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Vanasse TJ, Fox PT, Fox PM, Cauda F, Costa T, Smith SM, Eickhoff SB, Lancaster JL. Brain pathology recapitulates physiology: A network meta-analysis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:301. [PMID: 33686216 PMCID: PMC7940476 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Network architecture is a brain-organizational motif present across spatial scales from cell assemblies to distributed systems. Structural pathology in some neurodegenerative disorders selectively afflicts a subset of functional networks, motivating the network degeneration hypothesis (NDH). Recent evidence suggests that structural pathology recapitulating physiology may be a general property of neuropsychiatric disorders. To test this possibility, we compared functional and structural network meta-analyses drawing upon the BrainMap database. The functional meta-analysis included results from >7,000 experiments of subjects performing >100 task paradigms; the structural meta-analysis included >2,000 experiments of patients with >40 brain disorders. Structure-function network concordance was high: 68% of networks matched (pFWE < 0.01), confirming the broader scope of NDH. This correspondence persisted across higher model orders. A positive linear association between disease and behavioral entropy (p = 0.0006;R2 = 0.53) suggests nodal stress as a common mechanism. Corroborating this interpretation with independent data, we show that metabolic 'cost' significantly differs along this transdiagnostic/multimodal gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Vanasse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Franco Cauda
- FocusLab and GCS-fMRI, University of Turin and Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- FocusLab and GCS-fMRI, University of Turin and Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jack L Lancaster
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Chiang FL, Wang Q, Yu FF, Romero RS, Huang SY, Fox PM, Tantiwongkosi B, Fox PT. Localised grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis is network-based: a coordinate-based meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:816.e19-816.e28. [PMID: 31421864 PMCID: PMC6757337 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the network degeneration hypothesis in multiple sclerosis (MS) with a two-stage coordinate-based meta-analysis by: (1) characterising regional selectivity of grey matter (GM) atrophy and (2) testing for functional connectivity involving these regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Meta-analytic sources included 33 journal articles (1,666 MS patients and 1,269 healthy controls) with coordinate-based results from voxel-based morphometry analysis demonstrating GM atrophy. Mass univariate and multivariate coordinate-based meta-analyses were performed to identify a convergent pattern of GM atrophy and determine inter-regional co-activation (as a surrogate of functional connectivity), with anatomical likelihood estimation and functional meta-analytic connectivity modelling, respectively. RESULTS Localised GM atrophy was demonstrated in the thalamus, putamen, caudate, sensorimotor cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. This convergent pattern of atrophy displayed significant inter-regional functional co-activations. CONCLUSION In MS, GM atrophy was regionally selective, and these regions were functionally connected. The meta-analytic model-based results of this study are intended to guide future development of quantitative neuroimaging markers for diagnosis, evaluating disease progression, and monitoring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Chiang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - F F Yu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R S Romero
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S Y Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P M Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B Tantiwongkosi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P T Fox
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Rosen AC, Bhat J, Soman S, Laird AR, Stephens J, Eickhoff SB, Fox PM, Long BY, Dinishak D, Ortega M, Lane B, Wintermark M, Hitchner E, Zhou W. P4-220: EVALUATION OF RESERVE AND RESILIENCE IN THE OLDER SURGICAL PATIENT. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson C. Rosen
- VA Medical Center-Palo Alto; Palo Alto CA USA
- Stanford University; School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | - Angela R. Laird
- The Neuroinformatics and Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Physics; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
| | | | | | - P. Mickle Fox
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | | | | | | | - Barton Lane
- Stanford University; School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Max Wintermark
- Stanford University; School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | | | - Wei Zhou
- University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
