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Dinerstein E, Vynne C, Sala E, Joshi AR, Fernando S, Lovejoy TE, Mayorga J, Olson D, Asner GP, Baillie JEM, Burgess ND, Burkart K, Noss RF, Zhang YP, Baccini A, Birch T, Hahn N, Joppa LN, Wikramanayake E. A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw2869. [PMID: 31016243 PMCID: PMC6474764 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Global Deal for Nature (GDN) is a time-bound, science-driven plan to save the diversity and abundance of life on Earth. Pairing the GDN and the Paris Climate Agreement would avoid catastrophic climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services. New findings give urgency to this union: Less than half of the terrestrial realm is intact, yet conserving all native ecosystems-coupled with energy transition measures-will be required to remain below a 1.5°C rise in average global temperature. The GDN targets 30% of Earth to be formally protected and an additional 20% designated as climate stabilization areas, by 2030, to stay below 1.5°C. We highlight the 67% of terrestrial ecoregions that can meet 30% protection, thereby reducing extinction threats and carbon emissions from natural reservoirs. Freshwater and marine targets included here extend the GDN to all realms and provide a pathway to ensuring a more livable biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Sala
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A. R. Joshi
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - J. Mayorga
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - D. Olson
- Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - N. D. Burgess
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. Burkart
- Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R. F. Noss
- Florida Institute for Conservation Science, Chuluota, FL, USA
| | - Y. P. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - A. Baccini
- Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | - N. Hahn
- RESOLVE, Washington, DC, USA
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Witjes J, Gschwend J, Palou J, Meng M, Chang S, Shore N, Konety B, Steinberg G, Nishiyama H, Taylor J, Elegbe A, Lambert A, Zhu L, Ishii Y, Maeda T, Raybold B, Grossfeld G, Fischer B, Rutstein M, Hahn N. A phase 2, randomized study of nivolumab or nivolumab plus BMS-986205 with or without intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guerin–unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: CheckMate 9UT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(19)31328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Castellano D, Grivas P, Plimack E, Balar A, O’Donnell P, Bellmunt J, Powles T, Hahn N, De Wit R, Bajorin D, Ellison M, Frenkl T, Keefe S, Vuky J. Pembrolizumab (pembro) as first-line therapy in elderly patients (pts) with poor performance status with cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer (UC): Results from Keynote-052. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(18)30938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Biersack HJ, Lackner K, Machulla HJ, Kiiopp R, Hahn N, Winkler C, Reske SN. Assessment of Regional Myocardial Uptake and Metabolism of ω-(p-123I-Phenyl) Pentadecanoic Acid with Serial Single-Photon Emission Tomography. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1620588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The utility of myocardial imaging and assessment of regional myocardial metabolism of ω-(123I-paraphenyl-)pen-tadecanoic acid (I-PPA) by means of serial single-photon tomography is demonstrated in animal experiments. High quality cross sectional images of dog hearts with clear delineation of left ventricular walls are obtained. Myocardial infarcts are visualized as areas of deficient radioactivity uptake. I-PPA elimination from non-infarcted myocardial regions is significantly (p < 0.001) prolonged when compared with unaffected controls. Hence, not only localized absence of uptake of free fatty acid by infarcted myocardium can be demonstrated with serial single-photon tomography but also general impairment of cardiac FFA-metabolism.
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Schön S, Knust EJ, Machulla HJ, Eichelkraut W, Hahn N, Winkler C, Reske SN. Relation of Myocardial Blood Flow and Initial Cardiac Uptake of 15-(p-123I-Phenyl)-Pentadecanoic Acid in the Canine Heart. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn 8 pentobarbital-anaesthetized mongrel dogs the correlation between regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and regional cardiac uptake of 15-(p-123I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) was determined. Three animals were studied under control conditions, in three dogs an acute ischemia was produced by LAD ligation, and two dogs were paced at 195 beats/min. RMBF values were 20–50 ml/min-100 g in acutely ischemic myocardium. 90–120 ml/ min·100 g under normal conditions and 200–250 ml/min·100 g during pacing-induced stimulation. Total cardiac uptake of IPPA was 4.5–6% of the injected dose. In normal and acutely ischemic myocardium a good correlation between RMBF and IPPA uptake was obtained. Under stimulated conditions only a moderate increase of IPPA accumulation was found. At RMBF values above 150–170 ml/ min·100 g an upper limit of IPPA uptake was observed and can be explained by limited diffusion or an increased utilization of alternative substrates.
