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Wagner KM, Chatham AA, Prado K, Walsdorf AA, Villatoro AP, Garcia D, de Snyder NS, Valdez CR. Emotional wellbeing and coping among Latinx young adults in the time of COVID-19. J Community Psychol 2023; 51:1217-1232. [PMID: 36573877 PMCID: PMC9880755 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the wellbeing of the general US population, but even more so among Latinx young adults. The current study provides a detailed picture of the emotional wellbeing and coping of Latinx young adults during the first summer of the pandemic. Six virtual focus groups (n = 21) were conducted between May and August of 2020 with a community-based sample of Latinx young adults to explore (1) how the pandemic affected wellbeing and (2) how they coped with pandemic-related stress. Contextualistic thematic analysis identified important themes and subthemes. Perceived stressors impacting emotional wellbeing yielded one overarching theme: COVID-related disruptions in the participants' environment. To manage this heightened stress, another overarching theme was self-care and intentionality during the pandemic. Future studies should examine the wellbeing of young adults across social contexts and at more recent stages of the pandemic. Findings from this study suggest culturally- and developmentally-tailored interventions are needed as this population navigates contextual stress during a sensitive period in their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Wagner
- Department of Educational PsychologyThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical SchoolThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
| | - Ana A. Chatham
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical SchoolThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
- Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
| | - Kimberly Prado
- Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
| | - Ashley A. Walsdorf
- Couple and Family TherapyAlliant International UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- The Latino Research InstituteThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- The Latino Research InstituteThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
- Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMexico
| | - Carmen R. Valdez
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical SchoolThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
- Steve Hicks School of Social WorkThe University of TexasAustinTexasUSA
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Guerra G, Orozco E, Jiménez P, Ruckert A, Labonté R, Snyder NSD. Global health diplomacy in Mexico: insights from key actors in the field. Global Health 2021; 17:137. [PMID: 34857013 PMCID: PMC8637518 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global health diplomacy (GHD) focuses on the actions taken by diverse stakeholders from different nations -governments, multilateral agents, and civil society- to phenomena that can affect population health and its determinants beyond national borders. Although the literature on conceptual advancements of GHD exists, empirical studies about how health becomes an issue of relevance for foreign policy are scarce. We present an analysis of the entry processes of health into the foreign policy and diplomatic domains in Mexico from the perspective of key informants of three different sectors. METHODS A purposive sample of high-rank representatives of three sectors involved in GHD was designed: Two from Health Sector (HS), four from Foreign Affairs Sector (FAS), and three from Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted exploring the topics of: (1) Health concerns entering diplomatic and foreign policy; (2) Processes that allow actors to influence foreign policy and negotiation and; (3) Impact of multilateral negotiations on decision-making at the national level. RESULTS Our analysis suggests that GHD in Mexico is hierarchically driven by the FAS and health concerns only enter foreign policy when they are relevant to national priorities (such as trade or security). HS possesses a lesser degree of influence in GHD, serving as an instance of consultation for the FAS when deciding on health-related issues at global meetings (i.e., World Health Assembly). NGOs resort to lobbying, advocacy, networking, and coalition-working practices with other sectors (academy, think-tanks) to prevent harmful impacts on local health from multilateral decisions and as a mean to compensate its power asymmetry for influencing GHD processes in relation to the government. CONCLUSIONS GHD in Mexico occurs in a context of asymmetric power relationships where government actors have the strongest influence. However, NGOs' experience in raising awareness of health risks needs to be weighted by government decision-makers. This situation calls for capacity building on intersectoral communication and coordination to create formal mechanisms of GHD practices, including the professionalization and training on GHD among government agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Guerra
- Centre for Health Systems Research, Global Health Program, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Orozco
- Centre for Health Systems Research, Global Health Program, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulina Jiménez
- Centre for Health Systems Research, Global Health Program, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arne Ruckert
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ronald Labonté