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Vanasse TJ, Fox PM, Barron DS, Robertson M, Eickhoff SB, Lancaster JL, Fox PT. Cover Image. Hum Brain Mapp 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vanasse TJ, Fox PM, Barron DS, Robertson M, Eickhoff SB, Lancaster JL, Fox PT. BrainMap VBM: An environment for structural meta-analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3308-3325. [PMID: 29717540 PMCID: PMC6866579 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The BrainMap database is a community resource that curates peer-reviewed, coordinate-based human neuroimaging literature. By pairing the results of neuroimaging studies with their relevant meta-data, BrainMap facilitates coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) of the neuroimaging literature en masse or at the level of experimental paradigm, clinical disease, or anatomic location. Initially dedicated to the functional, task-activation literature, BrainMap is now expanding to include voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in a separate sector, titled: BrainMap VBM. VBM is a whole-brain, voxel-wise method that measures significant structural differences between or within groups which are reported as standardized, peak x-y-z coordinates. Here we describe BrainMap VBM, including the meta-data structure, current data volume, and automated reverse inference functions (region-to-disease profile) of this new community resource. CBMA offers a robust methodology for retaining true-positive and excluding false-positive findings across studies in the VBM literature. As with BrainMap's functional database, BrainMap VBM may be synthesized en masse or at the level of clinical disease or anatomic location. As a use-case scenario for BrainMap VBM, we illustrate a trans-diagnostic data-mining procedure wherein we explore the underlying network structure of 2,002 experiments representing over 53,000 subjects through independent components analysis (ICA). To reduce data-redundancy effects inherent to any database, we demonstrate two data-filtering approaches that proved helpful to ICA. Finally, we apply hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to measure network- and disease-specificity. This procedure distinguished psychiatric from neurological diseases. We invite the neuroscientific community to further exploit BrainMap VBM with other modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Vanasse
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - P. Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Daniel S. Barron
- Department of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Michaela Robertson
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7)Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jack L. Lancaster
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexas
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen ChinaPeople's Republic of China
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Rosen AC, Soman S, Bhat J, Laird AR, Stephens J, Eickhoff SB, Fox PM, Long B, Dinishak D, Ortega M, Lane B, Wintermark M, Hitchner E, Zhou W. Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions (CAML): An approach to mapping of diffuse lesions from carotid revascularization. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:553-559. [PMID: 29868451 PMCID: PMC5984594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carotid revascularization (endarterectomy, stenting) prevents stroke; however, procedure-related embolization is common and results in small brain lesions easily identified by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). A crucial barrier to understanding the clinical significance of these lesions has been the lack of a statistical approach to identify vulnerable brain areas. The problem is that the lesions are small, numerous, and non-overlapping. Here we address this problem with a new method, the Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions (CAML) technique, an extension of the Anatomic Likelihood Analysis (ALE). The method combines manual lesion tracing, constraints based on known lesion patterns, and convergence analysis to represent regions vulnerable to lesions as probabilistic brain atlases. Two studies were conducted over the course of 12 years in an active, vascular surgery clinic. An analysis in an initial group of 126 patients at 1.5 T MRI was cross-validated in a second group of 80 patients at 3T MRI. In CAML, lesions were manually defined and center points identified. Brains were aligned according to side of surgery since this factor powerfully determines lesion distribution. A convergence based analysis, was performed on each of these groups. Results indicated the most consistent region of vulnerability was in motor and premotor cortex regions. Smaller regions common to both groups included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial parietal regions. Vulnerability of motor cortex is consistent with previous work showing changes in hand dexterity associated with these procedures. The consistency of CAML also demonstrates the feasibility of this new approach to characterize small, diffuse, non-overlapping lesions in patients with multifocal pathologies. Convergence Analysis of Micro-Lesions technique finds patterns in diffuse lesions. Lesions from carotid revascularization affect consistent brain targets. Motor cortex is the most vulnerable brain region to these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson C Rosen
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Salil Soman
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA 00215, United States
| | - Jyoti Bhat
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, School of Integrated Science and Humanity, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Jeffrey Stephens
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Becky Long
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, TX 79905, United States
| | - David Dinishak
- Palo Alto University, Redwood City, CA 94063, United States
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Barton Lane
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Max Wintermark
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hitchner
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Department of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Surgery, Tucson, AZ 85724-5066, United States
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7
