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Lee M, Roos P, Sharma N, Atalar M, Evans TA, Pellicore MJ, Davis E, Lam ATN, Stanley SE, Khalil SE, Solomon GM, Walker D, Raraigh KS, Vecchio-Pagan B, Armanios M, Cutting GR. Systematic Computational Identification of Variants That Activate Exonic and Intronic Cryptic Splice Sites. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:751-765. [PMID: 28475858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a variant-annotation method that combines sequence-based machine-learning classification with a context-dependent algorithm for selecting splice variants. Our approach is distinctive in that it compares the splice potential of a sequence bearing a variant with the splice potential of the reference sequence. After training, classification accurately identified 168 of 180 (93.3%) canonical splice sites of five genes. The combined method, CryptSplice, identified and correctly predicted the effect of 18 of 21 (86%) known splice-altering variants in CFTR, a well-studied gene whose loss-of-function variants cause cystic fibrosis (CF). Among 1,423 unannotated CFTR disease-associated variants, the method identified 32 potential exonic cryptic splice variants, two of which were experimentally evaluated and confirmed. After complete CFTR sequencing, the method found three cryptic intronic splice variants (one known and two experimentally verified) that completed the molecular diagnosis of CF in 6 of 14 individuals. CryptSplice interrogation of sequence data from six individuals with X-linked dyskeratosis congenita caused by an unknown disease-causing variant in DKC1 identified two splice-altering variants that were experimentally verified. To assess the extent to which disease-associated variants might activate cryptic splicing, we selected 458 pathogenic variants and 348 variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) classified as high confidence from ClinVar. Splice-site activation was predicted for 129 (28%) of the pathogenic variants and 75 (22%) of the VUSs. Our findings suggest that cryptic splice-site activation is more common than previously thought and should be routinely considered for all variants within the transcribed regions of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lee
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Neeraj Sharma
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melis Atalar
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taylor A Evans
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew J Pellicore
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anh-Thu N Lam
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan E Stanley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sara E Khalil
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - George M Solomon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Doug Walker
- Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karen S Raraigh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Briana Vecchio-Pagan
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary Armanios
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Garry R Cutting
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Roos P, Gelfand M, Nau D, Lun J. Societal threat and cultural variation in the strength of social norms: An evolutionary basis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rääf CL, Holstein H, Holm E, Roos P. Hair as an indicator of the body content of polonium in humans: preliminary results from study of five male volunteers. J Environ Radioact 2015; 141:71-75. [PMID: 25557609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The radionuclide (210)Po is of importance from a radiation protection view and has properties that cause special problems when attempting to determine the body content in humans. Estimates have traditionally been made from either urine and/or fecal samples, which require a time-consuming radiochemical preparation before alpha spectrometric determination. In order to find a more simple and less labor intensive method hair has been used as a bioindicator and investigated in this study. The relationship between intake and excretion in hair has been estimated in five volunteers who ingested radioactive polonium ((209)Po as a bio-tracer for (210)Po) in well determined quantities. Four of the volunteers were given 5-10 Bq (209)Po in a single intake (acute intake) and one volunteer has ingested a daily intake of 58.7 mBq (209)Po for a period of 180 d. Human hair was found to reflect the daily clearance of ingested polonium peaking at 0.001-0.01% d(-1) of the ingested amount, thereafter decreasing mono-exponentially, corresponding to a biological half-time of 10-20 days. For the case of protracted intake a mono-exponential build-up was observed with a half-time of 40 ± 5 d. In addition, after cessation of intake, a short-term component (74%) with a biological half-time of 16 ± 4 d, and a long-term component (26%) with a half-time of 93 ± 53 d were observed. It is concluded that hair can be used to detect not only the amount of ingested polonium but also whether the intake was protracted or acute.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Rääf
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - H Holstein
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Holm
- Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgren Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden.
| | - P Roos
- DTU Nutech, Risø Campus, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Roos P, Orlando PA, Fagerstrom RM, Pepper JW. In North America, some ovarian cancers express the oncogenes of preventable human papillomavirus HPV-18. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8645. [PMID: 25721614 PMCID: PMC4342572 DOI: 10.1038/srep08645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Some researchers in other regions have recommended human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to reduce risk of ovarian cancer, but not in North America, where evidence has previously suggested no role for HPV in ovarian cancer. Here we use a large sample of ovarian cancer transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to address whether HPV is involved with ovarian cancer in North America. We estimate that a known high-risk type of HPV (type 18) is present and active in 1.5% of cases of ovarian epithelial cancers in the US and Canada. Our detection methods were verified by negative and positive controls, and our sequence matches indicated high validity, leading to strong confidence in our conclusions. Our results indicate that previous reports of zero prevalence of HPV in North American cases of ovarian cancer should not be considered conclusive. This is important because currently used vaccines protect against the HPV-18 that is active in ovarian tumors and, therefore, may reduce risk in North America of cancers of the ovaries as well as of the cervix and several other organ sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roos
- Biometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD. 20850
| | - Paul A Orlando
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, 1001 E 3rd St. Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Richard M Fagerstrom
- Biometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD. 20850
| | - John W Pepper
- 1] Biometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD. 20850 [2] Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
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Roos P. P916: Metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fuid and blood plasma from patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roos P, Svenstrup K, Danielsen ER, Thomsen C, Nielsen JE. CYP7B1: novel mutations and magnetic resonance spectroscopy abnormalities in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5A. Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 129:330-4. [PMID: 24117163 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The SPG5A subtype of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CYP7B1 gene, which encodes a steroid cytochrome P450 7α-hydroxylase. This enzyme provides the primary metabolic route for neurosteroids. Clinically, SPG5A has been characterized as a pure form of HSP with a variable age of onset, but recently a broader spectrum of phenotypes has been described. OBJECTIVE This study characterizes four unrelated SPG5A patients through clinical evaluation. METHODS The investigations included blood biochemistry, electrophysiology, brain MRI and MR spectroscopy. RESULTS One patient had saccadic pursuit eye movements in addition to a pure HSP phenotype. Motor evoked potential (MEP) examinations revealed prolonged central conduction time. MRI of the brain showed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in one patient. MRS showed elevated mI/Cr ratio in white matter in two patients; in the one patient with WMH and in one patient with normal MRI. Four novel mutations were identified; one frameshift (c.509 delT p.L170fs), one premature stop codon (c.334 C>T p.R112X), one amino acid changing (c.440 G>A p.G147D) and one duplication (c.945_947 dupGGC p.A316AA). CONCLUSION SPG5A could be characterized as a predominantly pure HSP. MRS showing elevated mI/Cr ratio in the white matter may be indicative of SPG5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Roos