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Centre for Health Systems Research, Global Health Program, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Garcia PJ, Alarcón A, Bayer A, Buss P, Guerra G, Ribeiro H, Rojas K, Saenz R, Salgado de Snyder N, Solimano G, Torres R, Tobar S, Tuesca R, Vargas G, Atun R. COVID-19 Response in Latin America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1765-1772. [PMID: 32940204 PMCID: PMC7646820 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective management of a pandemic due to a respiratory virus requires public health capacity for a coordinated response for mandatory restrictions, large-scale testing to identify infected individuals, capacity to isolate infected cases and track and test contacts, and health services for those infected who require hospitalization. Because of contextual and socioeconomic factors, it has been hard for Latin America to confront this epidemic. In this article, we discuss the context and the initial responses of eight selected Latin American countries, including similarities and differences in public health, economic, and fiscal measures, and provide reflections on what worked and what did not work and what to expect moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Garcia
- Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health.,School of Public Health, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
| | - Alex Alarcón
- School of Public Health "Dr. Salvador Allende G.", Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Angela Bayer
- School of Public Health, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
| | - Paulo Buss
- The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - German Guerra
- Global Health Program, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Karol Rojas
- School of Public Health, Costa Rica University, San Pedro, Costa Rica.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Rocío Saenz
- School of Public Health, Costa Rica University, San Pedro, Costa Rica.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Global Health Program, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Giorgio Solimano
- School of Public Health "Dr. Salvador Allende G.", Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Rubén Torres
- SALUD University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Sebastián Tobar
- Fiocruz Center of Global Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Rafael Tuesca
- Department of Public Health, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Gilma Vargas
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Alianza Latinoamericana de Salud Global (ALASAG), Latin American Alliance for Global Health
| | - Rifat Atun
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Salicrup LA, Cuervo LG, Cano Jiménez R, Salgado de Snyder N, Becerra F. Promoção da pesquisa em saúde através da governança da pesquisa. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019. [DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Salicrup LA, Cuervo LG, Cano Jiménez R, Salgado de Snyder N, Becerra F. Fomentar la investigación en la salud mediante la gobernanza de la investigación. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019. [DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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López-Carrillo L, González-González L, Piña-Pozas M, Mérida-Ortega Á, Gamboa-Loira B, Blanco-Muñoz J, Torres-Sánchez LE, Hurtado-Díaz M, Cortez-Lugo M, Guerra G, Salgado de Snyder N, Cebrian ME. State of Children Environmental Health Research in Latin America. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:204-211. [PMID: 30873771 PMCID: PMC6748241 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Promotion of biomedical research along with the development of evidence-based prevention policies have been suggested as an effective way to reduce environmental risks for children’s health in Latin America. However, there is little information on the current state of childhood environmental health research, which might help identify its strengths and limitations, as well as to design a strategy to improve the future of child environmental health research in the region. Objective: To describe the current state of environmental health research on children exposed to environmental pollutants in Latin America. Methodology: We performed a comprehensive search of published peer-reviewed environmental health articles (1994–2014), dealing with the exposure of Latin American children to chemical compounds. We described the type of studies and their research topics, and identified networks of co-authors. We also analyzed the relationship between research funding sources and the impact factor (IF) of the journal where research was published. Results: The average number of publications was about 20 per year. Mexico and Brazil produced almost 70% of the 409 identified papers. The most studied contaminant was lead, but research on this element has declined since 2005. Retrospective studies were the most frequent, and also showed a decreasing trend. Most studies did not assess health effects. Four groups of leading investigators and two collaboration models for scientific production were identified. Except for Mexico, there was very little collaboration with North American and European countries. Compared to articles that did not report financial support, those that received international funding had on average an IF around 7, and those with national funding reached a mean IF near 3. Conclusion: There is a limited number of publications and insufficient collaboration between Latin-American scientists. It is necessary to identify strategies to stimulate South-South-North alliances and strengthen the scarce research on the environmental health of children in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Germán Guerra
