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Sedaghat AR, Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hellings PW, Kern RC, Reitsma S, Toppila-Salmi S, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Mullol J, Gevaert P, Teeling T, Alobid I, Anselmo-Lima WT, Baroody FM, Cervin A, Cohen NA, Constantinidis J, De Gabory L, Desrosiers M, Harvey RJ, Kalogjera L, Knill A, Landis BN, Meco C, Philpott CM, Ryan D, Schlosser RJ, Senior BA, Smith TL, Tomazic PV, Zhang L, Hopkins C. Consensus criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis disease control: an international Delphi Study. Rhinology 2023; 61:519-530. [PMID: 37804121 DOI: 10.4193/rhin23.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease control is a global metric of disease status for CRS. While there is broad acceptance that it is an important treatment goal, there has been inconsistency in the criteria used to define CRS control. The objective of this study was to identify and develop consensus around essential criteria for assessment of CRS disease control. METHODS Modified Delphi methodology consisting of three rounds to review a list of 24 possible CRS control criteria developed by a 12-person steering committee. The core authorship of the multidisciplinary EPOS 2020 guidelines was invited to participate. RESULTS Thirty-two individuals accepted the invitation to participate and there was no dropout of participants throughout the entire study (3 rounds). Consensus essential criteria for assessment of CRS control were: overall symptom severity, need for CRS-related systemic corticosteroids in the prior 6 months, severity of nasal obstruction, and patient-reported CRS control. Near-consensus items were: nasal endoscopy findings, severity of smell loss, overall quality of life, impairment of normal activities and severity of nasal discharge. Participants’ comments provided insights into caveats of, and disagreements related to, near-consensus items. CONCLUSIONS Overall symptom severity, use of CRS-related systemic corticosteroids, severity of nasal obstruction, and patient-reported CRS control are widely agreed upon essential criteria for assessment of CRS disease control. Consideration of near-consensus items to assess CRS control should be implemented with their intrinsic caveats in mind. These identified consensus CRS control criteria, together with evidence-based support, will provide a foundation upon which CRS control criteria with wide-spread acceptance can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sedaghat
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P W Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - R C Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Toppila-Salmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Finland and Department of Allergy, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - J Mullol
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Gevaert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Teeling
- Patient representative, Task Force Healthcare, WTC Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - I Alobid
- Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W T Anselmo-Lima
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School-University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Baroody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and the Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Cervin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - N A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Constantinidis
- 1st Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L De Gabory
- Rhinology and Plastic Surgery Unit, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatric ENT Department, CHU ux, Hospital Pellegrin, Centre F-X Michelet, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Desrosiers
- Department of ORL-HNS, Universitat de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - R J Harvey
- Rhinology and Skull Base Department, Applied Medical Research Centre, UNSW (Conjoint) and Macquarie University (Clinical), Sydney, Australia
| | - L Kalogjera
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine; University Hospital Center, Sestre milosrdnice,Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Knill
- Patient representative, Sinus UK, London, UK
| | - B N Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Meco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C M Philpott
- Rhinology and ENT Research Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK and Norfolk and Waveney ENT Service, James Paget University Hospital, Great Yarmouth and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - D Ryan
- Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK and International Primary Care Respiratory Group, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - R J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B A Senior
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T L Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Oregon Health
| | - P V Tomazic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China and Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China and Research Unit of Diagnosis and T
| | - C Hopkins
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