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Kotkowski E, Price LR, Mickle Fox P, Vanasse TJ, Fox PT. The hippocampal network model: A transdiagnostic metaconnectomic approach. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:115-129. [PMID: 29387529 PMCID: PMC5789756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The hippocampus plays a central role in cognitive and affective processes and is commonly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to identify and describe a hippocampal network model (HNM) using trans-diagnostic MRI data from the BrainMap® database. We used meta-analysis to test the network degeneration hypothesis (NDH) (Seeley et al., 2009) by identifying structural and functional covariance in this hippocampal network. Methods To generate our network model, we used BrainMap's VBM database to perform a region-to-whole-brain (RtWB) meta-analysis of 269 VBM experiments from 165 published studies across a range of 38 psychiatric and neurological diseases reporting hippocampal gray matter density alterations. This step identified 11 significant gray matter foci, or nodes. We subsequently used meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) to define edges of structural covariance between nodes from VBM data as well as functional covariance using the functional task-activation database, also from BrainMap. Finally, we applied a correlation analysis using Pearson's r to assess the similarities and differences between the structural and functional covariance models. Key findings Our hippocampal RtWB meta-analysis reported consistent and significant structural covariance in 11 key regions. The subsequent structural and functional MACMs showed a strong correlation between HNM nodes with a significant structural-functional covariance correlation of r = .377 (p = .000049). Significance This novel method of studying network covariance using VBM and functional meta-analytic techniques allows for the identification of generalizable patterns of functional and structural abnormalities pertaining to the hippocampus. In accordance with the NDH, this framework could have major implications in studying and predicting spatial disease patterns using network-based assays. We derived regions that structurally co-vary with the hippocampus in a network model using a transdiagnostic meta-analytic approach. We used meta-analytic connectivity mapping to assess inter-regional connectivity from BrainMap's structural and functional databases. We tested the network degeneration hypothesis by identifying network correlations between structural and functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithan Kotkowski
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Larry R Price
- Department of Mathematics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA; College of Education, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Vanasse
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Institute for Neuroscience & Neurotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzen, China
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8
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Eickhoff SB, Laird AR, Fox PM, Lancaster JL, Fox PT. Implementation errors in the GingerALE Software: Description and recommendations. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:7-11. [PMID: 27511454 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience imaging is a burgeoning, highly sophisticated field the growth of which has been fostered by grant-funded, freely distributed software libraries that perform voxel-wise analyses in anatomically standardized three-dimensional space on multi-subject, whole-brain, primary datasets. Despite the ongoing advances made using these non-commercial computational tools, the replicability of individual studies is an acknowledged limitation. Coordinate-based meta-analysis offers a practical solution to this limitation and, consequently, plays an important role in filtering and consolidating the enormous corpus of functional and structural neuroimaging results reported in the peer-reviewed literature. In both primary data and meta-analytic neuroimaging analyses, correction for multiple comparisons is a complex but critical step for ensuring statistical rigor. Reports of errors in multiple-comparison corrections in primary-data analyses have recently appeared. Here, we report two such errors in GingerALE, a widely used, US National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded, freely distributed software package for coordinate-based meta-analysis. These errors have given rise to published reports with more liberal statistical inferences than were specified by the authors. The intent of this technical report is threefold. First, we inform authors who used GingerALE of these errors so that they can take appropriate actions including re-analyses and corrective publications. Second, we seek to exemplify and promote an open approach to error management. Third, we discuss the implications of these and similar errors in a scientific environment dependent on third-party software. Hum Brain Mapp 38:7-11, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jack L Lancaster
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Florida
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Florida.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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Riedel MC, Ray KL, Dick AS, Sutherland MT, Hernandez Z, Fox PM, Eickhoff SB, Fox PT, Laird AR. Meta-analytic connectivity and behavioral parcellation of the human cerebellum. Neuroimage 2015; 117:327-42. [PMID: 25998956 PMCID: PMC4512917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum historically has been thought to mediate motor and sensory signals between the body and cerebral cortex, yet cerebellar lesions are also associated with altered cognitive behavioral performance. Neuroimaging evidence indicates that the cerebellum contributes to a wide range of cognitive, perceptual, and motor functions. Here, we used the BrainMap database to investigate whole-brainco-activation patterns between cerebellar structures and regions of the cerebral cortex, as well as associations