1
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Mathison CJN, Yang Y, Nelson J, Huang Z, Jiang J, Chianelli D, Rucker PV, Roland J, Xie YF, Epple R, Bursulaya B, Lee C, Gao MY, Shaffer J, Briones S, Sarkisova Y, Galkin A, Li L, Li N, Li C, Hua S, Kasibhatla S, Kinyamu-Akunda J, Kikkawa R, Molteni V, Tellew JE. Antitarget Selectivity and Tolerability of Novel Pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine RET Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1912-1919. [PMID: 34917254 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective inhibition of RET kinase as a treatment for relevant cancer types including lung adenocarcinoma has garnered considerable interest in recent years and prompted a variety of efforts toward the discovery of small-molecule therapeutics. Hits uncovered via the analysis of archival kinase data ultimately led to the identification of a promising pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. The optimization of this pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine core resulted in compound 1, which demonstrated potent in vitro RET kinase inhibition and robust in vivo efficacy in RET-driven tumor xenografts upon multiday dosing in mice. The administration of 1 was well-tolerated at established efficacious doses (10 and 30 mg/kg, po, qd), and plasma exposure levels indicated a minimal risk of KDR or hERG inhibition in vivo, as evaluated by Miles assay and free plasma concentrations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. N. Mathison
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Nelson
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhihong Huang
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jiqing Jiang
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Donatella Chianelli
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul V. Rucker
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason Roland
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yun Feng Xie
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Epple
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christian Lee
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mu-Yun Gao
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Shaffer
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sergio Briones
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yelena Sarkisova
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anna Galkin
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lintong Li
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nanxin Li
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chun Li
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Su Hua
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shailaja Kasibhatla
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqueline Kinyamu-Akunda
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Rie Kikkawa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John E. Tellew
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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2
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Mathison CJN, Chianelli D, Rucker PV, Nelson J, Roland J, Huang Z, Yang Y, Jiang J, Xie YF, Epple R, Bursulaya B, Lee C, Gao MY, Shaffer J, Briones S, Sarkisova Y, Galkin A, Li L, Li N, Li C, Hua S, Kasibhatla S, Kinyamu-Akunda J, Kikkawa R, Molteni V, Tellew JE. Efficacy and Tolerability of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine RET Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:558-565. [PMID: 32292564 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RET (REarranged during Transfection) kinase gain-of-function aberrancies have been identified as potential oncogenic drivers in lung adenocarcinoma, along with several other cancer types, prompting the discovery and assessment of selective inhibitors. Internal mining and analysis of relevant kinase data informed the decision to investigate a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold, where subsequent optimization led to the identification of compound WF-47-JS03 (1), a potent RET kinase inhibitor with >500-fold selectivity against KDR (Kinase insert Domain Receptor) in cellular assays. In subsequent mouse in vivo studies, compound 1 demonstrated effective brain penetration and was found to induce strong regression of RET-driven tumor xenografts at a well-tolerated dose (10 mg/kg, po, qd). Higher doses of 1, however, were poorly tolerated in mice, similar to other pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds at or near the efficacious dose, and indicative of the narrow therapeutic windows seen with this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. N. Mathison
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Donatella Chianelli
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul V. Rucker
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Nelson
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason Roland
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhihong Huang
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jiqing Jiang
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yun Feng Xie
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Epple
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christian Lee
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mu-Yun Gao
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Shaffer
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sergio Briones
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yelena Sarkisova
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anna Galkin
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lintong Li
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nanxin Li
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chun Li
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Su Hua
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shailaja Kasibhatla
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqueline Kinyamu-Akunda
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Rie Kikkawa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John E. Tellew
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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3