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Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Orlandi R, Adriaensen GF, Alobid I, Baroody FM, Bjermer L, Senior BA, Cervin A, Cohen NA, Constantinidis J, De Corso E, Desrosiers M, Diamant Z, Douglas RG, Gane S, Gevaert P, Han JK, Harvey RJ, Hopkins C, Kern RC, Landis BN, Lee JT, Lee SE, Leunig A, Lund VJ, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Mullol J, Philpott C, Prokopakis E, Reitsma S, Ryan D, Salmi S, Scadding G, Schlosser RJ, Steinsvik A, Tomazic PV, Van Staeyen E, Van Zele T, Vanderveken O, Viskens AS, Conti D, Wagenmann M. The EUFOREA pocket guide for chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 2023; 61:85-89. [PMID: 36507741 DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is known to affect around 5 % of the total population, with major impact on the quality of life of those severely affected (1). Despite a substantial burden on individuals, society and health economies, CRS often remains underdiagnosed, under-estimated and under-treated (2). International guidelines like the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) (3) and the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis 2021 (ICAR) (4) offer physicians insight into the recommended treatment options for CRS, with an overview of effective strategies and guidance of diagnosis and care throughout the disease journey of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Hellings
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospital Ghent, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Laboratory of Upper Airways Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of otorhinolaryngology and head/neck surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Nethe
| | - W J Fokkens
- Department of otorhinolaryngology and head/neck surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherland
| | - R Orlandi
- Rhinology and Skull Base, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro Medico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G F Adriaensen
- Department of otorhinolaryngology and head/neck surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherland
| | - I Alobid
- Rhinology and Skull Base, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro Medico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F M Baroody
- The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - L Bjermer
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - B A Senior
- Division of Rhinology, Allergy, and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Cervin
- The university of Queensland Centra for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Constantinidis
- 1st Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, Aristotle University, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E De Corso
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Universita; Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - M Desrosiers
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universita de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Z Diamant
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R G Douglas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Gane
- Royal National Ear, Nose and Throat and Eastman Dental Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Gevaert
- University Hospital Ghent, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Laboratory of Upper Airways Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J K Han
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - R J Harvey
- Rhinology and Skull Base, Applied Medical Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA; Faculty of medicine and heath sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Hopkins
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Guys and St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B N Landis
- Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - J T Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S E Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Leunig
- Rhinology Center, Munich and ENT-Clinic, Munich, Germany
| | - V J Lund
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | | | - J Mullol
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Philpott
- NIHR UCLH Biomedical research Centre, London, UK; Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Prokopakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - S Reitsma
- Department of otorhinolaryngology and head/neck surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherland
| | - D Ryan
- Usher institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Salmi
- Medicum, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Scadding
- Royal National Ear, Nose and Throat and Eastman Dental Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - R J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - P V Tomazic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E Van Staeyen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Van Zele