- Memory Disorders Research Group; Department of Neurology; Neurogenetics Clinic; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Svenstrup
- Memory Disorders Research Group; Department of Neurology; Neurogenetics Clinic; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Section of Neurogenetics; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; The Panum Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. R. Danielsen
- Department of Radiology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Thomsen
- Department of Radiology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. E. Nielsen
- Memory Disorders Research Group; Department of Neurology; Neurogenetics Clinic; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Section of Neurogenetics; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; The Panum Institute; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Roos P, Gelfand M, Nau D, Carr R. High strength-of-ties and low mobility enable the evolution of third-party punishment. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132661. [PMID: 24335985 PMCID: PMC3871317 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As punishment can be essential to cooperation and norm maintenance but costly to the punisher, many evolutionary game-theoretic studies have explored how direct punishment can evolve in populations. Compared to direct punishment, in which an agent acts to punish another for an interaction in which both parties were involved, the evolution of third-party punishment (3PP) is even more puzzling, because the punishing agent itself was not involved in the original interaction. Despite significant empirical studies of 3PP, little is known about the conditions under which it can evolve. We find that punishment reputation is not, by itself, sufficient for the evolution of 3PP. Drawing on research streams in sociology and psychology, we implement a structured population model and show that high strength-of-ties and low mobility are critical for the evolution of responsible 3PP. Only in such settings of high social-structural constraint are punishers able to induce self-interested agents toward cooperation, making responsible 3PP ultimately beneficial to individuals as well as the collective. Our results illuminate the conditions under which 3PP is evolutionarily adaptive in populations. Responsible 3PP can evolve and induce cooperation in cases where other mechanisms alone fail to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Michele Gelfand
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dana Nau
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Carr
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Shakarian P, Roos P, Moores G. A novel analytical method for evolutionary graph theory problems. Biosystems 2013; 111:136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Van Loco J, Van Leeuwen SPJ, Roos P, Carbonnelle S, de Boer J, Goeyens L, Beernaert H. The international validation of bio- and chemical-analytical screening methods for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs: the DIFFERENCE project rounds 1 and 2. Talanta 2012; 63:1169-82. [PMID: 18969546 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The European research project DIFFERENCE is focussed on the development, optimisation and validation of screening methods for dioxin analysis, including bio-analytical and chemical techniques (CALUX, GC-LRMS/MS, GCxGC-ECD) and on the optimisation and validation of new extraction and clean-up procedures. The performance of these techniques is assessed in an international validation study and the results are compared with the reference technique GC-HRMS. This study is set up in three rounds and is in accordance with the International Harmonized Protocol for Proficiency Studies and the ISO 5725 standard. The results of the first two rounds are very promising in particular for GC-LRMS/MS. The results obtained with this technique were as accurate as the results reported by the labs using the GC-HRMS. The initial results reported for GCxGC-ECD overestimate the dioxin concentration in the samples. The results reported by the labs using the CALUX technique underestimate the total TEQ concentrations in the samples, compared to the GC-HRMS reference method. The repeatability of the CALUX is significantly higher than the other screening techniques. It was shown that accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a valid alternative extraction and clean-up procedure for fish oil and vegetable oil. The results obtained with CALUX and GC-HRMS after ASE are equivalent to the results obtained with the classical extraction and purification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van Loco
- Scientific Institute for Public Health (IPH), Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Vonk JE, Sánchez-García L, van Dongen BE, Alling V, Kosmach D, Charkin A, Semiletov IP, Dudarev OV, Shakhova N, Roos P, Eglinton TI, Andersson A, Gustafsson Ö. Activation of old carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea permafrost in Arctic Siberia. Nature 2012; 489:137-40. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Bailey SL, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano CL, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis CA, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones MK, King PM, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Micherdzinska A, Mihovilovic M, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, Page SA, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pillot P, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, van Oers WTH, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA. Measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in inclusive electroproduction of π- near the Δ0 resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:122002. [PMID: 22540573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The parity-violating (PV) asymmetry of inclusive π- production in electron scattering from a liquid deuterium target was measured at backward angles. The measurement was conducted as a part of the G0 experiment, at a beam energy of 360 MeV. The physics process dominating pion production for these kinematics is quasifree photoproduction off the neutron via the Δ0 resonance. In the context of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, this asymmetry is related to a low-energy constant d(Δ)- that characterizes the parity-violating γNΔ coupling. Zhu et al. calculated d(Δ)- in a model benchmarked by the large asymmetries seen in hyperon weak radiative decays, and predicted potentially large asymmetries for this process, ranging from A(γ)-=-5.2 to +5.2 ppm. The measurement performed in this work leads to A(γ)-=-0.36±1.06±0.37±0.03 ppm (where sources of statistical, systematic and theoretical uncertainties are included), which would disfavor enchancements considered by Zhu et al. proportional to V(ud)/V(us). The measurement is part of a program of inelastic scattering measurements that were conducted by the G0 experiment, seeking to determine the N-Δ axial transition form factors using PV electron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-41001, Croatia
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Shakarian P, Roos P, Johnson A. A review of evolutionary graph theory with applications to game theory. Biosystems 2011; 107:66-80. [PMID: 22020107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary graph theory (EGT), studies the ability of a mutant gene to overtake a finite structured population. In this review, we describe the original framework for EGT and the major work that has followed it. This review looks at the calculation of the "fixation probability" - the probability of a mutant taking over a population and focuses on game-theoretic applications. We look at varying topics such as alternate evolutionary dynamics, time to fixation, special topological cases, and game theoretic results. Throughout the review, we examine several interesting open problems that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Shakarian
- Network Science Center and Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, United States.