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Chianelli D, Rucker PV, Roland J, Tully DC, Nelson J, Liu X, Bursulaya B, Hernandez ED, Wu J, Prashad M, Schlama T, Liu Y, Chu A, Schmeits J, Huang DJ, Hill R, Bao D, Zoll J, Kim Y, Groessl T, McNamara P, Liu B, Richmond W, Sancho-Martinez I, Phimister A, Seidel HM, Badman MK, Joseph SB, Laffitte B, Molteni V. Nidufexor (LMB763), a Novel FXR Modulator for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3868-3880. [PMID: 31940200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists are emerging as important potential therapeutics for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, as they exert positive effects on multiple aspects of the disease. FXR agonists reduce lipid accumulation in the liver, hepatocellular inflammation, hepatic injury, and fibrosis. While there are currently no approved therapies for NASH, the bile acid-derived FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA; 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid) has shown promise in clinical studies. Previously, we described the discovery of tropifexor (LJN452), the most potent non-bile acid FXR agonist currently in clinical investigation. Here, we report the discovery of a novel chemical series of non-bile acid FXR agonists based on a tricyclic dihydrochromenopyrazole core from which emerged nidufexor (LMB763), a compound with partial FXR agonistic activity in vitro and FXR-dependent gene modulation in vivo. Nidufexor has advanced to Phase 2 human clinical trials in patients with NASH and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Chianelli
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul V Rucker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason Roland
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David C Tully
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - John Nelson
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eloy D Hernandez
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jane Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mahavir Prashad
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | | | - Yugang Liu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Alan Chu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Schmeits
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David J Huang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Hill
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dingjiu Bao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jocelyn Zoll
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Young Kim
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Todd Groessl
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wendy Richmond
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ignacio Sancho-Martinez
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew Phimister
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - H Martin Seidel
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael K Badman
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sean B Joseph
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, California 92121, United States
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4
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Hernandez ED, Zheng L, Kim Y, Fang B, Liu B, Valdez RA, Dietrich WF, Rucker PV, Chianelli D, Schmeits J, Bao D, Zoll J, Dubois C, Federe GC, Chen L, Joseph SB, Klickstein LB, Walker J, Molteni V, McNamara P, Meeusen S, Tully DC, Badman MK, Xu J, Laffitte B. Tropifexor-Mediated Abrogation of Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis Is Associated With the Antioxidative Gene Expression Profile in Rodents. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1085-1097. [PMID: 31388629 PMCID: PMC6672390 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonism is emerging as an important potential therapeutic mechanism of action for multiple chronic liver diseases. The bile acid‐derived FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) has shown promise in a phase 2 study in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we report efficacy of the novel nonbile acid FXR agonist tropifexor (LJN452) in two distinct preclinical models of NASH. The efficacy of tropifexor at <1 mg/kg doses was superior to that of OCA at 25 mg/kg in the liver in both NASH models. In a chemical and dietary model of NASH (Stelic animal model [STAM]), tropifexor reversed established fibrosis and reduced the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score and hepatic triglycerides. In an insulin‐resistant obese NASH model (amylin liver NASH model [AMLN]), tropifexor markedly reduced steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and profibrogenic gene expression. Transcriptome analysis of livers from AMLN mice revealed 461 differentially expressed genes following tropifexor treatment that included a combination of signatures associated with reduction of oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and inflammation. Conclusion: Based on preclinical validation in animal models, tropifexor is a promising investigational therapy that is currently under phase 2 development for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy D Hernandez
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Lianxing Zheng
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Cambridge MA
| | - Young Kim
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Bin Fang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Bo Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Reginald A Valdez
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Cambridge MA.,Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Amgen, Inc. Cambridge MA
| | | | - Paul V Rucker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | | | - James Schmeits
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Dingjiu Bao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Jocelyn Zoll
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Claire Dubois
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA.,Inception Sciences, Inc. San Diego CA
| | - Glenn C Federe
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Lihao Chen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Cambridge MA
| | - Sean B Joseph
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA.,California Institute for Biomedical Research La Jolla CA
| | | | - John Walker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | | | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Shelly Meeusen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - David C Tully
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Emeryville CA
| | | | - Jie Xu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation La Jolla CA.,Inception Sciences, Inc. San Diego CA
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5
