1
|
Grayson MH, Williams PV. Defining remission in asthma care. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:691. [PMID: 37690607 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.08.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Grayson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Paul V Williams
- Division of Allergy/Inflammation, University of Washington School of Medicine Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams PV, Fasano MB, Fleisher T. Preparing the Allergist/Immunologist for the Next Pandemic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:3373-3379. [PMID: 37541618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on society in general and allergists' practices in particular. The adverse effects included a loss of practice productivity and income, staffing, and in-office procedures due to concerns about the spread of infection and the need for social/physical distancing as well as isolation. Allergy training programs and research activities also suffered. Federal financial assistance, rapid adoption of telehealth with Medicare waivers, and adaptation of practice sites, training programs, and research activities allowed for some return to normal, although still with significant restrictions in staffing and in-office procedures. There were positive aspects to the pandemic in the form of telehealth initiatives, pathways for rapid development and approval of tests and treatments, opportunities for new collaborations, and expertise in vaccines. Preparation for the next pandemic needs to be considered now to avoid the mistakes and missteps that occurred with the COVID-19 pandemic. On a national level, a strategy to overcome the societal divisions, misinformation/disinformation, and distrust of science needs to be developed based on better communication, as well as advocacy for continued improvement in our public health system. Practices and training programs as well as research centers need to institutionalize changes made during the pandemic so they can quickly be reinitiated when necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Mary Beth Fasano
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Thomas Fleisher
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Williams PV, Stukus DR, Virant FS, Bansal P. Have the rules of engagement changed?: Clinic visits in 2022 and beyond. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 128:129-131. [PMID: 34481991 PMCID: PMC8411584 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Williams
- Division of Allergy/Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, Camano Island, Washington.
| | - David R Stukus
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Frank S Virant
- Division of Allergy/Inflammation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, Camano Island, Washington
| | - Priya Bansal
- Asthma and Allergy Wellness Center, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Saint Charles, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Chronic urticaria is an uncommon disorder in children but can present considerable morbidity, as well as frustration for the healthcare provider and parent. The prevalence is 0.1-0.3% but can vary considerably by country. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (no identifiable cause) is responsible for 70-80% of chronic urticaria, about half of this due to a subtype called chronic autoimmune urticaria identified by the presence of autoantibodies to IgE or the IgE receptor. Chronic urticaria that is triggered by external physical stimuli is called chronic inducible urticaria and is present in another 15-20%. Allergies, infection, and other underlying diseases such as thyroid disease, celiac disease, or Helicobacter pylori infection cause a minor proportion of cases. Chronic urticaria has considerable impact on quality of life and healthcare costs. An adverse impact on quality of life is more prevalent in older children and adolescents and can be comparable to other diseases of childhood such as diabetes and epilepsy. Healthcare costs can be 50% higher than the national estimates for healthy patients and include more hospitalizations, longer duration of hospitalizations, and more emergency department (ED) and outpatient visits. Allergic and autoimmune diseases can be comorbidities that add to healthcare utilization. Resolution can take years. Guidelines are available for diagnosis and treatment. A good history is the key to identifying the cause. Minimal laboratory tests are required and should be guided by the history. Patients with easily controlled urticaria may not need any laboratory tests. Suggested treatment emphasizes the use of non-sedating antihistamines, utilized in a step-wise fashion beginning with normal doses and advancing the dose based on the response up to four times the recommended dose for age. Other treatments are left to the urticaria specialist and are not discussed in this paper. These guidelines are not well utilized based on real-world studies; sedating antihistamines and oral steroids are overutilized. Medications should be taken daily, not as needed. Additional medications, if required, should be added to prior medications in a step-wise fashion. The gap between the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment and what is happening in the real world needs to be closed to reduce the cost and morbidity associated with this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Division, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Northwest Asthma & Allergy Center, 10333 19th Ave SE, Suite 105, Everett, WA, 98208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, Abrams SA, Fuchs GJ, Kim JH, Lindsey CW, Magge SN, Rome ES, Schwarzenberg SJ, Matsui EC, Bird JA, Davis CM, Hernandez-Trujillo VP, Mahr TA, Orange JS, Pistiner M, Wang J, Williams PV. The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2019-0281. [PMID: 30886111 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical report updates and replaces a 2008 clinical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics, which addressed the roles of maternal and early infant diet on the prevention of atopic disease, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergy. As with the previous report, the available data still limit the ability to draw firm conclusions about various aspects of atopy prevention through early dietary interventions. Current evidence does not support a role for maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy or lactation. Although there is evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for 3 to 4 months decreases the incidence of eczema in the first 2 years of life, there are no short- or long-term advantages for exclusive breastfeeding beyond 3 to 4 months for prevention of atopic disease. The evidence now suggests that any duration of breastfeeding ≥3 to 4 months is protective against wheezing in the first 2 years of life, and some evidence suggests that longer duration of any breastfeeding protects against asthma even after 5 years of age. No conclusions can be made about the role of breastfeeding in either preventing or delaying the onset of specific food allergies. There is a lack of evidence that partially or extensively hydrolyzed formula prevents atopic disease. There is no evidence that delaying the introduction of allergenic foods, including peanuts, eggs, and fish, beyond 4 to 6 months prevents atopic disease. There is now evidence that early introduction of peanuts may prevent peanut allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Greer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Scott H. Sicherer
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and
| | - A. Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wood RA, Khan DA, Lang DM, Fasano MB, Peden DB, Busse PJ, Carter MC, Demain JG, Dinakar C, Grayson MH, Markovics SB, Sicherer SH, Stone KD, Sullivan KE, Williams PV, Fleisher TA, Casale TB. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology response to the EAACI/GA 2 LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of Urticaria 2017 revision. Allergy 2019; 74:411-413. [PMID: 30338538 DOI: 10.1111/all.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Wood
- Johns Hopkins University School Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - David A. Khan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas
| | | | | | - David B. Peden
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Chitra Dinakar
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California
| | | | | | | | - Kelly D. Stone
- NIH/NIAID‐ Laboratory of Allergic Diseases Bethesda Maryland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williams PV, Kavati A, Pilon D, Xiao Y, Zhdanava M, Balp MM, Lefebvre P, Ortiz B, Hernandez-Trujillo V. Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Spending Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children with Chronic Idiopathic/Spontaneous Urticaria in the United States. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2018; 8:69-83. [PMID: 29429043 PMCID: PMC5825330 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-018-0225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have described chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU) healthcare burden in adults, while this information remains largely unknown in children. We aimed to describe treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs in CIU/CSU pediatric patients, as well as to compare HRU and costs in CIU/CSU and CIU/CSU-free pediatric patients. Methods Medicaid claims from four states (09/01/2013–03/31/2016) were used to identify patients less than 12 years old. The CIU/CSU cohort included patients with either at least two claims for idiopathic, other, or unspecified urticaria at least 6 weeks apart, or at least one claim for urticaria and at least one claim for angioedema at least 6 weeks apart (index date defined as the first claim). The control cohort included patients without urticaria/angioedema claims (index date randomly assigned). Patients without at least 6 months of continuous Medicaid eligibility pre- and post-index were excluded. HRU and costs were compared between propensity score-matched cohorts during the post-index follow-up. Results A total of 548 CIU/CSU patients (mean [SD] age 4.5 [3.3] years; 51.3% male) were matched 1:1 with controls. In the CIU/CSU cohort, 51.8% used non-sedating prescription H1-antihistamines, 24.3% used oral corticosteroids, and 23.5% used other prescription H1-antihistamines; 13.5% consulted allergist/immunologists and 2.4% consulted dermatologists in the first 6 months of follow-up. Compared to controls, CIU/CSU patients had significantly more per patient per year (PPPY) inpatient (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.05), outpatient (IRR 2.20), and emergency department (IRR 1.64) visits (all p values < 0.05). Moreover, CIU/CSU patients also had significantly higher PPPY healthcare costs (mean cost difference [MCD] $1853), driven by incremental outpatient (MCD $1286) costs (all p values < 0.01). Conclusions CIU/CSU pediatric patients had low use of non-sedating H1-antihistamines and high use of oral corticosteroids. Compared to CIU/CSU-free controls in the same age group, CIU/CSU pediatric patients had higher HRU and healthcare costs. Funding Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Ortiz