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Bailey SL, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano CL, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis CA, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones MK, King PM, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Micherdzinska A, Mihovilovic M, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, Page SA, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pillot P, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, van Oers WTH, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Pasquini B, Vanderhaeghen M. Transverse beam spin asymmetries at backward angles in elastic electron-proton and quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:022501. [PMID: 21797598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetries in elastic scattering of transversely polarized electrons from the proton, and performed the first measurement in quasielastic scattering on the deuteron, at backward angles (lab scattering angle of 108°) for Q² = 0.22 GeV²/c² and 0.63 GeV²/c² at beam energies of 362 and 687 MeV, respectively. The asymmetry arises due to the imaginary part of the interference of the two-photon exchange amplitude with that of single-photon exchange. Results for the proton are consistent with a model calculation which includes inelastic intermediate hadronic (πN) states. An estimate of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for the scattering from the neutron is made using a quasistatic deuterium approximation, and is also in agreement with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-41001, Croatia
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Brown JE, Gjelsvik R, Roos P, Kålås JA, Outola I, Holm E. Levels and transfer of 210Po and 210Pb in Nordic terrestrial ecosystems. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:430-437. [PMID: 20650552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments regarding environmental impact assessment methodologies for radioactivity have precipitated the need for information on levels of naturally occurring radionuclides within and transfer to wild flora and fauna. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine activity concentrations of the main dose forming radionuclides (210)Po and (210)Pb in biota from terrestrial ecosystems thus providing insight into the behaviour of these radioisotopes. Samples of soil, plants and animals were collected at Dovrefjell, Central Norway and Olkiluoto, Finland. Soil profiles from Dovrefjell exhibited an approximately exponential fall in (210)Pb activity concentrations from elevated levels in humus/surface soils to "supported" levels at depth. Activity concentrations of (210)Po in fauna (invertebrates, mammals, birds) ranged between 2 and 123 Bq kg(-1)d.w. and in plants and lichens between 20 and 138 Bq kg(-1)d.w. The results showed that soil humus is an important reservoir for (210)Po and (210)Pb and that fauna in close contact with this media may also exhibit elevated levels of (210)Po. Concentration ratios appear to have limited applicability with regards to prediction of activity concentrations of (210)Po in invertebrates and vertebrates. Biokinetic models may provide a tool to explore in a more mechanistic way the behaviour of (210)Po in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, PO Box 55, N-1332, Østerås, Norway.
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Henricsson F, Ranebo Y, Holm E, Roos P. Aspects on the analysis of 210Po. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:415-419. [PMID: 20970897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There has been little development regarding analysis of polonium (Po) in environmental samples since the 1960 ies. This is due to the straightforward spontaneous deposition of this element on silver (Ag), nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu) without any radiochemical separation. For many years, no radiochemical yield determinant was used and it was generally supposed that the yield was 100% after two depositions. Counting was often done using ZnS scintillation counter coupled to a photomultiplier tube. However, the use of the yield determinants (208)Po and (209)Po and the development of alpha spectrometry showed that the yield was lower. Furthermore, the tendency of Po to volatilize at low temperatures constrains the sample preparation techniques; dry-ashing cannot be used. But during the wet-ashing procedure, there are still some losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Po losses during wet-ashing by the use of a double-tracer technique. We have found that the losses were about 30% when open glass beakers were used and about 17% when the samples were digested in microwave oven. When long-necked bottles (Kjeldahl flasks) were used, a loss of about 20% was registered. It has also been observed that (210)Pb to some extent is plating out together with its daughter nuclide Po during the electrochemical deposition. This will result in a systematic error since an unknown amount of supported (210)Po will be produced from the (210)Pb decay depending on the fraction of (210)Pb being deposited on the disc and the waiting time between deposition and measurement of the sample. A further consequence of this is that in the assessment of the (210)Pb content in the sample, very often the remaining liquid is stored after deposition for build-up of (210)Po. Since some (210)Pb is lost on the disc, the result for (210)Pb will be too low. Both these systematic errors give rise to a too high (210)Po/(210)Pb ratio. The fraction of (210)Pb which is plating out has been assessed in this study for different matrices and is about 50-90%. During the measurement by solid state Si-detectors, some Po is evaporated in the vacuum conditions contaminating the detectors. Experiments have here been done by heating the discs after deposition which indicate that less Po is evaporated from Ag than from Ni. The losses from Ag are less than that from the other metals probably due to a deeper penetration into the surface of Po. We conclude that in most aspects, Ag is better to use than the other plating metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Henricsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Biever P, Schwab T, Roos P, Willnauer O, Denz U, Fink K, Bode C, Busch HJ. Microvascular dysfunction in patients after successful resuscitation. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3066983 DOI: 10.1186/cc9729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Researchers have invested much effort in constructing models of the state-dependent (sometimes risk-averse and sometimes risk-prone) nature of human decision making. An important open question is how state-dependent risk behavior can arise and remain prominent in populations. We believe that one part of the answer is the interplay between risk-taking and sequentiality of choices in populations subject to evolutionary population dynamics. To support this hypothesis, we provide simulation and analytical results for evolutionary lottery games, including results on evolutionary stability. We consider a parameterized class of
imitation dynamics
in which the parameter 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 yields the
replicator dynamic
with α = 1 and the
imitate-the-better
dynamic with α = 0. Our results demonstrate that for every population dynamic in this class except for the replicator dynamic, the interplay between risk-taking and sequentiality of choices allows state-dependent risk behavior to have an evolutionary advantage over expected-value maximization.
