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Moran IL, Tidwell L, Barton M, Kile M, Miller P, Rohlman D, Seguinot-Medina S, Ungwiluk B, Waghiyi V, Anderson K. Diffusive fluxes of persistent organic pollutants between Arctic atmosphere, surface waters and sediments. Sci Total Environ 2023; 892:164566. [PMID: 37270011 PMCID: PMC10330832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arctic communities are disproportionately exposed to pollutants from sources including global atmospheric transport and formerly used defense sites (FUDS). The effects of climate change and increasing development in the Arctic have the potential to exacerbate this problem. Yupik People of Sivuqaq, or St Lawrence Island, Alaska are one such community with documented exposures to pollutants from FUDS, and their traditional lipid-rich foods such as blubber and rendered oils of marine mammals. Troutman Lake, adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell, Alaska, was used as a disposal site during the decommission of the adjacent FUDS, leading to community concern about exposure to military pollution and intrusion from historic local dump sites. In collaboration with a local community group, this study utilized passive sampling devices deployed in Troutman Lake. Air, water and sediment deployed samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated and organophosphate flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PAH concentrations were low and comparable to other remote/rural locations. PAHs were generally in deposition from the overlying atmosphere into Troutman Lake. Of the flame retardants, brominated diphenyl ether-47 was detected in all surface water samplers while triphenyl phosphate was detected in all environmental compartments. Both were at concentrations equivalent or lower than other remote locations. Of particular interest, we measured higher atmospheric concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (0.75-2.8 ng/m3) than previously reported in the literature for remote Arctic sites (<0.017-0.56 ng/m3). TCEP was found to be in deposition to Troutman Lake at magnitudes from 290 to 1300 ng/m2/day. No PCBs were detected in this study. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of both modern and legacy chemicals from local and global sources. These results help us to understand the fate of anthropogenic contaminants in dynamic Arctic systems providing valuable data for communities, policy makers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Moran
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lane Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael Barton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Molly Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diana Rohlman
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Vi Waghiyi
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Kim Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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2
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Sun R, Wang Z, Claus Henn B, Su L, Lu Q, Lin X, Wright RO, Bellinger DC, Kile M, Mazumdar M, Tellez-Rojo MM, Schnaas L, Christiani DC. Identification of novel loci associated with infant cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3010-3019. [PMID: 30120420 PMCID: PMC6378130 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that genetic factors play a large role in the development of many cognitive and neurological processes; however, epidemiological evidence for the genetic basis of childhood neurodevelopment is very limited. Identification of the genetic polymorphisms associated with early-stage neurodevelopment will help elucidate biological mechanisms involved in neuro-behavior and provide a better understanding of the developing brain. To search for such variants, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for infant mental and motor ability at two years of age with mothers and children recruited from cohorts in Bangladesh and Mexico. Infant ability was assessed using mental and motor composite scores calculated with country-specific versions of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. A missense variant (rs1055153) located in the gene WWTR1 reached genome-wide significance in association with mental composite score (meta-analysis effect size of minor allele βmeta = -6.04; 95% CI: -8.13 to -3.94; P = 1.56×10-8). Infants carrying the minor allele reported substantially lower cognitive scores in both cohorts, and this variant is predicted to be in the top 0.3% of most deleterious substitutions in the human genome. Fine mapping and region-based association testing provided additional suggestive evidence that both WWTR1 and a second gene, LRP1B, were associated with infant cognitive ability. Comparisons with recently conducted GWAS in intelligence and educational attainment indicate that our phenotypes do not possess a high genetic correlation with either adolescent or adult cognitive traits, suggesting that infant neurological assessments should be treated as an independent outcome of interest. Additional functional studies and replication efforts in other cohorts may help uncover new biological pathways and genetic architectures that are crucial to the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Zhaoxi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Molly Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
- Center of Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62100, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Center of Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62100, Mexico
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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3
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Kramer AL, Campbell L, Donatuto J, Heidt M, Kile M, Massey Simonich SL. Impact of local and regional sources of PAHs on tribal reservation air quality in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Sci Total Environ 2020; 710:136412. [PMID: 31927295 PMCID: PMC7923342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) transports polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) regionally and globally, influencing the air quality of communities around the planet. Concentrations of 130 PAHs extracted from PM2.5, collected on a Native American Tribal Reservation in the Northern Puget Sound region of the American Pacific Northwest, were used to assess the air quality impacts of regional and local PAH sources, atmospheric transport, and human health implications. Wind coming from the southeast of the sampling locations increased the overall PAH concentration of the PM2.5, while winds from the southwest decreased the PAH concentration. Concentrations of PAH subclasses increased or decreased independently at the two sampling locations with different changes in wind patterns, changing the excess lifetime cancer risk significantly. No long-range transport was measured, but emissions from local and regional PAH sources were measured. Samples collected during regional wildfires showed increased PAH concentrations. Samples collected during predicted weather inversions resulted in the highest PAH concentrations, and up to a ten-fold increase in excess lifetime cancer risk over the normal days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Kramer
- Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, Corvallis, OR, United States of America; Oregon State University Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Larry Campbell
- Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, La Conner, WA, United States of America
| | - Jamie Donatuto
- Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, La Conner, WA, United States of America
| | - Myk Heidt
- Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, La Conner, WA, United States of America
| | - Molly Kile
- Oregon State University School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Oregon State University Department of Chemistry, Corvallis, OR, United States of America; Oregon State University Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR, United States of America.
