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Phuong PC, Khoa MT, Loi NT, Quynh VTT, Luan ND, Mai NTH, Dung NV, Hung NQ, Lieu DQ, Nam LV, Tra DT, Thai PV, Duc NM. GALAD score and a proposal for GALADUS model for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in Vietnamese patients with chronic liver disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:1111-1122. [PMID: 38375717 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The GALAD score, a serum biomarker-based model, predicts the likelihood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. We evaluated the performance of the GALAD score compared to that of liver ultrasound in detecting HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study recruited a group of 136 patients with HCC and a control group of 436 patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C. The performance of the GALAD score and ultrasound in detecting HCC in these patients was analyzed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The sensitivity and specificity of the optimal GALAD score were compared to those of ultrasound. RESULTS The AUC of the GALAD score for detecting HCC was 0.940 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-0.96], higher than that of ultrasound [0.939 (0.91-0.96), p < 0.001]. At a threshold of 1.24, the GALAD score had a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 81.9% for detecting HCC. The AUC of the GALAD score for early HCC detection was 0.75 (95% CI 0.71-0.80, p < 0.001; threshold 1.13, sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 67.8%, p < 0.001). The combination of GALAD and ultrasound (GALADUS score) showed further improvement, achieving an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI 0.96-0.99; cut-off point 1.37, sensitivity 95.6%, specificity 89.2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In our study, the GALADUS score showed improved performance compared to the GALAD score. Therefore, we suggest that the performance of the GALAD score should be reconsidered and that it should be evaluated in combination with ultrasound for HCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-C Phuong
- Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Centre, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Duc NM, Duy VD, Xuan BTT, Thang BV, Ha NTH, Tam NM. Genetic structure of the threatened Dipterocarpus costatus populations in lowland tropical rainforests of southern Vietnam. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15048821. [PMID: 27813581 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dipterocarpus costatus is an endangered species restricted to the lowland forests of southern Vietnam. Habitat loss and over-exploitation of D. costatus wood are the major threats to this species. We investigated the level of genetic variability within and among populations of D. costatus in order to provide guidelines for the conservation, management, and restoration of this species to the Forest Protection Department, Vietnam. Nine microsatellite markers were used to analyze 114 samples from four populations representing the natural range of D. costatus in southeast Vietnam. We indicated the low allelic diversity (NA = 2.3) and low genetic diversities with an average observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.130 and 0.151, respectively, in the lowland forests of southeast Vietnam. The low genetic diversity might be a consequence of inbreeding within the small and isolated populations of D. costatus owing to its habitat loss and over-exploitation. All populations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showing reduced heterozygosity. Alleles were lost from the populations by genetic drift. Genetic differentiation among populations was high (average pairwise FST = 0.405), indicating low gene flow (<1) and isolated populations due to its destructed habitat and large geographical distances (P < 0.05) among populations. Heterozygosity excess tests (except of Bu Gia Map only under infinite allele model) were negative. The high genetic variation (62.7%) was found within populations. The STRUCTURE and neighbor joining tree results suggest strong differentiation among D. costatus populations, with the three genetic clusters, Phu Quoc, Tan Phu and Bu Gia Map, and Lo Go-Xa Mat due to habitat fragmentation and isolation. The threatened status of D. costatus was related to a lack of genetic diversity, with all its populations isolated in small forest patches. We recommend the establishment of an ex situ conservation site for D. costatus with a new big population comprising all genetic groups in order to enhance its survival under different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Duc
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V D Duy
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B T T Xuan
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B V Thang
- College of Forestry Biotechnology, Vietnam Forestry University, Xuan Mai, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N T H Ha
- College of Forestry Biotechnology, Vietnam Forestry University, Xuan Mai, Chuong My, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N M Tam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract