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Judge K, Botros L, Henson M, Roos P, Sakkas D. Analysis of day 2 and 5 embryo culture media samples using an in-clinic near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy procedure. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Versieren K, Heindryckx B, Qian C, Gerris J, De Sutter P, Exposito Navarro A, Ametzazurra A, Nagore D, Crisol L, Aspichueta F, Mendoza R, Matorras R, Garcia MM, Valley JK, Swinton PS, Boscardin WJ, Lue TF, P. Rinaudo, Wu MC, Bern O, Strassburger D, Komarovsky D, Kasterstein E, Komsky A, Maslansky B, Raziel A, Friedler S, Gidoni Y, Ron-El R, Tang J, Fang C, Zhang MF, Li T, Zhuang GL, Suh DS, Joo JK, Choi JR, Kim SC, JO MS, Kim KH, Lee KS, Katz-Jaffe MG, Stevens J, McCormick S, Smith R, Schoolcraft WB, Ben-Ami I, Komsky A, Strassburger D, Bern O, Komarovsky D, Kasterstein E, Maslansky B, Raziel A, Friedler S, Gidoni Y, Ron-El R, Koch J, Costello M, Kilani S, Namm A, Arend A, Aunapuu M, Joo JK, Lee KS, Choi YM, Cho JD, Sipe C, Pelts EJ, Matthews JM, Sanchez SR, Brohammer RLB, Wagner Y, Liebermann J, Uhler M, Beltsos A, Chen MJ, Guu HF, Chen YF, Yih YJ, Ho JYP, Lin TY, Ho ESC, Lopes FB, Figueira RCS, Braga DPAF, Ferreira RC, Aoki T, Iaconelli A, Borges E, Van de Velde H, Cauffman G, Verloes A, De Paepe C, Sterckx J, Van Ranst H, Devroey P, Tournaye H, Liebaers I, Santos MA, Teklenburg G, Macklon NS, Van Opstal D, Schuring-Blom GH, Krijtenburg PJ, de Vreeden-Elbertse J, Fauser BC, Baart EB, Cawood S, Doshi A, Gotts S, Serhal P, Milachich T, Petkova L, Barov D, Shterev A, Esteves TC, Balbach ST, Arauzo-Bravo MJ, Pfeiffer MJ, Boiani M, Le Gac S, van Rossem F, Esteves T, Bioani M, van den Berg A, Valeri C, Pappalardo S, De Felici M, Manna C, Ryu H, Park CY, Min SH, Choi SK, Park C, Lee SH, Kim KR, Jeong H, Chi HJ, Wittemer C, Celebi C, Viville S, Luceno Maestre F, Castilla Alcala JA, Gomez-Palomares JL, Cabello Y, Hernandez J, Marqueta J, Herrero J, Vidal E, Fernandez-Shaw S, Coroleu B, McRae C, Baskind E, Sharma V, Fisher J, Boldi Cotti P, Colasante C, Perego L, De Lauretis L, Montag M, Koster M, Nikolov A, van der Ven H, Lee SG, Lee YC, Kang SM, Kang YJ, Shin YK, Jung JH, Lim JH, Dorfmann A, Carroll K, Sisson M, Geltinger M, Yap S, Iwaszko M, Hara T, Naruse K, Matsuura K, Kodama T, Sato K, Tateaki Y, Tanaka J, Minasi MG, Scarselli F, Rubino P, Casciani V, Colasante A, Lobascio M, Alviggi E, Ferrero S, Litwicka K, Iammarrone E, Cucinelli F, Giannini PG, Tocci A, Nagy ZP, Greco E, Borini A, Tarozzi N, Fiorentin D, Bonu MA, Nadalini M, Johnson J, De Santis L, Bianchi V, Casciani V, Rubino P, Minasi MG, Colasante A, Scarselli F, Lobascio AM, Arizzi L, Iammarrone E, Litwicka K, Ferrero S, Tocci A, Piscitelli C, Cucinelli F, Nagy ZP, Greco E, Mesut N, Ciray HN, Mesut A, Aksoy T, Bahceci M, Lee YM, Chen HW, Wu P, Tzeng CR, Antonova I, Milachich T, Petkova L, Yunakova M, Chaveeva P, A. Shterev, Hlinka D, Dudas M, Rutarova J, Rezacova J, Lazarovska S, Aoi Y, Takahashi H, Saitou H, Takiue C, Kawakami N, Tone M, Hirata R, Terada S, Yoshioka N, Habara T, Hayashi N, Montagut J, Bonald F, Guillen N, Guitard V, Balu-Genvrin E, Crae E, Nogueira D, Silva J, Cunha M, Viana P, Teixeira da Silva JM, Oliveira C, Goncalves A, Barros N, Sousa M, Barros A, van de Werken C, Jahr H, Laven JSE, Baart EB, Gamiz Izquierdo P, De los Santos JM, Tejera A, Pellicer A, Romero JL, Galan A, Albert C, Santos MJDL, Adriaenssens T, Wathlet S, Segers I, Verheyen G, Van De Velde H, Coucke W, Devroey P, Smitz J, Paternot G, D'Hooghe TM, Debrock S, Spiessens C, Hwang HK, Kim HM, Lee JH, Jung YJ, Kang A, Kook MJ, Jung JY, An SJ, Kwon HC, Lee SJ, Somova O, Feskov A, Feskova I, Chumakova N, Zozulina O, Zhilkova YE, Binda M, Campo R, Van Kerkhoven G, Frederickx V, Serneels A, Roziers P, Vranken I, Lopes AS, Van Nuland A, Gordts S, Puttemans P, Valkenburg M, Gordts S, Rodriguez-Arnedo A, Ten J, Guerrero J, Lledo B, Carracedo MA, Ortiz JA, Llacer J, Bernabeu R, Usui K, Nakajo Y, Ota M, Hattori H, Kyoya T, Takisawa T, Kyono K, Ferrieres A, Poulain M, Loup V, Anahory T, Dechaud H, Hamamah S, Eckert J, Premkumar G, Lock F, Brooks S, Haque S, Cameron IT, Cheong Y, Fleming TP, Prados N, Ruiz M, Garcia-Ortega J, Vime P, Hernaez MJ, Crespo M, Fernandez-Sanchez M, Pellicer A, Hashimoto S, Kato N, Saeki K, Morimoto Y, Leung CON, Pang RTK, Liu WM, Lee KF, Yeung WSB, Wada T, Elliott T, Kahn J, Lowderman J, Wright G, Chang C, Bernal D, Kort H, Nagy Z, de los Santos JM, Escrich L, Grau N, Pellicer A, Romero JL, Escriba MJ, Escriba M, Grau N, Escrich L, de los Santos JM, Pellicer A, Romero JL, Tasker F, Hamoda H, Wilner H, Grace J, Khalaf Y, Miyaji S, Mizuno S, Horiuchi L, Haruki A, Fukuda A, Morimoto Y, Utsunomiya T, Kumasako Y, Ito H, Goto K, Koike M, Abe H, Sakamoto T, Kojima F, Koshika T, Muzii L, Magli MC, Gioia L, Scaravelli G, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Capoti A, Magli MC, Lappi M, Maggi E, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Scott L, Finn A, Kloos B, Davies D, Yamada M, Hamatani T, Akutsu H, Chikazawa N, Ogawa S, Okumura N, Mochimaru Y, Kuji N, Aoki D, Yoshimura Y, Umezawa A, Aprysko VP, Yakovenko SA, Seregina EA, Yutkin EV, Yelke H, Milik S, Candan ZN, Altin G, Unal S, Atayurt Z, Y. Kumtepe, Chung JT, Son WY, Zhang X, Tan SL, Ao A, Seli E, Botros L, Henson M, Roos P, Judge K, Sakkas D, group MSGMS, Feliciano M, Monahan D, Ermolovich E, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Mantikou E, van Echten-Arends J, Sikkema-Raddatz B, van der Veen F, Repping S, Mastenbroek S, Botros L, Seli E, Henson M, Roos P, Judge K, Sakkas D, Group MBS, Wells V, Thum MY, Abdalla HI, Machiya R, Akimoto S, Nobuyoshi T, Yoshii N, Hosaka T, Odawara Y, Heindryckx B, Vanden Meerschaut F, Lierman S, Qian C, O'Leary T, Gerris J, De Sutter P, Assou S, Haouzi D, Pellestor F, Monzo C, Dechaud H, De Vos J, Hamamah S, Conaghan J, Fischer E, Popwell J, Ryan I, Chenette P, Givens C, Schriock E, Herbert C, Ermolovich E, Monahan D, Neri QV, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Verheyen G, Camus M, Van de Velde H, Haentjens P, Devroey P, Mugica A, Esbert M, Molina JM, Garrido N, Pellicer A, Ballesteros A, Calderon G, Rossi ALS, Rocha AM, Alegretti JR, Hassun PA, Gomes LP, Criscuollo T, Serafini P, Motta ELA, Munoz M, Meseguer M, Cruz M, Perez-Cano I, Pellicer A, Gadea B, Martinez M, Fortuno S, Gundersen J, Garrido N, Cruz M, Garrido N, Perez-Cano I, Munoz M, Pellicer A, Martinez M, Gadea B, Selles E, Betersen J, Meseguer M, Le Meaux E, Assou S, Haouzi D, Loup V, Dechaud H, De Vos J, Hamamah S, Ouandaogo G, Assou S, Haouzi D, Ferrieres A, Anahory T, De Vos J, Hamamah S, Monzo C, Assou S, Haouzi D, Pellestor F, Dechaud H, De Vos J, S. Hamamah, Gismano E, Borini A, Cino I, Calzi F, Rabellotti E, Papaleo E, Bianchi V, De Santis L, Sunkara SK, Siozos A, Bolton V, Khalaf Y, Braude P, El-Toukhy T, Cho YS, Ambruosi B, Totaro P, Dell'Aquila ME, Gioacchini G, Bizzaro D, Giorgini E, Ferraris P, Sabbatini S, Carnevali O, Knaggs P, Chau A, Khalil S, Trew G, Lavery S, Jovanovic VP, Gomez R, Sauer CM, Shawber CJ, Outtz HH, Wang X, Sauer MV, Kitajewski J, Zimmermann RC, Mahrous E, Clarke H, Virant-Klun I, Bacer-Kermavner L, Mivsek J, Tomazevic T, Pozlep B, Zorn B, Vrtacnik-Bokal E, Dundure I, Bazarova J, Fodina V, Brikune J, Lakutins J, Jee B, Jo J, Lee J, Suh C, Kim S, Moon S, Shufaro Y, Lebovich M, Aizenman E, Simon A, Laufer N, A. Saada Reisch, Ribeiro MA, Pinto A, Gomes F, Silva Carvalho JL, Almeida H, Massaro FC, Petersen CG, Mauri AL, Silva LFI, Nicoletti APM, Cavagna M, Pontes A, Baruffi RLR, Oliveira JBA, Franco JG, Valcarcel A, Viglierchio MI, Tiveron M, Guidobono M, Inza R, Vilela M, Vilela M, Valcarcel A, Viglierchio MI, Kenny A, Lombardi C, Marconi G. Posters * Embryology (Embryo Selection). Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tejera A, Herrero J, Ramsing N, Pellicer A, Garrido N, Grau N, De los Santos MJ, Meseguer M, Sakkas D, Henman M, Harrison P, Botros L, Henson M, Judge K, Roos P, Guerin JF, Guillemin Y, Cornut A, Aouacheria A, Cortezzi SS, Figueira RCS, Eberlin MN, Braga DPAF, Ferreira CR, Souza GHMF, Garcia JS, Iaconelli A, Borges E, Ishikawa T, Nakajo Y, Ota M, Doshida M, Toya M, Kyono K, Drakakis P, Vlismas A, Partsinevelos G, Desmarais B, Bletsa R, Kallianidis K, Loutradis D, Antsaklis A, Kiessling A. Session 03: Novel Embryonic Markers. Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Bailey SL, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano CL, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis CA, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones M, King PM, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Mihovilovic M, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, Page SA, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pillot P, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, van Oers WTH, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA. Strange quark contributions to parity-violating asymmetries in the backward angle G0 electron scattering experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:012001. [PMID: 20366359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton and quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering at Q2=0.22 and 0.63 GeV2. They are sensitive to strange quark contributions to currents in the nucleon and the nucleon axial-vector current. The results indicate strange quark contributions of approximately < 10% of the charge and magnetic nucleon form factors at these four-momentum transfers. We also present the first measurement of anapole moment effects in the axial-vector current at these four-momentum transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-41001, Croatia
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Real J, Androić D, Armstrong D, Arvieux J, Bailey S, Beck D, Beise E, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano C, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis C, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke M, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones M, King P, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin J, McKeown R, Micherdzinska A, Mihovilovic M, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, van Oers W, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate S, Phillips S, Pillot P, Pitt M, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay W, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith G, Spayde D, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells S, Williamson S, Wood S. Recent results from the G0experiment. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100303004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sakkas D, Morita H, Botros L, Kato O, Yamashita N, Roos P. Near-infrared (NIR) analysis of day 2 embryo culture media from the cohort of patients morphologically good grade embryos. Fertil Steril 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Seli E, Botros L, Henson M, Roos P, Sakkas D. Viability scores determined by metabolomic assessment of embryo culture media correlate with IVF outcome in women undergoing single embryo transfer on day 2: a prospective multi-center study. Fertil Steril 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hardarson T, Tucker M, Seli E, Botros L, Roos P, Sakkas D. Non-invasive metabolic profiling of day 5 embryo culture media adds to the discriminatory power of blastocyst culture for single embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shapiro E, Colbeth R, Mollov I, Mollov T, Pavkovich J, Roos P, Star-Lack J, Tognina C, Starman J. WE-D-332-01: Advances in Sub-Second CT Scanning with a 64-Row Amorphous Silicon Flat Panel Imager. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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de Boulois HD, Joner EJ, Leyval C, Jakobsen I, Chen BD, Roos P, Thiry Y, Rufyikiri G, Delvaux B, Declerck S. Role and influence of mycorrhizal fungi on radiocesium accumulation by plants. J Environ Radioact 2008; 99:785-800. [PMID: 18055077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge on the contribution of mycorrhizal fungi to radiocesium immobilization and plant accumulation. These root symbionts develop extended hyphae in soils and readily contribute to the soil-to-plant transfer of some nutrients. Available data show that ecto-mycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can accumulate high concentration of radiocesium in their extraradical phase while radiocesium uptake and accumulation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is limited. Yet, both ECM and AM fungi can transport radiocesium to their host plants, but this transport is low. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi could thus either store radiocesium in their intraradical phase or limit its root-to-shoot translocation. The review discusses the impact of soil characteristics, and fungal and plant transporters on radiocesium uptake and accumulation in plants, as well as the potential role of mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dupré de Boulois
- Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Microbiologie, Croix du Sud 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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de Boulois HD, Joner EJ, Leyval C, Jakobsen I, Chen BD, Roos P, Thiry Y, Rufyikiri G, Delvaux B, Declerck S. Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on uranium accumulation by plants. J Environ Radioact 2008; 99:775-784. [PMID: 18069098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by uranium (U) occurs principally at U mining and processing sites. Uranium can have tremendous environmental consequences, as it is highly toxic to a broad range of organisms and can be dispersed in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Remediation strategies of U-contaminated soils have included physical and chemical procedures, which may be beneficial, but are costly and can lead to further environmental damage. Phytoremediation has been proposed as a promising alternative, which relies on the capacity of plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or extract contaminants from soils. In this paper, we review the role of a group of plant symbiotic fungi, i.e. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which constitute an essential link between the soil and the roots. These fungi participate in U immobilization in soils and within plant roots and they can reduce root-to-shoot translocation of U. However, there is a need to evaluate these observations in terms of their importance for phytostabilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dupré de Boulois
- Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Microbiologie, Croix du Sud 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Vergouw C, Botros L, Roos P, Lens J, Schats R, Hompes P, Burns D, Lambalk C. Metabolomic profiling by near-infrared spectroscopy as a tool to assess embryo viability: a novel, non-invasive method for embryo selection. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1499-504. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Allen AH, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Neveling R, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, Van de Wiele J, van Oers WTH, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Transverse beam spin asymmetries in forward-angle elastic electron-proton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:092301. [PMID: 17930999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. A(n) provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2gamma exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Hawthorne Allen A, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, MacLachlan GA, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Nakos M, Neveling R, Niccolai S, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, van de Wiele J, van Oers W, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Strange-quark contributions to parity-violating asymmetries in the forward g0 electron-proton scattering experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:092001. [PMID: 16197209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 < or =Q2 < or =1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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Abstract
