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Bah TM, Davis CM, Allen E, Borkar RN, Perez R, Grafe MR, Raber J, Pike MM, Alkayed NJ. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Reverses Cognitive Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome by Modulating Inflammation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024:106850. [PMID: 38735559 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Midlife metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cognitive impairment in late life. The mechanism of delayed MetS-related cognitive dysfunction (MetSCD) is not clear, but it has been linked to systemic inflammation and chronic cerebral microangiopathy. Currently there is no treatment for late life MetSCD other than early risk factor modification. We investigated the effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor 4-[[trans-4-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylamino)carbonyl]amino]cyclohexyl]oxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB) on cognitive performance, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and central and peripheral inflammation in the high-fat diet (HFD) model of MetS in mice. At 6 weeks of age, male mice were randomly assigned to receive either HFD or standard chow (STD) for 6 months. Mice received either t-AUCB or vehicle for 4 weeks. Cognitive performance was evaluated, followed by CBF measurement using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At the end of the study, blood was collected for measurement of eicosanoids and inflammatory cytokines. The brains were then analyzed by immunohistochemistry for glial activation markers. The HFD caused a significant impairment in novel object recognition. Treatment with t-AUCB increased plasma levels of 14,15-EET, prevented this cognitive impairment and modified hippocampal glial activation and plasma cytokine levels, without affecting CBF in mice on HFD. In conclusion, sEH inhibition for four weeks prevents cognitive deficits in mice on chronic HFD by modulating inflammatory processes without affecting CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elyse Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rohan N Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Xu Y, Zhang WH, Allen EM, Fedorov LM, Barnes AP, Qian ZY, Bah TM, Li Y, Wang RK, Shangraw RE, Alkayed NJ. GPR39 Knockout Worsens Microcirculatory Response to Experimental Stroke in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:766-775. [PMID: 36181628 PMCID: PMC10065946 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
No current treatments target microvascular reperfusion after stroke, which can contribute to poor outcomes even after successful clot retrieval. The G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 is expressed in brain peri-capillary pericytes, and has been implicated in microvascular regulation, but its role in stroke is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that GPR39 plays a protective role after stroke, in part due to preservation of microvascular perfusion. We generated GPR39 knockout (KO) mice and tested whether GPR39 gene deletion worsens capillary blood flow and exacerbates brain injury and functional deficit after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke was induced in male and female GPR39 KO and WT littermates by 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Microvascular perfusion was assessed via capillary red blood cell (RBC) flux in deep cortical layers in vivo using optical microangiography (OMAG). Brain injury was assessed by measuring infarct size by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at 24 h or brain atrophy at 3 weeks after ischemia. Pole and cylinder behavior tests were conducted to assess neurological function deficit at 1 and 3 weeks post-stroke. Male but not female GPR39 KO mice exhibited larger infarcts and lower capillary RBC flux than WT controls after stroke. Male GPR39 KO mice also exhibited worse neurologic deficit at 1 week post-stroke, though functional deficit disappeared in both groups by 3 weeks. GPR39 deletion worsens brain injury, microvascular perfusion, and neurological function after experimental stroke. Results indicate that GPR39 plays a sex-dependent role in re-establishing microvascular flow and limiting ischemic brain damage after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Wenri H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Elyse M Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Lev M Fedorov
- Transgenic Mouse Models Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- Department of Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Thierno Madjou Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert E Shangraw
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
- Department of Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marilyn J. Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine
- Dept. Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, Vermont
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Davis CM, Ammi AY, Zhu W, Methner C, Cao Z, Giraud D, Alkayed NJ, Woltjer RL, Kaul S. Low-Intensity Ultrasound Reduces Brain Infarct Size by Upregulating Phosphorylated Endothelial Nitric Oxide in Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Ultrasound Med Biol 2023; 49:1091-1101. [PMID: 36739244 PMCID: PMC10050145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been attempts to use therapeutic ultrasound (US) for the treatment of both experimental and clinical stroke. We hypothesized that low-intensity US has direct beneficial effects on the brain independent of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Three groups of mice were studied. Group I included 84 mice with MCAO undergoing US treatment/no treatment at two US frequencies (0.25 and 1.05 MHz) with three different acoustic pressures at each frequency in which infarct size (IS) was measured 24 h later. Group II included 11 mice undergoing treatment based on best US results from group I animals in which the IS/risk area (RA) ratio was measured 24 h later. Group III included 38 normal mice undergoing US treatment/no treatment for assessment of CBF, tissue metabolite and protein expression and histopathology. DISCUSSION Ultrasound at both frequencies and most acoustic pressures resulted in reduction in IS in group I animals, with the best results obtained with 0.25 MHz at 2.0 MPa: IS was reduced 4-fold in the cerebral cortex, 1.5-fold in the caudate putamen and 3.5-fold in the cerebral hemisphere compared with control. US application in group III animals elicited only a marginal increase in CBF despite a 2.6-fold increase in phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS)-S1177 and a corresponding decrease in p-eNOS-T494. Histopathology revealed no evidence of hemorrhage, inflammation or necrosis. CONCLUSION Low-intensity US at specific frequencies and acoustic pressures results in marked neuroprotection in a mouse model of stroke by modulation of p-eNOS independent of its effect on CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Azzdine Y Ammi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carmen Methner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David Giraud
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Randy L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Cipolla MJ, Alkayed NJ. Vascular Biology of Dementia. Stroke 2023; 54:646-647. [PMID: 36848429 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.042298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington (M.J.C.).,Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J.C.)
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR (N.J.A.)
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Bah TM, Siler DA, Ibrahim AH, Cetas JS, Alkayed NJ. Fluid dynamics in aging-related dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105986. [PMID: 36603747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human and animal model experimental studies revealed novel pathways for fluid movement, immune cell trafficking and metabolic waste clearance in CNS. These studies raise the intriguing possibility that the newly discovered pathways, including the glymphatic system, lymphatic meningeal vessels and skull-brain communication channels, are impaired in aging and neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia. We provide an overview of the glymphatic and dural meningeal lymphatic systems, review current methods and approaches used to study glymphatic flow in humans and animals, and discuss current evidence and controversies related to its role in CNS flow homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Non-invasive imaging approaches are needed to fully understand the mechanisms and pathways driving fluid movement in CNS and their roles across lifespan including healthy aging and aging-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dominic A Siler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aseel H Ibrahim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Justin S Cetas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Zhu W, Davis CM, Allen EM, Feller SL, Bah TM, Shangraw RE, Wang RK, Alkayed NJ. Sex Difference in Capillary Reperfusion After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Diabetic Mice. Stroke 2023; 54:364-373. [PMID: 36689578 PMCID: PMC9883047 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (DM2) exacerbates stroke injury, reduces efficacy of endovascular therapy, and worsens long-term functional outcome. Sex differences exist in stroke incidence, response to therapy, poststroke microvascular dysfunction, and functional recovery. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that poor outcome after stroke in the setting of DM2 is linked to impaired microvascular tissue reperfusion and that male and female DM2 mice exhibit different microvascular reperfusion response after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Transient MCAO was induced for 60 minutes using an intraluminal filament in young adult DM2 and nondiabetic control male and female mice. Capillary flux in deep cortical layers was assessed using optical coherence tomography-based optical microangiography (OMAG), and associated regional brain infarct size was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Compared to baseline, MCAO reduced absolute capillary red blood cell flux by 84% at 24 hours post-MCAO in male DM2 (P<0.001) but not male control mice. When normalized to pre-MCAO baseline, red blood cell flux 24 hours after stroke was 64% lower in male DM2 mice than male nondiabetic controls (P<0.01). In females, MCAO decreased capillary flux by 48% at 24 hours post-MCAO compared with baseline in DM2 (P<0.05) but not in control mice. Red blood cell flux of female DM2 mice did not differ from that of nondiabetic controls either before or 24 hours after MCAO. Furthermore, normalized capillary flux 24 hours after MCAO failed to differ between female DM2 mice and nondiabetic controls. Concomitantly, male but not female DM2 mice experienced 25% larger infarct in caudate-putamen versus respective nondiabetic controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS DM2 impairs capillary perfusion and exacerbates ischemic deep brain injury in male but not female young adult mice. Premenopausal females appear to be protected against DM2-related capillary dysfunction and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Elyse M Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Sarah L Feller
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Robert E Shangraw
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is the deadliest form of stroke and includes the subtypes of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. A common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in older individuals is cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage both lead to the rapid collection of blood in the central nervous system and generate inflammatory immune responses that involve both brain resident and infiltrating immune cells. These responses are complex and can contribute to both tissue recovery and tissue injury. Despite the interconnectedness of these major subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke, few reviews have discussed them collectively. The present review provides an update on inflammatory processes that occur in response to intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage. The goal is to highlight inflammatory processes that underlie disease pathology and recovery. We aim to discuss recent advances in our understanding of these conditions and identify gaps in knowledge with the potential to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Ohashi
- Department of Neurology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan H DeLong
- Department of Neurology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mariel G Kozberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
| | - David J Mazur-Hart