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernacava, Morelos, MX
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Abstract
Good governance practices are crucial for advancing research for health in LAC countries, argue Luis Alejandro Salicrup and colleagues
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alejandro Salicrup
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Luis Gabriel Cuervo
- Department of Health Systems and Services, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rodolfo Cano Jiménez
- Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Secretaría de Salud, México, Mexico
| | - Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores Nivel III, Programa de Salud Global/Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Guerra G, Gutiérrez-Calderón E, Salgado de Snyder N, Borja-Aburto VH, Martínez-Valle A, González-Block MÁ. Loss of job-related right to healthcare associated with employment turnover: challenges for the Mexican health system. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:457. [PMID: 29907099 PMCID: PMC6002975 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mexican health system segments access and right to healthcare according to worker position in the labour market. In this contribution we analyse how access and continuity of healthcare gets interrupted by employment turnover in the labour market, including its formal and informal sectors, as experienced by affiliates to the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) at national level, and of workers with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Mexico City. Methods Using data from the National Employment and Occupation Survey, 2014, and from IMSS electronic medical records for workers in Mexico City, we estimated annual employment turnover rates to measure the loss of healthcare access due to labour market dynamics. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to analyse the association between sociodemographic variables and employment turnover. Lastly we analysed job-related access to health care in relation to employment turnover events. Results At national level, 38.3% of IMSS affiliates experienced employment turnover at least once, thus losing the right to access to healthcare. The turnover rate for T2DM patients was 22.5%. Employment turnover was more frequent at ages 20–39 (38.6% national level; 28% T2DM) and among the elderly (62.4% national level; 26% T2DM). At the national level, higher educational levels (upper-middle, OR = 0.761; upper, OR = 0.835) and income (5 minimum wages or more, OR = 0.726) were associated with lower turnover. Being single and younger were associated with higher turnover (OR = 1.413). T2DM patients aged 40–59 (OR = 0.655) and with 5 minimum wages or more (OR = 0.401) experienced less turnover. Being a T2DM male patient increased the risk of experiencing turnover (OR = 1.166). Up to 89% of workers losing IMSS affiliation and moving on to other jobs failed to gain job-related access to health services. Only 9% gained access to the federal workers social security institute (ISSSTE). Conclusions Turnover across labour market sectors is frequently experienced by the workforce in Mexico, worsening among the elderly and the young, and affecting patients with chronic diseases. This situation needs to be prospectively addressed by health system policies that aim to expand the financial health protection during an employment turnover event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Guerra
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Health Systems Research, Av. Universidad 655. Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emilio Gutiérrez-Calderón
- Independent consultant, Barranca del Muerto 231. Col. San José Insurgentes, CP 03900, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Health Systems Research, Av. Universidad 655. Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Borja-Aburto
- Unidad de Atención Primaria a la Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hamburgo 18. Col. Juárez, Cuauhtémoc, CP 06600, Mexico City, Mexico
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de Snyder NS. Book Reviews. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/07399863820042009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Manrique-Espinoza B, Salinas-Rodríguez A, Salgado de Snyder N, Moreno-Tamayo K, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM, Avila-Funes JA. Frailty and Social Vulnerability in Mexican Deprived and Rural Settings. J Aging Health 2015; 28:740-52. [PMID: 26464372 DOI: 10.1177/0898264315609909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of frailty in a sample of rural elderly living in socially vulnerable circumstances as well as to determine its correlates. METHOD Cross-sectional study of 558 rural elderly participating in a prospective study conducted in Mexico. Frailty was defined using the Fried criteria. Ordinal logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates of frailty levels. RESULTS Prevalence of frailty was 8.6%. Disability in basic activities of daily living and illiteracy increase the probability of being pre-frail and/or frail (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72, p < .01; OR = 1.45, p = .05, respectively), while living in households with higher socioeconomic status reduces this probability (OR = 0.85, p < .01). DISCUSSION A high prevalence of frailty was found among these young elderly, who did not yet fully show adverse health events. Also the social vulnerability of rural elderly is associated with frailty status. These findings highlight the health needs of socially and economically vulnerable elderly population.
