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Garcia-Gasalla M, Berman-Riu M, Rodriguez A, Iglesias A, Fraile-Ribot PA, Toledo-Pons N, Pol-Pol E, Ferré-Beltrán A, Artigues-Serra F, Martin-Pena ML, Pons J, Murillas J, Oliver A, Riera M, Ferrer JM. Elevated complement C3 and increased CD8 and type 1 helper lymphocyte T populations in patients with post-COVID-19 condition. Cytokine 2023; 169:156295. [PMID: 37453328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological markers associated to post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) have not been clearly identified. METHODS Eighty-two patients attending our post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic were recruited and classified as fully recovered (40.2%) or presenting with PCC (59.8%). Clinical and radiological data, laboratory markers, cytokines, and lymphocyte populations were analyzed. RESULTS Median number of days after hospitalization was 78.5 [p25-p75: 60-93] days. PCC was significantly more frequent in women, in patients with a previously critical COVID-19, and in those with two or more comorbidities. No differences were found in lymphocyte counts, ferritin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer or sCD25, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-22, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines levels. PCC patients showed significantly higher levels of complement factor C3 than fully recovered patients: median C3 128 mg/dL [p25-p75:107-135] vs 111 mg/dL [p25-p75: 100-125] (p =.005), respectively. In the flow cytometry assessment of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, PCC patients showed significantly increased CD8 populations compared to fully recovered patients: median CD8: 529 [p25-p75: 384-683] vs 370/mm3 [p25-p75:280-523], p =.007. When type 1, 2, 17/22, and 17.1 helper and follicular T lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed, the frequency of Th1 was significantly higher in PCC patients compared to fully recovered patients (30% vs 38.5%, p =.028). CONCLUSION Patients with a post-COVID-19 condition showed significantly increased immunological parameters of inflammation (complement factor C3 and CD8 and Th1 T lymphocyte populations) compared to fully recovered patients. These parameters could be used as biological markers of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gasalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Maria Berman-Riu
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Adrian Rodriguez
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain
| | - Amanda Iglesias
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Nuria Toledo-Pons
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Elisabet Pol-Pol
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Adrian Ferré-Beltrán
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | | | - M Luisa Martin-Pena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Jaime Pons
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Javier Murillas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Melchor Riera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Joana M Ferrer
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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2
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Pablo-Marcos D, Siller M, Agüero J, Álvarez-Justel A, García-Fernández S, de la Fuente SV, Goicoechea P, Rodríguez-Lozano J, Ocampo-Sosa A, Lucas-Fernández J, Fariñas MC, Fernández J, Fraile-Ribot PA, Aracil B, Oteo-Iglesias J, Calvo-Montes J. Are GES carbapenemases underdiagnosed? An allelic discrimination assay for their accurate detection and differentiation. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 207:106694. [PMID: 36871870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
GES (Guiana Extended Spectrum) carbapenemases belong to "minor class A carbapenemases" and its prevalence could be underestimated due to the lack of specific tests. The aim of this study was to develop an easy PCR method to differentiate between GES β-lactamases with or without carbapenemase activity, based on an allelic discrimination system of SNPs that encode E104K and G170S mutations, without need of sequencing. Two pair of primers and Affinity Plus probes, labeled with different fluorophores; FAM/IBFQ and YAK/IBFQ, were designed for each one of the SNPs. This allelic discrimination assay allows to detect in real time the presence of all type of GES- β-lactamases, being able to differentiate between carbapenemases and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), through a quick PCR test that avoid costly sequencing approaches and could help to decrease the current underdiagnosis of minor carbapenemases that scape of phenotypic screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pablo-Marcos
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - M Siller
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - J Agüero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - A Álvarez-Justel
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - S García-Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - S Velasco de la Fuente
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - P Goicoechea
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - A Ocampo-Sosa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - J Lucas-Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal e Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Fariñas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Grupo de Microbiología Traslacional, ISPA, s, Asturias, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - P A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Aracil
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Oteo-Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Resistencia a Antibióticos e Infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Calvo-Montes