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Zhang T, Harrison M, O'Donnell P, Alva A, Hahn N, Appleman L, Cetnar J, Burke J, Fleming M, Milowsky M, Mortazavi A, Shore N, Schmidt E, Kresja C, Chen T, Bitman B, Izumi R, Hamdy A, George D. Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab alone or combined with acalabrutinib in platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx371.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Grivas P, Plimack E, Balar A, Castellano D, O'Donnell P, Bellmunt J, Powles T, Hahn N, de Wit R, Bajorin D, Ellison M, Frenkl T, Keefe S, Vuky J. Pembrolizumab (pembro) as first-line therapy in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer (UC): Outcomes from KEYNOTE-052 in senior patients (pts) with poor performance status. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx371.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Powles T, Bellmunt J, Castellano D, O’Donnell P, Grivas P, Vuky J, Plimack E, Hahn N, Balar A, Pang L, Savage M, Perini R, Keefe S, Bajorin D, De Wit R. Pembrolizumab produces clinically meaningful responses as first-line therapy in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer: Results from subgroup analyses of KEYNOTE-052. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(17)30236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sweeney C, Chen YH, Liu G, Carducci M, Jarrard D, Eisenberger M, Wong YN, Patrick-Miller L, Hahn N, Kohli M, Conney M, Dreicer R, Vogelzang N, Picus J, Shevrin D, Hussain M, Garcia J, Dipaola R. Long term efficacy and QOL data of chemohormonal therapy (C-HT) in low and high volume hormone naïve metastatic prostate cancer (PrCa): E3805 CHAARTED trial. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw372.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hahn N, Siepe M, Czerny M, Kari F, Blanke P, Beyersdorf F, Rylski B. Fate of Dissected Aortic Arch after Surgical Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hahn N, Cramer H, Badve S, Cheng L, Gokmen-Polar Y, Miller D, Buechlein A, Rusch D, Fang F, Frankhouser D, Bundschu R, Ganbat J, Foster R, Bihrle R, Masterson T, Gardner T, Koch M, Marchionni L, Pearlly Y, Nephew K. 2648 Novel DNA methylation therapeutic targets in urothelial carcinoma (UC) from patients with paired metachronous primary and metastatic tumors. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hahn N, Bobrowski C, Weber E, Simon P, Kraft M, Aghdassi A, Raetzell M, Wilke M, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. [Economic aspects of inpatient treatment for decompensated liver cirrhosis: a prospective study employing an evidence-based clinical pathway]. Z Gastroenterol 2013; 51:278-86. [PMID: 23299901 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of the G-DRG reimbursement system has greatly increased the pressure to provide cost effective treatment in German hospitals. Reimbursement based on diagnosis-related groups, which requires stratification of costs incurred is still not sufficiently discriminating the disease severity and severity in relation to the intensive costs in gastroenterology. In a combined retrospective and prospective study at a tertial referral centre we investigated whether this also applies for decompensated liver cirrhosis. In 2006, 64 retrospective cases (age 57 ± 12.9; ♂ 69.2 %, ♀ 29.8 %) with decompensated liver cirrhosis (ICD code K76.4) were evaluated for their length of hospitalisation, reimbursement as well as Child and MELD scores. In 2008, 74 cases with decompensated liver cirrhosis were treated in a prospective study according to a standardised and evidence-based clinical pathway (age 57 ± 12.2; 73 % ♂, ♀ 27 %). Besides a trend in the reduction of length of hospital stay (retrospective: 13.6 ± 8.6, prospective 13.0 ± 7.2, p = 0.85) overall revenues from patients treated according to a evidence-based clinical pathway were lower than the calculated costs from the InEK matrix. Costs of medication as a percentage of reimbursement amount increased with increasing severity. In both years we could demonstrate an inverse correlation between daily reimbursement and disease severity which precluded cost coverage. For the cost-covering hospital treatment of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis an adjustment of the DRG based on clinical severity scores such as Child-Pugh or MELD is warranted, if evidence-based treatment standards are to be kept.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin A, Universitätsmedizin der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kraft M, Simon P, Nitsche C, Runge S, Hahn N, Puls R, Lerch MM. Successful drainage of recurrent pancreatic pseudocyst via a transpapillary and transpancreatic approach, using a conventional cystotome. Endoscopy 2012; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E186-7. [PMID: 22622736 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kraft
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Schnabel A, Hahn N, Muellenbach R, Frambach T, Hoenig A, Roewer N, Kranke P. Geburtshilfliche Analgesie in deutschen Kliniken. Anaesthesist 2011; 60:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00101-011-1933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borchers S, Luther S, Lips U, Hahn N, Kontsendorn J, Stadler M, Buchholz S, Diedrich H, Eder M, Koehl U, Ganser A, Mischak-Weissinger E. Tetramer monitoring to assess risk factors for recurrent cytomegalovirus reactivation and reconstitution of antiviral immunity post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:222-36. [PMID: 21585633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In healthy individuals, virus-specific T cells (CMV-CTL) control the reactivation of latent CMV. The monitoring of virus-epitope-binding CD8(+) T cells using major histocompatibility complex-I-peptide complexes (tetramers) has recently been established, allowing assessment of the reconstitution of CMV-CTL post HSCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS In order to study immune reconstitution and reactivation control through CMV-CTL, we regularly monitored all patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT in our department for 2 years, who matched at least 1 of 6 commercially available tetramers for common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. To verify risk factors for CMV reactivations in our cohorts, clinical characteristics of all patients transplanted within the last 10 years were included in statistical analyses determining the relative risk for single and recurrent CMV reactivations. RESULTS As expected, CMV serostatus, HLA match, and donor source significantly influenced the risk of recurrent CMV reactivation. Applying CMV-CTL tetramer monitoring for 2 years allowed the monitoring of 114 (85%) of 134 patients, by testing a set of tetramers representing 6 epitopes from 3 different CMV proteins. The presence of CMV-CTL before day + 50 and their expansion post reactivation seem to protect against recurrent CMV reactivations. The mean number of CMV-CTL by day +100 was >5-fold higher in the recipient CMV-positive/donor-positive (R +/D +) group (91/μL) compared with the R +/ D- (13/μL) and the R -/D +(2/μL) group. Seventy-nine percent of patients from the R +/D + setting recovered >10 CMV-CTL per μL by day + 100, while almost 50% of the other groups failed to mount a CMV-specific response by that time (R +/D -: 58%; R -/D +: 43%). CONCLUSION Tetramer monitoring can help to predict (recurrent) CMV reactivation and is a useful approach to monitor individual patients with increased risk for recurrent reactivation post HSCT; thus, it could help to identify patients in need of adoptive transfer of CMV-CTL or to optimize the use of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Borchers