- Department of Neurological Surgery (D.J.M.-H.), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute (N.J.A.), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Davis CM, Ibrahim AH, Alkayed NJ. Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in brain: From basic discovery to clinical translation. Advances in Pharmacology 2023; 97:283-326. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Davis CM, Lyon-Scott K, Varlamov EV, Zhang WH, Alkayed NJ. Role of Endothelial STAT3 in Cerebrovascular Function and Protection from Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12167. [PMID: 36293020 PMCID: PMC9602684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STAT3 plays a protective role against ischemic brain injury; however, it is not clear which brain cell type mediates this effect, and by which mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that endothelial STAT3 contributes to protection from cerebral ischemia, by preserving cerebrovascular endothelial function and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. The objective of this study was to determine the role of STAT3 in cerebrovascular endothelial cell (EC) survival and function, and its role in tissue outcome after cerebral ischemia. We found that in primary mouse brain microvascular ECs, STAT3 was constitutively active, and its phosphorylation was reduced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), recovering after re-oxygenation. STAT3 inhibition, using two mechanistically different pharmacological inhibitors, increased EC injury after OGD. The sub-lethal inhibition of STAT3 caused endothelial dysfunction, demonstrated by reduced nitric oxide release in response to acetylcholine and reduced barrier function of the endothelial monolayer. Finally, mice with reduced endothelial STAT3 (Tie2-Cre; STAT3flox/wt) sustained larger brain infarcts after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. We conclude that STAT3 is vital to maintaining cerebrovascular integrity, playing a role in EC survival and function, and protection against cerebral ischemia. Endothelial STAT3 may serve as a potential target in preventing endothelial dysfunction after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Kristin Lyon-Scott
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Elena V. Varlamov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Wenri H. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Pk. Rd., UHN-2, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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Bah TM, Allen EM, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Perez R, Zarnegarnia Y, Davis CM, Bloom MB, Magana AA, Choi J, Bobe G, Pike MM, Raber J, Maier CS, Alkayed NJ. GPR39 Deficiency Impairs Memory and Alters Oxylipins and Inflammatory Cytokines Without Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model of Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:893030. [PMID: 35875352 PMCID: PMC9298837 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cause of dementia. There is no treatment for VCI, in part due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is regulated by arachidonic acid (AA)-derived oxylipins that have been implicated in VCI. Furthermore, GPR39 is increased in microglia of post mortem human brains with VCI. Carriers of homozygous GPR39 SNPs have a higher burden of white matter hyperintensity, an MRI marker of VCI. We tested the hypothesis that GPR39 plays a protective role against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive impairment, in part mediated via oxylipins actions on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuroinflammation. Homozygous (KO) and heterozygous (Het) GPR39 knockout mice and wild-type (WT) littermates with and without HFD for 8 months were tested for cognitive performance using the novel object recognition (NOR) and the Morris water maze (MWM) tests, followed by CBF measurements using MRI. Brain tissue and plasma oxylipins were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Cytokines and chemokines were measured using a multiplex assay. KO mice, regardless of diet, swam further away from platform location in the MWM compared to WT and Het mice. In the NOR test, there were no effects of genotype or diet. Brain and plasma AA-derived oxylipins formed by 11- and 15-lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX) and non-enzymatically were increased by HFD and GPR39 deletion. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was lower in KO mice on HFD than standard diet (STD), whereas IL-4, interferon γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) were altered by diet in both WT and KO, but were not affected by genotype. Resting CBF was reduced in WT and KO mice on HFD, with no change in vasoreactivity. The deletion of GPR39 did not change CBF compared to WT mice on either STD or HFD. We conclude that GPR39 plays a role in spatial memory retention and protects against HFD-induced cognitive impairment in part by modulating inflammation and AA-derived oxylipins. The results indicate that GPR39 and oxylipin pathways play a role and may serve as therapeutic targets in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno M. Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elyse M. Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yalda Zarnegarnia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline B. Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando A. Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Martin M. Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Departments of Neurology, Radiation Medicine, and Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Alkayed NJ, Cipolla MJ. Role of Endothelial Cells and Platelets in COVID-Related Cerebrovascular Events. Stroke 2022; 53:2389-2392. [PMID: 35674044 PMCID: PMC9232245 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR (N.J.A.)
| | - Marilyn J. Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington (M.J.C.)
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13
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Siler DA, Semonche AM, Samatham R, Liu JJ, Martini RP, Alkayed NJ, Hinson HE, Cetas JS. Eicosanoid Ratios are Associated with Hemorrhage Severity and Predict Development of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Brain Hemorrhages 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Alkayed NJ, Cao Z, Qian ZY, Nagarajan S, Liu X, Nelson JW, Xie F, Li B, Fan W, Liu L, Grafe MR, Davis CM, Xiao X, Barnes AP, Kaul S. Control of Coronary Vascular Resistance by Eicosanoids via a Novel GPCR. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1011-C1021. [PMID: 35385329 PMCID: PMC9255704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00454.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs) are important regulators of myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. We applied a chemoproteomics strategy using a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify G protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) as a microvascular smooth muscle cell (mVSMC) receptor selective for two endogenous eicosanoids, 15-HETE and 14,15-EET, which act on the receptor to oppose each other's activity. The former increases mVSMC intracellular calcium via GPR39 and augments coronary microvascular resistance, and the latter inhibits these actions. Furthermore, we find that the efficacy of both ligands is potentiated by zinc acting as an allosteric modulator. Measurements of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in GPR39-null hearts using the Langendorff preparation indicate the receptor senses these eicosanoids to regulate microvascular tone. These results implicate GPR39 as an eicosanoid receptor and key regulator of myocardial tissue perfusion. Our findings will have a major impact on understanding the roles of eicosanoids in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide an opportunity for the development of novel GPR39-targeting therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Fuchun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- DDepartment of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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15
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Azarbal AF, Repella T, Carlson E, Manalo EC, Palanuk B, Vatankhah N, Zientek K, Keene DR, Zhang W, Abraham CZ, Moneta GL, Landry GJ, Alkayed NJ, Sakai LY. A Novel Model of Tobacco Smoke-Mediated Aortic Injury. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2022; 56:244-252. [PMID: 34961389 DOI: 10.1177/15385744211063054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco smoke exposure is a major risk factor for aortic aneurysm development. However, the initial aortic response to tobacco smoke, preceding aneurysm formation, is not well understood. We sought to create a model to determine the effect of solubilized tobacco smoke (STS) on the thoracic and abdominal aorta of mice as well as on cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). METHODS Tobacco smoke was solubilized and delivered to mice via implanted osmotic minipumps. Twenty male C57BL/6 mice received STS or vehicle infusion. The descending thoracic, suprarenal abdominal, and infrarenal abdominal segments of the aorta were assessed for elastic lamellar damage, smooth muscle cell phenotype, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Cultured HASMCs grown in media containing STS were compared to cells grown in standard media in order to verify our in vivo findings. RESULTS Tobacco smoke solution caused significantly more breaks in the elastic lamellae of the thoracic and abdominal aorta compared to control solution (P< .0001) without inciting an inflammatory infiltrate. Elastin breaks occurred more frequently in the abdominal aorta than the thoracic aorta (P < .01). Exposure to STS-induced aortic microdissections and downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Treatment of cultured HASMCs with STS confirmed the decrease in α-SMA expression. CONCLUSION Delivery of STS via osmotic minipumps appears to be a promising model for investigating the early aortic response to tobacco smoke exposure. The initial effect of tobacco smoke exposure on the aorta is elastic lamellar damage and downregulation of (α-SMA) expression by VSMCs. Elastic lamellar damage occurs more frequently in the abdominal aorta than the thoracic aorta and does not seem to be mediated by the presence of macrophages or other inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir F Azarbal
- Department of Surgery, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tana Repella
- Department of Surgery, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Carlson
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elise C Manalo
- Knight Cancer Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Braden Palanuk
- Department of Surgery, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nasibeh Vatankhah
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Keith Zientek
- Proteomics Core Facility, 6684Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cherrie Z Abraham
- Department of Surgery, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory L Moneta
- Department of Surgery, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory J Landry
- Department of Surgery, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- 24179Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lynn Y Sakai
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, 6684Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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16
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Martini RP, Siler D, Cetas J, Alkayed NJ, Allen E, Treggiari MM. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:905-915. [PMID: 34873674 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) are endogenous regulators of neuroinflammation and cerebral blood flow. Their metabolism to dihydroxyeicosatrienoates (DHETs) is catalyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). After subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), EETs' pathway amplification may be a therapeutic target for the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase Ib randomized trial of GSK2256294, a pharmacologic inhibitor of sEH, to evaluate the safety profile and to assess biomarkers of neurovascular inflammation in patients with aneurysmal SAH. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg of GSK2256294 or a placebo treatment once daily for 10 days, beginning within 72 hours after aneurysm rupture. The primary study end point was safety. Secondary end points included serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EETs-to-DHETs ratio, cytokine levels, and serum endothelial injury biomarkers, measured at day 7 and day 10 after SAH. Tertiary end points included neurologic status, disposition, length of stay, incidence of DCI, and mortality; these were assessed at hospital discharge and at 90 days. RESULTS Ten patients received GSK2256294 and nine patients received a placebo. There were no adverse events related to the study drug. GSK2256294 administration resulted in a significant increase in the EET/DHET ratio at day 7 and day 10 in serum, but not in the CSF. There was a trend for decreased CSF inflammatory cytokines following GSK2256294 administration, but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS GSK2256294 administration was safe and well tolerated in critically ill patients with SAH, producing an increase in serum EETs and the EET-to-DHET ratio. Our findings support future studies in a larger population to evaluate the role of sEH inhibition in the prevention of DCI after SAH and other forms of brain injury and inflammatory conditions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03318783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross P Martini
- Oregon Anesthesiology Group, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dominic Siler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Justin Cetas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elyse Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Miriam M Treggiari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, TMP3, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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17