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Przybyla J, Kile M, Smit E. Description of exposure profiles for seven environmental chemicals in a US population using recursive partition mixture modeling (RPMM). J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2019; 29:61-70. [PMID: 29269752 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-017-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring studies have shown that humans are exposed to numerous environmental chemicals. Previous work provides limited insights into the dynamic relationship between different chemicals within a population. The objective of this study is to develop an analytical method identifying exposure profiles of seven common environmental chemicals and determine how exposure profiles differ by sociodemographic groups and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012 cycle year. We used recursive partition mixture modeling (RPMM) to define classes of the population with similar exposure profiles of lead, cadmium, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan, and benzophenone-3 in individuals aged ≥6 years. Additionally, quasibinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between each class and selected demographic characteristics. Eight exposure profiles were identified. Individuals who clustered together and had the highest chemical exposures were more likely to be older, to be Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) or Other Hispanic (OH), more likely to live below the poverty line, more likely to be male, and more likely to have participated in the earlier NHANES cycle (2003-2004). The developed method described the dynamic relationship between chemicals and shows that this relationship is different for subpopulations based on their sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Przybyla
- School of Biological and Population Health, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
| | - Molly Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Ellen Smit
- School of Biological and Population Health, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
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Wang Z, Henn BC, Wang C, Wei Y, Su L, Sun R, Chen H, Wagner PJ, Lu Q, Lin X, Wright R, Bellinger D, Kile M, Mazumdar M, Tellez-Rojo MM, Schnaas L, Christiani DC. Genome-wide gene by lead exposure interaction analysis identifies UNC5D as a candidate gene for neurodevelopment. Environ Health 2017; 16:81. [PMID: 28754176 PMCID: PMC5534076 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopment is a complex process involving both genetic and environmental factors. Prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) has been associated with lower performance on neurodevelopmental tests. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are more frequent and/or more severe when toxic exposures interact with genetic susceptibility. METHODS To explore possible loci associated with increased susceptibility to prenatal Pb exposure, we performed a genome-wide gene-environment interaction study (GWIS) in young children from Mexico (n = 390) and Bangladesh (n = 497). Prenatal Pb exposure was estimated by cord blood Pb concentration. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. RESULTS We identified a locus on chromosome 8, containing UNC5D, and demonstrated evidence of its genome-wide significance with mental composite scores (rs9642758, p meta = 4.35 × 10-6). Within this locus, the joint effects of two independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs9642758 and rs10503970) had a p-value of 4.38 × 10-9 for mental composite scores. Correlating GWIS results with in vitro transcriptomic profiles identified one common gene, SLC1A5, which is involved in synaptic function, neuronal development, and excitotoxicity. Further analysis revealed interconnected interactions that formed a large network of 52 genes enriched with oxidative stress genes and neurodevelopmental genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that certain genetic polymorphisms within/near genes relevant to neurodevelopment might modify the toxic effects of Pb exposure via oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Wang
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Su
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Han Chen
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Quan Lu
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - David Bellinger
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, USA
| | | | - Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, USA
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Cusack LK, Eagles-Smith C, Harding AK, Kile M, Stone D. Selenium: Mercury Molar Ratios in Freshwater Fish in the Columbia River Basin: Potential Applications for Specific Fish Consumption Advisories. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:136-146. [PMID: 27928722 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish provide a valuable source of beneficial nutrients and are an excellent source of low fat protein. However, fish are also the primary source of methylmercury exposure in humans. Selenium often co-occurs with mercury and there is some evidence that selenium can protect against mercury toxicity yet States issue fish consumption advisories based solely on the risks that methylmercury pose to human health. Recently, it has been suggested the selenium: mercury molar ratio be considered in risk management. In order for agencies to utilize the ratio to set consumption guidelines, it is important to evaluate the variability in selenium and mercury in different fish species. We examined 10 different freshwater fish species found within the Columbia River Basin in order to determine the inter- and