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Flanagan J, Gray PK, Hahn N, Hayes J, Myers LJ, Carney-Doebbeling C, Sweeney CJ. Presence of the metabolic syndrome is associated with shorter time to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:801-807. [PMID: 20880998 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of risk factors that includes obesity and insulin resistance and has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Its impact on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) efficacy has not been studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective study of prostate cancer patients seen from 1998 to 2005 in a medical oncology clinic. MS, as defined by modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, was assessed at the time of initiation of ADT. The study end points were time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression and overall survival (OS) from time of starting ADT. RESULTS Eighty-two patients treated with ADT and data to assess for presence of MS were identified. Median age in men with and without MS was 70 years and 49% of the patients evaluated met criteria for MS. Median time to PSA progression for patients with MS was 16 versus 36 months without MS (P=0.003). The median OS for patients with MS was 36.5 months after commencing ADT compared with 46.7 months for those patients without MS (P=0.061). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary data suggest that MS is a risk factor for earlier development of castration-resistant prostate cancer and support the need for a prospective evaluation of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Flanagan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Kansas City Cancer Center, US Oncology, Kansas City
| | - P Kathryn Gray
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - N Hahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - J Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - L J Myers
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence on Implementing Evidence-Based Practice (CIEBP), Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis
| | - C Carney-Doebbeling
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Regenstrief Institute Inc, Indianapolis, USA
| | - C J Sweeney
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.
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Hahn N, Seitz R, Heiden M, Salge-Bartels U. PO-18 Tissue factor expression is associated with MMP and uPA/PAI secretion in adherent small cell lung cancer cells. Thromb Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(10)70068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weissinger E, Hertenstein B, Metzger J, Holler E, Schleuning M, Dickinson A, Greinix H, Turner B, Buchholz S, Ferrara J, Kolb HJ, Hahn N, Schiffer E, Krons A, Krauter J, Ganser A. Prospective Evaluation Of Proteomic Pattern Specific For aGvHD In More Than 300 Patients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Weissinger E, Klaus A, Metzger J, Stadler M, Krons A, Diedrich H, Hahn N, Mischak H, Ganser A. Proteomic Screening Applied To Early The Diagnosis Of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Linzbach C, Felix R, Thurn P, Hahn N, Beltz L. Der Koronarkreislauf bei Gefäßverschluß. III. Zur Kontraktionsinsuffizienz des Ventrikelmyokards nach akuter Koronarokklusion. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1229337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Felix R, Hahn N, Meuser HJ, Düx A. Der Einfluß der Kontrastmittelinjektion in den Aortenbulbus auf die Myokarddurchblutung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1228712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Weissinger E, Mischak H, Kontsendorn J, Hahn A, Hahn N, Morgan M, Ganser A. Proteome Analysis in Hematology Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled On-Line to Mass Spectrometry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2009; 9:627-3. [DOI: 10.2174/138955709788167583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Harrison MR, Hahn N, Pili R, Oh WK, Kim K, Wilding G, Sweeney CJ, Sidor C, Arnott J, Liu G. Phase II study of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) NanoCrystal Dispersion (NCD) in patients with taxane-refractory, metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Heiss C, Hahn N, Pokinskyj P, Wenisch S, Stahl JP, Meyer C, Schnettler R. Eigenschaften und Degradation eines neuartigen bioresorbierbaren Knochenklebers / Properties and Degradation of a New Bioresorbable Bone Glue. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2004; 49:163-9. [PMID: 15279466 DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2004.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In trauma surgery gluing is an attractive method of bonding fractured bone, which is rapid and does not require the use of screws and plates. The purpose of this study was to analyze in vitro the properties of a new bioresorbable bone glue, and in vivo its structure and degradation. The newly developed bone glue is based on alkylenbis(oligolactoyl)methacrylates and employs a two-component initiator system. Starting components for synthesis are ethylene glycol, lactic acid and methacrylic acid. In vitro the solidified glue is degraded via hydrolysis of ester bonds. Degradation products are ethylene glycol, lactic acid and oligomeres of methacrylic acid. After the first week polymer pellets (MMA, HEMALA, ELAMA) showed a weight loss of 12%. From week 2-20 a linear weight loss of 1.5% per week, that is 40% after 20 weeks, was observed. The in vivo investigations of the ultrastructure of the glue revealed a transparent and homogeneous mass with large electron-tight vacuoles. Differences in structure and degradation were not observed. Degradation of glue by hydrolysis and phagocytosis, with good biocompatibility was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heiss
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen.
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Hahn G, Hahn N. Frieda M. Damm: Red Cross Nurse--1917-1919. Concordia Hist Inst Q 2001; 57:53-9. [PMID: 11616855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Hahn N. Rating a facility's "soft" side. An Indiana-based system can now measure the implementation of its sponsor's values. Health Prog 2000; 81:26-7, 31. [PMID: 11184643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Mission Effectiveness, Ancilla Systems, Hobart, IN, USA.