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Barceló IM, Jordana-Lluch E, Escobar-Salom M, Torrens G, Fraile-Ribot PA, Cabot G, Mulet X, Zamorano L, Juan C, Oliver A. Role of Enzymatic Activity in the Biological Cost Associated with the Production of AmpC β-Lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0270022. [PMID: 36214681 PMCID: PMC9604156 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02700-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario of growing antibiotic resistance, understanding the interplay between resistance mechanisms and biological costs is crucial for designing therapeutic strategies. In this regard, intrinsic AmpC β-lactamase hyperproduction is probably the most important resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, proven to entail important biological burdens that attenuate virulence mostly under peptidoglycan recycling alterations. P. aeruginosa can acquire resistance to new β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam) through mutations affecting ampC and its regulatory genes, but the impact of these mutations on the associated biological cost and the role that β-lactamase activity plays per se in contributing to the above-mentioned virulence attenuation are unknown. The same questions remain unsolved for plasmid-encoded AmpC-type β-lactamases such as FOX enzymes, some of which also provide resistance to new β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Here, we assessed from different perspectives the effects of changes in the active center and, thus, in the hydrolytic spectrum resistance to inhibitors of AmpC-type β-lactamases on the fitness and virulence of P. aeruginosa, using site-directed mutagenesis; the previously described AmpC variants T96I, G183D, and ΔG229-E247; and, finally, blaFOX-4 versus blaFOX-8. Our results indicate the essential role of AmpC activity per se in causing the reported full virulence attenuation (in terms of growth, motility, cytotoxicity, and Galleria mellonella larvae killing), although the biological cost of the above-mentioned AmpC-type variants was similar to that of the wild-type enzymes. This suggests that there is not an important biological burden that may limit the selection/spread of these variants, which could progressively compromise the future effectiveness of the above-mentioned drug combinations. IMPORTANCE The growing antibiotic resistance of the top nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa pushes research to explore new therapeutic strategies, for which the resistance-versus-virulence balance is a promising source of targets. While resistance often entails significant biological costs, little is known about the bases of the virulence attenuations associated with a resistance mechanism as extraordinarily relevant as β-lactamase production. We demonstrate that besides potential energy and cell wall alterations, the enzymatic activity of the P. aeruginosa cephalosporinase AmpC is essential for causing the full attenuation associated with its hyperproduction by affecting different features related to pathogenesis, a fact exploitable from the antivirulence perspective. Less encouraging, we also show that the production of different chromosomal/plasmid-encoded AmpC derivatives conferring resistance to some of the newest antibiotic combinations causes no significantly increased biological burdens, which suggests a free way for the selection/spread of these types of variants, potentially compromising the future effectiveness of these antipseudomonal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Barceló
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - María Escobar-Salom
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pablo A. Fraile-Ribot
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
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Grimalt JO, Vílchez H, Fraile-Ribot PA, Marco E, Campins A, Orfila J, van Drooge BL, Fanjul F. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital areas. Environ Res 2022; 204:112074. [PMID: 34547251 PMCID: PMC8450143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We performed a systematic sampling and analysis of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different hospital areas to assess viral spread. Systematic air filtration was performed in rooms with COVID-19 infected patients, in corridors adjacent to these rooms, to rooms of intensive care units, and to rooms with infected and uninfected patients, and in open spaces. RNA was extracted from the filters and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed using the LightMix Modular SARS-CoV-2 E-gene. The highest occurrence of RNA was found in the rooms with COVID-19 patients (mean 2600 c/m3) and the adjacent corridor (mean 4000 c/m3) which was statistically significant more exposed (p < 0.01). This difference was related to the ventilation systems. As is commonly found in many hospitals, each of the rooms had an individual air inlet and outlet, while in the corridors these devices were located at the distance of every four rooms. There was a significant transfer of viruses from the COVID-19 patients' rooms to the corridors. The airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the corridors of ICUs with COVID-19 patients or care rooms of uninfected patients were ten times lower, averages 190 c/m3 and 180 c/m3, respectively, without presenting significant differences. In all COVID-19 ICU rooms, patients were intubated and connected to respirators that filtered all exhaled air and prevented virus release, resulting in significantly lower viral concentrations in adjacent corridors. The results show that the greatest risk of nosocomial infection may also occur in hospital areas not directly exposed to the exhaled breath of infected patients. Hospitals should evaluate the ventilation systems of all units to minimize possible contagion and, most importantly, direct monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in the air should be carried out to prevent unexpected viral exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helem Vílchez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain; Microbiology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Campins
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaime Orfila
- Internal Medicine Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Fanjul
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Son Espases University Hospital, Palma, Mallorca, Spain.