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Davis CM, Bah TM, Zhang WH, Nelson JW, Golgotiu K, Nie X, Alkayed FN, Young JM, Woltjer RL, Silbert LC, Grafe MR, Alkayed NJ. GPR39 localization in the aging human brain and correlation of expression and polymorphism with vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2021; 7:e12214. [PMID: 34692987 PMCID: PMC8515554 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is not fully understood. GPR39, an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, is implicated in neurological disorders but its role in VCI is unknown. METHODS We performed GPR39 immunohistochemical analysis in post mortem brain samples from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control subjects. DNA was analyzed for GPR39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and correlated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden on pre mortem magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS GPR39 is expressed in aged human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, localized to microglia and peri-capillary cells resembling pericytes. GPR39-capillary colocalization, and density of GPR39-expressing microglia was increased in aged brains compared to young. SNP distribution was equivalent between groups; however, homozygous SNP carriers were present only in the MCI group, and had higher WMH volume than wild-type or heterozygous SNP carriers. DISCUSSION GPR39 may play a role in aging-related VCI, and may serve as a therapeutic target and biomarker for the risk of developing VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Thierno M. Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Wenri H. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Jonathan W. Nelson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Kirsti Golgotiu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Farah N. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Young
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Randy L. Woltjer
- Department of PathologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterDepartment of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Marjorie R. Grafe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of PathologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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18
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Emechebe U, Giraud D, Ammi AY, Scott KL, Jacobs JM, McDermott JE, Dykan IV, Alkayed NJ, Barnes AP, Kaul S, Davis CM. (Phospho)Proteomic dataset of ischemia- and ultrasound- stimulated mouse cardiac endothelial cells in vitro. Data Brief 2021; 38:107343. [PMID: 34527795 PMCID: PMC8429095 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac endothelial cells respond to both ischemia and therapeutic ultrasound; the proteomic changes underlying these responses are unknown. This data article provides raw and processed data resulting from our global, unbiased phosphoproteomics investigation conducted on primary mouse cardiac endothelial cells exposed to ischemia (2-hour oxygen glucose deprivation) and ultrasound (250 kHz, 1.2 MPa) in vitro [1]. Proteins were extracted from cell lysates and enriched phosphopeptides were analyzed with a high mass accuracy liquid chromatrography (LC) - tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) proteomic platform, yielding multiple alterations in both total protein levels and phosphorylation events in response to ischemic injury and ultrasound. This dataset can be used as a reference for future studies on the cardiac endothelial response to ischemia and the mechanistic underpinnings of the cellular response to ultrasound, with the potential to yield clinically relevant therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Emechebe
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David Giraud
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Azzdine Y Ammi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kristin L Scott
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jon M Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jason E McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Igor V Dykan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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19
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Schenning KJ, Holden S, Davis BA, Mulford A, Nevonen KA, Quinn JF, Raber J, Carbone L, Alkayed NJ. Gene-Specific DNA Methylation Linked to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Apolipoprotein E3 and E4 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1251-1268. [PMID: 34420963 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric surgical patients are at higher risk of developing postoperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD) than younger patients. The specific mechanisms underlying postoperative NCD remain unknown, but they have been linked to genetic risk factors, such as the presence of APOE4, compared to APOE3, and epigenetic modifications caused by exposure to anesthesia and surgery. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that compared to E3 mice, E4 mice exhibit a more pronounced postoperative cognitive impairment associated with differential DNA methylation in brain regions linked to learning and memory. METHODS 16-month-old humanized apolipoprotein-E targeted replacement mice bearing E3 or E4 were subjected to surgery (laparotomy) under general isoflurane anesthesia or sham. Postoperative behavioral testing and genome-wide DNA methylation were performed. RESULTS Exposure to surgery and anesthesia impaired cognition in aged E3, but not E4 mice, likely due to the already lower cognitive performance of E4 prior to surgery. Cognitive impairment in E3 mice was associated with hypermethylation of specific genes, including genes in the Ephrin pathway implicated in synaptic plasticity and learning in adults and has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Other genes, such as the Scratch Family Transcriptional Repressor 2, were altered after surgery and anesthesia in both the E3 and E4 mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the neurocognitive and behavioral effects of surgery and anesthesia depend on baseline neurocognitive status and are associated with APOE isoform-dependent epigenetic modifications of specific genes and pathways involved in memory and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Schenning
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brett A Davis
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amelia Mulford
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberly A Nevonen
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lucia Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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20
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Zhang W, Davis CM, Zeppenfeld DM, Golgotiu K, Wang MX, Haveliwala M, Hong D, Li Y, Wang RK, Iliff JJ, Alkayed NJ. Role of endothelium-pericyte signaling in capillary blood flow response to neuronal activity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1873-1885. [PMID: 33853406 PMCID: PMC8327110 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211007957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Local blood flow in the brain is tightly coupled to metabolic demands, a phenomenon termed functional hyperemia. Both capillaries and arterioles contribute to the hyperemic response to neuronal activity via different mechanisms and timescales. The nature and specific signaling involved in the hyperemic response of capillaries versus arterioles, and their temporal relationship are not fully defined. We determined the time-dependent changes in capillary flux and diameter versus arteriolar velocity and flow following whisker stimulation using optical microangiography (OMAG) and two-photon microscopy. We further characterized depth-resolved responses of individual capillaries versus capillary networks. We hypothesized that capillaries respond first to neuronal activation, and that they exhibit a coordinated response mediated via endothelial-derived epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) acting on pericytes. To visualize peri-capillary pericytes, we used Tie2-GFP/NG2-DsRed mice, and to determine the role of endothelial-derived EETs, we compared cerebrovascular responses to whisker stimulation between wild-type mice and mice with lower endothelial EETs (Tie2-hsEH). We found that capillaries respond immediately to neuronal activation in an orchestrated network-level manner, a response attenuated in Tie2-hsEH and inhibited by blocking EETs action on pericytes. These results demonstrate that capillaries are first responders during functional hyperemia, and that they exhibit a network-level response mediated via endothelial-derived EETs' action on peri-capillary pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Douglas M Zeppenfeld
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kirsti Golgotiu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marie X Wang
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariya Haveliwala
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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21
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Abstract
GPR39, a member of the ghrelin family of G protein-coupled receptors, is zinc-responsive and contributes to the regulation of diverse neurovascular and neurologic functions. Accumulating evidence suggests a role as a homeostatic regulator of neuronal excitability, vascular tone, and the immune response. We review GPR39 structure, function, and signaling, including constitutive activity and biased signaling, and summarize its expression pattern in the central nervous system. We further discuss its recognized role in neurovascular, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Anthony P. Barnes
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
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22
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Nagarajan S, Qian ZY, Marimuthu P, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Barnes AP. Mapping the Molecular Architecture Required for Lipid-Binding Pockets Using a Subset of Established and Orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3442-3452. [PMID: 34242503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) sense a wide variety of stimuli, including lipids, and transduce signals to the intracellular environment to exert various physiological responses. However, the structural features of GPCRs responsible for detecting and triggering responses to distinct lipid ligands have only recently begun to be revealed. 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is one such lipid mediator that plays an essential role in the vascular system, displaying both vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. We recently reported multiple low-affinity 14,15-EET-binding GPCRs, but the mechanism by which these receptors sense 14,15-EET remains unclear. Here, we have taken a combined computational and experimental approach to identify and confirm critical residues and properties within the lipid-binding pocket. Furthermore, we generated mutants to engineer selected GPCR-predicted binding sites to either confer or abolish 14,15-EET-induced signaling. Our structure-function analyses indicate that hydrophobic and positively charged residues of the receptor-binding pocket are prerequisites for recognizing lipid ligands such as 14,15-EET and possibly other eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory and Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Emechebe U, Nelson JW, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Adey AC, Barnes AP. Age-dependent transcriptional alterations in cardiac endothelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:295-308. [PMID: 34097533 PMCID: PMC8321782 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite the fact that endothelial cells play critical roles in cardiovascular function and disease, the molecular impact of aging on this cell population in many organ systems remains unknown. In this study, we sought to determine age-associated transcriptional alterations in cardiac endothelial cells. Highly enriched populations of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the heart, brain, and kidney of young (3 mo) and aged (24 mo) C57/BL6 mice were profiled for RNA expression via bulk RNA sequencing. Approximately 700 cardiac endothelial transcripts significantly differ by age. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated similar patterns for cellular pathway perturbations. Receptor-ligand comparisons indicated parallel alterations in age-affected circulating factors and cardiac endothelial-expressed receptors. Gene and pathway enrichment analyses show that age-related transcriptional response of cardiac endothelial cells is distinct from that of endothelial cells derived from the brain or kidney vascular bed. Furthermore, single-cell analysis identified nine distinct EC subtypes and shows that the Apelin Receptor-enriched subtype is reduced with age in mouse heart. Finally, we identify age-dysregulated genes in specific aged cardiac endothelial subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Emechebe
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Andrew C Adey
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Portland, OR (N.J.A.)