- University Hospital Ghent, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Laboratory of Upper Airways Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - O Vanderveken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium; Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorder Center, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A-S Viskens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - M Wagenmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universitatsklinikum Disseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Rozenboim I, Mahato J, Cohen NA, Tirosh O. Low protein and high-energy diet: a possible natural cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in caged White Leghorn laying hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:612-21. [PMID: 26755655 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic condition of chicken and other birds caused by diverse nutritional, hormonal, environmental, and metabolic factors. Here we studied the effect of different diet composition on the induction of FLHS in single comb White Leghorn (WL) Hy-line laying hens. Seventy six (76) young WL (26 wks old) laying hens and 69 old hens (84 wks old) of the same breed were each divided into 4 treatment groups and provided 4 different diet treatments. The diet treatments included: control (C), 17.5% CP, 3.5% fat (F); normal protein, high fat (HF), 17.5% CP, 7% F; low protein, normal fat (LP), 13% CP, 3.5% F; and low protein, high fat (LPHF), 13% CP, 6.5% F. The diets containing high fat also had a higher ME of 3,000 kcal/kg of feed while the other 2 diets with normal fat had a regular lower amount of ME (2750 kcal/kg). Hen-day egg production (HDEP), ADFI, BW, egg weight, plasma enzymes indicating liver damage (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]), liver and abdominal fat weight, liver color score (LCS), liver hemorrhagic score (LHS), liver fat content (LFC), liver histological examination, lipid peroxidation product in the liver, and genes indicating liver inflammation were evaluated. HDEP, ADFI, BW, and egg weight were significantly decreased in the LPHF diet group, while egg weight was also decreased in the LP diet group. In the young hens (LPHF group), ALP was found significantly higher at 30 d of diet treatment and was numerically higher throughout the experiment, while AST was significantly higher at 105 d of treatment. LCS, LHS, and LFC were significantly higher in young hens on the LPHF diet treatment. A liver histological examination shows more lipid vacuolization in the LPHF treatment diet. HF or LP alone had no significant effect on LFC, LHS, or LCS. We suggest that LP in the diet with higher ME from fat can be a possible natural cause for predisposing laying hens to FLHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rozenboim
- Department of Animal Science; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot
| | - J Mahato
- Department of Animal Science; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot
| | - N A Cohen
- Department of Animal Science; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot
| | - O Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot
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Woodworth BA, Chiu AG, Cohen NA, Kennedy DW, O'Malley BW, Palmer JN. Real-time computed tomography image update for endoscopic skull base surgery. J Laryngol Otol 2007; 122:361-5. [PMID: 17697445 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215107000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of computer-aided systems for endoscopic sinus surgery has enabled surgical navigation through diseased or surgically altered sinus anatomy with increased confidence. However, conventional computer-aided systems do not provide intra-operative updated computed tomography imaging. We describe the technical aspects of the xCAT, a new intra-operative mobile volume computed tomography scanner. TECHNICAL REPORT A patient with a malignant melanoma unwittingly removed at another hospital underwent surgery for removal of the lateral nasal wall and directed biopsies, in an attempt to identify the site of tumour origin. The procedure was performed with the GE InstaTrak 3500 Plus computer-aided system, updated with intra-operative computed tomography images. Intra-operative, updated images were integrated successfully into the InstaTrak system, and these images were consistent with the observed endoscopic anatomy. CONCLUSION The xCAT intra-operative mobile volume computed tomography scanner is a technological advancement that can assist the endoscopic sinus surgeon when performing complex rhinological and skull base procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Woodworth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Ma W, Grant GM, Pancrazio JJ, Kao WY, Shaffer KM, Liu QY, Barker JL, Cohen NA, Stenger DA. Kir 4.1 channel expression in neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid NG108-15 cell line. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1999; 114:127-34. [PMID: 10209250 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To study a possible involvement of inwardly rectifying K+ 4.1 (Kir 4. 