova SL, Jena K, Wing RA, Henry A. Oryza glumaepatula: A wild relative to improve drought tolerance in cultivated rice. Plant Physiol 2023; 193:2381-2397. [PMID: 37665979 PMCID: PMC10663109 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing drought-resistant rice (Oryza sativa, L.) is essential for improving field productivity, especially in rain-fed areas affected by climate change. Wild relatives of rice are potential sources for drought-resistant traits. Therefore, we compared root growth and drought response among 22 wild Oryza species, from which Oryza glumaepatula was selected as a promising source for further exploration. A geographically diverse panel of 69 O. glumaepatula accessions was then screened for drought stress-related traits, and 6 of these accessions showed lower shoot dry weight (SDW) reduction, greater percentage of deep roots, and lower stomatal density (STO) under drought than the drought tolerant O. sativa variety, Sahbhagi dhan. Based on whole-genome resequencing of all 69 O. glumaepatula accessions and variant calling to a high-quality O. glumaepatula reference genome, we detected multiple genomic loci colocating for SDW, root dry weight at 30 to 45 cm depth, and STO in consecutive drought trials. Geo-referencing indicated that the potential drought donors originated in flood-prone locations, corroborating previous hypotheses about the coexistence of flood and drought tolerance within individual Oryza genomes. These findings present potential donor accessions, traits, and genomic loci from an AA genome wild relative of rice that, together with the recently developed reference genome, may be useful for further introgression of drought tolerance into the O. sativa backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Thathapalli Prakash
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - David A Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rolando O Torres
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Mignon A Natividad
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Marinell R Quintana
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Jiaming Song
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Carlos E Maldonado
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sherry Lou Hechanova
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Kshirod Jena
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Rod A Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amelia Henry
- Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute, UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
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Dwivedi SK, Kumar S, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Chinnusamy V, Henry A. Disentangling the Roles of Plant Water Status and Stem Carbohydrate Remobilization on Rice Harvest Index Under Drought. Rice (N Y) 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 36930351 PMCID: PMC10023821 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harvest index is an important component of grain yield and is typically reduced by reproductive stage drought stress in rice. Multiple drought response mechanisms can affect harvest index including plant water status and the degree of stem carbohydrate mobilization during grain filling. In this study, we aimed to dissect the contributions of plant water status and stem carbohydrate mobilization to harvest index. Pairs of genotypes selected for contrasting harvest index but similar biomass and days to flowering were characterized at ICAR-RCER, Patna, India and at IRRI, Philippines. RESULTS Multiple traits were related with harvest index across experiments, including mobilization efficiency at both sites as indicated by groupings in principal component analysis, and plant water status as indicated by direct correlations. Biomass-related traits were positively correlated with harvest index at IRRI but biomass was negatively correlated with harvest index at ICER-RCER, Patna. We observed that some pairs of genotypes showed differences in harvest index across environments, whereas other showed differences in harvest index only under drought. Of all time points measured when all genotypes were considered together, the stem carbohydrate levels at maturity were most consistently (negatively) correlated with harvest index under drought, but not under well-watered conditions. However, in the pairs of genotypes grouped as those whose differences in harvest index were stable across environments, improved plant water status resulted in a greater ability to both accumulate and remobilize stored carbohydrate, i.e. starch. CONCLUSION By distinguishing between genotypes whose harvest index was improved across conditions as opposed to specifically under drought, we can attribute the mechanisms behind the stable high-harvest index genotypes to be more related to stem carbohydrate remobilization than to plant water status. The stable high-harvest index lines in this study (Aus 257 and Wanni Dahanala) may confer mechanisms to improve harvest index that are independent of drought response and therefore may be useful for breeding improved rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad K Dwivedi
- ICAR - Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
- ICAR - Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, 226101, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR - Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Mignon A Natividad
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
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Siangliw JL, Thunnom B, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Chebotarov D, McNally KL, Lynch JP, Brown KM, Henry A. Response of Southeast Asian rice root architecture and anatomy phenotypes to drought stress. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1008954. [PMID: 36340400 PMCID: PMC9629509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress in Southeast Asia greatly affects rice production, and the rice root system plays a substantial role in avoiding drought stress. In this study, we examined the phenotypic and genetic correlations among root anatomical, morphological, and agronomic phenotypes over multiple field seasons. A set of >200 rice accessions from Southeast Asia (a subset of the 3000 Rice Genomes Project) was characterized with the aim to identify root morphological and anatomical phenotypes related to productivity under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in slight increases in the basal metaxylem and stele diameter of nodal roots. Although few direct correlations between root phenotypes and grain yield were identified, biomass was consistently positively correlated with crown root number and negatively correlated with stele diameter. The accessions with highest grain yield were characterized by higher crown root numbers and median metaxylem diameter and smaller stele diameter. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 162 and 210 significant SNPs associated with root phenotypes in the two seasons which resulted in identification of 59 candidate genes related to root development. The gene OsRSL3 was found in a QTL region for median metaxylem diameter. Four SNPs in OsRSL3 were found that caused amino acid changes and significantly associated with the root phenotype. Based on the haplotype analysis for median metaxylem diameter, the rice accessions studied were classified into five allele combinations in order to identify the most favorable haplotypes. The candidate genes and favorable haplotypes provide information useful for the genetic improvement of root phenotypes under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaliza L. Siangliw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Burin Thunnom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Mignon A. Natividad
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marinell R. Quintana
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Kenneth L. McNally
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jonathan P. Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Amelia Henry
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Ćalić I, Groen SC, Choi JY, Joly‐Lopez Z, Hamann E, Natividad MA, Dorph K, Cabral CLU, Torres RO, Vergara GV, Henry A, Purugganan MD, Franks SJ. The influence of genetic architecture on responses to selection under drought in rice. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1670-1690. [PMID: 36330294 PMCID: PMC9624088 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting responses to selection is a major goal in biology and important for successful crop breeding in changing environments. However, evolutionary responses to selection can be constrained by such factors as genetic and cross‐environment correlations, linkage, and pleiotropy, and our understanding of the extent and impact of such constraints is still developing. Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate potential constraints to selection for drought resistance in rice (Oryza sativa) using phenotypic selection analysis and quantitative genetics. We found that traits related to drought response were heritable, and some were under selection, including selection for earlier flowering, which could allow drought escape. However, patterns of selection generally were not opposite under wet and dry conditions, and we did not find individual or closely linked genes that influenced multiple traits, indicating a lack of evidence that antagonistic pleiotropy, linkage, or cross‐environment correlations would constrain selection for drought resistance. In most cases, genetic correlations had little influence on responses to selection, with direct and indirect selection largely congruent. The exception to this was seed mass under drought, which was predicted to evolve in the opposite direction of direct selection due to correlations. Because of this indirect effect on selection on seed mass, selection for drought resistance was not accompanied by a decrease in seed mass, and yield increased with fecundity. Furthermore, breeding lines with high fitness and yield under drought also had high fitness and yield under wet conditions, indicating that there was no evidence for a yield penalty on drought resistance. We found multiple genes in which expression influenced both water use efficiency (WUE) and days to first flowering, supporting a genetic basis for the trade‐off between drought escape and avoidance strategies. Together, these results can provide helpful guidance for understanding and managing evolutionary constraints and breeding stress‐resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ćalić
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
- Institute of Botany University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Simon C. Groen
- Department of Nematology University of California at Riverside Riverside CA USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Zoé Joly‐Lopez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Elena Hamann
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | - Katherine Dorph
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | | | | | - Georgina V. Vergara
- International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Laguna Philippines
- Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 College Laguna Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Laguna Philippines
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Steven J. Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
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Liao Q, Chebotarov D, Islam MS, Quintana MR, Natividad MA, De Ocampo M, Beredo JC, Torres RO, Zhang Z, Song H, Price AH, McNally KL, Henry A. Aus rice root architecture variation contributing to grain yield under drought suggests a key role of nodal root diameter class. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:854-870. [PMID: 35099814 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aus rice variety group originated in stress-prone regions and is a promising source for the development of new stress-tolerant rice cultivars. In this study, an aus panel (~220 genotypes) was evaluated in field trials under well-watered and drought conditions and in the greenhouse (basket, herbicide and lysimeter studies) to investigate relationships between grain yield and root architecture, and to identify component root traits behind the composite trait of deep root growth. In the field trials, high and stable grain yield was positively related to high and stable deep root growth (r = 0.16), which may indicate response to within-season soil moisture fluctuations (i.e., plasticity). When dissecting component traits related to deep root growth (including angle, elongation and branching), the number of nodal roots classified as 'large-diameter' was positively related to deep root growth (r = 0.24), and showed the highest number of colocated genome-wide association study (GWAS) peaks with grain yield under drought. The role of large-diameter nodal roots in deep root growth may be related to their branching potential. Two candidate loci that colocated for yield and root traits were identified that showed distinct haplotype distributions between contrasting yield/stability groups and could be good candidates to contribute to rice improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liao