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5
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Barceló IM, Torrens G, Escobar-Salom M, Jordana-Lluch E, Capó-Bauzá MM, Ramón-Pallín C, García-Cuaresma D, Fraile-Ribot PA, Mulet X, Oliver A, Juan C. Impact of Peptidoglycan Recycling Blockade and Expression of Horizontally Acquired β-Lactamases on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0201921. [PMID: 35171032 PMCID: PMC8849096 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02019-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario of antibiotic resistance magnification, new weapons against top nosocomial pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are urgently needed. The interplay between β-lactam resistance and virulence is considered a promising source of targets to be attacked by antivirulence therapies, and in this regard, we previously showed that a peptidoglycan recycling blockade dramatically attenuated the pathogenic power of P. aeruginosa strains hyperproducing the chromosomal β-lactamase AmpC. Here, we sought to ascertain whether this observation could be applicable to other β-lactamases. To do so, P. aeruginosa wild-type or peptidoglycan recycling-defective strains (ΔampG and ΔnagZ) harboring different cloned β-lactamases (transferable GES, VIM, and OXA types) were used to assess their virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae by determining 50% lethal doses (LD50s). A mild yet significant LD50 increase was observed after peptidoglycan recycling disruption per se, whereas the expression of class A and B enzymes did not impact virulence. While the production of the narrow-spectrum class D OXA-2 entailed a slight attenuation, its extended-spectrum derivatives OXA-226 (W159R [bearing a change of W to R at position 159]), OXA-161 (N148D), and principally, OXA-539 (D149 duplication) were associated with outstanding virulence impairments, especially in recycling-defective backgrounds (with some LD50s being >1,000-fold that of the wild type). Although their exact molecular bases remain to be deciphered, these results suggest that mutations affecting the catalytic center and, therefore, the hydrolytic spectrum of OXA-2-derived enzymes also drastically impact the pathogenic power of P. aeruginosa. This work provides new and relevant knowledge to the complex topic of the interplay between the production of β-lactamases and virulence that could be useful to build future therapeutic strategies against P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading nosocomial pathogens whose growing resistance makes the development of therapeutic options extremely urgent. The resistance-virulence interplay has classically aroused researchers' interest as a source of therapeutic targets. In this regard, we describe a wide array of virulence attenuations associated with different transferable β-lactamases, among which the production of OXA-2-derived extended-spectrum β-lactamases stood out as a dramatic handicap for pathogenesis, likely as a side effect of mutations causing the expansion of their hydrolytic spectrums. Moreover, our results confirm the validity of disturbing peptidoglycan recycling as a weapon to attenuate P. aeruginosa virulence in class C and D β-lactamase production backgrounds. In the current scenario of dissemination of horizontally acquired β-lactamases, this work brings out new data on the complex interplay between the production of specific enzymes and virulence attenuation that, if complemented with the characterization of the underlying mechanisms, will likely be exploitable to develop future virulence-targeting antipseudomonal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Barceló
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Escobar-Salom
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - María Magdalena Capó-Bauzá
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Carlos Ramón-Pallín
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Cuaresma
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Pablo A. Fraile-Ribot
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Microbiology Department and Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
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6
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López-Causapé C, Fraile-Ribot PA, Jiménez-Serrano S, Cabot G, Del Barrio-Tofiño E, Prado MC, Linares JM, López A, Hurtado A, Riera E, Serra A, Roselló E, Carbó L, Fernández-Baca MV, Gallegos C, Saurina J, Arteaga E, Salom MM, Salvá A, Nicolau A, González-Candelas F, Comas I, Oliver A. A Genomic Snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the Balearic Islands. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803827. [PMID: 35095814 PMCID: PMC8790175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology in the Balearic Islands, a unique setting in which the course of the pandemic has been influenced by a complex interplay between insularity, severe social restrictions and tourism travels. Methods: Since the onset of the pandemic, more than 2,700 SARS-CoV-2 positive respiratory samples have been randomly selected and sequenced in the Balearic Islands. Genetic diversity of circulating variants was assessed by lineage assignment of consensus whole genome sequences with PANGOLIN and investigation of additional spike mutations. Results: Consensus sequences were assigned to 46 different PANGO lineages and 75% of genomes were classified within a VOC, VUI, or VUM variant according to the WHO definitions. Highest genetic diversity was documented in the