1) channels in neural cell development, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to assess expression of Kir 4.1 channels in proliferating and differentiated NG108-15 cells. RT-PCR revealed co-expression of Kir 4.1 and rat ether-a-go-go-related gene (R-ERG) mRNAs in both proliferating and differentiated cells. The relative Kir 4.1 mRNA concentration increased markedly as cells progressed from undifferentiated to differentiated cells. Kir 4.1-immunoreactivity was barely detectable in undifferentiated cells, but clearly detected in differentiated cells, indicating that Kir 4.1 gene and protein expressions are developmentally regulated. However, corresponding Kir 4.1 current could not be detected in differentiated cells using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. The 'silent' channel/receptor, often found in tumor cells, may carry genetic defects, which prevent functional expression of the channel. NG108-15 may serve as unique model for studying the relationship between the expression of an ion channel gene and the electrophysiological phenotype it encodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Burnett PE, Barrow RK, Cohen NA, Snyder SH, Sabatini DM. RAFT1 phosphorylation of the translational regulators p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:1432-7. [PMID: 9465032 PMCID: PMC19032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 909] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex of rapamycin with its intracellular receptor, FKBP12, interacts with RAFT1/FRAP/mTOR, the in vivo rapamycin-sensitive target and a member of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-related family of kinases that share homology with the catalytic domain of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The function of RAFT1 in the rapamycin-sensitive pathway and its connection to downstream components of the pathway, such as p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, are poorly understood. Here, we show that RAFT1 directly phosphorylates p70(S6k), 4E-BP1, and 4E-BP2 and that serum stimulates RAFT1 kinase activity with kinetics similar to those of p70(S6k) and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. RAFT1 phosphorylates p70(S6k) on Thr-389, a residue whose phosphorylation is rapamycin-sensitive in vivo and necessary for S6 kinase activity. RAFT1 phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 on Thr-36 and Thr-45 blocks its association with the cap-binding protein, eIF-4E, in vitro, and phosphorylation of Thr-45 seems to be the major regulator of the 4E-BP1-eIF-4E interaction in vivo. RAFT1 phosphorylates p70(S6k) much more effectively than 4E-BP1, and the phosphorylation sites on the two proteins show little homology. This raises the possibility that, in vivo, an unidentified kinase analogous to p70(S6k) is activated by RAFT1 phosphorylation and acts at the rapamycin-sensitive phosphorylation sites of 4E-BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Burnett
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Jaffrey SR, Snowman AM, Eliasson MJ, Cohen NA, Snyder SH. CAPON: a protein associated with neuronal nitric oxide synthase that regulates its interactions with PSD95. Neuron 1998; 20:115-24. [PMID: 9459447 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is important for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent neurotransmitter release, neurotoxicity, and cyclic GMP elevations. The coupling of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx and nNOS activation is postulated to be due to a physical coupling of the receptor and the enzyme by an intermediary adaptor protein, PSD95, through a unique PDZ-PDZ domain interaction between PSD95 and nNOS. Here, we report the identification of a novel nNOS-associated protein, CAPON, which is highly enriched in brain and has numerous colocalizations with nNOS. CAPON interacts with the nNOS PDZ domain through its C terminus. CAPON competes with PSD95 for interaction with nNOS, and overexpression of CAPON results in a loss of PSD95/nNOS complexes in transfected cells. CAPON may influence nNOS by regulating its ability to associate with PSD95/NMDA receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Jaffrey
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Abstract
Agrin, a synaptic basal lamina protein, is essential for the formation of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Agrin's role in synaptogenesis in the central nervous system has, however, not been elucidated. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of agrin localization in adult rat brain using agrin-specific polyclonal antibodies. Our results show that agrin immunoreactivity is detected in neuronal cells throughout the brain, and that agrin is expressed in many morphologically and neurochemically distinct neuronal populations. Within neurons, agrin-immunoreactive material is present in dendrites. To determine agrin isoform expression in the central nervous system, we analysed the pattern of expression of several isoforms during development of the rat brain. Our results indicate that alternative splicing of agrin is specifically regulated in the nervous system; isoforms of the Y=4 (i.e. Ag x,4,0, Ag x,4,8 and Ag x,4,19), Z=8 and Z=19 type are expressed exclusively in the nervous system. Agrin expression precedes synaptogenesis and is developmentally regulated in neural tissues. To evaluate stimuli that may be involved in the regulation of agrin expression, we monitored the patterns of isoform expression following a depolarizing stimulus. Our results show that agrin expression in the adult hippocampus is regulated in an activity-dependent manner, with kinetics of induction resembling a delayed early response gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cohen
