1
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Ounissi M, Latouche M, Racoceanu D. PhagoStat a scalable and interpretable end to end framework for efficient quantification of cell phagocytosis in neurodegenerative disease studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6482. [PMID: 38499658 PMCID: PMC10948879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the phagocytosis of dynamic, unstained cells is essential for evaluating neurodegenerative diseases. However, measuring rapid cell interactions and distinguishing cells from background make this task very challenging when processing time-lapse phase-contrast video microscopy. In this study, we introduce an end-to-end, scalable, and versatile real-time framework for quantifying and analyzing phagocytic activity. Our proposed pipeline is able to process large data-sets and includes a data quality verification module to counteract potential perturbations such as microscope movements and frame blurring. We also propose an explainable cell segmentation module to improve the interpretability of deep learning methods compared to black-box algorithms. This includes two interpretable deep learning capabilities: visual explanation and model simplification. We demonstrate that interpretability in deep learning is not the opposite of high performance, by additionally providing essential deep learning algorithm optimization insights and solutions. Besides, incorporating interpretable modules results in an efficient architecture design and optimized execution time. We apply this pipeline to quantify and analyze microglial cell phagocytosis in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and obtain statistically reliable results showing that FTD mutant cells are larger and more aggressive than control cells. The method has been tested and validated on several public benchmarks by generating state-of-the art performances. To stimulate translational approaches and future studies, we release an open-source end-to-end pipeline and a unique microglial cells phagocytosis dataset for immune system characterization in neurodegenerative diseases research. This pipeline and the associated dataset will consistently crystallize future advances in this field, promoting the development of efficient and effective interpretable algorithms dedicated to the critical domain of neurodegenerative diseases' characterization. https://github.com/ounissimehdi/PhagoStat .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ounissi
- CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Inria, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
- PSL Research university, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Racoceanu
- CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Inria, Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France.
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2
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Lopez-Herdoiza MB, Bauché S, Wilmet B, Le Duigou C, Roussel D, Frah M, Béal J, Devely G, Boluda S, Frick P, Bouteiller D, Dussaud S, Guillabert P, Dalle C, Dumont M, Camuzat A, Saracino D, Barbier M, Bruneteau G, Ravassard P, Neumann M, Nicole S, Le Ber I, Brice A, Latouche M. C9ORF72 knockdown triggers FTD-like symptoms and cell pathology in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1155929. [PMID: 37138765 PMCID: PMC10149765 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1155929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The GGGGCC intronic repeat expansion within C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of ALS and FTD. This mutation results in toxic gain of function through accumulation of expanded RNA foci and aggregation of abnormally translated dipeptide repeat proteins, as well as loss of function due to impaired transcription of C9ORF72. A number of in vivo and in vitro models of gain and loss of function effects have suggested that both mechanisms synergize to cause the disease. However, the contribution of the loss of function mechanism remains poorly understood. We have generated C9ORF72 knockdown mice to mimic C9-FTD/ALS patients haploinsufficiency and investigate the role of this loss of function in the pathogenesis. We found that decreasing C9ORF72 leads to anomalies of the autophagy/lysosomal pathway, cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 and decreased synaptic density in the cortex. Knockdown mice also developed FTD-like behavioral deficits and mild motor phenotypes at a later stage. These findings show that C9ORF72 partial loss of function contributes to the damaging events leading to C9-FTD/ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Bauché
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Wilmet
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Duigou
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Roussel
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Magali Frah
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jonas Béal
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gabin Devely
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Susana Boluda
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Petra Frick
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sébastien Dussaud
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Guillabert
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Carine Dalle
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Magali Dumont
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Camuzat
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Dario Saracino
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Barbier
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Bruneteau