with behavioral tasks. Hierarchical clustering was performed to meta-analytically identify cerebellar structures with similar cortical co-activation, and independently, with similar correlations to specific behavioral tasks. Strong correspondences were observed in these separate but parallel analyses of meta-analytic connectivity and behavioral metadata. We recovered differential zones of cerebellar co-activation that are reflected across the literature. Furthermore, the behaviors and tasks associated with the different cerebellar zones provide insight into the specialized function of the cerebellum, relating to high-order cognition, emotion, perception, interoception, and action. Taken together, these task-basedmeta-analytic results implicate distinct zones of the cerebellum as critically involved in the monitoring and mediation of psychological responses to internal and external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Riedel
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly L Ray
- Imaging Research Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anthony S Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Zachary Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Laird AR, Riedel MC, Sutherland MT, Eickhoff SB, Ray KL, Uecker AM, Fox PM, Turner JA, Fox PT. Neural architecture underlying classification of face perception paradigms. Neuroimage 2015; 119:70-80. [PMID: 26093327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel strategy for deriving a classification system of functional neuroimaging paradigms that relies on hierarchical clustering of experiments archived in the BrainMap database. The goal of our proof-of-concept application was to examine the underlying neural architecture of the face perception literature from a meta-analytic perspective, as these studies include a wide range of tasks. Task-based results exhibiting similar activation patterns were grouped as similar, while tasks activating different brain networks were classified as functionally distinct. We identified four sub-classes of face tasks: (1) Visuospatial Attention and Visuomotor Coordination to Faces, (2) Perception and Recognition of Faces, (3) Social Processing and Episodic Recall of Faces, and (4) Face Naming and Lexical Retrieval. Interpretation of these sub-classes supports an extension of a well-known model of face perception to include a core system for visual analysis and extended systems for personal information, emotion, and salience processing. Overall, these results demonstrate that a large-scale data mining approach can inform the evolution of theoretical cognitive models by probing the range of behavioral manipulations across experimental tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kimberly L Ray
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Uecker
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Fox PM, Suarez P, Hentz VR, Curtin CM. Access to surgical upper extremity care for people with tetraplegia: an international perspective. Spinal Cord 2015; 53:302-5. [PMID: 25687516 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Survey. OBJECTIVES To determine whether upper extremity reconstruction in patients with tetraplegia is underutilized internationally and, if so, what are the barriers to care. SETTING International-attendees of a meeting in Paris, France. METHODS One hundred and seventy attendees at the Tetrahand meeting in Paris in 2010 were sent a 13-question survey to determine the access and utilization of upper limb reconstruction in tetraplegic patients in their practice. RESULTS Respondents ranged the globe including North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Fifty-nine percent of respondents had been practicing for more than 10 years. Sixty-four percent of respondents felt that at least 25% of people with tetraplegia would be candidates for surgery. Yet the majority of respondents found that <15% of potential patients underwent upper extremity reconstruction. Throughout the world direct patient referral was the main avenue of surgeons meeting patients with peer networking a distant second. Designated as the top three barriers to this care were lack of knowledge of surgical options by patients, lack of desire for surgery and poor referral patterns to appropriate upper extremity surgeons. CONCLUSION The results of this survey, of a worldwide audience, indicate that many of the same barriers to care exist regardless of the patient's address. This was a preliminary opinion survey and thus the results are subjective. However, these results provide a roadmap to improving access to care by improving patient education and interdisciplinary physician communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Fox
- 1] Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System-Rehabilitation Research and Development, Palo Alto, CA, USA [2] Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - P Suarez
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System-Rehabilitation Research and Development, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - V R Hentz
- 1] Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System-Rehabilitation Research and Development, Palo Alto, CA, USA [2] Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C M Curtin
- 1] Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System-Rehabilitation Research and Development, Palo Alto, CA, USA [2] Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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12