intra-specific variability in the selenium: mercury molar ratios and the selenium health benefit values. We found significant variation in selenium: mercury molar ratios. The mean molar ratios for each species were all above 1:1, ranging from 3.42:1 in Walleye to 27.2:1 in Chinook salmon. There was a positive correlation between both mercury and selenium with length for each fish species apart from yellow perch and rainbow trout. All species had health benefit values greater than 2. We observed considerable variability in selenium: mercury molar ratios within fish species collected in the Columbia River Basin. Although incorporating selenium: mercury molar ratios into fish consumption holds the potential for refining advisories and assessing the risk of methylmercury exposure, the current understanding of how these ratios apply is insufficient, and further understanding of drivers of variability in the ratios is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Collin Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Molly Kile
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dave Stone
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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7
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MacDonald M, Lipscomb S, McClelland MM, Duncan R, Becker D, Anderson K, Kile M. Relations of Preschoolers' Visual-Motor and Object Manipulation Skills With Executive Function and Social Behavior. Res Q Exerc Sport 2016; 87:396-407. [PMID: 27732149 PMCID: PMC5549668 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1229862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to examine specific linkages between early visual-motor integration skills and executive function, as well as between early object manipulation skills and social behaviors in the classroom during the preschool year. METHOD Ninety-two children aged 3 to 5 years old (Mage = 4.31 years) were recruited to participate. Comprehensive measures of visual-motor integration skills, object manipulation skills, executive function, and social behaviors were administered in the fall and spring of the preschool year. RESULTS Our findings indicated that children who had better visual-motor integration skills in the fall had better executive function scores (B = 0.47 [0.20], p < .05, β = .27) in the spring of the preschool year after controlling for age, gender, Head Start status, and site location, but not after controlling for children's baseline levels of executive function. In addition, children who demonstrated better object manipulation skills in the fall showed significantly stronger social behavior in their classrooms (as rated by teachers) in the spring, including more self-control (B - 0.03 [0.00], p < .05, β = .40), more cooperation (B = 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = .28), and less externalizing/hyperactivity (B = - 0.02 [0.01], p < .05, β = - .28) after controlling for social behavior in the fall and other covariates. CONCLUSION Children's visual-motor integration and object manipulation skills in the fall have modest to moderate relations with executive function and social behaviors later in the preschool year. These findings have implications for early learning initiatives and school readiness.
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Rodrigues EG, Kile M, Dobson C, Amarasiriwardena C, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Golam M, Christiani DC. Maternal-infant biomarkers of prenatal exposure to arsenic and manganese. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2015; 25:639-48. [PMID: 26306926 PMCID: PMC4770909 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Because arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) are able to pass the placenta, infants among exposed populations may be exposed to considerable levels in utero. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate infant toenails, hair, and cord blood as biomarkers of prenatal exposure to As and Mn and determine the relationship between maternal and infant As and Mn concentrations in these biomarkers. Of the 1196 pregnant women in Bangladesh who were monitored throughout pregnancy until 1 month post-partum and completed all study visits, we included 711 mother-infant pairs who had at least one maternal and one infant biomarker of exposure available for analysis. Toenail and hair samples were collected from the women during the first trimester and 1 month post-partum and from the infants at the age of 1 month. Cord blood was collected at the time of delivery. Maternal toenail concentrations were correlated with infant toenail concentrations for As and Mn (n=258, r=0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.60, P<0.0001 and r=0.39, 95% CI: 0.28-0.49, P<0.0001), respectively. Similarly, maternal hair concentrations were correlated with infant hair As (n=685, r=0.61, 95% CI: 0.56-0.65, P<0.0001) and infant hair Mn (n=686, r=0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.28, P<0.0001). Cord blood As was correlated with infant toenail and hair As, although cord blood Mn was only correlated with infant toenail. Toenails and cord blood appear to be valid biomarkers of maternal-fetal transfer of As and Mn, whereas hair may not be a suitable biomarker for in utero exposure to Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema G. Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Molly Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Christine Dobson