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Manuela Neumann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- EPHE, Neurogenetics Team, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Morwena Latouche,
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3
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Kmetzsch V, Latouche M, Saracino D, Rinaldi D, Camuzat A, Gareau T, Le Ber I, Colliot O, Becker E. MicroRNA signatures in genetic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1778-1791. [PMID: 36264717 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are promising biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but discrepant results between studies have so far hampered their use in clinical trials. We aim to assess all previously identified circulating microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers of genetic FTD and/or ALS, using homogeneous, independent validation cohorts of C9orf72 and GRN mutation carriers. METHODS 104 individuals carrying a C9orf72 or a GRN mutation, along with 31 controls, were recruited through the French research network on FTD/ALS. All subjects underwent blood sampling, from which circulating microRNAs were extracted. We measured differences in the expression levels of 65 microRNAs, selected from 15 published studies about FTD or ALS, between 31 controls, 17 C9orf72 presymptomatic subjects, and 29 C9orf72 patients. We also assessed differences in the expression levels of 30 microRNAs, selected from five studies about FTD, between 31 controls, 30 GRN presymptomatic subjects, and 28 GRN patients. RESULTS More than half (35/65) of the selected microRNAs were differentially expressed in the C9orf72 cohort, while only a small proportion (5/30) of microRNAs were differentially expressed in the GRN cohort. In multivariate analyses, only individuals in the C9orf72 cohort could be adequately classified (ROC AUC up to 0.98 for controls versus presymptomatic subjects, 0.94 for controls versus patients, and 0.77 for presymptomatic subjects versus patients) with some of the signatures. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that previously identified microRNAs using sporadic or mixed cohorts of FTD and ALS patients could potentially serve as biomarkers of C9orf72-associated disease, but not GRN-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Kmetzsch
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.,Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dario Saracino
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.,Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Daisy Rinaldi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.,Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Camuzat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Gareau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.,Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, FrontLab, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Colliot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
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4
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Abstract
When the non-coding repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene was discovered to be the most frequent cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 2011, this gene and its derived protein, C9ORF72, were completely unknown. The mutation appeared to produce both haploinsufficiency and gain-of-function effects in the form of aggregating expanded RNAs and dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). An unprecedented effort was then unleashed to decipher the pathogenic mechanisms and the functions of C9ORF72 in order to design therapies. A decade later, while the toxicity of accumulating gain-of-function products has been established and therapeutic strategies are being developed to target it, the contribution of the loss of function starts to appear more clearly. This article reviews the current knowledge about the C9ORF72 protein, how it is affected by the repeat expansion in models and patients, and what could be the contribution of its haploinsufficiency to the disease in light of the most recent findings. We suggest that these elements should be taken into consideration to refine future therapeutic strategies, compensating for the decrease of C9ORF72 or at least preventing a further reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Smeyers
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
- PSL Research university, EPHE, Neurogenetics team, Paris, France
| | - Elena-Gaia Banchi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience 6, Paris, France
- PSL Research university, EPHE, Neurogenetics team, Paris, France
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5
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Viodé A, Fournier C, Camuzat A, Fenaille F, Latouche M, Elahi F, Le Ber I, Junot C, Lamari F, Anquetil V, Becher F. New Antibody-Free Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantification Reveals That C9ORF72 Long Protein Isoform Is Reduced in the Frontal Cortex of Hexanucleotide-Repeat Expansion Carriers. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:589. [PMID: 30210275 PMCID: PMC6122177 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by behavioral and language disorders. The main genetic cause of FTD is an intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansion (G4C2)n in the C9ORF72 gene. A loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein associated with the allele-specific reduction of C9ORF72 expression is postulated to contribute to the disease pathogenesis. To better understand the contribution of the loss of function to the disease mechanism, we need to determine precisely the level of reduction in C9ORF72 long and short isoforms in brain tissue from patients with C9ORF72 mutations. In this study, we developed a sensitive and robust mass spectrometry (MS) method for quantifying C9ORF72 isoform levels in human brain tissue without requiring antibody or affinity reagent. An optimized workflow based on surfactant-aided protein extraction and pellet digestion was established for optimal recovery of the two isoforms in brain samples. Signature peptides, common or specific to the isoforms, were targeted in brain extracts by multiplex MS through the parallel reaction monitoring mode on a Quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometer. The assay was successfully validated and subsequently applied to frontal cortex brain samples from a cohort of FTD patients with C9ORF72 mutations and neurologically normal controls without mutations. We showed that the C9ORF72 short isoform in the frontal cortices is below detection threshold in all tested individuals and the C9ORF72 long isoform is significantly decreased in C9ORF72 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Viodé
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Fournier
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Èpinière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Camuzat
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Èpinière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Morwena Latouche
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Èpinière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Èpinière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France.,GRC 13 Neurométabolisme - UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Anquetil
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Èpinière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François Becher
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Saracino D, Clot F, Camuzat A, Anquetil V, Hannequin D, Guyant-Maréchal L, Didic M, Guillot-Noël L, Rinaldi D, Latouche M, Forlani S, Ghassab Y, Coppola C, Di Iorio G, David I, Le Guern E, Brice A, Le Ber I. Novel VCP mutations expand the mutational spectrum of frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:187.e11-187.e14. [PMID: 30005904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) mutations are rare causes of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementias associated with Paget's disease of bone, inclusion body myopathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We analyzed the VCP gene in a cohort of 199 patients with frontotemporal dementia and identified 7 heterozygous mutations in unrelated families, including 3 novel mutations segregating with dementia. This expands the VCP mutation spectrum and suggests that although VCP mutations are rare (3.5% in this study), the gene should be analyzed even in absence of the full syndromic complex. Reporting genetic variants with convincing arguments for pathogenicity is important considering the large amount of data generated by next-generation sequencing and the growing difficulties to interpret rare genetic variants identified in isolated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Saracino
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Second Division of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Clot
- UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Génétique, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Camuzat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; EPHE, PSL research University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Anquetil
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of neurology, CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, INS UMR_S 1106, and APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France; Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, APHM Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - Léna Guillot-Noël
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Daisy Rinaldi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yassaman Ghassab
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cinzia Coppola
- Second Division of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Iorio
- Second Division of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Isabelle David
- UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Génétique, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Le Guern
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; UF de Neurogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Génétique, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; National Reference Center for Neurogenetics, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Centre de référence des démences rares ou précoces, IM2A, Département de Neurologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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7
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Fournier C, Anquetil V, Camuzat A, Stirati-Buron S, Sazdovitch V, Molina-Porcel L, Turbant S, Rinaldi D, Sánchez-Valle R, Barbier M, Latouche M, Stevanin G, Seilhean D, Brice A, Duyckaerts C, Le Ber I. Interrupted CAG expansions in ATXN2 gene expand the genetic spectrum of frontotemporal dementias. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:41. [PMID: 29848387 PMCID: PMC5977499 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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8