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Barron DS, Fox PM, Laird AR, Robinson JL, Fox PT. Thalamic medial dorsal nucleus atrophy in medial temporal lobe epilepsy: A VBM meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2012; 2:25-32. [PMID: 24179755 PMCID: PMC3777772 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with MTLE network pathology within and beyond the hippocampus. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify consistent MTLE structural change to guide subsequent targeted analyses of these areas. Methods We performed an anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 22 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry experiments from 11 published studies. We grouped these experiments in three ways. We then constructed a meta-analytic connectivity model (MACM) for regions of consistent MTLE structural change as reported by the ALE analysis. Key findings ALE reported spatially consistent structural change across VBM studies only in the epileptogenic hippocampus and the bilateral thalamus; within the thalamus, the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MDN thalamus) represented the greatest convergence (P < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons). The subsequent MACM for the hippocampus and ipsilateral MDN thalamus demonstrated that the hippocampus and ipsilateral MDN thalamus functionally co-activate and are nodes within the same network, suggesting that MDN thalamic damage could result from MTLE network excitotoxicity. Significance Notwithstanding our large sample of studies, these findings are more restrictive than previous reports and demonstrate the utility of our inclusion filters and of recently modified meta-analytic methods in approximating clinical relevance. Thalamic pathology is commonly observed in animal and human studies, suggesting it could be a clinically useful indicator. Thalamus-specific research as a clinical marker awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Barron
- Research Imaging Institute, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Lancaster JL, Laird AR, Eickhoff SB, Martinez MJ, Fox PM, Fox PT. Automated regional behavioral analysis for human brain images. Front Neuroinform 2012; 6:23. [PMID: 22973224 PMCID: PMC3428588 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral categories of functional imaging experiments along with standardized brain coordinates of associated activations were used to develop a method to automate regional behavioral analysis of human brain images. Behavioral and coordinate data were taken from the BrainMap database (http://www.brainmap.org/), which documents over 20 years of published functional brain imaging studies. A brain region of interest (ROI) for behavioral analysis can be defined in functional images, anatomical images or brain atlases, if images are spatially normalized to MNI or Talairach standards. Results of behavioral analysis are presented for each of BrainMap's 51 behavioral sub-domains spanning five behavioral domains (Action, Cognition, Emotion, Interoception, and Perception). For each behavioral sub-domain the fraction of coordinates falling within the ROI was computed and compared with the fraction expected if coordinates for the behavior were not clustered, i.e., uniformly distributed. When the difference between these fractions is large behavioral association is indicated. A z-score ≥ 3.0 was used to designate statistically significant behavioral association. The left-right symmetry of ~100K activation foci was evaluated by hemisphere, lobe, and by behavioral sub-domain. Results highlighted the classic left-side dominance for language while asymmetry for most sub-domains (~75%) was not statistically significant. Use scenarios were presented for anatomical ROIs from the Harvard-Oxford cortical (HOC) brain atlas, functional ROIs from statistical parametric maps in a TMS-PET study, a task-based fMRI study, and ROIs from the ten "major representative" functional networks in a previously published resting state fMRI study. Statistically significant behavioral findings for these use scenarios were consistent with published behaviors for associated anatomical and functional regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Lancaster
- Research Imaging Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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14
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Schirmer A, Fox PM, Grandjean D. On the spatial organization of sound processing in the human temporal lobe: a meta-analysis. Neuroimage 2012; 63:137-47. [PMID: 22732561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In analogy to visual object recognition, proposals have been made that auditory object recognition is organized by sound class (e.g., vocal/non-vocal, linguistic/non-linguistic) and linked to several pathways or processing streams with specific functions. To test these proposals, we analyzed temporal lobe activations from 297 neuroimaging studies on vocal, musical and environmental sound processing. We found that all sound classes elicited activations anteriorly, posteriorly and ventrally of primary auditory cortex. However, rather than being sound class (e.g., voice) or attribute (e.g., complexity) specific, these processing streams correlated with sound knowledge or experience. Specifically, an anterior stream seemed to support general, sound class independent sound recognition and discourse-level semantic processing. A posterior stream could be best explained as supporting the embodiment of sound associated actions and a ventral stream as supporting multimodal conceptual representations. Vocalizations and music engaged these streams evenly in the left and right hemispheres, whereas environmental sounds produced a left-lateralized pattern. Together, these results both challenge and confirm existing proposal of temporal lobe specialization. Moreover, they suggest that the temporal lobe maintains the neuroanatomical building blocks for an all-purpose sound comprehension system that, instead of being preset for a particular sound class, is shaped in interaction with an individual's sonic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Schirmer
- National University of Singapore, Department of Psychology, Singapore.