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Tully DC, Rucker PV, Chianelli D, Williams J, Vidal A, Alper PB, Mutnick D, Bursulaya B, Schmeits J, Wu X, Bao D, Zoll J, Kim Y, Groessl T, McNamara P, Seidel HM, Molteni V, Liu B, Phimister A, Joseph SB, Laffitte B. Discovery of Tropifexor (LJN452), a Highly Potent Non-bile Acid FXR Agonist for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). J Med Chem 2017; 60:9960-9973. [PMID: 29148806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor that acts as a master regulator of bile acid metabolism and signaling. Activation of FXR inhibits bile acid synthesis and increases bile acid conjugation, transport, and excretion, thereby protecting the liver from the harmful effects of bile accumulation, leading to considerable interest in FXR as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cholestasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We identified a novel series of highly potent non-bile acid FXR agonists that introduce a bicyclic nortropine-substituted benzothiazole carboxylic acid moiety onto a trisubstituted isoxazole scaffold. Herein, we report the discovery of 1 (tropifexor, LJN452), a novel and highly potent agonist of FXR. Potent in vivo activity was demonstrated in rodent PD models by measuring the induction of FXR target genes in various tissues. Tropifexor has advanced into phase 2 human clinical trials in patients with NASH and PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Tully
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Paul V Rucker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Donatella Chianelli
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Williams
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Agnès Vidal
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Phil B Alper
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel Mutnick
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Schmeits
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dingjiu Bao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jocelyn Zoll
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Young Kim
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Todd Groessl
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - H Martin Seidel
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew Phimister
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sean B Joseph
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation , San Diego, California 92121, United States
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6
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Choi HS, Rucker PV, Wang Z, Fan Y, Albaugh P, Chopiuk G, Gessier F, Sun F, Adrian F, Liu G, Hood T, Li N, Jia Y, Che J, McCormack S, Li A, Li J, Steffy A, Culazzo A, Tompkins C, Phung V, Kreusch A, Lu M, Hu B, Chaudhary A, Prashad M, Tuntland T, Liu B, Harris J, Seidel HM, Loren J, Molteni V. (R)-2-Phenylpyrrolidine Substituted Imidazopyridazines: A New Class of Potent and Selective Pan-TRK Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:562-7. [PMID: 26005534 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated kinase activities of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) family members have been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in a variety of cancer types. In particular, several chromosomal rearrangements involving TRKA have been reported in colorectal, papillary thyroid, glioblastoma, melanoma, and lung tissue that are believed to be the key oncogenic driver in these tumors. By screening the Novartis compound collection, a novel imidazopyridazine TRK inhibitor was identified that served as a launching point for drug optimization. Structure guided drug design led to the identification of (R)-2-phenylpyrrolidine substituted imidazopyridazines as a series of potent, selective, orally bioavailable pan-TRK inhibitors achieving tumor regression in rats bearing KM12 xenografts. From this work the (R)-2-phenylpyrrolidine has emerged as an ideal moiety to incorporate in bicyclic TRK inhibitors by virtue of its shape complementarity to the hydrophobic pocket of TRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Soon Choi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul V. Rucker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yi Fan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pamela Albaugh
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Greg Chopiuk
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Francois Gessier
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Fangxian Sun
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Francisco Adrian
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Guoxun Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tami Hood
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nanxin Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yong Jia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jianwei Che
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Susan McCormack
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Allen Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Auzon Steffy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - AnneMarie Culazzo
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Celine Tompkins
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Van Phung
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andreas Kreusch
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Min Lu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Apurva Chaudhary
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mahavir Prashad
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tove Tuntland
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - H. Martin Seidel
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jon Loren
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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7
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Selness SR, Boehm TL, Walker JK, Devadas B, Durley RC, Kurumbail R, Shieh H, Xing L, Hepperle M, Rucker PV, Jerome KD, Benson AG, Marrufo LD, Madsen HM, Hitchcock J, Owen TJ, Christie L, Promo MA, Hickory BS, Alvira E, Naing W, Blevis-Bal R, Devraj RV, Messing D, Schindler JF, Hirsch J, Saabye M, Bonar S, Webb E, Anderson G, Monahan JB. Design, synthesis and activity of a potent, selective series of N -aryl pyridinone inhibitors of p38 kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4059-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Selness SR, Devraj RV, Devadas B, Walker JK, Boehm TL, Durley RC, Shieh H, Xing L, Rucker PV, Jerome KD, Benson AG, Marrufo LD, Madsen HM, Hitchcock J, Owen TJ, Christie L, Promo MA, Hickory BS, Alvira E, Naing W, Blevis-Bal R, Messing D, Yang J, Mao MK, Yalamanchili G, Vonder Embse R, Hirsch J, Saabye M, Bonar S, Webb E, Anderson G, Monahan JB. Discovery of PH-797804, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4066-71. [PMID: 21641211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR studies of a novel N-aryl pyridinone class of p38 kinase inhibitors are described. Systematic structural modifications to the HTS lead, 5, led to the identification of (-)-4a as a clinical candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the chiral synthesis and properties of (-)-4a are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun R Selness
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Corporation, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States.