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Ciura S, Lattante S, Le Ber I, Latouche M, Tostivint H, Brice A, Kabashi E. Loss of function of C9orf72 causes motor deficits in a zebrafish model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2014; 74:180-7. [PMID: 23720273 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the role that repeat expansions of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide sequence of the C9orf72 gene play in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). A genetic model for ALS was developed to determine whether loss of function of the zebrafish orthologue of C9orf72 (zC9orf72) leads to abnormalities in neuronal development. METHODS C9orf72 mRNA levels were quantified in brain and lymphoblasts derived from FTLD and ALS/FTLD patients and in zebrafish. Knockdown of the zC9orf72 was performed using 2 specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides to block transcription. Quantifications of spontaneous swimming and tactile escape response, as well as measurements of axonal projections from the spinal cord, were performed. RESULTS Significantly decreased expression of C9orf72 transcripts in brain and lymphoblasts was found in sporadic FTLD and ALS/FTLD patients with normal-size or expanded hexanucleotide repeats. The zC9orf72 is selectively expressed in the developing nervous system at developmental stages. Loss of function of the zC9orf72 transcripts causes both behavioral and cellular deficits related to locomotion without major morphological abnormalities. These deficits were rescued upon overexpression of human C9orf72 mRNA transcripts. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate C9orf72 haploinsufficiency could be a contributing factor in the spectrum of ALS/FTLD neurodegenerative disorders. Loss of function of the zebrafish orthologue of zC9orf72 expression in zebrafish is associated with axonal degeneration of motor neurons that can be rescued by expressing human C9orf72 mRNA, highlighting the specificity of the induced phenotype. These results reveal a pathogenic consequence of decreased C9orf72 levels, supporting a loss of function mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorana Ciura
- Research Center of the Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord CRICM, National Institute of Health and Medical Research - Inserm UMR_S975, National Center for Scientific Reseach CNRS UMR_7225, Pierre and Marie Curie University UPMC Paris 6, F-75013, Paris, France
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9
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Le Ber I, Camuzat A, Guerreiro R, Bouya-Ahmed K, Bras J, Nicolas G, Gabelle A, Didic M, De Septenville A, Millecamps S, Lenglet T, Latouche M, Kabashi E, Campion D, Hannequin D, Hardy J, Brice A. SQSTM1 mutations in French patients with frontotemporal dementia or frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:1403-10. [PMID: 24042580 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mutations in the SQSTM1 gene, coding for p62, are a cause of Paget disease of bone and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, SQSTM1 mutations were confirmed in ALS, and mutations were also identified in 3 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), suggesting a role for SQSTM1 in FTD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the exact contribution of SQSTM1 to FTD and FTD with ALS (FTD-ALS) in an independent cohort of patients. DESIGN A SQSTM1 mutation was first identified in a multiplex family with FTD by use of whole-exome sequencing. To evaluate the frequency of SQSTM1 mutations, we sequenced this gene in a cohort of patients with FTD or FTD-ALS, with no mutations in known FTD and ALS genes. SETTING Primary care or referral center. PARTICIPANTS An overall cohort of 188 French patients, including 132 probands with FTD and 56 probands with FTD-ALS. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Frequency of SQSTM1 mutations in patients with FTD or FTD-ALS; description of associated phenotypes. RESULTS We identified 4 heterozygous missense mutations in 4 unrelated families with FTD; only 1 family had clinical symptoms of Paget disease of bone, and only 1 family had clinical symptoms of FTD-ALS, possibly owing to the low penetrance of some of the clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the frequency of the mutations is low in our series (4 of 188 patients [2%]), our results, similar to those already reported, support a direct pathogenic role of p62 in different types of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Ber
- INSERM, UMR_S975, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France2Université Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013, Paris, France3Centre national de la recherche scientifique, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France4AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares, Paris, France5AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des maladies du système nerveux, Paris, France
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10
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Chort A, Alves S, Marinello M, Dufresnois B, Dornbierer JG, Tesson C, Latouche M, Baker DP, Barkats M, El Hachimi KH, Ruberg M, Janer A, Stevanin G, Brice A, Sittler A. Interferon beta induces clearance of mutant ataxin 7 and improves locomotion in SCA7 knock-in mice. Brain 2013; 136:1732-45. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Arthur-Farraj P, Latouche M, Wilton D, Quintes S, Chabrol E, Banerjee A, Woodhoo A, Jenkins B, Rahman M, Turmaine M, Wicher G, Mitter R, Greensmith L, Behrens A, Raivich G, Mirsky R, Jessen K. c-Jun reprograms Schwann cells of injured nerves to generate a repair cell essential for regeneration. Neuron 2012; 75:633-47. [PMID: 22920255 PMCID: PMC3657176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The radical response of peripheral nerves to injury (Wallerian degeneration) is the cornerstone of nerve repair. We show that activation of the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells is a global regulator of Wallerian degeneration. c-Jun governs major aspects of the injury response, determines the expression of trophic factors, adhesion molecules, the formation of regeneration tracks and myelin clearance and controls the distinctive regenerative potential of peripheral nerves. A key function of c-Jun is the activation of a repair program in Schwann cells and the creation of a cell specialized to support regeneration. We show that absence of c-Jun results in the formation of a dysfunctional repair cell, striking failure of functional recovery, and neuronal death. We conclude that a single glial transcription factor is essential for restoration of damaged nerves, acting to control the transdifferentiation of myelin and Remak Schwann cells to dedicated repair cells in damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Arthur-Farraj