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Cohen NA, Sha Q, Makhina EN, Lopatin AN, Linder ME, Snyder SH, Nichols CG. Inhibition of an inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.3) by G-protein betagamma subunits. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:32301-5. [PMID: 8943291 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.50.32301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of G-protein inhibition of inward rectifier K+ currents was examined by co-expression of G-proteins and cloned Kir2 channel subunits in Xenopus oocytes. Channels encoded by Kir2.3 (HRK1/HIR/BIRK2/BIR11) were completely suppressed by co-expression with G-protein betagamma subunits, whereas channels encoded by Kir2. 1 (IRK1), which shares 60% amino acid identity with Kir2.3, were unaffected. Co-expression of Galphai1 and Galphaq subunits also partially suppressed Kir2.3 currents, but Galphat, Galphas, and a constitutively active mutant of Galphail (Q204L) were ineffective. Gbetagamma and Kir2.3 subunits were co-immunoprecipitated using an anti-Kir2.3 antibody. Direct binding of G-protein betagamma subunits to fusion proteins containing Kir2.3 N terminus, but not to fusion proteins containing Kir2.1 N terminus, was also demonstrated. The results are consistent with suppression of Kir2.3 currents resulting from a direct protein-protein interaction between the channel and G-protein betagamma subunits. When Kir2.1 and Kir2.3 subunits were coexpressed, the G-protein inhibitory phenotype of Kir2.3 was dominant, suggesting that co-expression of Kir2.3 with other Kir subunits might give rise to novel G-protein-inhibitable inward rectifier currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Abstract
Dynamic regulation of ion channel interactions with the cytoskeleton mediates aspects of synaptic plasticity, yet mechanisms for this process are largely unknown. Here, we report that two inwardly rectifying K+ channels, Kir 2.1 and 2.3, bind to PSD-95, a cytoskeletal protein of postsynaptic densities that clusters NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent K+ channels. Kir 2.3 colocalizes with PSD-95 in neuronal populations in forebrain, and a PSD-95/Kir 2.3 complex occurs in hippocampus. Within the C-terminal tail of Kir 2.3, a serine residue critical for interaction with PSD-95, is also a substrate for phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). Stimulation of PKA in intact cells causes rapid dissociation of the channel from PSD-95. This work identifies a physiological mechanism for regulating ion channel interactions with the postsynaptic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cohen
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Bredt DS, Wang TL, Cohen NA, Guggino WB, Snyder SH. Cloning and expression of two brain-specific inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6753-7. [PMID: 7624316 PMCID: PMC41407 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have cloned two inwardly rectifying K+ channels that occur selectively in neurons in the brain and are designated BIRK (brain inwardly rectifying K+) channels. BIRK1 mRNA is extremely abundant and is enriched in specific brainstem nuclei, BIRK1 displays a consensus phosphate-binding loop, and expression in Xenopus oocytes has shown that its conductance is inhibited by ATP and adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate. BIRK2 is far less abundant and is selectively localized in telencephalic neurons. BIRK2 has a consensus sequence for cAMP-dependent phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Bredt
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Jaffrey SR, Cohen NA, Rouault TA, Klausner RD, Snyder SH. The iron-responsive element binding protein: a target for synaptic actions of nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:12994-8. [PMID: 7809162 PMCID: PMC45567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular targets for the actions of nitric oxide (NO) have only been partially clarified. The dynamic properties of the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster of the iron responsive-element binding protein (IRE-BP) suggested that it might serve as a target for NO produced in response to glutamatergic stimulation in neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate that N-methyl-D-aspartate, acting through NO, stimulates the RNA-binding function of the IRE-BP in brain slices while diminishing its aconitase activity. In addition, we demonstrate a selective localization of the IRE-BP in discrete neuronal structures, suggesting a potential role for this protein in the response of neurons to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Jaffrey