island of Majorca (42 different lineages detected). Globally, lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2/AY.X were identified as the 2 major lineages circulating in the Balearic Islands during the pandemic, distantly followed by lineages B.1.177/B.1.177.X. However, in Ibiza/Formentera lineage distribution was slightly different and lineage B.1.221 was the third most prevalent. Temporal distribution analysis showed that B.1 and B.1.5 lineages dominated the first epidemic wave, lineage B.1.177 dominated the second and third, and lineage B.1.617.2 the fourth. Of note, lineage B.1.1.7 became the most prevalent circulating lineage during first half of 2021; however, it was not associated with an increased in COVID-19 cases likely due to severe social restrictions and limited travels. Additional spike mutations were rarely documented with the exception of mutation S:Q613H which has been detected in several genomes (n = 25) since July 2021. Conclusion: Virus evolution, mainly driven by the acquisition and selection of spike substitutions conferring biological advantages, social restrictions, and size population are apparently key factors for explaining the epidemic patterns registered in the Balearic Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Cabot
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Del Barrio-Tofiño
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Prado
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Juana María Linares
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Aranzazu López
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain
| | | | - Elena Riera
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Spain
| | - Antoni Serra
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Spain
| | - Eva Roselló
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Mahón, Spain
| | - Lluis Carbó
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Mahón, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Gallegos
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma, Spain
| | - Juan Saurina
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, Inca, Spain
| | - Emilio Arteaga
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, Inca, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Salvá
- Gabinete Técnico-Asistencial, Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Nicolau
- Servicio de Epidemiología de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación "Infección y Salud Pública" FISABIO-Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBIO, CSIC-UV), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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García-Gasalla M, Ferrer JM, Fraile-Ribot PA, Ferre-Beltrán A, Rodríguez A, Martínez-Pomar N, Ramon-Clar L, Iglesias A, Losada-López I, Fanjul F, Pou JA, Llompart-Alabern I, Toledo N, Pons J, Oliver A, Riera M, Murillas J. Predictive Immunological, Virological, and Routine Laboratory Markers for Critical COVID-19 on Admission. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2021; 2021:9965850. [PMID: 34422145 PMCID: PMC8373501 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of COVID-19 patients at risk of critical illness is a challenging endeavor for clinicians. We aimed to establish immunological, virological, and routine laboratory markers, which, in combination with clinical information, may allow identifying such patients. METHODS Blood tests to measure neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and levels of ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, complement components (C3 and C4), cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets, as well as SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR tests, were performed in COVID-19-confirmed cases within 48 hours of admission. RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs were determined on the day of admission. Symptom severity was categorized as mild (grade 1), severe (grade 2), or critical (grade 3). RESULTS Of 120 patients who were included, 49 had mild, 32 severe, and 39 critical COVID-19. Levels of ferritin >370 ng/mL (OR 16.4, 95% CI 5.3-50.8), D-dimer >440 ng/mL (OR 5.45, 95% CI 2.36-12.61), CRP >7.65 mg/dL (OR 11.54, 95% CI 4.3-30.8), NLR >3.77 (OR 13.4, 95% CI 4.3-41.1), IL-6 >142.5 pg/mL (OR 8.76, 95% CI 3.56-21.54), IL-10 >10.8 pg/mL (OR 16.45, 95% CI 5.32-50.81), sIL-2rα (sCD25) >804.5 pg/mL (OR 14.06, 95% CI 4.56-43.28), IL-1Ra >88.4 pg/mL (OR 4.54, 95% CI 2.03-10.17), and IL-18 >144 pg/mL (OR 17.85, 95% CI 6.54-48.78) were associated with critical COVID-19 in the univariate age-adjusted analysis. This association was confirmed in the multivariate age-adjusted analysis only for ferritin, CRP, NLR, IL-10, sIL-2rα, and IL-18. T, B, and NK cells were significantly decreased in critical patients. SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in blood except in 3 patients who had indeterminate results. RT-PCR Ct values from oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swabs on admission were not related to symptom severity. CONCLUSION Ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, NLR, cytokine (IL-18 and IL-10), and cytokine receptor (IL-6, IL1-Ra, and sCD25) test results combined with clinical data can contribute to the early identification of critical COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes García-Gasalla
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Juana M. Ferrer
- Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pablo A. Fraile-Ribot
- Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Adrián Ferre-Beltrán