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel K. Wilton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Susanne Quintes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elodie Chabrol
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ambily Banerjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Metabolomics Unit, CICbioGune, Parque Tecnológico de Bizcaia, 48160 Derio, Bizcaia, Spain
| | - Billy Jenkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mary Rahman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Grzegorz K. Wicher
- Neuro-Oncology Group, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Mitter
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, London Research Institute, CRUK, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, London Research Institute, CRUK, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gennadij Raivich
- Perinatal Brain Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kristján R. Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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12
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Fontana X, Hristova M, Da Costa C, Patodia S, Thei L, Makwana M, Spencer-Dene B, Latouche M, Mirsky R, Jessen KR, Klein R, Raivich G, Behrens A. c-Jun in Schwann cells promotes axonal regeneration and motoneuron survival via paracrine signaling. J Cell Biol 2012; 198:127-41. [PMID: 22753894 PMCID: PMC3392945 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun is a master regulator of the axonal response in neurons. c-Jun also functions as a negative regulator of myelination in Schwann cells (SCs) and is strongly reactivated in SCs upon axonal injury. We demonstrate here that, after injury, the absence of c-Jun specifically in SCs caused impaired axonal regeneration and severely increased neuronal cell death. c-Jun deficiency resulted in decreased expression of several neurotrophic factors, and GDNF and Artemin, both of which encode ligands for the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase, were identified as novel direct c-Jun target genes. Genetic inactivation of Ret specifically in neurons resulted in regeneration defects without affecting motoneuron survival and, conversely, administration of recombinant GDNF and Artemin protein substantially ameliorated impaired regeneration caused by c-Jun deficiency. These results reveal an unexpected function for c-Jun in SCs in response to axonal injury, and identify paracrine Ret signaling as an important mediator of c-Jun function in SCs during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fontana
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, England, UK
| | - Clive Da Costa
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| | - Smriti Patodia
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, England, UK
| | - Laura Thei
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, England, UK
| | - Milan Makwana
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, England, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK
| | - Morwena Latouche
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Kristjan R. Jessen
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Munich-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gennadij Raivich
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, England, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, England, UK
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13
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Roberts RC, Peden AA, Buss F, Bright NA, Latouche M, Reilly MM, Kendrick-Jones J, Luzio JP. Mistargeting of SH3TC2 away from the recycling endosome causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1009-18. [PMID: 20028792 PMCID: PMC2830826 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the functionally uncharacterized protein SH3TC2 are associated with the severe hereditary peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C). Similarly, to other proteins mutated in CMT, a role for SH3TC2 in endocytic membrane traffic has been previously proposed. However, recent descriptions of the intracellular localization of SH3TC2 are conflicting. Furthermore, no clear functional pathogenic mechanisms have so far been proposed to explain why both nonsense and missense mutations in SH3TC2 lead to similar clinical phenotypes. Here, we describe our intracellular localization studies, supported by biochemical and functional data, using wild-type and mutant SH3TC2. We show that wild-type SH3TC2 targets to the intracellular recycling endosome by associating with the small GTPase, Rab11, which is known to regulate the recycling of internalized membrane and receptors back to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SH3TC2 interacts preferentially with the GTP-bound form of Rab11, identifying SH3TC2 as a novel Rab11 effector. Of clinical pathological relevance, all SH3TC2 constructs harbouring disease-causing mutations are shown to be unable to associate with Rab11 with consequent loss of recycling endosome localization. Moreover, we show that wild-type SH3TC2, but not mutant SH3TC2, influences transferrin receptor dynamics, consistent with a functional role on the endocytic recycling pathway. Our data therefore implicate mistargeting of SH3TC2 away from the recycling endosome as the fundamental molecular defect that leads to CMT4C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys C Roberts