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Becerra-Posada F, de Snyder NS, Cuervo LG, Montorzi G. [Priority research agendas: a strategic resource for health in Latin America]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2014; 36:361-367. [PMID: 25711746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand and analyze procedures used to create national integrated research agendas from 2007 to 2011 in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Paraguay. METHODS Descriptive, cross-sectional study using an online survey of agenda preparation processes; specifically, development, integration, implementation, and use and dissemination of the agenda. RESULTS The 45 respondents reported following specific methodologies for agenda construction and had a good opinion of organizational aspects with regard to prior information provided and balance among disciplines and stakeholders. Some 60% considered the coordinators impartial, although 25% mentioned biases favoring some subject; 42% received technical support from consultants, reading matter, and methodological guidelines; 40% engaged in subject-matter priority-setting; and 55% confirmed dissemination and communication of the agenda. However, only 22% reported inclusion of agenda topics in national calls for research proposals. CONCLUSIONS In the countries studied, development of the health research agenda was characterized by prior planning and appropriate organization to achieve - consensus-based outcomes. Nevertheless, the agendas were not used in national calls for research proposals, reflecting lack of coordination in national health research systems and lack of connection between funders and researchers. It is recommended that stakeholders strengthen integration and advocacy efforts to modify processes and structures of agenda-based calls for research proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Gabriel Cuervo
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América
| | - Gabriela Montorzi
- Consejo de Investigación en Salud para el Desarrollo, Ginebra, Suiza
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Juárez-Ramírez C, Márquez-Serrano M, Salgado de Snyder N, Pelcastre-Villafuerte BE, Ruelas-González MG, Reyes-Morales H. [Health inequality among vulnerable groups in Mexico: older adults, indigenous people, and migrants]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2014; 35:284-290. [PMID: 24870008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Health vulnerability refers to a lack of protection for specific population groups with specific health problems, as well as the disadvantages they face in solving them in comparison with other population groups. This major public health problem has multiple and diverse causes, including a shortage of trained health care personnel and the lack of family, social, economic, and institutional support in obtaining care and minimizing health risks. Health vulnerability is a dynamic condition arising from the confluence of multiple social determinants. This article attempts to describe the health situation of three vulnerable groups in Mexico-older adults, indigenous people, and migrants-and, after defining the needs of each, explore measures that could contribute to the design and implementation of public health policies better tailored to their respective needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Juárez-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Cuernavaca, México,
| | - Margarita Márquez-Serrano
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Cuernavaca, México,
| | - Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Cuernavaca, México,
| | | | | | - Hortensia Reyes-Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Cuernavaca, México,
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Salgado de Snyder N, González-Vázquez T, Infante-Xibille C, Márquez-Serrano M, Pelcastre-Villafuerte B, Serván-Mori EE. [Health services in the Mixteca: use and conditions of affiliation in US-migrant and non-migrant households]. Salud Publica Mex 2011; 52:424-31. [PMID: 21031249 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342010000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households in the Mixteca Baja and analyze differences in affiliation with health care programs and utilization, among members of households with migrants (HogMig) and without migrants (HogNoMig) to the United States. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was used with heads of households in a representative sample from the Mixteca Baja of 702 homes with and without migrants to the US. RESULTS Members of HogMig had more personal and economic resources than those of HogNoMig; they also regularly received remittances. The majority of members of both HogMig and HogNoMig did not receive benefits from the Oportunidades program or health coverage through Seguro Popular, IMSS or ISSSTE. In general, while they used the local health clinic, they often preferred to pay for private practitioners. A small proportion of those covered by IMSS or ISSSTE reported very low utilization of the health services offered by those institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Salgado de Snyder
- Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Bojorquez I, Salgado de Snyder N, Casique I. International migration of partner, autonomy and depressive symptoms among women from a mexican rural area. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2009; 55:306-21. [PMID: 19553361 DOI: 10.1177/0020764008095117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emigration of Mexicans to the USA has increased in the last decades, and little is known about the effect of this on the mental health of those who stay behind. AIMS To evaluate the association of emigration of husband and depressive symptoms (DS) among women who stay in Mexico. We also tested the hypothesis that the husband's migration would increase the woman's autonomy, which in turn would decrease DS. METHODS A survey was conducted in a rural area in Mexico. Participants (n = 418) were selected through probabilistic sampling in three stages: localities, households and individuals. DS were evaluated using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. RESULTS Having a partner in the USA was associated with higher odds of scoring above the cut-off point in CES-D (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.92-7.43). Economic autonomy was also associated with DS (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04-2.02). CONCLUSION Migration of husband was associated with DS among women. The construct of autonomy and its operational definition should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ietza Bojorquez
- Dirección de Evaluación de Programas y Bioestadística, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, México.
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DiGirolamo AM, Salgado de Snyder N. Women as primary caregivers in Mexico: challenges to well-being. Salud pública Méx 2008; 50:516-22. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-36342008000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cervantes RC, Padilla AM, Salgado de Snyder N. The Hispanic Stress Inventory: A culturally relevant approach to psychosocial assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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