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Abstract
Commonly applied genotyping of transgenic mice involves using tail or ear biopsies which may cause discomfort to the animal. We tested the possibility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mouse genotyping using stool specimens from three transgenic mouse lines that overexpress 10-18 transgene copies of human keratin polypeptide 18, as compared to genotyping using tail biopsies. Stool specimens were obtained with ease and provided easy detection of the human transgene product. The method was also able to detect endogenous mouse actin and keratin genes which presumably are present at two copies each. Nested PCR was not necessary for genotyping using stool-derived genomic material but did increase the relative magnitude of the signal obtained. The non-invasive genotyping method described herein offers a reproducible, sensitive and effective modality that could replace invasive tissue sampling procedures currently used to test thousands of genetically altered mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Broome
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, 154J, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Hahn N, Hörnchen U, Eichelkraut W. [Effects of anesthesia with inhalation anesthetics on excitation, conduction and refractory parameters of the heart. Experiments in dogs]. Arzneimittelforschung 1996; 46:251-6. [PMID: 8901144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation, conduction, and refractory parameters of the heart were investigated in 40 beagle dogs to obtain basic values under the influence of the following 9 inhalation anaesthetic regimes using HIS-bundle electrography and programmed stimulation: 1. halothane; 2. enflurane; 3. isoflurane; 4. halothane+nitrous oxide; 4. enflurane+nitrous oxide; 6. isoflurane+nitrous oxide; 7. alfentanil/midazolam/succinylcholine+nitrous oxide; 8. fentanyl/midazolam/pancuronium bromide+nitrous oxide; 9. propofol+nitrous oxide. It could be shown that inhalation anaesthetics under laboratory conditions exert some influences on the observed cardiac parameters, although they are not as strong as those of intravenous anaesthetics. Therefore their effects should be considered in experiments with other substances or in cardiovascular results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Experimentelle Chirurgie (Zentrum für Chirurgie, Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
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Hahn N, Weart W. The pharmacist's role in the optimal delivery of primary care in a managed care world. Pharm Pract Manag Q 1996; 15:36-43. [PMID: 10153843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
For managed care to continue positive growth, pharmacists will have to offer support measures for primary care physicians, even as efforts are made to increase the supply of these physicians. The pharmacy practice at Medical University of South Carolina Family Medicine Center has gained national recognition for providing an expansive role model for pharmacists who are committed to providing pharmaceutical care and related services in primary care surroundings. This article discusses managed care in the primary care arena and pharmacists' role in providing pharmaceutical care and teaching future pharmacists their role in a managed primary care world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Hahn N, Popov-Cenic S, Dorer A. [Basic values of blood coagulation parameters in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus)]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1996; 109:23-7. [PMID: 8593155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
On 23 clinical healthy pigs (2-4 months of age, body weight 13-42 kg) under ketamin-pentobarbital anaesthesia blood plasma coagulation parameters have been investigated. To obtain basic values 26 parameters were measured: number of thrombocytes, parameters of thrombelastogram and resonance-thrombogram, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, reptilase time, factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, X, antithrombin III, plasminogen, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, fibrin degradation products D and E and euglobulin lysis-time. Parameters calculated in percent should be measured against a pig plasma pool. Measurement against a human plasma pool are hardly valid in values higher than 100%. In comparison to man the results indicate modifications of fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Experimentell-chirurgische Abteilung, Medizinischen Fakultät Bonn
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Hahn N, Hörnchen U, Eichelkraut W. [Effects of intravenous anaesthetics on excitation, conduction, and refractory parameters of the heart. Experimental study in the dog]. Arzneimittelforschung 1995; 45:462-71. [PMID: 7779143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation, conduction, and refractory parameters of the heart were investigated in 59 beagle dogs to obtain basic values under the influence of the following 11 intravenous anaesthetic regimes using HIS-bundle electrography and programmed stimulation: 1. Alfentanil/midazolam/succinylcholine; 2. alfentanil/midazolam/succinylcholine/atropine; 3. fentanyl/midazolam/pancuronium bromide; 4. fentanyl-droperidol/chloralose/urethane; 5. ketamine/xylazine; 6. ketamine/xylazine/atropine; 7. propionylpromazine/pentobarbital; 8. propionylpromazine/levomethadon; 9. propofol; 10. propofol/alfentanil; 11. Tiletamine-zolazepam. It could be shown, that some intravenous anaesthetics under laboratory conditions have a strong influence on the observed cardiac parameters that must be considered in experiments with other substances or in cardiovascular results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und spezielle Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
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Hörnchen U, Fischer M, Lauven PM, Hahn N. [The cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine during pacemaker stimulation is dependent on the stimulation frequency. Results of an experimental study]. Anaesthesist 1993; 42:350-5. [PMID: 8342743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine are related to the temporal dispersion of effective refractory periods in different parts of the cardiac conduction system. This effect facilitates the occurrence of re-entry arrhythmias under burst stimulation [4, 8]. In this study physiological increments in heart rate were simulated by cardiac pacing, and the electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects under the influence of cardiotoxic concentrations of bupivacaine were measured. METHODS. After institutional approval we generated cardiotoxic arterial plasma concentrations of bupivacaine (6.9 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml) in pigs (n = 8; 15-22 kg) by i.v. injection of 4 mg bupivacaine/kg, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.2 mg/kg