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Science, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington (M.J.C.)
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25
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Le DE, García-Jaramillo M, Bobe G, Alcazar Magana A, Vaswani A, Minnier J, Jump DB, Rinkevich D, Alkayed NJ, Maier CS, Kaul S. Plasma Oxylipins: A Potential Risk Assessment Tool in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:645786. [PMID: 33969011 PMCID: PMC8097092 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While oxylipins have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), little is known about their diagnostic and prognostic potential. Objective: We tested whether plasma concentration of specific oxylipins may discriminate among number of diseased coronary arteries and predict median 5-year outcomes in symptomatic adults. Methods: Using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative tandem mass spectrometry, we conducted a targeted analysis of 39 oxylipins in plasma samples of 23 asymptomatic adults with low CAD risk and 74 symptomatic adults (≥70% stenosis), aged 38–87 from the Greater Portland, Oregon area. Concentrations of 22 oxylipins were above the lower limit of quantification in >98% of adults and were compared, individually and in groups based on precursors and biosynthetic pathways, in symptomatic adults to number of diseased coronary arteries [(1) n = 31; (2) n = 23; (3) n = 20], and outcomes during a median 5-year follow-up (no surgery: n = 7; coronary stent placement: n = 24; coronary artery bypass graft surgery: n = 26; death: n = 7). Results: Plasma levels of six quantified oxylipins decreased with the number of diseased arteries; a panel of five oxylipins diagnosed three diseased arteries with 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Concentrations of five oxylipins were lower and one oxylipin was higher with survival; a panel of two oxylipins predicted survival during follow-up with 86% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Conclusions: Quantification of plasma oxylipins may assist in CAD diagnosis and prognosis in combination with standard risk assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Department of Biostatistics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Diana Rinkevich
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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26
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Plubell DL, Fenton AM, Rosario S, Bergstrom P, Wilmarth PA, Clark W, Zakai NA, Quinn JF, Minnier J, Alkayed NJ, Fazio S, Pamir N. High-Density Lipoprotein Carries Markers That Track With Recovery From Stroke. Circ Res 2020; 127:1274-1287. [PMID: 32844720 PMCID: PMC7581542 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prospective cohort studies question the value of HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) for stroke risk prediction. OBJECTIVE Investigate the relationship between long-term functional recovery and HDL proteome and function. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in HDL protein composition and function (cholesterol efflux capacity) in patients after acute ischemic stroke at 2 time points (24 hours, 35 patients; 96 hours, 20 patients) and in 35 control subjects were measured. The recovery from stroke was assessed by 3 months, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin scale scores. When compared with control subject after adjustments for sex and HDL-C levels, 12 proteins some of which participate in acute phase response and platelet activation (APMAP [adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein], GPLD1 [phosphate inositol-glycan specific phospholipase D], APOE [apolipoprotein E], IHH [Indian hedgehog protein], ITIH4 [inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor chain H4], SAA2 [serum amyloid A2], APOA4 [apolipoprotein A-IV], CLU [clusterin], ANTRX2 [anthrax toxin receptor 2], PON1 [serum paraoxonase/arylesterase], SERPINA1 [alpha-1-antitrypsin], and APOF [apolipoprotein F]) were significantly (adjusted P<0.05) altered in stroke HDL at 96 hours. The first 8 of these proteins were also significantly altered at 24 hours. Consistent with inflammatory remodeling, cholesterol efflux capacity was reduced by 32% (P<0.001) at both time points. Baseline stroke severity adjusted regression model showed that changes within 96-hour poststroke in APOF, APOL1, APMAP, APOC4 (apolipoprotein C4), APOM (apolipoprotein M), PCYOX1 (prenylcysteine oxidase 1), PON1, and APOE correlate with stroke recovery scores (R2=0.38-0.73, adjusted P<0.05). APOF (R2=0.73) and APOL1 (R2=0.60) continued to significantly correlate with recovery scores after accounting for tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) treatment. CONCLUSIONS Changes in HDL proteins during early acute phase of stroke associate with recovery. Monitoring HDL proteins may provide clinical biomarkers that inform on stroke recuperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L. Plubell
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Alex M. Fenton
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Sara Rosario
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Paige Bergstrom
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Wayne Clark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont
| | | | - Jessica Minnier
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
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27
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Le E, García-Jaramillo M, Magana AA, Rinkevich D, Zhao Y, Dykan IV, Jump DB, Maier CS, Bobe G, Simpson T, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S. OXYLIPINS PREDICT PRESENCE AND EXTENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)30769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Le DE, Davis CM, Wei K, Zhao Y, Cao Z, Nugent M, Scott KLL, Liu L, Nagarajan S, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S. Ranolazine may exert its beneficial effects by increasing myocardial adenosine levels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H189-H202. [PMID: 31834840 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that ranolazine-induced adenosine release is responsible for its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease. Sixteen open-chest anesthetized dogs with noncritical coronary stenosis were studied at rest, during dobutamine stress, and during dobutamine stress with ranolazine. Six additional dogs without stenosis were studied only at rest. Regional myocardial function and perfusion were assessed. Coronary venous blood was drawn. Murine endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes were incubated with ranolazine and adenosine metabolic enzyme inhibitors, and adenosine levels were measured. Cardiomyocytes were also exposed to dobutamine and dobutamine with ranolazine. Modeling was employed to determine whether ranolazine can bind to an enzyme that alters adenosine stores. Ranolazine was associated with increased adenosine levels in the absence (21.7 ± 3.0 vs. 9.4 ± 2.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and presence of ischemia (43.1 ± 13.2 vs. 23.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-systolic wall stress decreased (49.85 ± 4.68 vs. 57.42 ± 3.73 dyn/cm2, P < 0.05) and endocardial-to-epicardial myocardial blood flow ratio tended to normalize (0.89 ± 0.08 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10, P = nonsignificant). Adenosine levels increased in cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes when incubated with ranolazine that was reversed when cytosolic-5'-nucleotidase (cN-II) was inhibited. Point mutation of cN-II aborted an increase in its specific activity by ranolazine. Similarly, adenosine levels did not increase when cardiomyocytes were incubated with dobutamine. Modeling demonstrated plausible binding of ranolazine to cN-II with a docking energy of -11.7 kcal/mol. We conclude that the anti-adrenergic and cardioprotective effects of ranolazine-induced increase in tissue adenosine levels, likely mediated by increasing cN-II activity, may contribute to its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ranolazine is a drug used for treatment of angina pectoris in patients with ischemic heart disease. We discovered a novel mechanism by which this drug may exhibit its beneficial effects. It increases coronary venous levels of adenosine both at rest and during dobutamine-induced myocardial ischemia. Ranolazine also increases adenosine levels in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes in vitro, by principally increasing activity of the enzyme cytosolic-5'-nucleotidase. Adenosine has well-known myocardial protective and anti-adrenergic properties that may explain, in part, ranolazine's beneficial effect in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kevin Wei
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yan Zhao
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew Nugent
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kristin L Lyon Scott