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Cohen NA, Egorin MJ, Snyder SW, Ashar B, Wietharn BE, Pan SS, Ross DD, Hilton J. Interaction of N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide and N,N',N''-triethylenephosphoramide with cellular DNA. Cancer Res 1991; 51:4360-6. [PMID: 1714342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic agents N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide (thioTEPA) and N,N',N''-triethylenephosphoramide (TEPA) were studied for their interaction with the DNA of L1210 cells in the presence and absence of rat hepatic microsomes and NADPH. Alkaline elution was used to study 3 types of DNA lesions. When L1210 cells were incubated with thioTEPA alone, or with thioTEPA in the presence of microsomes and NADPH, no single-strand breaks were detected. However, incubation of L1210 cells for 2 h with thioTEPA, at concentrations greater than or equal to 100 microM, caused a dose-dependent increase in interstrand cross-linking that reached a maximum by 2 h after drug exposure. In the presence of rat hepatic microsomes and NADPH, this cross-linking was eliminated, but a different DNA lesion, alkali-labile sites, was produced. These alkali-labile sites were partially reparable with maximum repair achieved by 2 h after removal of drug. ThioTEPA was greater than 85% consumed by the microsomal incubation conditions employed, and TEPA was the only product of the microsomal metabolism of thioTEPA. Alkaline elution studies of L1210 cells that had been incubated with TEPA, alone or in the presence of microsomes and NADPH, demonstrated an elution pattern identical to that produced by thioTEPA in the presence of microsomes and NADPH. Lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with Fanconi's anemia were far more sensitive to thioTEPA and mechlorethamine hydrochloride than were lymphoblasts derived from normal humans, but this hypersensitivity was not noted with TEPA or bleomycin. This is consistent with the known hypersensitivity of cells from patients with Fanconi's anemia to agents that produce interstrand cross-links and with the alkaline elution studies described above. In contrast, lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with ataxia telangiectasia were no more sensitive to thioTEPA than were lymphoblasts derived from normal humans but were far more sensitive to bleomycin. One of these cell lines proved hypersensitive to TEPA, whereas the other was no more sensitive to TEPA than were lymphoblasts from normal humans. Our data imply that thioTEPA produces interstrand cross-links but that TEPA, the primary metabolite of thioTEPA, produces DNA lesions that are alkali labile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cohen
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore 21201
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Abstract
Pentamorphone is a novel, potent opiate with rapid onset and short duration of action that has been reported to produce analgesia with limited depression of ventilation. We quantified the effects of pentamorphone (0.08, 0.24, and 0.60 micrograms/kg, IV) on ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 12 healthy volunteers. Normoxic hypercapnia and isocapnic hypoxia were induced through a rebreathing method. During each test we recorded ventilation (VE), end tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2), and arterial oxygen saturation (SO2) using a pulse oximeter. Using linear regression analysis of the relationships between VE and PCO2 during hypercapnia and VE and SO2 during hypoxia, we determined the slope (slope CO2) and intercept (V55), both at PCO2 55 mm Hg, and the slope (slope O2) and intercept (V80) at SO2 80%. Pentamorphone produced dose-related reductions in the ventilatory responses to both hypercapnia and hypoxia. Maximal depression occurred 15 min after injection of pentamorphone with all doses; the highest dose (0.60 micrograms/kg) produced 48% and 53% reductions in slope CO2 and V55, and 42% and 22% reductions in slope O2 and V80, respectively, relative to parallel saline controls. The respiratory depressant actions of pentamorphone were short-lived, as all parameters returned to baseline levels within 45 min. Testing was continued for 180 min after injection, but no delayed ventilatory effects were detected, and minimal side effects were reported, even at the highest dose. The findings confirm previous reports that pentamorphone has limited ventilatory depressant effects in humans in doses that (in other studies) have been associated with clinically effective analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Afifi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Cohen NA. Distribution of LDH-1 in normal, ischemic, and necrotic myocardium: an immunoperoxidase study. Am J Clin Pathol 1984; 82:129. [PMID: 6741870 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/82.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Cohen NA. Reference values for creatine kinase MB. Clin Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/30.6.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cohen NA. Reference values for creatine kinase MB. Clin Chem 1984; 30:1102. [PMID: 6723021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cohen NA. Macrocytosis. Arch Intern Med 1979; 139:1317-8. [PMID: 508035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cohen NA, Ahmad AS. Epidermoid cysts of spleen. Importance of identification. N Y State J Med 1976; 76:2020-1. [PMID: 1069195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cohen NA. Letters to the editor: Hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis. Am J Clin Pathol 1975; 64:705. [PMID: 1190130 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/64.5.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Kennedy JB, Caruana J, Cohen NA. A simple method for preparing a hemoglobin control solution. Am J Med Technol 1970; 36:562-4. [PMID: 5488312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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