per min [8]. The pigs were anaesthetized with midazolam, fentanyl and pancuronium and normoventilated with a FiO2 of 0.4. Internal right atrial and right ventricular pacing was performed with increasing frequencies of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 stimulations/min above individual spontaneous heart rates (AL) before (control) and after the administration of bupivacaine. ECG, MAP, LVSP, dp/dtmax and stimulation thresholds were recorded. Student's t-test, and the U-test of Wilcoxon, Mann and Whitney were used for statistical testing with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS. By inducing a frequency-dependent increase in stimulation threshold, bupivacaine prevented regular atrial pacing with frequencies higher than AL + 60. Ventricular pacing with a frequency of AL+40 induced a lethal arrhythmia in 1 animal. In the remaining 7 pigs ventricular pacing showed a frequency-dependent increase in stimulation thresholds (Fig. 1) and stimulus-QRS intervals (Fig. 5). MAP (Fig. 2), LVSP (Fig. 3) and cardiac inotropy (Fig. 4) showed frequency-dependent decreases under ventricular pacing. CONCLUSIONS. The toxic effects of bupivacaine on pacing thresholds, av conduction, intraventricular conduction, cardiac inotropy, and blood pressure are modulated by the stimulation frequency of a cardiac pacemaker. The cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine seem to be use dependent. Even minor increments in heart rate can induce malignant arrhythmias. Cardiac pacing can be difficult in the presence of toxic bupivacaine concentrations, and high-frequency pacing should be avoided. It has to be verified whether higher heart rates generated by the physiological pacemakers of the heart do also increase the cardio-circulatory toxicity of bupivacaine. If that holds true, drugs that can induce tachycardias should be avoided in the treatment of bupivacaine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hörnchen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und spezielle Intensivmedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
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Stelzner F, Beyenburg S, Hahn N. [Acquired disorders of peritoneal cavity muscles. Abdominal wall denervation in pregnancy, denervation incontinence, and continent and incontinent constipation]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1993; 378:49-59. [PMID: 8437504 DOI: 10.1007/bf00207995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity has a fascial skeleton that is kept under tension by permanent variable resting tone maintained by the abdominal muscles. The lateral abdominal muscles, the diaphragm and the pelvic floor are all components of this fasciomuscular support system. Voluntary and reflective changes in muscle tension allow the entry and exit of matter into and out of the spherical abdominal cavity by opening and closing of specialized wall segments called sphincters. We have previously demonstrated the existence of a resting tone in the tail muscles of mammals from which the human pelvic floor muscles are derived. The pelvic floor and its integrated sphincters form the anorectal organ of continence. This organ is much weaker in females than in males. The spinal centers that govern continence, contain in the female significantly fewer ganglion cells than the corresponding centers in the male. Childbirth and a commonly found tendency to develop constipation are additional stressors for the congenitally weaker female organ of continence. We explain in this paper why the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor may suffer stretch-induced denervation injuries during pregnancy and delivery. Such damage may persist in later life and can give rise to incontinence and "flabby abdomen". Based on our work in this field, we found a new differentiation between continent and incontinent constipation. Continent constipation is caused by spasticity of the pelvic floor characterized by abnormally high sphincter activity. This spastic pelvic floor syndrome can be treated successfully by psychotherapeutic techniques. Incontinent constipation, in contrast, is always associated with subnormal activity of the sphincters and may be a cause of rectal prolapse. It can be treated successfully by anterior rectosigmoid resection. Incontinent constipation will also require operative approximation of the levators in many cases. Improvement cannot be expected to result from this procedure, however, unless the pelvic floor shows some residual resting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stelzner
- Zentrum für Chirurigie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Bonn-Venusberg
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Rubart M, Breull W, Hahn N. Regional metabolic rate of exogenous glucose in the isoprenaline and dobutamine stimulated canine myocardium as estimated by the 2-deoxy-D[1-14C]glucose method. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1991; 18:157-66. [PMID: 2026492 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(91)90073-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation by isoprenaline and dobutamine on the transmural distribution pattern of regional myocardial metabolic rate of exogenous glucose (RMMRGlc) was studied in the anesthetized closed chest dog using the 2-deoxy-D[1-14C]glucose method. In a previous series a lumped constant (LC) value of 0.93 +/- 0.47 (1 SD) was measured for [14C]2-deoxyglucose in the canine myocardium. In the control group (N = 12) RMMRGlc was significantly higher in the subendocardial layer of the left ventricular free wall than in both the middle and subepicardial layer, where it was quite evenly distributed (P less than or equal to 0.05). With i.v. dobutamine (N = 8) RMMRGlc was significantly lower in the midportion of left ventricular free wall than in the subepicardial layer (P less than or equal to 0.05), but it was not different from the inner wall section. Significant differences between the subepicardial and subendocardial portions of the left ventricular free wall could not be found, either. In the isoprenaline group (N = 9) no transmural gradients of RMMRGlc were observed in the left ventricular myocardium. In all groups, both the interventricular septum and the right ventricular free wall exhibited homogeneous distribution patterns of RMMRGlc. It is concluded that transmural distribution patterns of exogenous glucose utilization probably reflect corresponding gradients in energy demands of the left ventricular wall. Redistribution of RMMRGlc in the isoprenaline and dobutamine groups may result from altered working conditions, a change in local inotropic state of the left ventricular myocardium, or from regional differences in the proportions of substrate utilization, and from regional differences in adrenoceptor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen, F.R.G