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
McGeachie MJ, Yates KP, Zhou X, Guo F, Sternberg AL, Van Natta ML, Wise RA, Szefler SJ, Sharma S, Kho AT, Cho MH, Croteau-Chonka DC, Castaldi PJ, Jain G, Sanyal A, Zhan Y, Lajoie BR, Dekker J, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Covar RA, Zeiger RS, Adkinson NF, Williams PV, Kelly HW, Grasemann H, Vonk JM, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, Raby BA, Houston I, Lu Q, Fuhlbrigge AL, Tantisira KG, Silverman EK, Tonascia J, Strunk RC, Weiss ST. Genetics and Genomics of Longitudinal Lung Function Patterns in Individuals with Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:1465-1474. [PMID: 27367781 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201602-0250oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patterns of longitudinal lung function growth and decline in childhood asthma have been shown to be important in determining risk for future respiratory ailments including chronic airway obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the genetic underpinnings of lung function patterns in subjects with childhood asthma. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study of 581 non-Hispanic white individuals with asthma that were previously classified by patterns of lung function growth and decline (normal growth, normal growth with early decline, reduced growth, and reduced growth with early decline). The strongest association was also measured in two additional cohorts: a small asthma cohort and a large chronic obstructive pulmonary disease metaanalysis cohort. Interaction between the genomic region encompassing the most strongly associated single-nucleotide polymorphism and nearby genes was assessed by two chromosome conformation capture assays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS An intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4445257) on chromosome 8 was strongly associated with the normal growth with early decline pattern compared with all other pattern groups (P = 6.7 × 10-9; odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-4.0); replication analysis suggested this variant had opposite effects in normal growth with early decline and reduced growth with early decline pattern groups. Chromosome conformation capture experiments indicated a chromatin interaction between rs4445257 and the promoter of the distal CSMD3 gene. CONCLUSIONS Early decline in lung function after normal growth is associated with a genetic polymorphism that may also protect against early decline in reduced growth groups. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00000575).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGeachie
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiaobo Zhou
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Feng Guo
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Robert A Wise
- 4 School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stanley J Szefler
- 5 National Jewish Health and Research Center, Denver, Colorado.,6 Children's Hospital Colorado and
| | - Sunita Sharma
- 7 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Alvin T Kho
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,8 Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H Cho
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Damien C Croteau-Chonka
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gaurav Jain
- 9 Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and
| | - Amartya Sanyal
- 9 Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and.,10 School of Biological Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ye Zhan
- 9 Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and
| | - Bryan R Lajoie
- 9 Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and
| | - Job Dekker
- 11 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ronina A Covar
- 5 National Jewish Health and Research Center, Denver, Colorado.,6 Children's Hospital Colorado and.,13 University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert S Zeiger
- 14 Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,15 Kaiser Permanente Southern California Region, San Diego, California
| | | | - Paul V Williams
- 16 ASTHMA, Inc., Clinical Research Center and Northwest Asthma & Allergy Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - H William Kelly
- 17 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- 18 Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gerard H Koppelman
- 20 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, and
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- 21 Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac Houston
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quan Lu
- 22 Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Departments of Environmental Health and Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Anne L Fuhlbrigge
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,23 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert C Strunk
- 24 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott T Weiss
- 1 Channing Division of Network Medicine and.,2 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