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Seifert HA, Zhu W, Vandenbark AA, Alkayed NJ, Offner H. Sex differences in the therapeutic effects of anti-PDL2 neutralizing antibody on stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1705-1712. [PMID: 31410774 PMCID: PMC6858940 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation involving migration of immune cells across the damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB), activation of resident innate microglia and production of inflammatory humoral mediators such as cytokines and chemokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Cell-cell signaling involved in the process also includes checkpoint interaction between programmed death receptor (PD1) and programmed death ligands, PDL1 and PDL2. Based on our previous studies showing reduced MCAO infarct volumes in PDL2 deficient mice, we evaluated the ability of anti-PDL2 mAb to treat MCAO in male and female C57BL/6 mice. We found that anti-PDL2 neutralizing antibody treatment of MCAO significantly reduced infarct volumes in male mice but had no protective effects in female mice even at a 5-fold increased dose of anti-PDL2 mAb. The protection in male mice was likely mediated by reduced percentages in the spleen of PDL2+CD19+ B cells, PDL1+CD4+ T cells and CD86+CD11b+ macrophages in concert with reduced expression of PDL1 and TNFα and continued expression of CD206, in the injured ipsilateral brain hemisphere. The lack of a therapeutic benefit of anti-PDL2 on stroke-induced infarct volumes in female mice was reflected by no detectable reduction in expressed PDL2 or PDL1 and an increased frequency of Th1 and Th17 pro-inflammatory T cell subsets in the spleen, an effect not seen in PDL2 mAb treated males. This result potentially limits the utility of anti-PDL2 mAb therapy in stroke to males but underscores the importance of meeting the STAIR requirements for development of new stroke therapies for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Seifert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- The Knight Cardiovacular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Mott B, Ammi AY, Le DE, Davis C, Dykan IV, Zhao Y, Nugent M, Minnier J, Gowda M, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S. Therapeutic Ultrasound Increases Myocardial Blood Flow in Ischemic Myocardium and Cardiac Endothelial Cells: Results of In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:1151-1160. [PMID: 31272838 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic ultrasound can reduce infarct size in a model of coronary thrombosis even when sonothrombolysis is ineffective. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ultrasound-induced cardioprotection is mediated by molecules released from the vascular endothelium that increase myocardial blood flow (MBF) and also have direct tissue-salvaging effects. METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed using a 1.05-MHz transducer. For the in vivo experiments 10 control and 10 ultrasound-treated dogs undergoing occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery were studied. MBF was measured using myocardial contrast echocardiography. For the in vitro experiments, primary mouse cardiac endothelial cells were exposed to ultrasound at baseline or following oxygen-glucose deprivation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation as well as adenosine and the eicosanoids epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and hydroxyl-eicosatetraenoic acids were measured. RESULTS In vivo, ultrasound treatment caused higher MBF (20 ± 10 vs 10 ± 8, P = .03) and higher wall thickening (3 ± 3% vs 1 ± 0.4%, P = .01) in the collateral-derived border zone compared with control. Epicardial MBF in the left anterior descending coronary artery bed also tended to be higher (17 ± 17 vs 5 ± 4, P = .05) in ultrasound-treated versus control animals; however, endocardial MBF in this region was similar to that in controls (13 ± 14 vs 14 ± 7). In vitro, phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and adenosine increased (by 129 ± 11% and 286 ± 63%, respectively, P < .01) with ultrasound compared with unstimulated cells. Similar results were obtained with epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. After oxygen-glucose deprivation, phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreased and was restored with application of ultrasound. Similar changes were noted with epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Cell viability decreased with oxygen-glucose deprivation and returned to near baseline with ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound increases MBF in ischemic tissue in vivo. This effect is likely mediated by the release of a plethora of coronary vasodilators during ultrasound treatment that also have direct tissue-salvaging effects. Therapeutic ultrasound, therefore, has potential for treatment of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia independent of its effect on thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mott
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Azzdine Y Ammi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Veterans Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine Davis
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Igor V Dykan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yan Zhao
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mathew Nugent
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Biostatistics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mohanika Gowda
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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31
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Methner C, Mishra A, Golgotiu K, Li Y, Wei W, Yanez ND, Zlokovic B, Wang RK, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Iliff JJ. Pericyte constriction underlies capillary derecruitment during hyperemia in the setting of arterial stenosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H255-H263. [PMID: 31125259 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Capillary derecruitment distal to a coronary stenosis is implicated as the mechanism of reversible perfusion defect and potential myocardial ischemia during coronary hyperemia; however, the underlying mechanisms are not defined. We tested whether pericyte constriction underlies capillary derecruitment during hyperemia under conditions of stenosis. In vivo two-photon microscopy (2PM) and optical microangiography (OMAG) were used to measure hyperemia-induced changes in capillary diameter and perfusion in wild-type and pericyte-depleted mice with femoral artery stenosis. OMAG demonstrated that hyperemic challenge under stenosis produced capillary derecruitment associated with decreased RBC flux. 2PM demonstrated that hyperemia under control conditions induces 26 ± 5% of capillaries to dilate and 19 ± 3% to constrict. After stenosis, the proportion of capillaries dilating to hyperemia decreased to 14 ± 4% (P = 0.05), whereas proportion of constricting capillaries increased to 32 ± 4% (P = 0.05). Hyperemia-induced changes in capillary diameter occurred preferentially in capillary segments invested with pericytes. In a transgenic mouse model featuring partial pericyte depletion, only 14 ± 3% of capillaries constricted to hyperemic challenge after stenosis, a significant reduction from 33 ± 4% in wild-type littermate controls (P = 0.04). These results provide for the first time direct visualization of hyperemia-induced capillary derecruitment distal to arterial stenosis and demonstrate that pericyte constriction underlies this phenomenon in vivo. These results could have important therapeutic implications in the treatment of exercise-induced ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the setting of coronary arterial stenosis, hyperemia produces a reversible perfusion defect resulting from capillary derecruitment that is believed to underlie cardiac ischemia under hyperemic conditions. We use optical microangiography and in vivo two-photon microscopy to visualize capillary derecruitment distal to a femoral arterial stenosis with cellular resolution. We demonstrate that capillary constriction in response to hyperemia in the setting of stenosis is dependent on pericytes, contractile mural cells investing the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Methner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Kirsti Golgotiu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - N David Yanez
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Johnson LA, Torres ER, Weber Boutros S, Patel E, Akinyeke T, Alkayed NJ, Raber J. Apolipoprotein E4 mediates insulin resistance-associated cerebrovascular dysfunction and the post-prandial response. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:770-781. [PMID: 29215310 PMCID: PMC6498752 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17746186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction, commonly a result of diets high in saturated fats and sugar, is associated with impaired cognitive function and an increased risk of age-related cognitive decline (ACD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compared to the E3 isoform of apolipoprotein (apoE), the E4 isoform is a major genetic risk factor for ACD, AD, and for developing cognitive impairments following various environmental challenges, including dietary challenges such as a high-fat diet (HFD). Both insulin resistance (IR) and E4 are associated with metabolic and vascular impairments. Deficits in cerebral metabolism and cerebrovascular function have been proposed as initiating events leading to these impairments. In the current study, we employed a model of human apoE targeted replacement mice and HFD-induced obesity to study the potential link between E4 and IR, at rest and following a postprandial challenge. HFD-induced IR was associated with impaired cognition, reduced cerebral blood volume and decreased glucose uptake. These effects were more profound in E4 than E3 mice. Furthermore, the cognitive, metabolic and cerebrovascular responses to an exogenous glucose load showed an apoE isoform-dependent response, with E4, but not E3 mice, acutely benefiting from a spike in blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Johnson
- 1 Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Eileen Ruth Torres
- 1 Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sydney Weber Boutros
- 1 Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Esha Patel
- 1 Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tunde Akinyeke
- 1 Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,4 Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- 1 Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,5 Department of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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33
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Nagarajan S, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Barnes AP. Effect of thermostable mutations on the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) activation state. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:340-353. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1573705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony P. Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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34
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Plubell DL, Fenton AM, Minnier J, Clark W, Zakai NA, Quinn JF, Alkayed NJ, Pamir N. Abstract 135: Sterol Efflux Function and HDL Associated APOF Levels Associate with Recovery from Stroke. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between HDL-cholesterol (C) and stroke risk are discordant and question the value of HDL-C as a marker for stroke risk prediction. Changes in HDL-C protein composition and function after acute ischemic stroke, and their relationship to stroke recovery have not been studied. We investigated changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and proteome in response to acute ischemic stroke, and their correlation with long-term functional recovery after stroke.