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Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Eichelkraut W, LeDuc BW, Powers JF, Hahn N. Contribution of the gastrointestinal tract to lorazepam conjugation and clonazepam nitroreduction. Pharmacology 1991; 42:36-48. [PMID: 2057519 DOI: 10.1159/000138766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Domestic pigs received single intravenous and oral doses of lorazepam or clonazepam (1 mg/kg), benzodiazepine derivatives biotransformed by glucuronide conjugation and nitroreduction, respectively. Blood samples were simultaneously drawn from portal venous and systemic venous sampling sites during 8 h after dosage. After intravenous dosage with either drug, the area under the serum concentration curve (AUC) for the intact drug, as well as for the principal metabolites (lorazepam glucuronide and 7-aminoclonazepam, respectively), was nearly identical between portal and systemic serum. After oral dosage, absolute systemic availability (relative to intravenous administration) of both lorazepam and clonazepam was incomplete (mean values: 29 and 49%, respectively); however, metabolite levels were also correspondingly lower between oral and intravenous dosages. First-pass hepatic extraction also occurred for both drugs, with mean systemic/portal AUC ratios of 0.60 for lorazepam and 0.74 for clonazepam. Pretreatment with neomycin (1.0 g) had a minimal effect on portal or systemic AUC for intact clonazepam after oral dosage, but 7-aminoclonazepam concentrations were reduced by neomycin pretreatment. Thus incomplete absorption, together with first-pass hepatic biotransformation, appears to explain the incomplete systemic availability of orally administered lorazepam or clonazepam. Biotransformation within the gastrointestinal tract or during absorption through the gastrointestinal mucosa contributes minimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ochs
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Innere Medizin (Zentrum für Innere Medizin) und Experimentelle Chirurgie, University of Bonn, FRG
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Hahn N, Eichelkraut W, Kropp J. The effects of microsphere injections into the left atrium on the myocardial blood supply measured by thermal conductance probes. Eur J Nucl Med 1990; 16:241-7. [PMID: 2351173 DOI: 10.1007/bf00842775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Former experiments with thermal conduction probes showed signs of reductions or increases of myocardial perfusion shortly after injection of microspheres into the left atrium. Because of this, 210 measurements made during experiments on 66 dogs under propionyl-promazine/pentobarbital narcosis were newly analysed to verify a possible influence of microspheres (9 microns phi) injected into the left atrium on microcirculation. Using 20 additional dogs in identically performed experiments, the myocardial perfusion was measured using thermal conductance probes, following injections of isotonic NaCl solution (8 ml each), Ringer's solution, 5% glucose, the subject's blood, and isotonic NaCl solution mixed with the surface-active substance Tween 80. These suspension media were injected both with and without unlabelled microspheres (8.6 microns phi). The results led to the following conclusions: An obligatory decrease in the blood supply as the result of a mechanical blocking of capillaries by microspheres can be ruled out. The particles, the suspension media, and a suspension temperature not sufficiently adjusted to the body temperature induce reactive negative or positive changes in the microcirculation of the myocardium. This was found in approx. 45%-75% of cases. Solutions containing particles cause, in the majority of cases, a decrease. The suspension medium with the smallest effect proved to be isotonic NaCl solution. From the results one can conclude that artefacts may arise from the application of the heat conductance probe method when the temperatures are not perfectly matched. However, the injected solution itself can often lead to various reactions in microcirculation which may last up to 5 min. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Surgical Clinic, University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany
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Hahn N, Eichelkraut W, Lackner K, Kulle G, Stahn L, von Uexküll-Güldenband V. The influence of molsidomine on myocardial ischemia and ventricular dynamics. An in-vivo study in anesthetized dogs by means of computer tomography. Basic Res Cardiol 1988; 83:238-49. [PMID: 3415634 DOI: 10.1007/bf01907357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In six anesthetized dogs with myocardium partially damaged by ischemia (LAD occlusion), the effect of an i.v. bolus injection of 0.05 mg molsidomine/kg body weight followed by a 6-h i.v. infusion of 0.5 micrograms molsidomine/kg/min on the volume of myocardial ischemia, the relative remaining blood flow in the ischemic area, and the dynamics of the left ventricle were examined by means of computer tomography. The extent of the ischemic volume in the group treated with molsidomine was by far lower than in the control group; this difference was significant if one takes into account the individual heart size. The relative remaining blood flow in the ischemic region was not influenced by molsidomine. The reduction of preload and afterload resulted in corresponding changes in left ventricular areas, segments of these areas, the long axis, thickness of myocardium, ejection fraction and stroke volume. Aortic pressure was lowered insignificantly, heart rate remained nearly unchanged. Plasma analyses of molsidomine. SIN 1 and SIN 1C show that the applied dosage was sufficient to reach a constant concentration over the whole period of observation in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hahn
- Department of Experimental Surgery (Hospital of Surgery), University of Bonn, F.R.G
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Abstract
Anesthetized dogs received a single 1.0-mg/kg intravenous dose of flurazepam hydrochloride, following which multiple blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken over the next 8 h. Concentrations of flurazepam and its metabolite, desalkylflurazepam, were determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Mean kinetic variables for flurazepam were: volume of distribution 7.9 l/kg, elimination half-life 2.3 h, clearance 37 ml/min/kg, serum free fraction 25% unbound. The metabolic product desalkylflurazepam appeared in serum in low concentrations, and was eliminated with a half-life of 4.9 h. Flurazepam rapidly entered CSF, then was eliminated in parallel with flurazepam in serum. However, the extent of entry into CSF was limited, with the mean ratio of area under the curve for CSF versus serum (0.24) nearly identical to the serum free fraction. Thus, intravenous flurazepam in dogs is characterized by extensive distribution, high clearance, and short half-life. Entry into CSF is rapid, and appears governed by passive diffusion. The extent of CSF entry is limited by protein binding in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ochs