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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14
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Latouche M, Lasbleiz C, Martin E, Monnier V, Debeir T, Mouatt-Prigent A, Muriel MP, Morel L, Ruberg M, Brice A, Stevanin G, Tricoire H. A conditional pan-neuronal Drosophila model of spinocerebellar ataxia 7 with a reversible adult phenotype suitable for identifying modifier genes. J Neurosci 2007; 27:2483-92. [PMID: 17344386 PMCID: PMC6672519 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5453-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the ataxin 7 (ATXN7) protein, a member of a multiprotein complex involved in histone acetylation. We have created a conditional Drosophila model of SCA7 in which expression of truncated ATXN7 (ATXN7T) with a pathogenic polyQ expansion is induced in neurons in adult flies. In this model, mutant ATXN7T accumulated in neuronal intranuclear inclusions containing ubiquitin, the 19S proteasome subunit, and HSP70 (heat shock protein 70), as in patients. Aggregation was accompanied by a decrease in locomotion and lifespan but limited neuronal death. Disaggregation of the inclusions, when expression of expanded ATXN7T was stopped, correlated with improved locomotor function and increased lifespan, suggesting that the pathology may respond to treatment. Lifespan was then used as a quantitative marker in a candidate gene approach to validate the interest of the model and to identify generic modulators of polyQ toxicity and specific modifiers of SCA7. Several molecular pathways identified in this focused screen (proteasome function, unfolded protein stress, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and histone acetylation) were further studied in primary neuronal cultures. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, improved the survival time of the neurons. This model is therefore a powerful tool for studying SCA7 and for the development of potential therapies for polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morwena Latouche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Christelle Lasbleiz
- Centre National de la Rechereche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Insititut Jacques Monod, Campus Universitaire de Jussieu, Paris F-75251, France, and
| | - Elodie Martin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Véronique Monnier
- Centre National de la Rechereche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Insititut Jacques Monod, Campus Universitaire de Jussieu, Paris F-75251, France, and
| | - Thomas Debeir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Annick Mouatt-Prigent
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Marie-Paule Muriel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Lydie Morel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Merle Ruberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Départment de Génétique, Cytogénétique, et Embryologie, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 679, Paris F-75013, France
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie–Paris 6, Institut Fédératif de Recherche de Neurosciences (IFR70), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S679, Group Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Paris F-75013, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Départment de Génétique, Cytogénétique, et Embryologie, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Hérvé Tricoire
- Centre National de la Rechereche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Insititut Jacques Monod, Campus Universitaire de Jussieu, Paris F-75251, France, and
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15
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Namekawa M, Muriel MP, Janer A, Latouche M, Dauphin A, Debeir T, Martin E, Duyckaerts C, Prigent A, Depienne C, Sittler A, Brice A, Ruberg M. Mutations in the SPG3A gene encoding the GTPase atlastin interfere with vesicle trafficking in the ER/Golgi interface and Golgi morphogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007; 35:1-13. [PMID: 17321752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SPG3A causing autosomal dominant pure spastic paraplegia led to identification of atlastin, a new dynamin-like large GTPase. Atlastin is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi, neurites and growth cones and has been implicated in neurite outgrowth. To investigate whether it exerts its activity in the early secretory system, we expressed normal and mutant atlastin in cell culture. Pathogenic mutations in the GTPase domain interfered with the maturation of Golgi complexes by preventing the budding of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas mutations in other regions of the protein disrupted fission of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles or their migration to their Golgi target. Atlastin, therefore, plays a role in vesicle trafficking in the ER/Golgi interface. Furthermore, atlastin partially co-localized with proteins of the p24/emp/gp25L family that regulate vesicle budding and trafficking in the early secretory pathway, and co-immunoprecipitated p24, suggesting a functional relationship that should be further explored.
