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Lang PT, Ploeckl B, Fischer R, Griener M, Kircher M, Kudlacek O, Phillips G, Sieglin B, Yamamoto S, Treutterer W, Team AUG. Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source Systems. Fusion Science and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2021.1940034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Lang
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B. Ploeckl
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R. Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Griener
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Kircher
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O. Kudlacek
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G. Phillips
- Fusion for Energy-F4E, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B. Sieglin
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S. Yamamoto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Technology, Naka Fusion Institute, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan 311-0193
| | - W. Treutterer
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Sieglin B, Maraschek M, Kudlacek O, Gude A, Treutterer W, Kölbl M, Lenz A. Rapid prototyping of advanced control schemes in ASDEX Upgrade. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Marchiori G, Finotti C, Kudlacek O, Villone F, Zanca P, Abate D, Cavazzana R, Jackson G, Luce T, Marrelli L. Design and operation of the RFX-mod plasma shape control system. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Janky F, Havlicek J, Batista A, Kudlacek O, Seidl J, Neto A, Pipek J, Hron M, Mikulin O, Duarte A, Carvalho B, Stockel J, Panek R. Upgrade of the COMPASS tokamak real-time control system. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ferby I, Reschke M, Kudlacek O, Knyazev P, Pantè G, Amann K, Sommergruber W, Kraut N, Ullrich A, Fässler R, Klein R. Erratum: Mig6 is a negative regulator of EGF receptor–mediated skin morphogenesis and tumor formation. Nat Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/nm0706-862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hilber K, Sandtner W, Kudlacek O, Glaaser IW, Weisz E, Kyle JW, French RJ, Fozzard HA, Dudley SC, Todt H. The selectivity filter of the voltage-gated sodium channel is involved in channel activation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:27831-9. [PMID: 11382756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101933200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids located in the outer vestibule of the voltage-gated Na+ channel determine the permeation properties of the channel. Recently, residues lining the outer pore have also been implicated in channel gating. The domain (D) IV P-loop residue alanine 1529 forms a part of the putative selectivity filter of the adult rat skeletal muscle (mu1) Na+ channel. Here we report that replacement of alanine 1529 by aspartic acid enhances entry to an ultra-slow inactivated state. Ultra-slow inactivation is characterized by recovery time constants on the order of approximately 100 s from prolonged depolarizations and by the fact that entry to this state can be reduced by binding to the pore of a mutant mu-conotoxin GIIIA, suggesting that ultra-slow inactivation may reflect a structural rearrangement of the outer vestibule. The voltage dependence of ultra-slow inactivation in DIV-A1529D is U-shaped, with a local maximum near -60 mV, whereas activation is maximal only above -20 mV. Furthermore, a train of brief depolarizations produces more ultra-slow inactivation than a single maintained depolarization of the same duration. These data suggest that ultra-slow inactivation emanates from "partially activated" closed states and that the P-loop in DIV may undergo a conformational change during channel activation, which is accentuated by DIV-A1529D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hilber
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Schmid JA, Scholze P, Kudlacek O, Freissmuth M, Singer EA, Sitte HH. Oligomerization of the human serotonin transporter and of the rat GABA transporter 1 visualized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy in living cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:3805-10. [PMID: 11071889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007357200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent biochemical studies indicate that the serotonin transporter can form oligomers. We investigated whether the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) can be visualized as an oligomer in the plasma membrane of intact cells. For this purpose, we generated fusion proteins of hSERT and spectral variants of the green fluorescent protein (cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins, CFP and YFP, respectively). When expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, the resulting fusion proteins (CFP-hSERT and YFP-hSERT) were efficiently inserted into the plasma membrane and were functionally indistinguishable from wild-type hSERT. Oligomers were visualized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy in living cells using two complementary methods, i.e. ratio imaging and donor photobleaching. Interestingly, oligomerization was not confined to hSERT; fluorescence resonance energy transfer was also observed between CFP- and YFP-labeled rat gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter. The bulk of serotonin transporters was recovered as high molecular weight complexes upon gel filtration in detergent solution. In contrast, the monomers of CFP-hSERT and YFP-hSERT were essentially undetectable. This indicates that the homo-oligomeric form is the favored state of hSERT in living cells, which is not significantly affected by coincubation with transporter substrates or blockers. Based on our observations, we conclude that constitutive oligomer formation might be a general property of Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent neurotransmitter transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schmid
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Vienna Medical School, Währingerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kudlacek O, Mitterauer T, Nanoff C, Hohenegger M, Tang WJ, Freissmuth M, Kleuss C. Inhibition of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase isoforms by the antiviral drug foscarnet. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:3010-6. [PMID: 11050094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007910200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrophosphate (PP(i)) analog foscarnet inhibits viral DNA-polymerases and is used to treat cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency vius infections. Nucleotide cyclases and DNA-polymerases catalyze analogous reactions, i.e. a phosphodiester bond formation, and have similar topologies in their active sites. Inhibition by foscarnet of adenylyl cyclase isoforms was therefore tested with (i) purified catalytic domains C1 and C2 of types I and VII (IC1 and VIIC1) and of type II (IIC2) and (ii) membrane-bound holoenzymes (from mammalian tissues and types I, II, and V heterologously expressed in Sf9 cell membranes). Foscarnet was more potent than PP(i) in suppressing forskolin-stimulated catalysis by both, IC1/IIC2 and VIIC1/IIC2. Stimulation of VIIC1/IIC2 by Galpha(s) relieved the inhibition by foscarnet but not that by PP(i). The IC(50) of foscarnet on membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases also depended on their mode of regulation. These findings predict that receptor-dependent cAMP formation is sensitive to inhibition by foscarnet in some, but not all, cells. This was verified with two cell lines; foscarnet blocked cAMP accumulation after A(2A)-adenosine receptor stimulation in PC12 but not in HEK-A(2A) cells. Foscarnet also inhibited soluble and, to a lesser extent, particulate guanylyl cylase. Thus, foscarnet interferes with the generation of cyclic nucleotides, an effect which may give rise to clinical side effects. The extent of inhibition varies with the enzyme isoform and with the regulatory input.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kudlacek
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Bofill-Cardona E, Kudlacek O, Yang Q, Ahorn H, Freissmuth M, Nanoff C. Binding of calmodulin to the D2-dopamine receptor reduces receptor signaling by arresting the G protein activation switch. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:32672-80. [PMID: 10926927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002780200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by D(2)-dopamine receptors in neurons likely proceeds in the presence of Ca(2+) oscillations. We describe here the biochemical basis for a cross-talk between intracellular Ca(2+) and the D(2) receptor. By activation of calmodulin (CaM), Ca(2+) directly inhibits the D(2) receptor; this conclusion is based on the following observations: (i) The receptor contains a CaM-binding motif in the NH(2)-terminal end of the third loop, a domain involved in activating G(i/o). A peptide fragment encompassing this domain (D2N) bound dansylated CaM in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner (K(D) approximately 0.1 micrometer). (ii) Activation of purified Galpha(i1) by D2N, and D(2) receptor-promoted GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate) binding in membranes was suppressed by Ca(2+)/CaM (IC(50) approximately 0.1 micrometer). (iii) If Ca(2+) influx was elicited in D(2) receptor-expressing HEK293 cells, agonist-dependent inhibition of cAMP formation decreased. This effect was not seen with other G(i)-coupled receptors (A(1)-adenosine and Mel(1A)-melatonin receptor). (iv) The D(2) receptor was retained by immobilized CaM and radiolabeled CaM was co-immunoprecipitated with the receptor. Specifically, inhibition by CaM does not result from uncoupling the D(2) receptor from its cognate G protein(s); rather, CaM directly targets the D(2) receptor to block the receptor-operated G protein activation switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bofill-Cardona
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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