Diaphragmatic weakness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a controversial issue and is claimed to have a neuropathic, myopathic or unknown pathogenesis. In this patient a predominantly motor neuropathy with diaphragmatic paralysis due to axonal involvement of the phrenic nerve was discovered and successfully treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogaland Central Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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Joner EJ, Roos P, Jansa J, Frossard E, Leyval C, Jakobsen I. No significant contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to transfer of radiocesium from soil to plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:6512-7. [PMID: 15528513 PMCID: PMC525231 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6512-6517.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffuse pollution by fission and activation products following nuclear accidents and weapons testing is of major public concern. Among the nuclides that pose a serious risk if they enter the human food chain are the cesium isotopes 137Cs and 134Cs (with half-lives of 30 and 2 years, respectively). The biogeochemical cycling of these isotopes in forest ecosystems is strongly affected by their preferential absorption in a range of ectomycorrhiza-forming basidiomycetes. An even more widely distributed group of symbiotic fungi are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which colonize most herbaceous plants, including many agricultural crops. These fungi are known to be more efficient than ectomycorrhizas in transporting mineral elements from soil to plants. Their role in the biogeochemical cycling of Cs is poorly known, in spite of the consequences that fungal Cs transport may have for transfer of Cs into the human food chain. This report presents the first data on transport of Cs by these fungi by use of radiotracers and compartmented growth systems where uptake by roots and mycorrhizal hyphae is distinguished. Independent experiments in three laboratories that used different combinations of fungi and host plants all demonstrated that these fungi do not contribute significantly to plant uptake of Cs. The implications of these findings for the bioavailability of radiocesium in different terrestrial ecosystems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Joner
- LIMOS-CNRS, UMR 7137 CNRS-UHP, Faculty of Sciences, H. Poincaré University Nancy 1, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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Eriksson M, Holm E, Roos P, Dahlgaard H. Distribution and flux of 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 241Am, 137Cs and 210Pb to high arctic lakes in the Thule district (Greenland). J Environ Radioact 2004; 75:285-299. [PMID: 15193794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2001] [Revised: 11/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/14/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental samples (soil, sediment and lake water) in the Thule area (NW Greenland) have been studied to assess the contamination of radionuclides originating from a nuclear weapons accident (the Thule accident in 1968). Four lakes were chosen at different distances from the point of impact with the Thule air base community situated in between. The sedimentation rates in the lakes varied from 0.4 mm a(-1) (5 mg cm(-2) a(-1)) to 1.6 mm a(-1) (82 mg cm(-2) a(-1)). With these sedimentation rates, it is not possible to resolve the (239,240)Pu global fallout peak from a possible (239,240)Pu "accident" peak in the sediment depth profiles. However, the (239,240)Pu/(137)Cs and the (238)Pu/(239,240)Pu ratios agreed well with global fallout ratios, indicating that plutonium originating from the accident had not reached these lakes. This also indicates that the Thule air base community has probably only been exposed to radionuclides from the accident to a very limited extent. A limited study showed that (210)Pb could not be used as a normalizing nuclide to explain the transport of transuranic elements from the catchment area to the lake, i.e. (210)Pb has a different transport mechanism from that of the transuranic elements studied in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eriksson
- Risø National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Lindahl P, Ellmark C, Gäfvert T, Mattsson S, Roos P, Holm E, Erlandsson B. Long-term study of 99Tc in the marine environment on the Swedish west coast. J Environ Radioact 2003; 67:145-156. [PMID: 12660046 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(02)00176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of (99)Tc in brown seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus) and seawater were analysed in samples collected in 1991, 1995 and 2001 at several stations along the Swedish west coast. In addition to these locations, a well-defined site (Särdal, 56.76 degrees N, 12.63 degrees E) was included with (99)Tc activity concentration data in seaweed from 1967 to 2000. Over the years, the major source of (99)Tc in the coastal waters of western Sweden has been the radioactive liquid discharge from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Sellafield (UK) transported via ocean currents in the North Sea. The (99)Tc activity concentration in seaweed at the Särdal site increased from approximately 30 Bq kg(-1) up to 230 Bq kg(-1) (dry weight) between 1997 and 2000 due to the Sellafield EARP (Enhanced Actinide Removal Plant) discharges in 1995-1996, yielding an approximate transport time of 4-5 years between the Irish Sea and the Kattegat. Due to the very sharp gradient in (99)Tc concentration between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, (99)Tc is presently one of the best transit tracers for the recent ventilation events in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lindahl
- Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Vintró LL, McMahon CA, Mitchell PI, Josefsson D, Holm E, Roos P. Transport of plutonium in surface and sub-surface waters from the Arctic shelf to the North Pole via the Lomonosov Ridge. J Environ Radioact 2002; 60:73-89. [PMID: 11936615 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(01)00097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New data on the levels and long-range transport of plutonium in the Arctic Ocean, recorded in the course of two expeditions to this zone in 1994 and 1996, are discussed in this paper. Specifically, approximately 100 plutonium measurements in surface and sub-surface water sampled at 58 separate stations throughout the Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas, as well as along latitudinal transects across the Lomonosov Ridge, are reported and interpreted in terms of the circulation pathways responsible for the transport of this element from the North Atlantic to the Arctic Shelf and into the Arctic interior. In addition, the behaviour of plutonium in its transit through the vast Arctic shelf seas to open waters under extreme environmental conditions is discussed in terms of the partitioning of plutonium between filtered (<0.45 microm) seawater and suspended particulate, and its association with colloidal matter. Finally, limited evidence of the presence of a colloidal plutonium component in Arctic waters subject to direct riverine input is adduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- L León Vintró
- Department of Experimental Physics, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Belfield.