McGeachie MJ, Yates KP, Zhou X, Guo F, Sternberg AL, Van Natta ML, Wise RA, Szefler SJ, Sharma S, Kho AT, Cho MH, Croteau-Chonka DC, Castaldi PJ, Jain G, Sanyal A, Zhan Y, Lajoie BR, Dekker J, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Covar RA, Zeiger RS, Adkinson NF, Williams PV, Kelly HW, Grasemann H, Vonk JM, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, Raby BA, Houston I, Lu Q, Fuhlbrigge AL, Tantisira KG, Silverman EK, Tonascia J, Weiss ST, Strunk RC. Patterns of Growth and Decline in Lung Function in Persistent Childhood Asthma. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:1842-1852. [PMID: 27168434 PMCID: PMC5032024 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1513737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracking longitudinal measurements of growth and decline in lung function in patients with persistent childhood asthma may reveal links between asthma and subsequent chronic airflow obstruction. METHODS We classified children with asthma according to four characteristic patterns of lung-function growth and decline on the basis of graphs showing forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), representing spirometric measurements performed from childhood into adulthood. Risk factors associated with abnormal patterns were also examined. To define normal values, we used FEV1 values from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who did not have asthma. RESULTS Of the 684 study participants, 170 (25%) had a normal pattern of lung-function growth without early decline, and 514 (75%) had abnormal patterns: 176 (26%) had reduced growth and an early decline, 160 (23%) had reduced growth only, and 178 (26%) had normal growth and an early decline. Lower baseline values for FEV1, smaller bronchodilator response, airway hyperresponsiveness at baseline, and male sex were associated with reduced growth (P<0.001 for all comparisons). At the last spirometric measurement (mean [±SD] age, 26.0±1.8 years), 73 participants (11%) met Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease spirometric criteria for lung-function impairment that was consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); these participants were more likely to have a reduced pattern of growth than a normal pattern (18% vs. 3%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Childhood impairment of lung function and male sex were the most significant predictors of abnormal longitudinal patterns of lung-function growth and decline. Children with persistent asthma and reduced growth of lung function are at increased risk for fixed airflow obstruction and possibly COPD in early adulthood. (Funded by the Parker B. Francis Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000575.).
Collapse
|
10
|
Ierodiakonou D, Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Melly S, Postma DS, Boezen HM, Vonk JM, Williams PV, Shapiro GG, McKone EF, Hallstrand TS, Koenig JQ, Schildcrout JS, Lumley T, Fuhlbrigge AN, Koutrakis P, Schwartz J, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Ambient air pollution, lung function, and airway responsiveness in asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:390-9. [PMID: 26187234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ambient air pollution has been linked to reduced lung function in healthy children, longitudinal analyses of pollution effects in asthmatic patients are lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate pollution effects in a longitudinal asthma study and effect modification by controller medications. METHODS We examined associations of lung function and methacholine responsiveness (PC20) with ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide concentrations in 1003 asthmatic children participating in a 4-year clinical trial. We further investigated whether budesonide and nedocromil modified pollution effects. Daily pollutant concentrations were linked to ZIP/postal code of residence. Linear mixed models tested associations of within-subject pollutant concentrations with FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) percent predicted, FEV1/FVC ratio, and PC20, adjusting for seasonality and confounders. RESULTS Same-day and 1-week average CO concentrations were negatively associated with postbronchodilator percent predicted FEV1 (change per interquartile range, -0.33 [95% CI, -0.49 to -0.16] and -0.41 [95% CI, -0.62 to -0.21], respectively) and FVC (-0.19 [95% CI, -0.25 to -0.07] and -0.25 [95% CI, -0.43 to -0.07], respectively). Longer-term 4-month CO averages were negatively associated with prebronchodilator percent predicted FEV1 and FVC (-0.36 [95% CI, -0.62 to -0.10] and -0.21 [95% CI, -0.42 to -0.01], respectively). Four-month averaged CO and ozone concentrations were negatively associated with FEV1/FVC ratio (P < .05). Increased 4-month average nitrogen dioxide concentrations were associated with reduced postbronchodilator FEV1 and FVC percent predicted. Long-term exposures to sulfur dioxide were associated with reduced PC20 (percent change per interquartile range, -6% [95% CI, -11% to -1.5%]). Treatment augmented the negative short-term CO effect on PC20. CONCLUSIONS Air pollution adversely influences lung function and PC20 in asthmatic children. Treatment with controller medications might not protect but rather worsens the effects of CO on PC20. This clinical trial design evaluates modification of pollution effects by treatment without confounding by indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despo Ierodiakonou