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Janer A, Martin E, Muriel MP, Latouche M, Fujigasaki H, Ruberg M, Brice A, Trottier Y, Sittler A. PML clastosomes prevent nuclear accumulation of mutant ataxin-7 and other polyglutamine proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 174:65-76. [PMID: 16818720 PMCID: PMC2064165 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200511045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 and other neurodegenerative polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders correlates with the aberrant accumulation of toxic polyQ-expanded proteins in the nucleus. Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies are often present in polyQ aggregates, but their relation to pathogenesis is unclear. We show that expression of PML isoform IV leads to the formation of distinct nuclear bodies enriched in components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These bodies recruit soluble mutant ataxin-7 and promote its degradation by proteasome-dependent proteolysis, thus preventing the aggregate formation. Inversely, disruption of the endogenous nuclear bodies with cadmium increases the nuclear accumulation and aggregation of mutant ataxin-7, demonstrating their role in ataxin-7 turnover. Interestingly, β-interferon treatment, which induces the expression of endogenous PML IV, prevents the accumulation of transiently expressed mutant ataxin-7 without affecting the level of the endogenous wild-type protein. Therefore, clastosomes represent a potential therapeutic target for preventing polyQ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U679, Neurologie et Thérapeutique Expérimentale, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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17
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Latouche M, Fragner P, Martin E, El Hachimi KH, Zander C, Sittler A, Ruberg M, Brice A, Stevanin G. Polyglutamine and polyalanine expansions in ataxin7 result in different types of aggregation and levels of toxicity. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 31:438-45. [PMID: 16325416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is caused by expansion of a (CAG)n repeat in the ataxin7 gene, resulting in an abnormally long polyglutamine polyQ tract in the translated protein that aggregates in the form of neuronal intranuclear inclusions. Polyalanine (polyA) stretches, implicated in several genetic disorders, also appear to aggregate. To investigate the role of the aggregates in the pathologies, we compared the effects of ataxin7 containing a polyA (ataxin7 - 90A) or polyQ (ataxin7 - 100Q) expansion in HEK 293 cells and in primary cultures of rat mesencephalon. Both proteins formed nuclear and perinuclear aggregates that contained molecular chaperones and components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, suggesting that they were abnormally folded. Ataxin-90A aggregates differed morphologically from ataxin7 - 100Q aggregates, consisted of small and amorphous rather than fibrillar inclusions and were more toxic to mesencephalic neurons, suggesting that toxicity was determined by the type of aggregate rather than the cellular misfolding response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morwena Latouche
- INSERM U679 (former U289), Neurologie et Thérapeutique Expérimentale, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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18
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Periquet M, Latouche M, Lohmann E, Rawal N, De Michele G, Ricard S, Teive H, Fraix V, Vidailhet M, Nicholl D, Barone P, Wood NW, Raskin S, Deleuze JF, Agid Y, Dürr A, Brice A. Parkin mutations are frequent in patients with isolated early-onset parkinsonism. Brain 2003; 126:1271-8. [PMID: 12764050 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awg136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin gene mutations are reported to be a major cause of early-onset parkinsonism (age at onset < or = 45 years) in families with autosomal recessive inheritance and in isolated juvenile-onset parkinsonism (age at onset <20 years). However, the precise frequency of parkin mutations in isolated cases is not known. In order to evaluate the frequency of parkin mutations in patients with isolated early-onset parkinsonism according to their age at onset, we studied 146 patients of various geographical origin with an age at onset < or = 45 years. All were screened for mutations in the parkin gene using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction combined with sequencing of the entire coding region. We identified parkin mutations in 20 patients including three new exon rearrangements and two new missense mutations. These results, taken in conjunction with those of our previous study (Lücking et al., 2000) show that parkin mutations account for at least 15% (38 out of 246) of our early-onset cases without family history, but that the proportion decreases significantly with increasing age at onset. There were no clinical group differences between parkin cases and other patients with early-onset parkinsonism. However, a single case presenting with cerebellar ataxia several years before typical parkinsonism extends the spectrum of parkin related-disease.
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