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15
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Robinson JL, Laird AR, Glahn DC, Blangero J, Sanghera MK, Pessoa L, Fox PM, Uecker A, Friehs G, Young KA, Griffin JL, Lovallo WR, Fox PT. The functional connectivity of the human caudate: an application of meta-analytic connectivity modeling with behavioral filtering. Neuroimage 2011; 60:117-29. [PMID: 22197743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis based techniques are emerging as powerful, robust tools for developing models of connectivity in functional neuroimaging. Here, we apply meta-analytic connectivity modeling to the human caudate to 1) develop a model of functional connectivity, 2) determine if meta-analytic methods are sufficiently sensitive to detect behavioral domain specificity within region-specific functional connectivity networks, and 3) compare meta-analytic driven segmentation to structural connectivity parcellation using diffusion tensor imaging. Results demonstrate strong coherence between meta-analytic and data-driven methods. Specifically, we found that behavioral filtering resulted in cognition and emotion related structures and networks primarily localized to the head of the caudate nucleus, while perceptual and action specific regions localized to the body of the caudate, consistent with early models of nonhuman primate histological studies and postmortem studies in humans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed support for meta-analytic connectivity modeling's (MACM) utility in identifying both direct and indirect connectivity. Our results provide further validation of meta-analytic connectivity modeling, while also highlighting an additional potential, namely the extraction of behavioral domain specific functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Robinson
- Neuroscience Institute, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
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16
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Laird AR, Eickhoff SB, Fox PM, Uecker AM, Ray KL, Saenz JJ, McKay DR, Bzdok D, Laird RW, Robinson JL, Turner JA, Turkeltaub PE, Lancaster JL, Fox PT. The BrainMap strategy for standardization, sharing, and meta-analysis of neuroimaging data. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:349. [PMID: 21906305 PMCID: PMC3180707 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging researchers have developed rigorous community data and metadata standards that encourage meta-analysis as a method for establishing robust and meaningful convergence of knowledge of human brain structure and function. Capitalizing on these standards, the BrainMap project offers databases, software applications, and other associated tools for supporting and promoting quantitative coordinate-based meta-analysis of the structural and functional neuroimaging literature. FINDINGS In this report, we describe recent technical updates to the project and provide an educational description for performing meta-analyses in the BrainMap environment. CONCLUSIONS The BrainMap project will continue to evolve in response to the meta-analytic needs of biomedical researchers in the structural and functional neuroimaging communities. Future work on the BrainMap project regarding software and hardware advances are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Laird
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM - 2), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - P Mickle Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Uecker
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly L Ray
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Juan J Saenz
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Reese McKay
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM - 2), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert W Laird
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | - Peter E Turkeltaub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack L Lancaster
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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17
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Laird AR, Fox PM, Eickhoff SB, Turner JA, Ray KL, McKay DR, Glahn DC, Beckmann CF, Smith SM, Fox PT. Behavioral interpretations of intrinsic connectivity networks. J Cogn Neurosci 2011; 23:4022-37. [PMID: 21671731 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasingly large number of neuroimaging studies have investigated functionally connected networks during rest, providing insight into human brain architecture. Assessment of the functional qualities of resting state networks has been limited by the task-independent state, which results in an inability to relate these networks to specific mental functions. However, it was recently demonstrated that similar brain networks can be extracted from resting state data and data extracted from thousands of task-based neuroimaging experiments archived in the BrainMap database. Here, we present a full functional explication of these intrinsic connectivity networks at a standard low order decomposition using a neuroinformatics approach based on the BrainMap behavioral taxonomy as well as a stratified, data-driven ordering of cognitive processes. Our results serve as a resource for functional interpretations of brain networks in resting state studies and future investigations into mental operations and the tasks that drive them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Laird
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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18
