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Abbas A, Abdukahil SA, Abdulkadir NN, Abe R, Abel L, Absil L, Acharya S, Acker A, Adachi S, Adam E, Adrião D, Ageel SA, Ahmed S, Ain Q, Ainscough K, Aisa T, Ait Hssain A, Ait Tamlihat Y, Akimoto T, Akmal E, Al Qasim E, Alalqam R, Alam T, Al-dabbous T, Alegesan S, Alegre C, Alessi M, Alex B, Alexandre K, Al-Fares A, Alfoudri H, Ali I, Ali Shah N, Alidjnou KE, Aliudin J, Alkhafajee Q, Allavena C, Allou N, Altaf A, Alves J, Alves JM, Alves R, Amaral M, Amira N, Ammerlaan H, Ampaw P, Andini R, Andrejak C, Angheben A, Angoulvant F, Ansart S, Anthonidass S, Antonelli M, Antunes de Brito CA, Anwar KR, Apriyana A, Arabi Y, Aragao I, Arali R, Arancibia F, Araujo C, Arcadipane A, Archambault P, Arenz L, Arlet JB, Arnold-Day C, Aroca A, Arora L, Arora R, Artaud-Macari E, Aryal D, Asaki M, Asensio A, Ashley E, Ashraf M, Ashraf S, Asim M, Assie JB, Asyraf A, Atique A, Attanyake AMUL, Auchabie J, Aumaitre H, Auvet A, Azemar L, Azoulay C, Bach B, Bachelet D, Badr C, Baig N, Baillie JK, Baird JK, Bak E, Bakakos A, Bakar NA, Bal A, Balakrishnan M, Balan V, Bani-Sadr F, Barbalho R, Barbosa NY, Barclay WS, Barnett SU, Barnikel M, Barrasa H, Barrelet A, Barrigoto C, Bartoli M, Bartone C, Baruch J, Bashir M, Basmaci R, Basri MFH, Bastos D, Battaglini D, Bauer J, Bautista Rincon DF, Bazan Dow D, Bedossa A, Bee KH, Behilill S, Beishuizen A, Beljantsev A, Bellemare D, Beltrame A, Beltrão BA, Beluze M, Benech N, Benjiman LE, Benkerrou D, Bennett S, Bento L, Berdal JE, Bergeaud D, Bergin H, Bernal Sobrino JL, Bertoli G, Bertolino L, Bessis S, Betz A, Bevilcaqua S, Bezulier K, Bhatt A, Bhavsar K, Bianchi I, Bianco C, Bidin FN, Bikram Singh M, Bin Humaid F, Bin Kamarudin MN, Bissuel F, Biston P, Bitker L, Blanco-Schweizer P, Blier C, Bloos F, Blot M, Blumberg L, Boccia F, Bodenes L, Bogaarts A, Bogaert D, Boivin AH, Bolze PA, Bompart F, Bonfasius A, Borges D, Borie R, Bosse HM, Botelho-Nevers E, Bouadma L, Bouchaud O, Bouchez S, Bouhmani D, Bouhour D, Bouiller K, Bouillet L, Bouisse C, Boureau AS, Bourke J, Bouscambert M, Bousquet A, Bouziotis J, Boxma B, Boyer-Besseyre M, Boylan M, Bozza FA, Brack M, Braconnier A, Braga C, Brandenburger T, Brás Monteiro F, Brazzi L, Breen D, Breen P, Breen P, Brett S, Brickell K, Broadley T, Browne A, Browne S, Brozzi N, Brusse-Keizer M, Buchtele N, Buesaquillo C, Bugaeva P, Buisson M, Burhan E, Burrell A, Bustos IG, Butnaru D, Cabie A, Cabral S, Caceres E, Cadoz C, Callahan M, Calligy K, Calvache JA, Cam J, Campana V, Campbell P, Campisi J, Canepa C, Cantero M, Caraux-Paz P, Cárcel S, Cardellino CS, Cardoso F, Cardoso F, Cardoso N, Cardoso S, Carelli S, Carlier N, Carmoi T, Carney G, Carpenter C, Carqueja I, Carret MC, Carrier FM, Carroll I, Carson G, Carton E, Casanova ML, Cascão M, Casey S, Casimiro J, Cassandra B, Castañeda S, Castanheira N, Castor-Alexandre G, Castrillón H, Castro I, Catarino A, Catherine FX, Cattaneo P, Cavalin R, Cavalli GG, Cavayas A, Ceccato A, Cervantes-Gonzalez M, Chair A, Chakveatze C, Chan A, Chand M, Chantalat Auger C, Chapplain JM, Chas J, Chaudary M, Chávez Iñiguez JS, Chen A, Chen YS, Cheng MP, Cheret A, Chiarabini T, Chica J, Chidambaram SK, Chin-Tho L, Chirouze C, Chiumello D, Cho HJ, Cho SM, Cholley B, Chopin MC, Chow TS, Chow YP, Chua HJ, Chua J, Cidade JP, Cisneros Herreros JM, Citarella BW, Ciullo A, Clarke E, Clarke J, Claure Del Granado R, Clohisey S, Cobb JP, Coca N, Codan C, Cody C, Coelho A, Coles M, Colin G, Collins M, Colombo SM, Combs P, Connolly J, Connor M, Conrad A, Contreras S, Conway E, Cooke GS, Copland M, Cordel H, Corley A, Cormican S, Cornelis S, Cornet AD, Corpuz AJ, Cortegiani A, Corvaisier G, Costigan E, Couffignal C, Couffin-Cadiergues S, Courtois R, Cousse S, Cregan R, Crepy D'Orleans C, Croonen S, Crowl G, Crump J, Cruz C, Cruz Berm JL, Cruz Rojo J, Csete M, Cucino A, Cullen A, Cullen C, Cummings M, Curley G, Curlier E, Curran C, Custodio P, da Silva Filipe A, Da Silveira C, Dabaliz AA, Dagens A, Dahly D, Dalton H, Dalton J, Daly S, D'Amico F, Daneman N, Daniel C, Dankwa EA, Dantas J, D’Aragon F, de Boer M, de Loughry