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, University of Bonn, FRG
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Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Eichelkraut W, Bakker C, Göbel R, Hahn N. Hepatic vs. gastrointestinal presystemic extraction of oral midazolam and flurazepam. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 243:852-6. [PMID: 3694534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An experimental model was developed to elucidate the site of presystemic extraction of drugs with incomplete bioavailability due to high extraction after p.o. dosage. Domestic pigs received single i.v. or p.o. doses of midazolam (1 mg/kg) or flurazepam (2 mg/kg), two benzodiazepine derivatives with high presystemic extraction after p.o. dosage. Multiple blood samples were simultaneously drawn from the portal vein and from a systemic vein during 8 hr after dosage. After i.v. administration, both drugs had high systemic serum clearance, averaging 24 ml/min/kg. Area under the serum concentration curve (AUC) for systemic vs. portal sites was nearly identical for midazolam (769 vs. 737 ng/ml x hr); for flurazepam, systemic AUC exceeded portal AUC (1035 vs. 778 ng/ml x hr, P less than .01). After p.o. dosage, the systemic/portal AUC ratio averaged 0.15 for midazolam and 0.11 for flurazepam; for both drugs, portal AUC after p.o. dosage did not differ significantly from systemic AUC after i.v. administration. Thus, the extensive presystemic extraction of orally administered midazolam and flurazepam are mainly attributable to hepatic biotransformation rather than metabolism either within the gastrointestinal tract or during absorption into the portal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ochs
- Medizinische und Chirurgische Universitätskliniken, University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany
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Abstract
We used a standard animal CPR model to study the effectiveness and hemodynamic response of 100 micrograms/kg epinephrine administered endobronchially and to compare the findings after conventional iv administration. Results showed that the endobronchial and iv epinephrine medication improved the survival rate by 100% compared to that of a control group receiving no medication. Although the hemodynamic conditions during cardiac compression were not significantly different after both routes of drug administration, endobronchial instillation produced a prolonged drug action during the first hour of restored spontaneous circulation. A more extensive use of this type of drug administration, especially in out-of-hospital resuscitation, is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hörnchen
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany
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Hahn N, Klefisch M, Eichelkraut W. [Effect of forced respiration on the stress on puncture channels of sutures in transverse laparotomies of the upper abdomen; experimental studies in the anesthesized dog]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1987; 370:79-89. [PMID: 3553785 DOI: 10.1007/bf01254086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In 11 mongrel dogs in propiophenylpromazine-pentobarbital-anaesthesia the influence of forced respiration on the load of puncture channels of a suture was investigated. For this horizontal suture in the upper abdominal wall, threads No. 3 USP and round needles No. ECT-4 were used. The experiments were carried out in supine position with stretched hindlegs, in supine position with relaxed hindlegs, in lateral position, and in hanging abdominal position. Measurements were performed with a selfconstructed resistance strain gauge element. Rising forced respiration pressure increased the inspiratory load of puncture channels, but there were no significant differences between spontaneous breathing and forced respiration with pressure of 10 cm H2O. In contrary to this there were highly significant differences between spontaneous breathing and forced respiration with pressure of 20 and 30 cm H2O (multiple variance analysis). For instance the load during forced respiration with a pressure of 30 cm H2O in supine position with relaxed hindlegs rose about 67% above pressure values of spontaneous breathing. It could be shown that the expiratory load in the puncture channels was not influenced by forced respiration pressure, but depended on the body position; in dogs it was minimal in side position (45-48 g), higher in supine position with relaxed hindlegs (67-71 g), even higher in supine position with stretched hindlegs (88-92 g), and maximal in hanging abdominal position (109-113 g). By this investigation the increase of load in the puncture channels during forced respiration with pressures of 20 and 30 cm H2O was quantified.
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Schüttler J, Hörnchen U, Stoeckel H, Hahn N. [Endobronchial administration of adrenaline in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: pharmacokinetic and dynamic studies in the dog]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1987; 370:119-27. [PMID: 3573880 DOI: 10.1007/bf01254089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present animal study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of epinephrine after endobronchial (e.b.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration and its correlation to pharmacodynamic measurements. We found the effectiveness of e.b.-epinephrine (100 micrograms/kg BW) to be in the same magnitude as i.v.-epinephrine (100 micrograms/kg BW) with only a slight delay in the pharmacodynamic onset of a few seconds. The bioavailability of e.b.-administration of epinephrine was in the range of 80-85%. The therapeutic effect of e.b.-epinephrine (100 micrograms/kg BW) lasted much longer (30 min) when compared to i.v.-epinephrine (10 micrograms/kg BW) where the pharmacodynamic effect was terminated after 3 to 5 min. For the clinical situation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation a dose of 2-3 mg epinephrine in 5-10 ml of physiological saline instilled deeply into the bronchial system should be considered as alternative administration technique with fast onset and good effectiveness.
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Lackner K, Dölken W, Eichelkraut W, Hahn N. [Measurement of absolute intravascular flow velocity using digital subtraction angiography]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1986; 144:25-9. [PMID: 3003835 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1048735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on phantoms showed very good correlation between flow velocity, as calculated from time-density curves, and theoretical values. After further development using an inter-active computer programme, DSA measurements of flow velocity are now undergoing further experimental investigation, but are also available for routine clinical examination.