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Smith SM, Laird AR, Glahn D, Fox PM, Mackay CE, Filippini N, Toro R, Fox PT, Beckmann CF. FMRI resting state networks match BrainMap activation networks. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The high information content in large data sets from voxel-based meta-analyses is complex, making it hard to readily resolve details. Using the meta-analysis network as a standardized data structure, network analysis algorithms can examine complex interrelationships and resolve hidden details. Two new network analysis algorithms have been adapted for use with meta-analysis networks. The first, called replicator dynamics network analysis (RDNA), analyzes co-occurrence of activations, whereas the second, called fractional similarity network analysis (FSNA), uses binary pattern matching to form similarity subnets. These two network analysis methods were evaluated using data from activation likelihood estimation (ALE)-based meta-analysis of the Stroop paradigm. Two versions of these data were evaluated, one using a more strict ALE threshold (P < 0.01) with a 13-node meta-analysis network, and the other a more lax threshold (P < 0.05) with a 22-node network. Java-based applications were developed for both RDNA and FSNA. The RDNA algorithm was modified to provide multiple subnets or maximal cliques for meta-analysis networks. Three different similarity measures were evaluated with FSNA to form subsets of nodes and experiments. RDNA provides a means to gauge importance of metanalysis subnets and complements FSNA, which provides a more comprehensive assessment of node similarity subsets, experiment similarity subsets, and overall node-to-factors similarity. The need to use both presence and absence of activations was an important finding in similarity analyses. FSNA revealed details from the pooled Stroop meta-analysis that would otherwise require separate highly filtered meta-analyses. These new analysis tools demonstrate how network analysis strategies can simplify greatly and enhance voxel-based meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Lancaster
- Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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20
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Laird AR, Fox PM, Price CJ, Glahn DC, Uecker AM, Lancaster JL, Turkeltaub PE, Kochunov P, Fox PT. ALE meta-analysis: controlling the false discovery rate and performing statistical contrasts. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 25:155-64. [PMID: 15846811 PMCID: PMC6871747 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) has greatly advanced voxel-based meta-analysis research in the field of functional neuroimaging. We present two improvements to the ALE method. First, we evaluate the feasibility of two techniques for correcting for multiple comparisons: the single threshold test and a procedure that controls the false discovery rate (FDR). To test these techniques, foci from four different topics within the literature were analyzed: overt speech in stuttering subjects, the color-word Stroop task, picture-naming tasks, and painful stimulation. In addition, the performance of each thresholding method was tested on randomly generated foci. We found that the FDR method more effectively controls the rate of false positives in meta-analyses of small or large numbers of foci. Second, we propose a technique for making statistical comparisons of ALE meta-analyses and investigate its efficacy on different groups of foci divided by task or response type and random groups of similarly obtained foci. We then give an example of how comparisons of this sort may lead to advanced designs in future meta-analytic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Laird
- Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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21
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Fox PT, Laird AR, Fox SP, Fox PM, Uecker AM, Crank M, Koenig SF, Lancaster JL. BrainMap taxonomy of experimental design: description and evaluation. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 25:185-98. [PMID: 15846810 PMCID: PMC6871758 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinate-based, voxel-wise meta-analysis is an exciting recent addition to the human functional brain mapping literature. In view of the critical importance of selection criteria for any valid meta-analysis, a taxonomy of experimental design should be an important tool for aiding in the design of rigorous meta-analyses. The coding scheme of experimental designs developed for and implemented within the BrainMap database provides a candidate taxonomy. In this study, the BrainMap experimental-design taxonomy is described and evaluated by comparing taxonomy fields to data-filtering choices made by subject-matter experts carrying out meta-analyses of the functional imaging literature. Fifteen publications reporting a total of 46 voxel-wise meta-analyses were included in this assessment. Collectively these 46 meta-analyses pooled data from 351 publications, selected for experimental similarity within each meta-analysis. Filter implementations within BrainMap were graded by ease-of-use (A-C) and by stage-of-use (1-3). Quality filters and content filters were tabulated separately. Quality filters required for data entry into BrainMap were classed as mandatory (five filters), being above the use grading system. All authors spontaneously adopted the five mandatory filters in constructing their meta-analysis, indicating excellent agreement on data quality among authors and between authors and the BrainMap development team. Two non-mandatory quality filters (group size and imaging modality) were applied by all authors; both were Stage 1, Grade A filters. Field-of-view filters were the least-accessible quality filters (Stage 3, Grade C); two field-of-view filters were applied by six and four authors, respectively. Authors made a total of 115 content-filter choices. Of these, 78 (68%) were Stage 1, Grade A filters; 16 (14%) were Stage 2, Grade A; and 21 (18%) were Stage 2, Grade C. No author-applied filter was absent from the taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA.