Hopea chinensis (synonym: H. hongayensis) (Dipterocarpaceae) is a threatened species found so far in only two locations: Quang Ninh (Vietnam) and Guangxi (China). The species shares many morphological characteristics with H. mollissima and the two species are often confused. To overcome this problem of identification and to investigate the genetic relationships of Hopea species with other Dipterocarp species, we sequenced three candidate DNA barcodes for the chloroplast markers rbcL, trnH-psbA, and matK. These markers were used separately and in different combinations to determine whether they could establish an accurate and effective identification system for H. chinensis in Quang Ninh (Vietnam). Our analyses indicated that two of the candidate DNA barcodes, matK and rbcL, performed best. We also generated a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and confirmed the presence of four Hopea species (H. odorata, H. hainanensis, H. mollissima, and H. chinensis) in nature reserves and natural parks of Vietnam. These species showed a close relationship with an average genetic distance of 0.0045; both matK and rbcL separated all species, but their use in combination gave higher bootstrap values. The matK region was found to provide the most reliable barcode for the identification of the most closely related Dipterocarp species. Our study provides a means to identify rare Hopea species non-ambiguously and to support the protection of this decreasing natural genetic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T P Trang
- Department of Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IBER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N M Duc
- Department of Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IBER), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N V Sinh
- Department of Plant Ecology, IBER, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L Triest
- Research Group Plant Biology and Nature Management, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Tam NM, Duy VD, Duc NM, Giap VD, Xuan BTT. Genetic variation in and spatial structure of natural populations of Dipterocarpus alatus (Dipterocarpaceae) determined using single sequence repeat markers. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:5378-86. [PMID: 25078594 DOI: 10.4238/2014.july.24.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dipterocarpus alatus (Dipterocarpaceae) is widely distributed in lowland forests in central and southern Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and India. Due to over-exploitation and habitat destruction, the species is now threatened. The genetic variation within and among populations of D. alatus was investigated on the basis of 9 microsatellite (single sequence repeat, SSR) loci. In all, 268 sampled trees from 10 populations in central and southern Vietnam were analyzed in this study. The SSR data showed a high genetic variability within populations with an average of HO = 0.209 and HE = 0.239. Genetic differentiation among populations was high (FST = 0.266), indicating limited gene flow (Nm = 0.69). Analysis of molecular variance showed that most genetic variation was within populations (74.96%). This study highlights the importance of conserving the genetic resources of D. alatus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Tam
- Department of Experimental Taxonomy & Genetic Diversity, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V D Duy
- Department of Experimental Taxonomy & Genetic Diversity, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N M Duc
- Department of Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - V D Giap
- Department of Experimental Biology, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - B T T Xuan
- Department of Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen TD, Villard PH, Barlatier A, Elsisi AE, Jouve E, Duc NM, Sauze C, Durand A, Lacarelle B. Panax vietnamensis protects mice against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity without any modification of CYP2E1 gene expression. Planta Med 2000; 66:714-719. [PMID: 11199127 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of Panax vietnamensis on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, mice were pretreated for 7 days with either crude extract or total saponins. Crude extract and total saponins dramatically decreased carbon tetrachloride-induced increase of serum GST alpha level (-50.0%, -49.5% respectively). Serum AST level was significantly decreased only with total saponins (-52.2%) and ALT level was slightly modified. In vitro experiments shown that both preparations at high concentrations (> 2000 micrograms/ml) are able to inhibit CYP2E1 enzymatic activity in mouse and human microsomes. However, we did not observe any modification of Cyp2e1 gene expression (enzymatic activity, protein and mRNA levels) in mice treated with either crude extract or total saponins. Taken together, these data demonstrated that Panax vietnamensis could be used as an hepatoprotectant. However, the mechanism of action is not associated with CYP2E1 expression, as previously suggested in vitro in rat for total saponins from Panax ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Nguyen
- Laboratory of Toxicology (EA2194), School of Pharmacy, Univ. Méditerranée, Marseilles, France
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Konoshima T, Takasaki M, Ichiishi E, Murakami T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Duc NM, Kasai R, Yamasaki K. Cancer chemopreventive activity of majonoside-R2 from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis. Cancer Lett 1999; 147:11-6. [PMID: 10660083 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our continuing search for novel cancer chemopreventive agents from natural sources, several kinds of Panax plants were screened. Consequently, the ocotillol-type saponin, majonoside-R2 (MR2), was obtained from the rhizome and root of Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese ginseng) as an active constituent. MR2 exhibited potent anti-tumor-promoting activity on two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse hepatic tumor using N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) as an initiator and phenobarbital (PB) as a promoter. Further, MR2 exhibited the remarkable inhibitory effect on two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin induced by nitric oxide (NO) donor/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or peroxynitrite/TPA.