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Adrián Rodríguez
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Natalia Martínez-Pomar
- Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Luisa Ramon-Clar
- Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Amanda Iglesias
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Losada-López
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Fanjul
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Pou
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Toledo
- Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jaime Pons
- Immunology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Melchor Riera
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Javier Murillas
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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8
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Gomis-Font MA, Cabot G, Sánchez-Diener I, Fraile-Ribot PA, Juan C, Moya B, Zamorano L, Oliver A. In vitro dynamics and mechanisms of resistance development to imipenem and imipenem/relebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2508-2515. [PMID: 32514525 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analysed the dynamics and mechanisms of resistance development to imipenem alone or combined with relebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa WT (PAO1) and mutator (PAOMS; ΔmutS) strains. METHODS PAO1 or PAOMS strains were incubated for 24 h in Mueller-Hinton Broth with 0.125-64 mg/L of imipenem ± relebactam 4 mg/L. Tubes from the highest antibiotic concentration showing growth were reinoculated in fresh medium containing concentrations up to 64 mg/L of imipenem ± relebactam for 7 days. Two colonies per strain, replicate experiment and antibiotic from early (Day 1) and late (Day 7) cultures were characterized by determining the susceptibility profiles, WGS and determination of the expression of ampC and efflux-pump-coding genes. Virulence was studied in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. RESULTS Relebactam reduced imipenem resistance development for both strains, although resistance emerged much faster for PAOMS. WGS indicated that imipenem resistance was associated with mutations in the porin OprD and regulators of ampC, while the mutations in imipenem/relebactam-resistant mutants were located in oprD and regulatoras of MexAB-OprM. High-level imipenem/relebactam resistance was only documented in the PAOMS strain and was associated with an additional specific (T680A) mutation located in the catalytic pocket of ponA (PBP1a) and with reduced virulence in the C. elegans model. CONCLUSIONS Imipenem/relebactam could be a useful alternative for the treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa infections, potentially reducing resistance development during treatment. Moreover, this work deciphers the potential resistance mechanisms that may emerge upon the introduction of this novel combination into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Gomis-Font
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Irina Sánchez-Diener
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bartolome Moya
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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9
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Gomila RM, Martorell G, Fraile-Ribot PA, Doménech-Sánchez A, Albertí M, Oliver A, García-Gasalla M, Albertí S. Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Serum Peptidome to Classify and Predict Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab222. [PMID: 34109258 PMCID: PMC8135799 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification and early detection of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is required to establish an effective treatment. We tested the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to classify and predict the severity of COVID-19. METHODS We used MALDI-TOF MS to analyze the serum peptidome from 72 patients with COVID-19 (training cohort), clinically classified as mild (28), severe (23), and critical (21), and 20 healthy controls. The resulting matrix of peak intensities was used for Machine Learning (ML) approaches to classify and predict COVID-19 severity of 22 independent patients (validation cohort). Finally, we analyzed all sera by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the most relevant proteins associated with disease severity. RESULTS We found a clear variability of the serum peptidome profile depending on COVID-19 severity. Forty-two peaks exhibited a log fold change ≥1 and 17 were significantly different and at least 4-fold more intense in the set of critical patients than in the mild ones. The ML approach classified clinical stable patients according to their severity with 100% accuracy and correctly predicted the evolution of the nonstable patients in all cases. The LC-MS/MS identified 5 proteins that were significantly upregulated in the critical patients. They included the serum amyloid protein A2, which probably yielded the most intense peak detected by MALDI-TOF MS. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the potential of the MALDI-TOF MS as a bench to bedside technology to aid clinicians in their decision making regarding patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Gomila
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Martorell
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Doménech-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- IUNICS, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Albertí
