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Kazemi MR, Hashempour M, Longobardi M. Weighted Cumulative Past Extropy and Its Inference. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:1444. [PMID: 37420464 DOI: 10.3390/e24101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces and studies a new generalization of cumulative past extropy called weighted cumulative past extropy (WCPJ) for continuous random variables. We explore the following: if the WCPJs of the last order statistic are equal for two distributions, then these two distributions will be equal. We examine some properties of the WCPJ, and a number of inequalities involving bounds for WCPJ are obtained. Studies related to reliability theory are discussed. Finally, the empirical version of the WCPJ is considered, and a test statistic is proposed. The critical cutoff points of the test statistic are computed numerically. Then, the power of this test is compared to a number of alternative approaches. In some situations, its power is superior to the rest, and in some other settings, it is somewhat weaker than the others. The simulation study shows that the use of this test statistic can be satisfactory with due attention to its simple form and the rich information content behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Hashempour
- Department of Statistics, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 79177, Iran
| | - Maria Longobardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Edalatkhah A, Kazemi MR, Samadi Khorshidi F, Akhoundimeybodi Z, Seyedhosseini SM, Rostami S, Hosseini BV, Akhondi Z, Ghelmani Y. Comparison of the effects of etomidate, ketamine, sodium thiopental, and midazolam on the mortality of patients with COVID-19 requiring intubation. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:49. [PMID: 34268237 PMCID: PMC8271227 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the medications administered for the management of COVID-19 patients, the induction drugs used for intubation have received little attention. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of induction drugs on the mortality of patients with COVID-19 requiring intubation.
Methods: In this retrospective study, all patients who were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi and Shahid Rahnemoun hospitals in Yazd from February to March 2020 with definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 and needed intubation were enrolled. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the type of drugs used in intubation, and mortality rate was assessed at the end of the first, second, fourth, and seventh days of the study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20 and P values <.05 was considered significant.
Results: In this study, 76 patients were examined. Patients were divided into 4 groups, of which 21 were in etomidate group, 8 in ketamine group, 21 in sodium thiopental group, and 35 in midazolam group. Mortality rate in these 4 groups was 25%, 12.5%, 14.3%, and 14.3% (p=0.822), respectively at the end of the first day after intubation; it was 83.3%, 12.5%, 28.6%, and 25.7% (p=0.001), respectively, at the end of the second day; it was 83.3%, 12.5%, 42.9%, and 42.9% (p=0.015), respectively, until the end of the fourth day; it was 100%, 25%, 61.9%, and 65.7% (p=0.007), respectively, until the end of the seventh day. Admission to intubation time interval was 0.91±0.99, 3.12±1.95, 4.09±2.44, and 4.74±2.62 days, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the use of etomidate may be associated with higher mortality in COVID-19 patients. Further studies are needed to verify the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Edalatkhah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kazemi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Samadi Khorshidi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Akhoundimeybodi
- Department of infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Rostami
- Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bibi Vaghihe Hosseini
- Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Akhondi
- Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yaser Ghelmani
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Vaselabadi NM, Tahmasebi S, Kazemi MR, Buono F. Results on Varextropy Measure of Random Variables. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:e23030356. [PMID: 33802792 PMCID: PMC8002483 DOI: 10.3390/e23030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, Lad, Sanfilippo and Agrò proposed an alternative measure of uncertainty dual to the entropy known as extropy. This paper provides some results on a dispersion measure of extropy of random variables which is called varextropy and studies several properties of this concept. Especially, the varextropy measure of residual and past lifetimes, order statistics, record values and proportional hazard rate models are discussed. Moreover, the conditional varextropy is considered and some properties of this measure are studied. Finally, a new stochastic comparison method, named varextropy ordering, is introduced and some of its properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Tahmasebi
- Department of Statistics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran; (N.M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Kazemi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Fasa University, Fasa 7461686131, Iran;
| | - Francesco Buono