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Konoshima T, Takasaki M, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Duc NM, Kasai R, Yamasaki K. Anti-tumor-promoting activity of majonoside-R2 from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (I). Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21:834-8. [PMID: 9743252 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.21.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven saponins (1-7) isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Panax vietnamensis were tested for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in Raji cells as a primary screening test for anti-tumor-promoters (cancer chemopreventive agents). The ocotillol-type saponin, majonoside-R2 (2), which is the major and characteristic constituent of this plant, exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on EBV-EA activation. Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis of 2 on Raji cells was also examined and strong inhibition was observed on the effect of the cell cycle induced by TPA. Compound 2 showed potent anti-tumor-promoting activity in two-stage carcinogenesis tests of mouse skin using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA or fumonisin B1 as a promoter. Consequently, these results suggest that majonoside-R2 (2) could be a valuable chemopreventive agent against chemical carcinogenesis.
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Huong NT, Matsumoto K, Yamasaki K, Duc NM, Nham NT, Watanabe H. Majonoside-R2, a major constituent of Vietnamese ginseng, attenuates opioid-induced antinociception. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997; 57:285-91. [PMID: 9164584 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of majonoside-R2 on antinociceptive responses caused by the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine and the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50, 488H were examined by the tail-pinch test in mice. Intraperitoneal (IP) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of majonoside-R2 (3.1-6.2 mg/kg, IP or 5-10 micrograms/mouse, ICV) and diazepam (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, IP or 0.5-1.0 microgram/mouse, ICV), as well as an opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg, IP or 5 micrograms/mouse, ICV), dose-dependently attenuated the antinociception caused by subcutaneously administered morphine and U-50,488H. Moreover, when co-administered ICV or intrathecally (IT) with morphine (4 micrograms/mouse) or U-50,488H (60 micrograms/mouse), majonoside-R2 (5-20 micrograms/mouse) also exhibited antagonism against the antinociceptive action of these opioid receptor agonists in the tail-pinch test. The inhibitory effects of majonoside-R2 (10 micrograms/mouse, ICV) and diazepam (1 microgram/mouse, ICV) were reversed by flumazenil (2.5 micrograms/mouse, ICV), a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, and picrotoxin (0.25 microgram/mouse, ICV), a GABA-gated chloride channel blocker. These results suggest that majonoside-R2 attenuates the opioid-induced antinociception by acting at the spinal and supraspinal levels, and that the GABAA receptor complex at the supraspinal level is involved in the effect of ICV administered majonoside-R2.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Diazepam/pharmacology
- GABA Antagonists/pharmacology
- Ginsenosides
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pain Measurement
- Panax/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Saponins/isolation & purification
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Vietnam
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Huong
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku (Oriental Medicines), Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Duc NM, Kasai R, Ohtani K, Ito A, Yamasaki K, Nguyen TN, Tanaka O. New saponins from Vietnamese ginseng: highlights on biogenesis of dammarane triterpenoids. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 404:129-49. [PMID: 8957291 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1367-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N M Duc
- Science-Production Union of Ginseng and Medicinal Plants, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam
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Dankházi Z, Belin E, Sadoc A, Duc NM, Mayou D, Keegan MA, Papaconstantopoulos DA. Experimental and theoretical electronic distributions in Al-Cu-based alloys. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:14035-14047. [PMID: 9978328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ito
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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Duc NM, Kasai R, Ohtani K, Ito A, Nham NT, Yamasaki K, Tanaka O. Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. collected in central Vietnam. III. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1994; 42:634-40. [PMID: 8004713 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.42.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Five new dammarane saponins derived from four new aglycones were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. On the basis of physicochemical and spectral evidence, the structures of these compounds were established as 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 20(S),25-epoxydammarane-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta,24 alpha-tetrol (1), 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 20(S),25-epoxydammarane-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta,24 alpha-tetrol (2), 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl dammarane-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta,20(S),24 xi,25-hexol (5), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl dammarane-3 beta,12 beta,20(S),24 xi,25-pentol (8) and 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 20(S),24(S)-epoxydammarane-3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta,25 xi,26-pentol (10). The trivial names, vina-ginsenoside-R10, -R11, -R12, -R13 and -R14, respectively, were assigned to the new saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Duc
- Science-Production Centre of Vietnamese Ginseng, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy
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