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Hahn N, Lackner K, Eichelkraut W, Axelrad A, Grosse-Hering M, Reichert D, Schüler N, von Uexküll-Güldenbrand V. [Computed tomography of the heart. Technic for quantitative evaluation of the perfusion of the ischemic myocardial region. Experimental basis]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 1985; 142:610-6. [PMID: 2988058 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1052726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A CT standard procedure has been developed in six series of experiments, using 62 anaesthetised dogs in order to quantitative relative blood flow through ischaemic heart muscle. Measurements of cardiac dynamics by means of contrast media were less strictly controlled. The use of the standardised procedures with contrast injections is necessary because of the variable perfusion and washout intervals of the contrast in normal and ischaemic myocardium.
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Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Arendt RM, Gerloff J, Eichelkraut W, Hahn N. Cerebrospinal fluid uptake and peripheral distribution of centrally acting drugs: relation to lipid solubility. J Pharm Pharmacol 1985; 37:428-31. [PMID: 2862269 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb03030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In an anaesthetized dog model, serum kinetics and CSF entry were determined after i.v. administration of the following 8 drugs: salicylic acid (as acetylsalicylic acid), antipyrine, acetaminophen (paracetamol), lidocaine (lignocaine), trimipramine, amitriptyline, haloperidol, and imipramine. Kinetic variables were evaluated in relation to in-vitro lipophilicity, measured by the reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) retention index. After correction for individual values of serum binding (determined as the CSF: serum ratio at equilibrium), in-vivo volume of distribution was highly correlated with HPLC retention (r = 0.92). Conversely, the time of peak CSF concentration and the CSF entry half-life were negatively correlated with HPLC retention (r = -0.83 and -0.63, respectively). Thus lipophilicity is a physiochemical property which has an influence on the peripheral distribution of drugs as well as their rate of entry into CSF.
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Reske SN, Schön S, Knust EJ, Machulla HJ, Eichelkraut W, Hahn N, Winkler C. Relation of myocardial blood flow and initial cardiac uptake of 15-(p-123I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid in the canine heart. Nuklearmedizin 1984; 23:83-5. [PMID: 6473117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In 8 pentobarbital-anesthetized mongrel dogs the correlation between regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and regional cardiac uptake of 15-(p-123I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) was determined. Three animals were studied under control conditions, in three dogs an acute ischemia was produced by LAD ligation, and two dogs were paced at 195 beats/min. RMBF values were 20-50 ml/min X 100 g in acutely ischemic myocardium. 90-120 ml/min X 100 g under normal conditions and 200-250 ml/min X 100 g during pacing-induced stimulation. Total cardiac uptake of IPPA was 4.5-6% of the injected dose. In normal and acutely ischemic myocardium a good correlation between RMBF and IPPA uptake was obtained. Under stimulated conditions only a moderate increase of IPPA accumulation was found. At RMBF values above 150-170 ml/min X 100 g an upper limit of IPPA uptake was observed and can be explained by limited diffusion or an increased utilization of alternative substrates.
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Hancke E, Hahn N, Eichelkraut W. 416. Oberfl�chen-Elektromyographie im Anorectum. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01276242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Hancke E, Hahn N, Eichelkraut W. [Electrical and motor activity of the rectum following low anastomosis]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1983; 359:265-73. [PMID: 6855382 DOI: 10.1007/bf01257313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and motor activity of smooth muscle of the canine rectum was registered by transanal recording following low rectum anastomosis. The relaxation reflex of the anal canal had disappeared distal of the anastomosis in the first postoperative week, and electrical slow waves and pressure waves were desynchronized proximal and distal of the anastomosis. The resting pressure of the rectal wall had increased above preoperative values. After wound healing had accomplished the relaxation reflex and the synchronization of electrical and mechanical activity proximal and distal of the anastomosis did occur again. It is concluded that the rectal wall provides the pathways for the relaxation reflex of the anal canal. After wound healing has finished these pathways are restored across the anastomosis.
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Hahn N, Jehle J, Pölitz B, Schmiel FK, Spiller P. [Relations between ventricle function, myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary circulation following sublingual administration of nitroglycerin]. Z Kardiol 1983; 72:456-64. [PMID: 6414193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption after sublingual administration of 1.6 mg nitroglycerin (TNG) were investigated in 12 patients. Left ventricular volumes, determined from cineventriculograms (enddiastolic volume index and endsystolic volume index), decreased (p less than 0.005) after TNG, as did left ventricular peak pressure (p less than 0.01), left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (p less than 0.005), mean aortic pressure (p less than 0.005), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.001). Due to the decrease in enddiastolic volume and the insignificant change in stroke volume, ejection fraction increased (p less than 0.05). Heart rate did not change significantly. In spite of an increase in the vessel diameter (13%, p less than 0.005), systolic and diastolic coronary blood flow, measured by means of a photodensitometric technique, decreased insignificantly by an average of approx. 15%. Similarly the change in myocardial oxygen consumption, calculated according to Bretschneider, decreased insignificantly by an average of approx. 10%. The correlation of changes in coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption was evaluated statistically by the use of the 2 X 2 contingency table in conjunction with the chi 2 McNamar test: patients with a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption also showed a decrease in coronary blood flow (p less than 0.05). This implies that coronary blood flow is determined by myocardial oxygen consumption, which is altered by the systemic effects of TNG.
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