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Gasalla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sebastián Albertí
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- IUNICS, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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10
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Slater CL, Winogrodzki J, Fraile-Ribot PA, Oliver A, Khajehpour M, Mark BL. Adding Insult to Injury: Mechanistic Basis for How AmpC Mutations Allow Pseudomonas aeruginosa To Accelerate Cephalosporin Hydrolysis and Evade Avibactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00894-20. [PMID: 32660987 PMCID: PMC7449160 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00894-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide and notorious for its broad-spectrum resistance to antibiotics. A key mechanism that provides extensive resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the inducible expression of AmpC β-lactamase. Recently, a number of clinical isolates expressing mutated forms of AmpC have been found to be clinically resistant to the antipseudomonal β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) combinations ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam. Here, we compare the enzymatic activity of wild-type (WT) AmpC from PAO1 to those of four of these reported AmpC mutants, bearing mutations E247K (a change of E to K at position 247), G183D, T96I, and ΔG229-E247 (a deletion from position 229 to 247), to gain detailed insights into how these mutations allow the circumvention of these clinically vital antibiotic-inhibitor combinations. We found that these mutations exert a 2-fold effect on the catalytic cycle of AmpC. First, they reduce the stability of the enzyme, thereby increasing its flexibility. This appears to increase the rate of deacylation of the enzyme-bound β-lactam, resulting in greater catalytic efficiencies toward ceftolozane and ceftazidime. Second, these mutations reduce the affinity of avibactam for AmpC by increasing the apparent activation barrier of the enzyme acylation step. This does not influence the catalytic turnover of ceftolozane and ceftazidime significantly, as deacylation is the rate-limiting step for the breakdown of these antibiotic substrates. It is remarkable that these mutations enhance the catalytic efficiency of AmpC toward ceftolozane and ceftazidime while simultaneously reducing susceptibility to inhibition by avibactam. Knowledge gained from the molecular analysis of these and other AmpC resistance mutants will, we believe, aid in the design of β-lactams and BLIs with reduced susceptibility to mutational resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole L Slater
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Brian L Mark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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11
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Fernández-Esgueva M, López-Calleja AI, Mulet X, Fraile-Ribot PA, Cabot G, Huarte R, Rezusta A, Oliver A. Characterization of AmpC β-lactamase mutations of extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that develop resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam during therapy. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 38:474-478. [PMID: 32143893 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We characterized AmpC β-lactamase mutations that resulted in ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients treated with this agent from June 2016 to December 2018. METHODS Five pairs of ceftolozane/tazobactam susceptible/resistant P. aeruginosa XDR isolates were included among a total of 49 patients treated. Clonal relationship among isolates was first evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was further performed. AmpC mutations were investigated by PCR amplification of the blaPDC gene followed by sequencing. RESULTS The ST175 high-risk clone was detected in four of the pairs of isolates and the ST1182 in the remaining one. All resistant isolates showed a mutation in AmpC: T96I in two of the isolates, and E247K, G183V, and a deletion of 19 amino acids (G229-E247) in the other three. The G183V mutation had not been described before. The five isolates resistant to ceftolozane/tazobactam showed cross-resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam and lower MICs of imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam than the susceptible isolates. CONCLUSIONS Ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance was associated in all of the cases with AmpC mutations, including a novel mutation (G183V) not previously described. There is a vital need for surveillance and characterization of emerging ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance, in order to preserve this valuable antipseudomonal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Esgueva
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Mulet
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Huarte
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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12