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Gaskell D, Ahmidouch A, Ambrozewicz P, Anklin H, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Bailey K, Baker OK, Beedoe S, Beise B, Breuer H, Brown DS, Carlini R, Cha J, Chant N, Cowley A, Danagoulian S, De Schepper D, Dunne J, Dutta D, Ent R, Gan L, Gasparian A, Geesaman DF, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gueye P, Harvey M, Hashimoto O, Hinton W, Hofman G, Jackson C, Jackson HE, Keppel C, Kinney E, Koltenuk D, Kyle G, Lung A, Mack D, McKee D, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, O'Neill TG, Papavassiliou V, Potterveld D, Reinhold J, Roos P, Sawafta R, Segel R, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Takahashi T, Tang L, Terburg B, Van Westrum D, Volmer J, Welch TP, Wood S, Yuan L, Zeidman B, Zihlmann B. Longitudinal electroproduction of charged pions from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:202301. [PMID: 11690468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections for charged pion electroproduction from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He were measured at Q(2) = 0.4 (GeV/c)(2) for two values of the invariant mass, W = 1.15 GeV and W = 1.60 GeV, in a search for a mass dependence which would signal the effect of nuclear pions. This is the first such study that includes recoil momenta significantly above the Fermi surface. The longitudinal cross section, if dominated by the pion-pole process, should be sensitive to nuclear pion currents. Comparisons of the longitudinal cross section target ratios to a quasifree calculation reveal a significant suppression in (3)He at W = 1.60 GeV. The W = 1.15 GeV results are consistent with simple estimates of the effect of nuclear pion currents, but are also consistent with pure quasifree production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gaskell
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Schulte EC, Ahmidouch A, Armstrong CS, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Avery S, Baker OK, Beck DH, Blok HP, Bochna CW, Boeglin W, Bosted PY, Bouwhuis M, Breuer H, Brown DS, Bruell A, Cadman RV, Carlini R, Chant NS, Cochran A, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Day DB, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Ent R, Fenker HC, Fox B, Gan L, Gao H, Garrow K, Gaskell D, Gasparian A, Geesaman DF, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gueye P, Harvey M, Holt RJ, Jackson HE, Jiang X, Keppel CE, Kinney ER, Liang Y, Lorenzon W, Lung AF, Mack DJ, Markowitz PE, Martin J, McIlhany K, McKee D, Meekins DG, Miller MA, Milner RG, Mitchell JH, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller BA, Nathan AM, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, O'Neill TG, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Piercey RB, Potterveld DH, Ransome RD, Reinhold J, Rollinde E, Roos P, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Sawafta R, Segbefia E, Shin T, Stepanyan S, Strauch S, Sutter MF, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Tieulent R, Uzzle A, Vulcan WF, Wood SA, Xiong F, Yuan L, Zeier M, Zihlmann B, Ziskin V. Measurement of the high energy two-body deuteron photodisintegration differential cross section. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:102302. [PMID: 11531475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The first measurements of the d(gamma,p)n differential cross section at forward angles and photon energies above 4 GeV were performed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The results indicate evidence of an angular dependent scaling threshold. Results at straight theta(cm) = 37 degrees are consistent with the constituent counting rules for E(gamma) greater, similar 4 GeV, while those at 70 degrees are consistent with the constituent counting rules for E(gamma) greater, similar 1.5 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Schulte
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Zhu H, Ahmidouch A, Anklin H, Arenhövel H, Armstrong C, Bernet C, Boeglin W, Breuer H, Brindza P, Brown D, Bültmann S, Carlini R, Chant N, Cowley A, Crabb D, Danagoulian S, Day DB, Eden T, Ent R, Farah Y, Fatemi R, Garrow K, Harris C, Hauger M, Honegger A, Jourdan J, Kaufmann M, Khandaker M, Kubon G, Lichtenstadt J, Lindgren R, Lourie R, Lung A, Mack D, Malik S, Markowitz P, McFarlane K, McKee P, McNulty D, Milanovich G, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Mühlbauer M, Petitjean T, Prok Y, Rohe D, Rollinde E, Rondon OA, Roos P, Sawafta R, Sick I, Smith C, Southern T, Steinacher M, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, Tobias A, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wöhrle H, Wood S, Yan C, Zeier M, Zhao J, Zihlmann B. Measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron through d-->(e-->,e(')n)p at Q2 = 0.5 (GeV/c)(2). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:081801. [PMID: 11497934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement using a solid polarized target of the neutron electric form factor G(n)(E) via d-->(e-->,e(')n)p. G(n)(E) was determined from the beam-target asymmetry in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized deuterated ammonia ( 15ND3). The measurement was performed in Hall C at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in quasifree kinematics with the target polarization perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons in a large solid angle segmented detector. We find G(n)(E) = 0.04632+/-0.00616(stat)+/-0.00341(syst) at Q2 = 0.495 (GeV/c)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhu
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22903, USA
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Lundström M, Roos P, Brege KG, Florén I, Stenevi U, Thorburn W. Cataract surgery and effectiveness. 2. An index approach for the measurement of output and efficiency of cataract surgery at different surgery departments. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79:147-53. [PMID: 11284752 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.079002147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a model for comparing the performance of cataract surgery among ophthalmology departments in terms of economic efficiency. METHODS An index approach for the measurement of outcome of cataract surgery is modeled. The index approach uses information about activities and difficulties in daily life as well as visual acuity and age. The change in activities and difficulties after surgery is expressed by changes in distances, and an overall index score is calculated as ratios of values to distances. Values to distances are estimated as solutions to linear programming problems. Index scores are calculated for two groups of patients, those with an ocular co-morbidity and those without. Economic efficiency is also estimated by use of an index approach. In the estimation of efficiency we use the calculated index scores of outcome of surgery as a measure of output of the ophthalmology department. Four different departments providing cataract surgery are compared. RESULTS The studied departments showed differences to a great extent when traditional measures of cataract surgery outcomes were used. These differences changed when the outcomes were compared by use of index scores. When economic efficiency was calculated the difference between the departments was further reduced and only one department was considered inefficient according to the model. CONCLUSION An index approach was used to study outcomes of cataract surgery and economic efficiency in four departments. This approach takes into account the complexity of cost in relation to feasible outcome. The ranking between the departments described by traditional methods turned out differently using the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lundström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden.