Methods:
Plasma samples were collected from stroke patients either at 24 (early, N = 35) or 96 hours (late, N = 20) after stroke onset, in addition to age matched healthy controls (N = 35). Samples were analyzed for HDL proteome using mass spectrometry, and CEC using three independent assays for macrophage-, ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent efflux. Stroke recovery was assessed at 3 months after stroke using the Modified Rankin Scores (MRS) and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Results:
Both macrophage- and ABCG1-mediated CEC were reduced by 50% (
P
<0.0001) and 20% (
P
<0.038) in early and late post stroke samples, respectively, compared to the control group. Patients who had comparable or increased CEC between the two-time points had lower NIHSS and MRS indicating better recovery. Proteomic analysis of HDL indicated a distinct time-dependent remodeling post stroke. Coagulation complement cascade proteins (FGB, FGA, A2M, C3) significantly increased (FDR>0.01) early and returned to control levels later, inflammation proteins (SAA1, SAA2, PON1, C4B) increased early and continued to increase. Interestingly, platelet adhesion proteins (DSG1, JUP, ITGB1, ITGA2, TUBB, DNAH3, PF4) were abundantly present in only later samples. Finally, apolipoprotein F (APOF) levels were 2 fold increased at 96 hour when compared to 24hour time points. APOF positively and significantly correlated with NIHSS (r=0.72, P=0.031)
Conclusion:
1) Patients with acute ischemic stroke who maintain or improve HDL CEC post stroke exhibit better recovery scores, 2) Post stroke HDL proteome remodeling is dynamic with distinct time-dependent protein signatures among which APOF correlates positively and strongly with stroke recovery.
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35
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Abstract
Significance: Eicosanoids are endogenous lipid mediators that play important roles in brain function and disease. Acute brain injury such as that which occurs in stroke and traumatic brain injury increases the formation of eicosanoids, which, in turn, exacerbate or diminish injury. In chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD), eicosanoid synthetic and metabolizing enzymes are altered, disrupting the balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic eicosanoids. Recent Advances: Human and experimental studies have established the opposing roles of hydroxy- and epoxyeicosanoids and their potential utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neural injury. Critical Issues: A gap in knowledge remains in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the neurovascular actions of specific eicosanoids, such as specific isomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Future Directions: EETs and HETEs exert their actions on brain cells by targeting multiple mechanisms, which include surface G-protein coupled receptors. The identification of high-affinity receptors for EETs and HETEs and their cellular localization in the brain will be a breakthrough in our understanding of these eicosanoids as mediators of cell-cell communications and contributors to brain development, function, and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 987-1007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Catherine M Davis
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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36
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids play important roles in brain function and disease through their complementary actions on cell-cell communications within the neurovascular unit (NVU) and mechanisms of brain injury. Epoxy- and hydroxyeicosanoids, respectively formed by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and ω-hydroxylases, play opposing roles in cerebrovascular function and in pathological processes underlying neural injury, including ischemia, neuroinflammation and oxidative injury. P450 eicosanoids also contribute to cerebrovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes. We summarize studies investigating the roles P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular physiology and disease to highlight the existing balance between these important lipid signaling molecules, as well as their roles in maintaining neurovascular homeostasis and in acute and chronic neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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37
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Plubell D, Fenton A, Wayne C, Zakai NA, Quinn JF, Alkayed NJ, Pamir N. Abstract 391: Sterol Efflux Function and Protein Composition of HDL Associates With Recovery From Stroke. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between HDL-cholesterol (C) and stroke are discordant and question the value of HDL-C as a marker for stroke risk prediction. Other properties of HDL-C such as cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and proteome, are less studied.
Methods:
We investigated the changes in HDL CEC and proteome to determine if they are associated with improved stroke recovery. Plasma from age- and lipid profile-matched healthy controls (N = 35) and stroke patients were collected at 24 (early, N = 35) and 96 hour (late, N = 20) post stroke, and analyzed with three independent assays to measure macrophage-mediated, ABCA1 and ABCG1-specific sterol efflux, and HDL proteome. Stroke recovery was assessed at 3 months using the Modified Rankin Scores (MRS) and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Results:
Both macrophage- and ABCG1-mediated CEC were reduced by 50% (
P
<0.0001) and 20% (
P
<0.038) in early and late post stroke samples, respectively, compared to the control group. Patients who had comparable or increased CEC between the two-time points exhibited lower NIHSS and MRS indicating better recovery. Proteomic analysis of HDL indicated a distinct time-dependent remodeling post stroke. Coagulation complement cascade proteins (FGB, FGA, A2M, C3) significantly increased (FDR>0.01) early and returned to control levels later, inflammation proteins (SAA1, SAA2, PON1, C4B) increased early and continued to increase. Interestingly, platelet adhesion proteins (DSG1, JUP, ITGB1, ITGA2, TUBB, DNAH3, PF4) were abundantly present in only later samples.
Conclusion:
1) patients who maintain or improve HDL CEC post stroke exhibit better recovery scores, 2) post stroke HDL proteome remodeling is dynamic with distinct time-dependent protein signatures that may associate with stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clark Wayne
- Oregon Health and Science Univ, Portland, OR
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38
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Abstract
Introduction:
Peroxisomes are highly adaptable and dynamic organelles, undergoing a formation/degradation cycle every 24-48 hours. We have previously demonstrated that increasing peroxisomal biogenesis serves a protective function in neurons experiencing ischemic injury, in part through catalase-mediated antioxidant activity. The role of autophagy in adult cerebral ischemia has been studied, yet the specific role for the targeted destruction of damaged peroxisomes (pexophagy) in ischemic stroke has not yet been explored.
Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that post-ischemic pexophagy is a critical step for neuronal survival. We used a combination of pharmacologic and genetic strategies to test whether perturbation of autophagy in general and pexophagy in particular exacerbates ischemic brain injury by targeting key regulators including mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR).
Methods:
Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 60 min) was performed in male mice treated with mTOR rapamycin (1.25 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle at the beginning of reperfusion. Similarly, TSC1 knock-out and wild-type mice underwent 60-min MCAO, and brains were harvested and analyzed for infarct size at 24 hrs of reperfusion. Separate brains we analyzed for peroxisomal membrane protein co-localization with autophagic markers, and for autophagic activity based on microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) turnover.
Results:
Activation of autophagy using rapamycin reduced infarct size after MCAO (27.2 ± 2.8% in rapamycin-treated mice vs. 37.3 ± 1.8 % in vehicle-treated mice in cortex , n=10 and 9 per group respectively, p=0.01), whereas TSC1 knockout mice, which have reduced pexophagy, sustained larger infarcts than WT mice (48.5 ± 4.5% in TSC1 knockout mice vs. 33.0 ± 5.8 % in vehicle-treated mice in cortex , n=4 and 5 per group respectively, p=0.007). The experiments of peroxisomal co-localization and autophagic activity have been finished but no results yet. We’ll report them later.
Conclusions:
We conclude that organelle autophagy, including pexophagy, is an endogenous mechanism of neuroprotection after stroke, and that both biogenesis and pexophagy of peroxisomes are protective by promoting peroxisomal turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhu
- Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, OR
| | - Wenri Zhang
- Core Molecular Laboratories & Training Dept of Anesthesiology & Peri-Operative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, OR
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Davis CM, Benedek G, Weber S, Roese N, Zhang W, Raber J, Offner H, Alkayed NJ. Abstract TMP96: Neuroinflammatory Mechanism of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Stroke 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The mechanisms of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated increased expression and activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in microvascular endothelium of human brain tissue from deceased patients with pre-mortem VCI. sEH is a key enzyme in the inactivation of endogenous lipid signaling mediators, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), known to have vasodilator and anti-inflammatory properties.
Hypothesis:
Upregulation of endothelial sEH impairs cognition, by mechanisms involving reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and enhanced inflammation.
Methods:
Mice constitutively expressing human sEH in endothelium (Tie2-hsEH) and wild-type (WT) underwent unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) or sham surgery, then analyzed 4 months later for cognitive performance using the Morris water maze (MWM), CBF by perfusion MRI, immune cell profiling in brain, blood and spleen using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, immune profiling was performed on WT mice 28 days following surgery, with and without pretreatment with immune modulator DRa1-hMOG-35-55 (HLA-DR a1 moiety linked to human MOG-35-55 peptide).
Results:
Tie2-hsEH mice showed impaired spatial memory retention in the MWM. No differences were observed in CBF between genotypes. IHC demonstrated a higher density of CD45-positive cells in Tie2-hsEH brain compared to WT. FACS analysis revealed a higher frequency of CD11b
+
CD45
hi
cells in Tie2-hsEH vs. WT mice. Furthermore, these cells express higher levels of CD74, the receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Similarly, following UCCAO, the frequency of antigen-presenting dendritic cells and CD74 expression on CD11b
+
CD45
hi
cells were increased in brain, but reduced in spleen and blood compared to naïve mice; both changes were reversed by treatment with DRa1-MOG-35-55, resulting in a decreased frequency and activation state of these cells.