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Fraile-Ribot PA, Cabot G, Mulet X, Periañez L, Martín-Pena ML, Juan C, Pérez JL, Oliver A. Mechanisms leading to in vivo ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance development during the treatment of infections caused by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:658-663. [PMID: 29149337 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Characterization of the mechanisms driving ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance development in 5 of 47 (10.6%) patients treated for MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a Spanish hospital. Methods Five pairs of ceftolozane/tazobactam-susceptible/resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were studied. MICs were determined by broth microdilution, clonal relatedness was assessed by MLST and resistance mechanisms were investigated by phenotypic and genotypic methods, including WGS. ampC variants were cloned to assess their impact on resistance. Results In all five cases, the same clone was detected for the susceptible/resistant pairs; the widespread ST175 high-risk clone in four of the cases and ST179 in the remaining case. Genomic analysis of the four initial ST175 isolates revealed the characteristic OprD mutation (Q142X) responsible for carbapenem resistance and the AmpR mutation (G154R) responsible for AmpC overexpression and β-lactam resistance. The final isolates had developed ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam resistance, and each additionally showed a mutation in AmpC: E247K in one of the isolates, T96I in two isolates and a deletion of 19 amino acids (G229-E247) in the remaining isolate. The cloned AmpC variants showed greatly increased ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam MICs compared with WT AmpC, but, in contrast, yielded lower MICs of imipenem, cefepime and particularly piperacillin/tazobactam. On the other hand, ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance development in ST179 was shown to be driven by the emergence of the extended-spectrum OXA β-lactamase OXA-14, through the selection of an N146S mutation from OXA-10. Conclusions Modification of intrinsic (AmpC) and horizontally acquired β-lactamases appears to be the main mechanism leading to ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance in MDR P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Leonor Periañez
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Martín-Pena
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José L Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Díaz-Cañestro M, Periañez L, Mulet X, Martin-Pena ML, Fraile-Ribot PA, Ayestarán I, Colomar A, Nuñez B, Maciá M, Novo A, Torres V, Asensio J, López-Causapé C, Delgado O, Pérez JL, Murillas J, Riera M, Oliver A. Ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: experience from the Balearic Islands. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:2191-2200. [PMID: 30141088 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, descriptive observational study of consecutive patients treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam in the reference hospital of the Balearic Islands (Spain), between May 2016 and September 2017, was performed. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological variables were recorded. The later included resistance profile, molecular typing, and whole genome sequencing of isolates showing resistance development. Fifty-eight patients were treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam. Thirty-five (60.3%) showed respiratory tract infections, 21 (36.2%) received monotherapy, and 37 (63.8%) combined therapy for ≥ 72 h, mainly with colistin (45.9%). In 46.6% of the patients, a dose of 1/0.5 g/8 h was used, whereas 2/1 g/8 h was used in 41.4%. In 56 of the cases (96.6%), the initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered showed a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype, and 50 of them (86.2%) additionally met the extensively drug resistant (XDR) criteria and were only susceptible colistin and/or aminoglycosides (mostly amikacin). The epidemic high-risk clone ST175 was detected in 50% of the patients. Clinical cure was documented in 37 patients (63.8%) and resistance development in 8 (13.8%). Clinical failure was associated with disease severity (SOFA), ventilator-dependent respiratory failure, XDR profile, high-risk clone ST175, negative control culture, and resistance development. In 6 of the 8 cases, resistance development was caused by structural mutations in AmpC, including some mutations described for the first time in vivo, whereas in the other 2, by mutations in OXA-10 leading to the extended spectrum OXA-14. Although further clinical experience is still needed, our results suggest that ceftolozane/tazobactam is an attractive option for the treatment of MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Díaz-Cañestro
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Leonor Periañez
- Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Mulet
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Luisa Martin-Pena
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo A Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ayestarán
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Asunción Colomar
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Belén Nuñez
- Servicio de Pneumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Maciá
- Servicio de Pneumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andrés Novo
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vicente Torres
- Servicio de Reanimación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Asensio
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Olga Delgado
- Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Murillas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Melchor Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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