G, de Mendoza D, De Montmollin E, de Oliveira França RF, de Pinho Oliveira AI, De Rosa R, de Silva T, de Vries P, Deacon J, Dean D, Debard A, DeBenedictis B, Debray MP, DeCastro N, Dechert W, Deconninck L, Decours R, Defous E, Delacroix I, Delaveuve E, Delavigne K, Delfos NM, Deligiannis I, Dell'Amore A, Delmas C, Delobel P, Delsing C, Demonchy E, Denis E, Deplanque D, Depuydt P, Desai M, Descamps D, Desvallée M, Dewayanti S, Diallo A, Diamantis S, Dias A, Diaz P, Diaz R, Diaz Diaz JJ, Didier K, Diehl JL, Dieperink W, Dimet J, Dinot V, Diop F, Diouf A, Dishon Y, Dixit D, Djossou F, Docherty AB, Doherty H, Dondorp AM, Dong A, Donnelly CA, Donnelly M, Donohue C, Donohue S, Donohue Y, Doran C, Doran P, Dorival C, D'Ortenzio E, Douglas JJ, Douma R, Dournon N, Downer T, Downey J, Downing M, Drake T, Driscoll A, Dryden M, Duarte Fonseca C, Dubee V, Dubos F, Ducancelle A, Duculan T, Dudman S, Duggal A, Dunand P, Dunning J, 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C, Fritz R, Fry S, Fuentes N, Fukuda M, Gaborieau V, Gaci R, Gagliardi M, Gagnard JC, Gagné N, Gagneux-Brunon A, Gaião S, Gail Skeie L, Gallagher P, Gallego Curto E, Gamble C, Gani Y, Garan A, Garcia R, García Barrio N, Garcia-Diaz J, Garcia-Gallo E, Garimella N, Garot D, Garrait V, Gauli B, Gault N, Gavin A, Gavrylov A, Gaymard A, Gebauer J, Geraud E, Gerbaud Morlaes L, Germano N, ghisulal PK, Ghosn J, Giani M, Giaquinto C, Gibson J, Gigante T, Gilg M, Gilroy E, Giordano G, Girvan M, Gissot V, Gitahi J, Giwangkancana G, Glikman D, Glybochko P, Gnall E, Goco G, Goehringer F, Goepel S, Goffard JC, Goh JY, Golob J, Gomes R, Gomez K, Gómez-Junyent J, Gominet M, Gonzalez A, Gordon P, Gordon A, Gorenne I, Goubert L, Goujard C, Goulenok T, Grable M, Graf J, Grandin EW, Granier P, Grasselli G, Grazioli L, Green CA, Greene C, Greenhalf W, Greffe S, Grieco DL, Griffee M, Griffiths F, Grigoras I, Groenendijk A, Grosse Lordemann A, Gruner H, Gu Y, Guarracino F, Guedj J, Guego M, Guellec D, 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D, Treoux T, Trieu HT, Tripathy S, Tromeur C, Trontzas I, Trouillon T, Truong J, Tual C, Tubiana S, Tuite H, Turmel JM, Turtle LC, Tveita A, Twardowski P, Uchiyama M, Udayanga PGI, Udy A, Ullrich R, Umer Z, Uribe A, Usman A, Vajdovics C, Val-Flores L, Valle AL, Valran A, Van de Velde S, van den Berge M, van der Feltz M, van der Valk P, Van Der Vekens N, Van der Voort P, Van Der Werf S, van Dyk M, van Gulik L, Van Hattem J, van Lelyveld S, van Netten C, Van Twillert G, van Veen I, Vanel N, Vanoverschelde H, Varghese P, Varrone M, Vasudayan SR, Vauchy C, Vaughan H, Veeran S, Veislinger A, Vencken S, Ventura S, Verbon A, Vidal JE, Vieira C, Vijayan D, Villanueva JA, Villar J, Villeneuve PM, Villoldo A, Vinh Chau NV, Visseaux B, Visser H, Vitiello C, Vonkeman H, Vuotto F, Wahab NH, Wahab SA, Wahid NA, Wainstein M, Wan Muhd Shukeri WF, Wang CH, Webb SA, Wei J, Weil K, Wen TP, Wesselius S, West TE, Wham M, Whelan B, White N, Wicky PH, Wiedemann A, Wijaya SO, Wille K, Willems S, Williams V, Wils EJ, Wing Yiu N, Wong C, Wong TF, Wong XC, Wong YS, Xian GE, Xian LS, Xuan KP, Xynogalas I, Yacoub S, Yakop SRBM, Yamazaki M, Yazdanpanah Y, Yee Liang Hing N, Yelnik C, Yeoh CH, Yerkovich S, Yokoyama T, Yonis H, Yousif O, Yuliarto S, Zaaqoq A, Zabbe M, Zacharowski K, Zahid M, Zahran M, Zaidan NZB, Zambon M, Zambrano M, Zanella A, Zawadka K, Zaynah N, Zayyad H, Zoufaly A, Zucman D. The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:1623-1624. [PMID: 34619109 PMCID: PMC8489876 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shankar-Hari M, Vale CL, Godolphin PJ, Fisher D, Higgins JPT, Spiga F, Savovic J, Tierney J, Baron G, Benbenishty JS, Berry LR, Broman N, Cavalcanti AB, Colman R, De Buyser SL, Derde LPG, Domingo P, Omar SF, Fernandez-Cruz A, Feuth T, Garcia F, Garcia-Vicuna R, Gonzalez-Alvaro I, Gordon AC, Haynes R, Hermine O, Horby PW, Horick NK, Kumar K, Lambrecht BN, Landray MJ, Leal L, Lederer DJ, Lorenzi E, Mariette X, Merchante N, Misnan NA, Mohan SV, Nivens MC, Oksi J, Perez-Molina JA, Pizov R, Porcher R, Postma S, Rajasuriar R, Ramanan AV, Ravaud P, Reid PD, Rutgers A, Sancho-Lopez A, Seto TB, Sivapalasingam S, Soin AS, Staplin N, Stone JH, Strohbehn GW, Sunden-Cullberg J, Torre-Cisneros J, Tsai LW, van Hoogstraten H, van Meerten T, Veiga VC, Westerweel PE, Murthy S, Diaz JV, Marshall JC, Sterne JAC. Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA 2021; 326:499-518. [PMID: 34228774 PMCID: PMC8261689 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Importance Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IL-6 antagonists in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have variously reported benefit, no effect, and harm. Objective To estimate the association between administration of IL-6 antagonists compared with usual care or placebo and 28-day all-cause mortality and other outcomes. Data Sources Trials were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases between October 2020 and January 2021. Searches were not restricted by trial status or language. Additional trials were identified through contact with experts. Study Selection Eligible trials randomly assigned patients hospitalized for COVID-19 to a group in whom IL-6 antagonists were administered and to a group in whom neither IL-6 antagonists nor any other immunomodulators except corticosteroids were administered. Among 72 potentially eligible trials, 27 (37.5%) met study selection criteria. Data Extraction and Synthesis In this prospective meta-analysis, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Inconsistency among trial results was assessed using the I2 statistic. The primary analysis was an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs) for 28-day all-cause mortality. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 28 days after randomization. There were 9 secondary outcomes including progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death and risk of secondary infection by 28 days. Results A total of 10 930 patients (median age, 61 years [range of medians, 52-68 years]; 3560 [33%] were women) participating in 27 trials were included. By 28 days, there were 1407 deaths among 6449 patients randomized to IL-6 antagonists and 1158 deaths among 4481 patients randomized to usual care or placebo (summary OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.95]; P = .003 based on a fixed-effects meta-analysis). This corresponds to an absolute mortality risk of 22% for IL-6 antagonists compared with an assumed mortality risk of 25% for usual care or placebo. The corresponding summary ORs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92; P < .001) for tocilizumab and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.86-1.36; P = .52) for sarilumab. The summary ORs for the association with mortality compared with usual care or placebo in those receiving corticosteroids were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.87) for tocilizumab and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.61-1.38) for sarilumab. The ORs for the association with progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death, compared with usual care or placebo, were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.70-0.85) for all IL-6 antagonists, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.82) for tocilizumab, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.74-1.34) for sarilumab. Secondary infections by 28 days occurred in 21.9% of patients treated with IL-6 antagonists vs 17.6% of patients treated with usual care or placebo (OR accounting for trial sample sizes, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.16). Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective meta-analysis of clinical trials of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, administration of IL-6 antagonists, compared with usual care or placebo, was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021230155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Shankar-Hari
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, ICU Support Offices, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, England
| | - Claire L Vale