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dmytro Chebotarov
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Marinell R Quintana
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Mignon A Natividad
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Marjorie De Ocampo
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Joseph C Beredo
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Rolando O Torres
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haixing Song
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Adam H Price
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Kenneth L McNally
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- Rice Breeding Innovations, International Rice Research Institute, Pili Drive, UPLB Compound, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 4031, Philippines
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Kumar S, Tripathi S, Singh SP, Prasad A, Akter F, Syed MA, Badri J, Das SP, Bhattarai R, Natividad MA, Quintana M, Venkateshwarlu C, Raman A, Yadav S, Singh SK, Swain P, Anandan A, Yadaw RB, Mandal NP, Verulkar SB, Kumar A, Henry A. Rice breeding for yield under drought has selected for longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:4981-4992. [PMID: 33852008 PMCID: PMC8219034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct selection for yield under drought has resulted in the release of a number of drought-tolerant rice varieties across Asia. In this study, we characterized the physiological traits that have been affected by this strategy in breeding trials across sites in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Drought- breeding lines and drought-tolerant varieties showed consistently longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density than our drought-susceptible check variety, IR64. The influence of environmental parameters other than drought treatments on leaf traits was evidenced by close grouping of treatments within a site. Flag-leaf length and width appeared to be regulated by different environmental parameters. In separate trials in the Philippines, the same breeding lines studied in South Asia showed that canopy temperature under drought and harvest index across treatments were most correlated with grain yield. Both atmospheric and soil stress strengthened the relationships between leaf traits and yield. The stable expression of leaf traits among genotypes and the identification of the environmental conditions in which they contribute to yield, as well as the observation that some breeding lines showed longer time to flowering and higher canopy temperature than IR64, suggest that selection for additional physiological traits may result in further improvements of this breeding pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Tripathi
- Nepal Agricultural Research Council Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nepalgunj, Khajura, Banke, Nepal
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, Nepal
| | | | - Archana Prasad
- Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Fahamida Akter
- Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Syed
- Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Jyothi Badri
- ICAR Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Rudra Bhattarai
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, Nepal
| | | | - Marinell Quintana
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Challa Venkateshwarlu
- International Rice Research Institute South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Anitha Raman
- International Rice Research Institute South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | - Padmini Swain
- ICAR National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - A Anandan
- ICAR National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Ram Baran Yadaw
- National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Baniniya, Janakpurdham, Nepal
| | - Nimai P Mandal
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand, India
| | - S B Verulkar
- Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Correspondence:
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8
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Torres RO, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Henry A. Ratooning as a management strategy for lodged or drought-damaged rice crops. Crop Sci 2020; 60:367-380. [PMID: 32536700 PMCID: PMC7282670 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants have the ability to develop ratoon tillers if the terminal growing point is lost, such as when the panicle has been aborted, matured, or harvested. We examined postharvest and midseason ratooning as management strategies for damaged rice crops, both in irrigated and rainfed conditions. Genotypic variation was observed in terms of postharvest ratoon tillering, midseason ratoon crop growth after lodging, and midseason ratoon crop growth after drought stress. The genotypic variation in postharvest ratoon tillering was related to stem carbohydrate levels at the time of main crop harvest and was affected by soil moisture levels at the time of main crop harvest. Drought-tolerant varieties did not consistently show improved ratoon crop growth. After lodging, cutting stems at a height of 30 cm produced the highest numbers of ratoon tillers, and the contribution of the ratoon crop to the total harvestable grain yield was highest when the ratoon crop was initiated at earlier growth stages. The highest ratoon grain yields recovered from lodged crops ranged up to 3.58 t ha-1. Total grain yield after drought was improved by trimming the leaves and panicles only in certain conditions and did not appear to be correlated with stem carbohydrate levels. These results suggest that management strategies may be recommended to farmers that exploit the ratooning ability of rice for improved recovery after midseason crop damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando O. Torres
- Systems Physiology Cluster, Strategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosLaguna4031Philippines
| | - Mignon A. Natividad
- Systems Physiology Cluster, Strategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosLaguna4031Philippines
| | - Marinell R. Quintana
- Systems Physiology Cluster, Strategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosLaguna4031Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- Systems Physiology Cluster, Strategic Innovation PlatformInternational Rice Research InstituteLos BañosLaguna4031Philippines
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