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Motorykin O, Schrlau J, Jia Y, Harper B, Harris S, Harding A, Stone D, Kile M, Sudakin D, Massey Simonich SL. Determination of parent and hydroxy PAHs in personal PM₂.₅ and urine samples collected during Native American fish smoking activities. Sci Total Environ 2015; 505:694-703. [PMID: 25461072 PMCID: PMC4261013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed for the measurement of 19 parent PAHs (PAHs) and 34 hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) in urine and personal air samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM₂.₅) using GC-MS and validated using NIST SRM 3672 (Organic Contaminants in Smoker's Urine) and SRM 3673 (Organic Contaminants in Nonsmoker's Urine). The method was used to measure PAHs and OH-PAHs in urine and personal PM₂.₅ samples collected from the operators of two different fish smoking facilities (tipi and smoke shed) burning two different wood types (alder and apple) on the Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) while they smoked salmon. Urine samples were spiked with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase to hydrolyze the conjugates of OH-PAHs and the PAHs and OH-PAHs were extracted using Plexa and C18 solid phases, in series. The 34 OH-PAHs were derivatized using MTBSTFA, and the mixture was measured by GC-MS. The personal PM₂.₅ samples were extracted using pressurized liquid extraction, derivatized with MTBSTFA and analyzed by GC-MS for PAHs and OH-PAHs. Fourteen isotopically labeled surrogates were added to accurately quantify PAHs and OH-PAHs in the urine and PM₂.₅ samples and three isotopically labeled internal standards were used to calculate the recovery of the surrogates. Estimated detection limits in urine ranged from 6.0 to 181 pg/ml for OH-PAHs and from 3.0 to 90 pg/ml for PAHs, and, in PM₂.₅, they ranged from 5.2 to 155 pg/m(3) for OH-PAHs and from 2.5 to 77 pg/m(3) for PAHs. The results showed an increase in OH-PAH concentrations in urine after 6h of fish smoking and an increase in PAH concentrations in air within each smoking facility. In general, the PAH exposure in the smoke shed was higher than in the tipi and the PAH exposure from burning apple wood was higher than burning alder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Motorykin
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jill Schrlau
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yuling Jia
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Barbara Harper
- Department of Science and Engineering, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA
| | - Stuart Harris
- Department of Science and Engineering, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA
| | - Anna Harding
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David Stone
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Molly Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Daniel Sudakin
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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10
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Rodrigues EG, Kile M, Hoffman E, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mahiuddin G, Hsueh Y, Christiani DC. GSTO and AS3MT genetic polymorphisms and differences in urinary arsenic concentrations among residents in Bangladesh. Biomarkers 2012; 17:240-7. [PMID: 22339537 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.658863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glutathione S-transferase omega (GSTO) and arsenic(III)methyltransferase (AS3MT) genes were associated with concentrations of urinary arsenic metabolites among 900 individuals without skin lesions in Bangladesh. Four SNPs were assessed in these genes. A pathway analysis evaluated the association between urinary arsenic metabolites and SNPs. GSTO1 rs4925 homozygous wild type was significantly associated with higher monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid urinary concentrations, whereas wild-type AS3MT rs11191439 had significantly lower levels of As(III) and MMA. Genetic polymorphisms GSTO and As3MT modify arsenic metabolism as evidenced by altered urinary arsenic excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema G Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Ford T, Jay J, Patel A, Kile M, Prommasith P, Galloway T, Sanger R, Smith K, Depledge M. Use of ecotoxicological tools to evaluate the health of New Bedford Harbor sediments: a microbial biomarker approach. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:186-191. [PMID: 15687056 PMCID: PMC1277863 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have been investigating microbial communities in sediments from New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, USA, for a number of years. NBH is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-designated Superfund site heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Microorganisms are thought to contribute to the fate and distribution of contaminants in NBH through a variety of mechanisms, including direct transformations and formation of soluble and insoluble species. Our more recent research has focused on changes in microbial community structure and function in response to exposure to toxic contaminants, with the ultimate goal of using microbes as ecotoxicological tools. Microbial diversity, as measured by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis, changes along pollution gradients, with an apparent increase in diversity at the most contaminated sites, concomitant with an increase in genetic relatedness. Current work on microbial communities examines the presence of arsenic-resistance genes in NBH isolates. In collaboration with the Plymouth Environmental Research Center, Plymouth University, United Kingdom, we have also used more conventional ecotoxicological approaches to examine the health of the NBH biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ford
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
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