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, England
| | - Peter J Godolphin
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, England
| | - David Fisher
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, England
| | - Julian P T Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, England
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England
| | | | - Jelena Savovic
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England
| | - Jayne Tierney
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, England
| | - Gabriel Baron
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS-1153, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique Université de Paris, METHODS Team, Paris, France
| | - Julie S Benbenishty
- Department of Nursing, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Niklas Broman
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Roos Colman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lennie P G Derde
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pere Domingo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Fernandez-Cruz
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thijs Feuth
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Anthony C Gordon
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Richard Haynes
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, INSERM U1153, Paris, France
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- Pandemic Sciences Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Nora K Horick
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Medanta-The Medicity, Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Gurugram, India
- Research Department, Medanta Institute of Education and Research, Gurugram, India
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin J Landray
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Lorna Leal
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Centre for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Merchante
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Valme University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jarmo Oksi
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku, Finland
| | - Jose A Perez-Molina
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal IRYCIS, Infectious Diseases Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reuven Pizov
- Department of Anesthesilogy Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Porcher
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS-1153, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique Université de Paris, METHODS Team, Paris, France
- University de Paris, CRESS UMR1153, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Simone Postma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS-1153, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique Université de Paris, METHODS Team, Paris, France
- University de Paris, CRESS UMR1153, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Pankti D Reid
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aranzazu Sancho-Lopez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Todd B Seto
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | - Arvinder Singh Soin
- Medanta-The Medicity, Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Gurugram, India
| | - Natalie Staplin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - John H Stone
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Garth W Strohbehn
- VA Ann Arbor, Center for Clinical Management and Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonas Sunden-Cullberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Torre-Cisneros
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter E Westerweel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet V Diaz
- Clinical Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John C Marshall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan A C Sterne
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, England
- Health Data Research UK South-West, Bristol, England
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