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Mishra D, Singh H, Gogate P, Bhushan P, Singh MK, Srivastav T, Gogate B, Gaur S. Prevalence of incidental and total human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C seropositivity among patients posted for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:400-404. [PMID: 35086204 PMCID: PMC9023954 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1970_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viral seropositive among the patients posted for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center in north India. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done for 30 months duration. All the patients posted for cataract surgery underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation followed by routine hematological workup, including viral markers for HIV, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-HCV. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20). Results: A total of 7,316 individuals underwent cataract surgery from Jan 2016 to August 2018, 4,073/7,316 (55.7%) were males. The prevalence for HIV was 58/7,316 (0.8%), HBsAg was 151/7,316 (2.1%), and HCV was 11/7,316 (0.1%); 28/58 (48.3%) HIV positives were unaware of their seropositivity till testing, as were 37/151 (24.5%) of HBsAg positives, and 4/11 (36.4%) HCV positives. There was a significant relationship between the mean age in the patients with HIV (P = 0.002) and anti-HCV (P = 0.045). A majority of the seropositive patients were found to be illiterate (45.6%), followed by educated up to high school level (29.1%), and graduate (25.0%). Conclusion: Viral seropositivity was significant among the patients posted for cataract surgery. The eye care providers could refer these patients for counseling and further management for the patient’s and their caretaker’s benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Mishra
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Parkshit Gogate
- Community Eye Care Foundation, Dr. Gogate's Eye Clinic; Department of Ophthalmology, D.Y.Patil Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Honorary Lecturer, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Engineering, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Bhushan
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Singh
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanmay Srivastav
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bageshri Gogate
- Department of Pathology, Shrimati Kashibai Navale Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smriti Gaur
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gogate P, Parbhoo D, Ramson P, Budhoo R, Øverland L, Mkhize N, Naidoo K, Levine S, du Bryn A, Benjamin L. Surgery for sight: outcomes of congenital and developmental cataracts operated in Durban, South Africa. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1523-1524. [PMID: 27518542 PMCID: PMC5108017 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Gogate
- Orbis Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
- African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
- Dr Gogate's Eye Clinic, Pune, India
| | - D Parbhoo
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - P Ramson
- Orbis Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - R Budhoo
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - L Øverland
- Orbis Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - N Mkhize
- Orbis Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - K Naidoo
- African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, Republic of South Africa
- Brien Holden Vision Research Institute, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - S Levine
- School of African and Gender studies, Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - A du Bryn
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - L Benjamin
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
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Gogate B, Gogate P, Deshpande M. Eye donation programme through faith leaders. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:867-868. [PMID: 18523100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Abstract
AIM To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in Maharashtra, India. METHODS Children aged <16 years with a visual acuity of <6/60 in the better eye, attending 35 schools for the blind were examined between 2002 and 2005, and causes were classified using the World Health Organization's system. RESULTS 1985 students were examined, 1778 of whom fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The major causes of visual loss were congenital anomalies (microphthalmos or anophthalmos; 735, 41.3%), corneal conditions (mainly scarring; 395, 22.2%), cataract or aphakia (n = 107, 6%), and retinal disorders (mainly dystrophies; n = 199, 11.2%). More than one third of children (34.5%) were blind from conditions which could have been prevented or treated, 139 of whom were referred for surgery. Low vision devices improved near-acuity in 79 (4.4%) children, and 72 (4%) benefited from refraction. No variation in causes by sex or region was observed. CONCLUSIONS Congenital anomalies accounted for 41% of blindness, which is higher than in a similar study conducted 10 years ago. Corneal scarring seems to be declining in importance, low vision and optical services need to be improved, and research is needed to determine the aetiology of congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gogate
- H.V., Desai Eye Hospital,Survey number 93, Tarawade Vasti, Mohammadwadi, Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India.