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni “Renato Caccioppoli”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kazemi MR, Jafari AA, Tahmasebi S. A Modification of the Gompertz Distribution Based on the Class of Extended-Weibull Distributions. JSTA 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/jsta.d.201116.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Kazemi MR, Mahmoudi MR. A note on limiting distribution of the sample auto-covariance function for the first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) model. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2018.1481980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moazen B, Shokoohi M, Noori A, Rahimzadeh S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Rezaei F, Lotfizadeh M, Kazemi MR, Jamshidi HR, Pazhuheian F, Rabbani S, Naderimagham S. Burden of Drug and Alcohol Use Disorders in Iran: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Arch Iran Med 2016; 18:480-5. [PMID: 26265515 DOI: 015188/aim.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its specific socio-cultural and geographical situation, Iran has a major public health problem in terms of drug and alcohol use. The aim of this study is to report and critique the burden of drug and alcohol use disorders in Iran, and to compare these measurements with similar findings. METHODS This study used data for Iran for the years 1990, 2005, and 2010 derived from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2010) conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in 2010. The burden of drug and alcohol use disorders was evaluated in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs). RESULTS All rates were reported per 100,000 individuals. Death rates attributed to drug and alcohol use disorders were 7.7 and 0.16 for men, and 0.62 and 0.02 for women, respectively. YLL rates regarding drug use disorders were 351.8 and 24.8 for men and women, while these figures were 5.8 and 1.0 for alcohol use disorders for men and women, respectively. YLD rates of drug use disorders were 452.6 for men and 202.1 for women, and 105.8 for men and 23.7 for women for alcohol use disorders. DALY rates attributed to drug use disorders were 804.5 for men and 227 for women, while these rates were 111.7 for men and 24.7 for women, related to alcohol use disorders. CONCLUSION Similar to the cases in many other countries, the burden of both drug and alcohol use disorders is higher for men than women in Iran. Although prevention policies and programs for drug and alcohol use are required for both genders, the need for drug and alcohol use intervention seems more urgent for men in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Moazen
- 1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.2)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shokoohi
- Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atefeh Noori
- 3)Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- 4)Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- 5)Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farimah Rezaei
- Obstetrics and Gynecologist, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Department of Community Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Jamshidi
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Pazhuheian
- 1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. 5)Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Rabbani
- 1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- 2)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ebrahimi M, Allahyari A, Ebrahimi M, Hesam H, Hosseini G, Karimi M, Rezaiean A, Kazemi MR. Effects of Dietary Honey andArdehCombination on Chemotherapy- Induced Gastrointestinal and Infectious Complications in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran J Pharm Res 2016; 15:661-8. [PMID: 27642340 PMCID: PMC5018297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary combination of honey and Ardeh on chemotherapy-induced complications in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 107 AML patients who underwent chemotherapy for at least 30 consecutive dayswere recruited to this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical-trial which was conducted in the Imam Reza and Ghaem teaching hospitals (Mashhad, Iran). They weredivided into two age and sex-matched groups: 58 treated and 49 untreated patients. A combination of 50 grams of honey and 150 grams of Ardehwas added to the treated group's diet for 30consecutive days, three times each day; while the untreated group received their regular diet.Both groups received their standard medication for AML as well. After one month, they were all examined and lab tests were done on them by an internist and laboratory technicians who were blinded to the subject allocations. Mean value of WBC count in treated group was significantly lower than that of untreated group. Duration of fever and admission in the hospital due to fever were both significantly lower in the treated group (P=0.014, P=0.032 respectively). Total gastrointestinal complications were significantly less in the treated group one month after therapy with the special honey and Ardeh compound.No unusual or unexpected side effects were observed. Honey and Ardehare easily accessible materials that can be helpfully administered in AML patientsreceiving chemotherapy, since their useful effects in ameliorating gastrointestinal complications and reducingfever and neutropenia in AML patients have been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Department of Hematology, Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hesam Hesam
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Golkoo Hosseini
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Rezaiean
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ghaffaripour S, Khosravi MB, Rahimi A, Sahmedini MA, Chohedri A, Mahmoudi H, Kazemi MR. The effects of Aminophylline on clinical recovery and bispectral index in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anaesthesia. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 30:1351-5. [PMID: 25674137 PMCID: PMC4320729 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.306.5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aminophylline, which is clinically used as a bronchodilator, antagonizes the action of adenosine, so it can be used to shorten the recovery time after general anesthesia. Therefore, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the administration of aminophylline leads to an increase in bispectral index (BIS) and clinical recovery in patients anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Methods : Ninety two patients who were scheduled for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in this study. All patients were premedicated with midazolam and morphine. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg /kg and remifentanil 2.5 µg/kg without muscle relaxant. For maintenance of anesthesia we used propofol 100µg/kg/min, remifentanil 0.2µg/kg/min and 100% oxygen with stable BIS readings in the range 40-60. After skin closure, aminophylline 4mg/ kg was given to Group A and an equivalent volume of normal saline to Group P. BIS values, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and End tidal CO2(ETco2) were determined. Time to eye opening, extubation time and response to command were measured. Results : There were no significant differences in SpO2, ETco2 and anesthesia time. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were found to be statistically higher (p<0.001) in Group A. Time to eye opening, hand grip and extubation were significantly shorter (p<0.001) in Group A. Bispectral index scores were significantly higher in group A. CONCLUSIONS Injection of aminophylline at emergence time led to significant increase in BIS and shortening recovery time from anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ghaffaripour