Conclusions:
Our data suggest that infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages may contribute to cognitive impairment in VCI. Our findings suggest that CD74 expression could serve as a biomarker for VCI, and that DRa1-MOG-35-55 may be effective in treating VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gil Benedek
- VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, OR
| | | | | | | | | | - Halina Offner
- VA Portland Health Care System, Oregon Health & Science Univ, Portland, OR
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40
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Vatankhah N, Jahangiri Y, Landry GJ, McLafferty RB, Alkayed NJ, Moneta GL, Azarbal AF. Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in diabetic wound healing. J Vasc Surg 2016; 65:478-483. [PMID: 27887858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been used as a surrogate marker of systemic inflammation. We sought to investigate the association between NLR and wound healing in diabetic wounds. METHODS The outcomes of 120 diabetic foot ulcers in 101 patients referred from August 2011 to December 2014 were examined retrospectively. Demographic, patient-specific, and wound-specific variables as well as NLR at baseline visit were assessed. Outcomes were classified as ulcer healing, minor amputation, major amputation, and chronic ulcer. RESULTS The subjects' mean age was 59.4 ± 13.0 years, and 67 (66%) were male. Final outcome was complete healing in 24 ulcers (20%), minor amputation in 58 (48%) and major amputation in 16 (13%), and 22 chronic ulcers (18%) at the last follow-up (median follow-up time, 6.8 months). In multivariate analysis, higher NLR (odds ratio, 13.61; P = .01) was associated with higher odds of nonhealing. CONCLUSIONS NLR can predict odds of complete healing in diabetic foot ulcers independent of wound infection and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Vatankhah
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore.
| | - Younes Jahangiri
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Gregory J Landry
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Robert B McLafferty
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Gregory L Moneta
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Amir F Azarbal
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
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41
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Benedek G, Vandenbark AA, Alkayed NJ, Offner H. Partial MHC class II constructs as novel immunomodulatory therapy for stroke. Neurochem Int 2016; 107:138-147. [PMID: 27773790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of stroke continues to rise despite recent successes in treating acute ischemic stroke. With limited patient eligibility and associated risk of tPA and mechanical thrombectomy, new preventive and therapeutic modalities are needed to stave the rising wave of stroke. Inflammation plays a key role in brain damage after cerebral ischemia, and novel therapies that target pro-inflammatory cells have demonstrated promise for treatment for stroke. Partial MHC class II constructs have been shown to prevent and/or reverse clinical signs of various inflammatory diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune uveitis, by reducing the number and frequency of activated cells in the damaged CNS. Herein, we review the use of partial MHC class II constructs as a novel treatment for ischemic stroke. These constructs have been shown to reduce infarct volume and neurological deficit in various cerebral ischemia models in young adult and aging male and female mice. In addition, partial MHC class II constructs were shown to reverse stroke-associated splenic atrophy and promote a protective M2 macrophage/microglia phenotype in the CNS which contributes to tissue repair and recovery after stroke. By addressing remaining STAIR criteria, such as efficacy in large animal models of stroke, these constructs will be prime candidates for clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Benedek
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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42
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Liu X, Qian ZY, Xie F, Fan W, Nelson JW, Xiao X, Kaul S, Barnes AP, Alkayed NJ. Functional screening for G protein-coupled receptor targets of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 132:31-40. [PMID: 27649858 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent vasodilators that play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and disease, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological actions of EETs are not fully understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the actions of EETs are in part mediated via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, but the identity of such a receptor has remained elusive. We sought to identify 14,15-EET-responsive GPCRs. A set of 105 clones were expressed in Xenopus oocyte and screened for their ability to activate cAMP-dependent chloride current. Several receptors responded to micromolar concentrations of 14,15-EET, with the top five being prostaglandin receptor subtypes (PTGER2, PTGER4, PTGFR, PTGDR, PTGER3IV). Overall, our results indicate that multiple low-affinity 14,15-EET GPCRs are capable of increasing cAMP levels following 14,15-EET stimulation, highlighting the potential for cross-talk between prostanoid and other ecosanoid GPCRs. Our data also indicate that none of the 105 GPCRs screened met our criteria for a high-affinity receptor for 14,15-EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Zu-Yuan Qian
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Fuchun Xie
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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43
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Schenning KJ, Casson H, Click SV, Brambrink L, Chatkupt TT, Alkayed NJ, Hutchens MP. Vapor Pressures of Anesthetic Agents at Temperatures Below 0°C and a Novel Anesthetic Delivery Device. Anesth Analg 2016; 124:473-479. [PMID: 27632346 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
At room temperature, the vapor pressures of desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane are well above the clinically useful range. We hypothesized that therapeutic concentrations of these agents could be achieved at temperatures below 0°C, but the vapor pressure-temperature relationship is unknown below 0. Second, we hypothesized that this relationship could be exploited to deliver therapeutic-range concentrations of anesthetic vapor. We therefore set out to determine the low temperature-vapor pressure relationships of each anesthetic agent, thereby identifying the saturated vapor concentration of each agent at any temperature below 0°C. To test our hypothesis, we measured the saturated vapor concentration at 1 atm of pressure for temperatures between -60 and 0°C, thus developing an empiric relationship for each agent. There was consistency in repeated experiments for all 3 agents. To test the empiric data, we constructed a digitally controlled thermoelectric anesthetic vaporizer, characterized the device, and used it to deliver anesthetic vapor to laboratory mice. We report, for the first time, the temperature-vapor pressure relationship at temperatures below 0°C for desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane as well as the TMAC of these agents: the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the minimum alveolar concentration. We describe the construction and limited validation of an anesthetic vaporizer prototype on the basis of this principle. We conclude that clinically relevant concentrations of volatile anesthetics may be achieved at low temperatures.
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44
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Chadderdon SM, Belcik JT, Bader L, Peters DM, Kievit P, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Grove KL, Lindner JR. Temporal Changes in Skeletal Muscle Capillary Responses and Endothelial-Derived Vasodilators in Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:2249-57. [PMID: 27207517 PMCID: PMC4955987 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inability of insulin to increase skeletal muscle capillary blood volume (CBV) reduces glucose uptake in insulin resistance (IR). We hypothesized that abnormalities in endothelial-derived vasodilator pathways are temporally associated with the development of IR and an impaired ability to increase skeletal muscle CBV. A comprehensive metabolic and vascular screening assessment was performed on 10 adult rhesus macaques at baseline and every 4-6 months for 2 years after starting a high-fat diet supplemented with fructose. Diet changes resulted in an 80% increase in truncal fat by 4 months. Hyperinsulinemia and decreased glucose utilization were observed from 4 to 18 months. At 24 months, pancreatic secretory function and the glucose utilization rate declined. CBV at rest and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test demonstrated a sustained increase from 4 to 18 months and then abruptly fell at 24 months. Nitric oxide bioavailability progressively decreased over 2 years. Conversely, endothelial-derived vasodilators progressively increased over 18 months and then abruptly decreased at 24 months in concert with the CBV. The increase in basal and glucose-mediated CBV early in IR may represent a compensatory response through endothelial-derived vasodilator pathways. The inability to sustain a vascular compensatory response limits glucose-mediated increases in CBV, which correlates with the severity of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Chadderdon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - J Todd Belcik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Lindsay Bader
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Dawn M Peters
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Horti AG, Wang Y, Minn I, Lan X, Wang J, Koehler RC, Alkayed NJ, Dannals RF, Pomper MG. 18F-FNDP for PET Imaging of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1817-1822. [PMID: 27417650 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.173245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme located within cytosol and peroxisomes that converts epoxides to the corresponding diols and hydrolyzes phosphate monoesters. It serves to inactivate epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are generated in the brain to couple neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow in normal and pathologic states. Altered regulation of sEH was observed previously in various neuropathologic disorders including vascular dementia and stroke. Inhibitors of sEH are pursued as agents to mitigate neuronal damage after stroke. We developed N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-6-18F-fluoronicotinamide (18F-FNDP), which proved highly specific for imaging of sEH in the mouse and nonhuman primate brain with PET. METHODS 18F-FNDP was synthesized from the corresponding bromo precursor. sEH inhibitory activity of 18F-FNDP was measured using an sEH inhibitor screening assay kit. Biodistribution was undertaken in CD-1 mice. Binding specificity was assayed in CD-1 and sEH knock-out mice and Papio anubis (baboon) through pretreatment with an sEH inhibitor to block sEH binding. Dynamic PET imaging with arterial blood sampling was performed in 3 baboons, with regional tracer binding quantified using distribution volume. The metabolism of 18F-FNDP in baboons was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS 18F-FNDP (inhibition binding affinity constant, 1.73 nM) was prepared in 1 step in a radiochemical yield of 14% ± 7%, specific radioactivity in the range of 888-3,774 GBq/μmol, and a radiochemical purity greater than 99% using an automatic radiosynthesis module. The time of preparation was about 75 min. In CD-1 mice, regional uptake followed the pattern of striatum > cortex > hippocampus > cerebellum, consistent with the known brain distribution of sEH, with 5.2% injected dose per gram of tissue at peak uptake. Blockade of 80%-90% was demonstrated in all brain regions. Minimal radiotracer uptake was present in sEH knock-out mice. PET baboon brain distribution paralleled that seen in mouse, with a marked blockade (95%) noted in all regions indicating sEH-mediated uptake of 18F-FNDP. Two hydrophilic metabolites were identified, with 20% parent compound present at 90 min after injection in baboon plasma. CONCLUSION 18F-FNDP can be synthesized in suitable radiochemical yield and high specific radioactivity and purity. In vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that 18F-FNDP targeted sEH in murine and nonhuman primate brain specifically. 18F-FNDP is a promising PET radiotracer likely to be useful for understanding the role of sEH in a variety of conditions affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horti