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Aung H, Toossi Z, McKenna SM, Gogate P, Sierra J, Sada E, Rich EA. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-4 in granulomatous lung lesions in tuberculosis. Tuber Lung Dis 2000; 80:61-7. [PMID: 10912280 DOI: 10.1054/tuld.2000.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-beta 1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were assessed in lung tissues from patients with tuberculosis. Vimentin, a constitutively expressed cellular protein, was present in 12 of 19 tissue sections indicating adequate preservation of tissue proteins in these cases. Immunohistochemical studies for cytokines were done in the vimentin positive sections only. TGF-beta 1 was localized to mononuclear phagocytes of tuberculous lung lesions in 4 of 12 tuberculosis patients. TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 were absent in sections from all tuberculosis patients. The failure to detect the latter cytokines may indicate that these molecules may not be expressed at the site of disease, or are not a feature of the late stages of tuberculous granulomas. TGF beta-1, although not universally expressed, may be involved in the development and/or consequences of tuberculous granuloma formation. These data substantiate further the role of TGF-beta 1 in the immunopathology of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4984, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Variyam
- Departments of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Abstract
Although neither sarcoidosis nor HIV infection is rare, only eight patients with both diseases have been described. None of the eight had sarcoid myopathy. We describe a patient who had HIV infection and decreased CD4+ T-lymphocytes as well as sarcoidosis with muscle involvement. During 3 years of observation, primary sarcoidosis remitted and myopathic symptoms were controlled with prednisone. No opportunistic infections occurred during more than 3 years of prednisone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Granieri
- Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, OH 44106, USA
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Toossi Z, Gogate P, Shiratsuchi H, Young T, Ellner JJ. Enhanced production of TGF-beta by blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis and presence of TGF-beta in tuberculous granulomatous lung lesions. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.1.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The expression of TGF-beta, a molecule that affects both immune responsiveness and wound healing, was examined in blood monocytes and granulomatous lesions from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The spontaneous release of TGF-beta was higher in culture supernatants of monocytes from patients as compared with those of healthy subjects by an ELISA (p < 0.0005). TGF-beta activity was also confirmed in a bioassay in supernatants from patients. Next, freshly isolated monocytes from patients with tuberculosis and matched subjects were examined for TGF-beta activity. Cytosmears of monocytes were stained with an Ab against TGF-beta 1 (anti-LC) or isotype-specific Ab by using an alkaline-phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. In contrast to monocytes from healthy individuals, 60 to 70% of monocytes from patients demonstrated cytoplasmic staining for TGF-beta (n = 3). Upon hypotonic lysis, monocytes from patients with tuberculosis contained immunoreactive TGF-beta (n = 3). By Northern blot analysis, monocytes from three of seven patients with tuberculosis had increased expression of TGF-beta mRNA as compared with concurrently examined monocytes from healthy subjects. Within the granulomas of lung sections from two patients with untreated tuberculosis, TGF-beta immunoreactivity was identified in the Langhan's giant cells mainly and to a lesser extent the epithelioid cells using anti-LC Ab and the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique. Thus, both blood monocytes and lung granuloma macrophages from patients with active tuberculosis express TGF-beta. Excess activity of this cytokine in blood monocytes may underlie the depressed T cell responses of patients with tuberculosis. Moreover, within the infected tissues excess TGF-beta activity may interfere with anti-mycobacterial mechanisms and effective granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Toossi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - P Gogate
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - H Shiratsuchi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - T Young
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - J J Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Toossi Z, Gogate P, Shiratsuchi H, Young T, Ellner JJ. Enhanced production of TGF-beta by blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis and presence of TGF-beta in tuberculous granulomatous lung lesions. J Immunol 1995; 154:465-73. [PMID: 7995958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The expression of TGF-beta, a molecule that affects both immune responsiveness and wound healing, was examined in blood monocytes and granulomatous lesions from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The spontaneous release of TGF-beta was higher in culture supernatants of monocytes from patients as compared with those of healthy subjects by an ELISA (p < 0.0005). TGF-beta activity was also confirmed in a bioassay in supernatants from patients. Next, freshly isolated monocytes from patients with tuberculosis and matched subjects were examined for TGF-beta activity. Cytosmears of monocytes were stained with an Ab against TGF-beta 1 (anti-LC) or isotype-specific Ab by using an alkaline-phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. In contrast to monocytes from healthy individuals, 60 to 70% of monocytes from patients demonstrated cytoplasmic staining for TGF-beta (n = 3). Upon hypotonic lysis, monocytes from patients with tuberculosis contained immunoreactive TGF-beta (n = 3). By Northern blot analysis, monocytes from three of seven patients with tuberculosis had increased expression of TGF-beta mRNA as compared with concurrently examined monocytes from healthy subjects. Within the granulomas of lung sections from two patients with untreated tuberculosis, TGF-beta immunoreactivity was identified in the Langhan's giant cells mainly and to a lesser extent the epithelioid cells using anti-LC Ab and the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique. Thus, both blood monocytes and lung granuloma macrophages from patients with active tuberculosis express TGF-beta. Excess activity of this cytokine in blood monocytes may underlie the depressed T cell responses of patients with tuberculosis. Moreover, within the infected tissues excess TGF-beta activity may interfere with anti-mycobacterial mechanisms and effective granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Toossi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Variyam EP, Gogate P, Hassan M, Costerton WJ, Pillai S, Ward H, Jalan K. Nondysenteric intestinal amebiasis. Colonic morphology and search for Entamoeba histolytica adherence and invasion. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34:732-40. [PMID: 2540942 DOI: 10.1007/bf01540345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is controversy regarding the presence of colonic mucosal abnormalities or mucosal invasion by Entamoeba histolytica in patients with "nondysenteric intestinal amebiasis." To determine the role of E. histolytica in causing symptoms and mucosal changes and to detect if mucosal invasion by E. histolytica is present in nondynsenteric intestinal amebiasis, we evaluated 24 E. histolytica-infected patients (stool microscopy positive for E. histolytica) and 12 noninfected controls who presented with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, but without dysentery, to a clinic in Calcutta. The colonic mucosa was evaluated at colonoscopy, and mucosal biopsies obtained from the cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum were evaluated by light microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. At colonoscopy mucosal ulcerations were absent in all the controls and all except one of the E. histolytica-infected patients. E. histolytica trophozoites or cysts were not seen in the lamina propria or on the luminal surface in any infected patient by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. On scanning electron microscopy, structures that resembled rounded E. histolytica trophozoites were seen on the luminal surface in two of 19 cecal specimens from the infected patients. Moderate or severe mucosal inflammation was frequent on light microscopy in both the E. histolytica-infected patients and the noninfected controls with the cecum involved in two thirds of both groups. Antibodies to E. histolytica were detected in serum of 25% of study patients and 58% of controls. Mucosal inflammation did not correlate with stool positivity for E. histolytica or seropositivity for ameba antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Variyam
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Gogate P, Valenzuela R, Deodhar SD, Bergfeld WF, Yeip M. Globular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the papillary dermis. Clinical significance. Am J Clin Pathol 1980; 73:512-7. [PMID: 7369175 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/73.4.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Globular deposits of immunoglobulins in the papillary dermis have been reported to occur in certain dermatoses, particularly in lichen planus. The clinical correlation of these deposits in 52 skin biopsy specimens reviewed by light and fluorescent microscopy was studied. These cases included five of lichen planus, 24 of lupus erythematosus or related diseases, four of dermatitis herpetiformis, three of drug eruption; two each of bullous pemphigoid, erythema nodosum, porphyria cutanea tarda; one each of vitiligo, pyoderma gangrenosum, neurodermatitis, erythema multiforme, granuloma annulare, vasculitis, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Rothmund-Thompson syndrome, and four of unspecified dermatoses. Using an arbitrary scale of 1-4 based on the frequency of deposits, 3+ and 4+ deposits were identified in all five cases of lichen planus, as well as in six cases of lupus erythematosus, one of drug eruption, one of bullous pemphigoid, one of erythema nodosum, the vitiligo, vasculitis, and Rothmund-Thompson syndrome cases, and two cases of unspecified dermatoses; other cases showed only 1+ and 2+ deposits. In all five cases of lichen planus, the deposits contained IgM and C3, and in addition, IgA was present in four, IgG and fibrinogen in three. Among non-lichen planus cases, C3 was detected in 11 of 49, and fibrinogen in only four of 49. These findings indicate that globular deposits of Ig in the dermis, though suggestive, are not pathognomonic of lichen planus.
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Abstract
An in-vitro lymphocyte transformation test was performed on 252 patients, some of whom were suspected to have hypersensitivities to antibiotics, aspirin, methyldopa, allopurinol, or halothane. Overall, the proportion of patients with clinically documented drug reactions who had positive tests was higher than the corresponding proportion of patients without such reactions. When results from individual drugs were compared, however, significant differences were found only with respect to antibiotics and aspirin. Extent of lymphocytic transformation did not correlate with severity or form of hypersensitivity. A radioallergosorbent test for penicillin-binding IgG and IgE was done on plasmas of 63 patients whose lymphocytes were tested against penicillin in the lymphocytic transformation test. The radioallergosorbent test and the lymphocyte transformation test results did not correlate, but levels of penicillin-binding IgG and IgE showed significant correlation. A greater number of patients with clinical hypersensitivity to penicillin had positive results by both the lymphocyte transformation test and the radioallergosorbent test than by either test alone. The clinical relevances of these tests are discussed.
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Abstract
Two cases of relapsing polychondritis are reported. Direct immunofluorescence examination of ear biopsy specimens in both patients showed the presence of granular deposits of immunoglobulins and the C3 component of complement at the chondrofibrous junction. These findings suggest that immunomicroscopic examination of ear cartilage could be diagnostically useful in this disease.
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