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Abstract
We have studied a phosphate rock plant which produces dicalcium phosphate (DCP), used as a source of calcium and phosphorus for domestic animals. A by-product in the manufacturing process is calcium chloride which is used in the oil industry, the food industry and as road-salt. The objectives of our study were to describe the fluxes of radionuclides from the 238U decay series and to estimate the radiation doses to workers at the plant. The radionuclides in the phosphate rock were found to be in secular radioactive equilibrium with 238U, with an average activity concentration of 837 Bq kg-1. Separation and concentration processes were observed at different stages in the plant. Most of the 226Ra was found in the calcium chloride, while the major part of the 238U, about 950 Bq kg-1, was found in the dicalcium phosphate. The annual occupational effective dose to the workers was found to be below the 1 mSv limit recommended by ICRP (1991a) for the public. This study has shown a good example of an important non-nuclear industry with a high input of natural radionuclides with several conceivable pathways to man.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gäfvert
- Department of Radiation Physics, Jubileum Institute, Lund University, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Lundström M, Brege KG, Florén I, Roos P, Stenevi U, Thorburn W. Cataract surgery and effectiveness. 1. Variation in costs between different providers of cataract surgery. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000; 78:335-9. [PMID: 10893068 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2000.078003335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and analyse the cost of cataract surgery in four community-run eye clinics in Sweden and also to analyse differences in cost between these clinics. METHODS The average cost of a cataract surgery episode was calculated including one pre-operative visit, the surgery itself and the post-operative visits. Included in the analysis were the costs of disposables, personnel, rent, depreciation, general anaesthesia, bed days and education. Excluded were the costs of complications and overhead costs. RESULTS The average cost for one cataract surgery episode was 5052/6915 SEK (1 Euro = 8.57 SEK) with a variation from 4436/6202 to 6130/8293 between the clinics. The lower sum represents a minimum cost of personnel, the higher sum a maximum cost. CONCLUSION A large variation in costs of cataract surgery was found in four providers of cataract surgery. Nearly all clinics studied had one or more areas with much higher costs than average.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lundström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden.
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Sarkaria JN, Busby EC, Tibbetts RS, Roos P, Taya Y, Karnitz LM, Abraham RT. Inhibition of ATM and ATR kinase activities by the radiosensitizing agent, caffeine. Cancer Res 1999; 59:4375-82. [PMID: 10485486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine exposure sensitizes tumor cells to ionizing radiation and other genotoxic agents. The radiosensitizing effects of caffeine are associated with the disruption of multiple DNA damage-responsive cell cycle checkpoints. The similarity of these checkpoint defects to those seen in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) suggested that caffeine might inhibit one or more components in an A-T mutated (ATM)-dependent checkpoint pathway in DNA-damaged cells. We now show that caffeine inhibits the catalytic activity of both ATM and the related kinase, ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), at drug concentrations similar to those that induce radiosensitization. Moreover, like ATM-deficient cells, caffeine-treated A549 lung carcinoma cells irradiated in G2 fail to arrest progression into mitosis, and S-phase-irradiated cells exhibit radioresistant DNA synthesis. Similar concentrations of caffeine also inhibit gamma- and UV radiation-induced phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15, a modification that may be directly mediated by the ATM and ATR kinases. DNA-dependent protein kinase, another ATM-related protein involved in DNA damage repair, was resistant to the inhibitory effects of caffeine. Likewise, the catalytic activity of the G2 checkpoint kinase, hChk1, was only marginally suppressed by caffeine but was inhibited potently by the structurally distinct radiosensitizer, UCN-01. These data suggest that the radiosensitizing effects of caffeine are related to inhibition of the protein kinase activities of ATM and ATR and that both proteins are relevant targets for the development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Sarkaria
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Abstract
I-Ad molecules harboring single amino acid changes in the conserved 80-82 region of the beta-chain show altered trafficking in invariant chain (Ii)-negative cell lines. Since residues beta81 and beta82 form hydrogen bonds with the backbone of bound peptide, alterations in this region may result in distinct MHC class II conformers that are targeted aberrantly. We examined the assembly and peptide binding properties of the mutant I-Ad molecules generated by in vitro translation. Indeed, loss of a single hydrogen bond at beta81, or of two hydrogen bonds at beta82, is sufficient to render I-Ad incapable of stable interaction with CLIP and other antigenic peptides, despite normal assembly with intact invariant chain. These results suggest that stable interaction of MHC class II molecules with peptide requires the integrity of the H-bond network between residues in the MHC class II alpha-helices and bound peptide, and that conformational features revealed by stable peptide binding are critical for MHC class II intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Bryant
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li XF, Liu CS, Roos P, Hansen EB, Cerniglia CE, Dovichi NJ. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation and thermo-optical absorbance detection of five tricyclic antidepressants and metabolism of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:3178-82. [PMID: 9932812 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed a technique based on nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and laser-based thermo-optical absorbance detection to assay five antidepressants with similar structures and mass-to-charge ratios. A mixture of methanol and acetonitrile with ammonium acetate was essential to achieve baseline resolution of these compounds. We investigated the effects of ammonium acetate concentration, temperature, applied voltage, and capillary length on separation efficiency. The nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and laser-based thermo-optical absorbance detection technique was used to study the metabolism of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans. Sample preparation procedures were simplified for fast screening of the parent drug and its metabolites. Reproducible electropherograms were obtained from replicate cultures of C. elegans growing in the presence of amitriptyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Sciex, MDS Health Group, Concord, Ontario, Canada
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