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22
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Borthakur D, Soedarjo M, Fox PM, Webb DT. The mid genes of Rhizobium sp strain TAL1145 are required for degradation of mimosine into 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone and are inducible by mimosine. Microbiology (Reading) 2003; 149:537-546. [PMID: 12624215 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.25954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mimosine is a toxin present in the tree-legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), including its root nodules and the root exudates. The leucaena-nodulating Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 degrades mimosine (Mid(+)) and utilizes it as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Twelve TAL1145 mutants defective in mimosine degradation (Mid(-)) were made through Tn3Hogus, TnphoA or kanamycin-resistance-cassette insertions. A 5.0 kb PstI fragment of TAL1145, subcloned from a cosmid clone containing mid genes for mimosine degradation, complemented most of the Mid(-) mutants. Sequencing this fragment and the adjacent 0.9 kb PstI fragment identified five genes, midA, midB, midC, midD and midR, of which the first three genes encode ABC transporter proteins involved in mimosine uptake, while midD encodes an aminotransferase required for degrading mimosine into 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone, and midR is a regulatory gene encoding a LysR-type transcriptional activator. The location of MidA in the periplasm was shown by making two midA : : phoA fusions, which made active alkaline phosphatase in the periplasm. The various mid : : gus and midA : : phoA fusions were inducible by mimosine, and a midD : : gus fusion mutant showed beta-glucuronidase activity in the leucaena nodules, indicating that midD is expressed in the nodules. Similarly, a midA : : phoA fusion expressed alkaline phosphatase activity in the leucaena nodules, indicating that mimosine induces midA transcription in the bacteroids. mid genes are specific for the Mid(+) strains of leucaena Rhizobium and are absent in strains of other Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 E-West Road, Ag. Sci. 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - M Soedarjo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawaii, 1955 E-West Road, Ag. Sci. 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 E-West Road, Ag. Sci. 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - P M Fox
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 E-West Road, Ag. Sci. 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - D T Webb
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, 1955 E-West Road, Ag. Sci. 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Fox PM, Borthakur D. Selection of several classes of mimosine-degradation-defective Tn3Hogus-insertion mutants of Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 on the basis of mimosine-inducible GUS activity. Can J Microbiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/w01-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 that nodulates Leucaena leucocephala degrades mimosine, a toxin produced by this tree legume. A cosmid clone, pUHR263, containing ~25 kb cloned DNA was isolated by plating Escherichia coli cells containing the cosmid clone library of TAL1145 on a minimal medium in which 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HP), a degradation product of mimosine, was used as the source of nitrogen. Cosmid pUHR263 was mutagenized by random insertions of Tn3Hogus, a transposon that makes transcriptional gus fusions when it is inserted in a gene in the correct orientation. Various pUHR263::Tn3Hogus derivatives that showed mimosine-inducible or mimosine-repressible GUS activities when transferred to the Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 were selected. Mutants of TAL1145 were constructed by transferring these Tn3Hogus insertions into the TAL1145 chromosome through double-homologous recombination. These mutants were classified into five classes on the basis of defects in mimosine degradation. The growth of these mutants was inhibited to different extents by mimosine applied to the growth medium. Mimosine forms a red-colored Fe-mimosine complex when FeCl3 is added to the medium. The inhibitory effect of Fe-mimosine on growth of the mutants was much less than that of mimosine.Key words: mimosine, mid and pyd genes, Leucaena leucocephala, tree legume, Tn3Hogus.
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24
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Fox PM, Borthakur D. Selection of several classes of mimosine-degradation-defective Tn3Hogus-insertion mutants of Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 on the basis of mimosine-inducible GUS activity. Can J Microbiol 2001; 47:488-94. [PMID: 11467724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 that nodulates Leucaena leucocephala degrades mimosine, a toxin produced by this tree legume. A cosmid clone, pUHR263, containing approximately 25 kb cloned DNA was isolated by plating Escherichia coli cells containing the cosmid clone library of TAL1145 on a minimal medium in which 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (HP), a degradation product of mimosine, was used as the source of nitrogen. Cosmid pUHR263 was mutagenized by random insertions of Tn3Hogus, a transposon that makes transcriptional gus fusions when it is inserted in a gene in the correct orientation. Various pUHR263::Tn3Hogus derivatives that showed mimosine-inducible or mimosine-repressible GUS activities when transferred to the Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 were selected. Mutants of TAL1145 were constructed by transferring these Tn3Hogus insertions into the TAL1145 chromosome through double-homologous recombination. These mutants were classified into five classes on the basis of defects in mimosine degradation. The growth of these mutants was inhibited to different extents by mimosine applied to the growth medium. Mimosine forms a red-colored Fe-mimosine complex when FeCI3 is added to the medium. The inhibitory effect of Fe-mimosine on growth of the mutants was much less than that of mimosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Fox
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Biosystems Engineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822, USA
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25
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26
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Evans PH, Fox PM. Comparison of various biogenic amines as substrates for acetyl transferase from Apis mellifera (L.) CNS. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol 1975; 51:139-41. [PMID: 239818 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(75)90051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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