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zuloaga KL, Johnson LA, Roese NE, Marzulla T, Zhang W, Nie X, Alkayed FN, Hong C, Grafe MR, Pike MM, Raber J, Alkayed NJ. High fat diet-induced diabetes in mice exacerbates cognitive deficit due to chronic hypoperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1257-70. [PMID: 26661233 PMCID: PMC4929700 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15616400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk of vascular cognitive impairment. However, it is unknown whether diabetes causes cognitive impairment due to reductions in cerebral blood flow or through independent effects on neuronal function and cognition. We addressed this using right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion to model vascular cognitive impairment and long-term high-fat diet to model type 2 diabetes in mice. Cognition was assessed using novel object recognition task, Morris water maze, and contextual and cued fear conditioning. Cerebral blood flow was assessed using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Vascular cognitive impairment mice showed cognitive deficit in the novel object recognition task, decreased cerebral blood flow in the right hemisphere, and increased glial activation in white matter and hippocampus. Mice fed a high-fat diet displayed deficits in the novel object recognition task, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tasks and neuronal loss, but no impairments in cerebral blood flow. Compared to vascular cognitive impairment mice fed a low fat diet, vascular cognitive impairment mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited reduced cued fear memory, increased deficit in the Morris water maze, neuronal loss, glial activation, and global decrease in cerebral blood flow. We conclude that high-fat diet and chronic hypoperfusion impair cognitive function by different mechanisms, although they share commons features, and that high-fat diet exacerbates vascular cognitive impairment pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Natalie E Roese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Farah N Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christine Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA Department of Pathology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Resource Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, OR, USA Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Baran U, Zhu W, Choi WJ, Omori M, Zhang W, Alkayed NJ, Wang RK. Automated segmentation and enhancement of optical coherence tomography-acquired images of rodent brain. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 270:132-137. [PMID: 27328369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging method that has proven useful in various fields such as ophthalmology, dermatology and neuroscience. In ophthalmology, significant progress has been made in retinal layer segmentation and enhancement of OCT images. There are also segmentation algorithms to separate epidermal and dermal layers in OCT-acquired images of human skin. NEW METHOD We describe simple image processing methods that allow automatic segmentation and enhancement of OCT images of rodent brain. RESULTS We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for OCT-based microangiography (OMAG) and tissue injury mapping (TIM) of mouse cerebral cortex. The results show significant improvement in image contrast, delineation of tissue injury, allowing visualization of different layers of capillary beds. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Previously reported methods for other applications are yet to be used in neuroscience due to the complexity of tissue anatomy, unique physiology and technical challenges. CONCLUSIONS OCT is a promising tool that provides high resolution in vivo microvascular and structural images of rodent brain. By automatically segmenting and enhancing OCT images, structural and microvascular changes in mouse cerebral cortex after stroke can be monitored in vivo with high contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Baran
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, 185 Stevens Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Woo June Choi
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Omori
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, 185 Stevens Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wenri Zhang
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Abstract
The epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) neutralizing enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a neuronal enzyme, which has been localized in both the cytosol and peroxisomes. The molecular basis for its dual localization remains unclear as sEH contains a functional peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS). Recently, a missense polymorphism was identified in human sEH (R287Q) that enhances its peroxisomal localization. This same polymorphism has also been shown to generate weaker sEH homo-dimers. Taken together, these observations suggest that dimerization may mask the sEH PTS and prevent peroxisome translocation. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that dimerization is a key regulator of sEH subcellular localization. Specifically, we altered the dimerization state of sEH by introducing substitutions in amino acids responsible for the dimer-stabilizing salt-bridge. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) fusions of each of mutants were co-transfected into mouse primary cultured cortical neurons together with a PTS-linked red fluorescent protein to constitutively label peroxisomes. Labeled neurons were analyzed using confocal microscopy and co-localization of sEH with peroxisomes was quantified using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We find that dimer-competent sEH constructs preferentially localize to the cytosol, whereas constructs with weakened or disrupted dimerization were preferentially targeted to peroxisomes. We conclude that the sEH dimerization status is a key regulator of its peroxisomal localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
| | - Anjali J. Das
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
| | - Anthony P. Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
- Pape Family Research Center, Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
| | - Nabil J. Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239–3098, United States of America
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Jia J, Davis CM, Zhang W, Edin ML, Jouihan S, Jia T, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, DeGraff LM, Lee CR, Ronnekleiv O, Wang R, Xu Y, Zeldin DC, Alkayed NJ. Sex- and isoform-specific mechanism of neuroprotection by transgenic expression of P450 epoxygenase in vascular endothelium. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:75-85. [PMID: 26902473 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases (CYP) metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which exhibit vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions in experimental cerebral ischemia. We evaluated the effect of endothelial-specific CYP overexpression on cerebral blood flow, inflammatory cytokine expression and tissue infarction after focal cerebral ischemia in transgenic mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male and female wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing either human CYP2J2 or CYP2C8 epoxygenases in vascular endothelium under control of the Tie2 promoter (Tie2-CYP2J2 and Tie2-CYP2C8) were subjected to 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Microvascular cortical perfusion was monitored during vascular occlusion and reperfusion using laser-Doppler flowmetry and optical imaging. Infarct size and inflammatory cytokines were measured at 24h of reperfusion by TTC and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Infarct size was significantly reduced in both Tie2-CYP2J2 and Tie2-CYP2C8 transgenic male mice compared to corresponding WT male mice (n=10 per group, p<0.05). Tie2-CYP2J2, but not Tie2-CYP2C8 male mice maintained higher blood flow during MCAO; however, both Tie2-CYP2J2 and Tie2-CYP2C8 had lower inflammatory cytokine expression after ischemia compared to corresponding WT males (n=10 per group for CBF and n=3 for cytokines, p<0.05). In females, a reduction in infarct was observed in the caudate-putamen, but not in the cortex or hemisphere as a whole and no differences were observed in blood flow between female transgenic and WT mice (n=10 per group). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of CYP epoxygenases in vascular endothelial cells protects against experimental cerebral ischemia in male mice. The mechanism of protection is in part linked to enhanced blood flow and suppression of inflammation, and is both sex- and CYP isoform-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sari Jouihan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Taiping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joan P Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Craig R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oline Ronnekleiv
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Ruikang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, University of Nanjing School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Siler DA, Martini RP, Ward JP, Nelson JW, Borkar RN, Zuloaga KL, Liu JJ, Fairbanks SL, Raskin JS, Anderson VC, Dogan A, Wang RK, Alkayed NJ, Cetas JS. Protective role of p450 epoxyeicosanoids in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2016; 22:306-19. [PMID: 25231529 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-014-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients recovering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are at risk for developing delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Experimental and human studies implicate the vasoconstrictor P450 eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the pathogenesis of DCI. To date, no studies have evaluated the role of vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in DCI. METHODS Using mass spectrometry, we measured P450 eicosanoids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 SAH patients from 1 to 14 days after admission. CSF eicosanoid levels were compared in patients who experienced DCI versus those who did not. We then studied the effect of EETs in a model of SAH using mice lacking the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which catabolizes EETs into their inactive diol. To assess changes in vessel morphology and cortical perfusion in the mouse brain, we used optical microangiography, a non-invasive coherence-based imaging technique. RESULTS Along with increases in 20-HETE, we found that CSF levels of 14,15-EET were elevated in SAH patients compared to control CSF, and levels were significantly higher in patients who experienced DCI compared to those who did not. Mice lacking sEH had elevated 14,15-EET and were protected from the delayed decrease in microvascular cortical perfusion after SAH, compared to wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that P450 eicosanoids play an important role in the pathogenesis of DCI. While 20-HETE may contribute to the development of DCI, 14,15-EET may afford protection against DCI. Strategies to enhance 14,15-EET, including sEH inhibition, should be considered as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Siler
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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