- Sina Ghaffaripour, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Khosravi
- Mohammad Bagher Khosravi, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Rahimi
- Ashkan Rahimi, Anesthesiologist, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahmedini
- Mohammad Ali Sahmedini, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Chohedri
- Abdolhamid Chohedri, Associate Professor, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hilda Mahmoudi
- Hilda Mahmoudi, Community Medicine and Public Health Specialist. Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kazemi
- Mohammad Reza Kazemi, Anesthesiologist, Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hafizi L, Sazgarnia A, Mousavifar N, Karimi M, Ghorbani S, Kazemi MR, Emami Meibodi N, Hosseini G, Mostafavi Toroghi H. The effect of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on in vitro fertilization success rate in N MRI mice. Cell J 2014; 15:310-5. [PMID: 24381855 PMCID: PMC3866534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) on reproduction systems have been widely debated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether low frequency EMF could ameliorate the in vitro fertilization success rate in Naval medical research institute (NMRI) Mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized comparative animal study, ten NMRI mice were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (control and experimental). 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was injected intraperitoneally to both groups in order to stimulate ovulating, and ovums were then aspirated and kept in KSOM (modified version of sequential simplex optimization medium with a higher K(+) concentration) culture medium. Metaphase II ovums were separated, and sperms obtained by "swim out" method were added to metaphase II ovums in the culture medium. The experimental group was exposed to 1.3 millitesla pulsed electromagnetic field at 4 kilohertz frequency for 5 hours. To assess the efficacy, we considered the identification of two-pronuclear zygote (2PN) under microscope as fertilizing criterion. RESULTS Total number of collected ovums in the control and experimental groups was 191 and 173, respectively, from which 58 (30.05%) and 52 (30.36%) ovums were collected from metaphase II, respectively. In vitro fertilization (IVF) success rate was 77% in extremely low frequency- pulsed electromagnetic field (ELFPEMF) for exposed group (experimental), whereas the rate was 68% for control group. CONCLUSION Despite increased percentile of IVF success rate in exposed group, there was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups, but this hypothesis has still been stated as a question. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different EMF designs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Hafizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nezhat Mousavifar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran,
* Corresponding Address: P.O.Box: 9137913316Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyImam Reza HospitalMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Saleh Ghorbani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kazemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Emami Meibodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golkoo Hosseini
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Mostafavi Toroghi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran
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Pakshir M, Bagheri T, Kazemi MR. In vitro evaluation of the electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel and Ni-Ti orthodontic archwires at different temperatures. Eur J Orthod 2011; 35:407-13. [PMID: 21771804 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pakshir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran
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Sipkins DA, Cheresh DA, Kazemi MR, Nevin LM, Bednarski MD, Li KC. Detection of tumor angiogenesis in vivo by alphaVbeta3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Med 1998; 4:623-6. [PMID: 9585240 DOI: 10.1038/nm0598-623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a requirement for malignant tumor growth and metastasis. In the absence of angiogenesis, local tumor expansion is suppressed at a few millimeters and cells lack routes for distant hematogenous spread. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the degree of angiogenesis is correlated with the malignant potential of several cancers, including breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Moreover, the expression of a specific angiogenesis marker, the endothelial integrin alphaVbeta3, has been shown to correlate with tumor grade. However, studies of tumor angiogenesis such as these have generally relied on invasive procedures, adequate tissue sampling and meticulous estimation of histologic microvessel density. In the present report, we describe a novel approach to detecting angiogenesis in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a paramagnetic contrast agent targeted to endothelial alphaVbeta3 via the LM609 monoclonal antibody. This approach provided enhanced and detailed imaging of rabbit carcinomas by directly targeting paramagnetic agents to the angiogenic vasculature. In addition, angiogenic 'hot spots' not seen by standard MRI were detected. Our strategy for MR imaging of alphaVbeta3 thus represents a non-invasive means to assess the growth and malignant phenotype of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sipkins
- Lucas MRS Research Center, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
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