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9
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Selness SR, Devraj RV, Monahan JB, Boehm TL, Walker JK, Devadas B, Durley RC, Kurumbail R, Shieh H, Xing L, Hepperle M, Rucker PV, Jerome KD, Benson AG, Marrufo LD, Madsen HM, Hitchcock J, Owen TJ, Christie L, Promo MA, Hickory BS, Alvira E, Naing W, Blevis-Bal R. Discovery of N-substituted pyridinones as potent and selective inhibitors of p38 kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5851-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Xia S, Kenesky CS, Rucker PV, Smith AB, Orr GA, Horwitz SB. A Photoaffinity Analogue of Discodermolide Specifically Labels a Peptide in β-Tubulin. Biochemistry 2006; 45:11762-75. [PMID: 17002277 DOI: 10.1021/bi060497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discodermolide is a potentially important antitumor agent that stabilizes microtubules and blocks cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in a manner similar to that of Taxol. Discodermolide also has unique properties that distinguish it from Taxol. In the present study, photoaffinity-labeled discodermolide analogues are used to investigate their binding site in tubulin. Three photoaffinity-labeled discodermolide analogues were synthesized, all of which promoted microtubule polymerization in the absence of GTP. The analogue, C19-[4-(4-(3)H-benzoyl-phenyl)-carbamate]-discodermolide (C19-[3H]BPC-discodermolide), was selected for photolabeling studies because it had the highest extent of photoincorporation, approximately 1%, of the three radiolabeled discodermolide analogues explored. Although compared to discodermolide, C19-BPC-discodermolide revealed no hypernucleation effect in the in vitro microtubule polymerization assay, it was more cytotoxic than discodermolide, and, like discodermolide, demonstrated synergism with Taxol. These results suggest that the hypernucleation effect of discodermolide is not involved in its cytotoxic activity. Similar to discodermolide, C19-BPC-discodermolide can effectively displace [3H]Taxol from microtubules, but Taxol cannot effectively displace C19-[3H]BPC-discodermolide binding. Discodermolide can effectively displace C19-[3H]BPC-discodermolide binding. Formic acid hydrolysis, immunoprecipitation experiments, and subtilisin digestion indicate that C19-BPC-discodermolide labels amino acid residues 305-433 in beta-tubulin. Further digestion with Asp-N and Arg-C enzymes suggested that C19-BPC-discodermolide binds to amino acid residues, 355-359, in beta-tubulin, which is in close proximity to the Taxol binding site. Molecular modeling guided by the above evidence led to a putative binding model for C19-BPC-discodermolide in tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Xia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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11
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Smith AB, Rucker PV, Brouard I, Freeze BS, Xia S, Horwitz SB. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Discodermolide Fluorescent and Photoaffinity Molecular Probes. Org Lett 2005; 7:5199-202. [PMID: 16268537 DOI: 10.1021/ol0520166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of (+)-discodermolide molecular probes possessing photoaffinity and fluorescent appendages has been achieved. Stereoselective olefin cross-metathesis comprised a key tactic for construction of two of the molecular probes. Three photoaffinity probes were radiolabeled with tritium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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12
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Smith AB, Freeze BS, Lamarche MJ, Hirose T, Brouard I, Rucker PV, Xian M, Sundermann KF, Shaw SJ, Burlingame MA, Horwitz SB, Myles DC. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Carbamate-Substituted Analogues of (+)-Discodermolide. Org Lett 2004; 7:311-4. [PMID: 15646985 DOI: 10.1021/ol047686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] The design, syntheses, and biological evaluation of 22 totally synthetic analogues of the potent microtubule-stabilizing agent (+)-discodermolide (1) have been achieved. Structure-activity relationships of the C(19) carbamate were defined, exploiting two synthetically simplified scaffolds, as well as the parent (+)-discodermolide framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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O'Connor SJ, Overman LE, Rucker PV. Use of Sequential Intramolecular Heck Cyclizations for Preparing Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane Fragments of Tetracyclic Stemodane and Stemarane Diterpenes. Synlett 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Hynes J, Overman LE, Nasser T, Rucker PV. Intramolecular Heck cyclization of α-sulfenyl enol triflates. Asymmetric synthesis of a pentacyclic cardenolide precursor having functionality at C-11. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Chemistry, 516 Physical Sciences 1, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Castoro JA, Rucker PV, Wilkins CL. Energy deposition in iron pentacarbonyl ions undergoing surface-induced dissociation in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1992; 3:445-450. [PMID: 24243054 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(92)87071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/1991] [Revised: 10/07/1991] [Accepted: 10/11/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Internal energy deposition into iron pentacarbonyl positive ions undergoing surface-induced dissociation (SID) in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer is estimated from the abundances and known critical energies of the product fragment ions. A narrow energy distribution, comparable to that reported in earlier BQ and tandem quadrupole SID studies of the same compound, is observed. As judged by the ratio of fragment ions to incident parent ions observed, SID of iron pentacarbonyl in the 3 T Fourier transform mass spectrometer is more efficient, but results in lower conversion of laboratory to internal energy. This may be a result of the more shallow collision incidence angle employed in the Fourier transform mass spectrometer measurements (a few degrees), which contrasts with the 32-60° collision angles used in the earlier BQ and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry studies. Collision-induced dissociation with He under single collision conditions is also reported, Not unexpectedly, conversion of kinetic to internal energy was lower than found in a previous Fourier transform mass spectrometer study of the iron pentacarbonyl cation employing argon as collision gas under multiple collision conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Castoro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
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