- University of Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Steve Melly
- Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University of Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gail G Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Edward F McKone
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jane Q Koenig
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne N Fuhlbrigge
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Diane R Gold
- Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Williams PV. What do "real life" studies tell us about asthma controllers? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015; 2:614-5. [PMID: 25213057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Williams
- Division of Allergy, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wald ER, Applegate KE, Bordley C, Darrow DH, Glode MP, Marcy SM, Nelson CE, Rosenfeld RM, Shaikh N, Smith MJ, Williams PV, Weinberg ST. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children aged 1 to 18 years. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e262-80. [PMID: 23796742 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline regarding the diagnosis and management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children and adolescents. METHODS Analysis of the medical literature published since the last version of the guideline (2001). RESULTS The diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis is made when a child with an acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) presents with (1) persistent illness (nasal discharge [of any quality] or daytime cough or both lasting more than 10 days without improvement), (2) a worsening course (worsening or new onset of nasal discharge, daytime cough, or fever after initial improvement), or (3) severe onset (concurrent fever[temperature ≥39°C/102.2°F] and purulent nasal discharge for at least 3 consecutive days). Clinicians should not obtain imaging studies of any kind to distinguish acute bacterial sinusitis from viral URI, because they do not contribute to the diagnosis; however, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses should be obtained whenever a child is suspected of having orbital or central nervous system complications. The clinician should prescribe antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial sinusitis in children with severe onset or worsening course. The clinician should either prescribe antibiotic therapy or offer additional observation for 3 days to children with persistent illness. Amoxicillin with or without clavulanate is the firstline treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. Clinicians should reassess initial management if there is either a caregiver report of worsening(progression of initial signs/symptoms or appearance of new signs/symptoms) or failure to improve within 72 hours of initial management.If the diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis is confirmed in a child with worsening symptoms or failure to improve, then clinicians may change the antibiotic therapy for the child initially managed with antibiotic or initiate antibiotic treatment of the child initially managed with observation. CONCLUSIONS Changes in this revision include the addition of a clinical presentation designated as “worsening course,” an option to treat immediately or observe children with persistent symptoms for 3 days before treating, and a review of evidence indicating that imaging is not necessary in children with uncomplicated acute bacterial sinusitis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Welch MJ, Martin ML, Williams PV, Gallet CL, Miller MC, Bennett AV, May RW, Lampl KL, Ramachandran S. Evaluation of Inhaler Device Technique in Caregivers of Young Children with Asthma. Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology 2010. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2010.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Welch
- Allergy and Asthma Medical Group and Research Center, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Carol L. Gallet
- Allergy and Asthma Medical Group and Research Center, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | - Kathy L. Lampl
- Allergy, Asthma and Dermatology Associates, Lake Oswego, Oregon
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gerald LB, Sockrider MM, Grad R, Bender BG, Boss LP, Galant SP, Gerritsen J, Joseph CLM, Kaplan RM, Madden JA, Mangan JM, Redding GJ, Schmidt DK, Schwindt CD, Taggart VS, Wheeler LS, Van Hook KN, Williams PV, Yawn BP, Yuksel B. An official ATS workshop report: issues in screening for asthma in children. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2007; 4:133-41. [PMID: 17494724 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200604-103st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lani S Wheeler
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 163 Cranes Crook Lane, Annapolis, MD 21401-7267, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Asthma is a prevalent health problem for which there are effective treatments. By identifying people with asthma and treating them effectively, the burden of asthma in the United States should be reduced. Detecting people with asthma through screening programs seems a logical approach to the problem. This article assesses our readiness for population-based screening and case detection programs for asthma and examines these activities in relation to World Health Organization criteria for determining the appropriateness of screening programs. Given that, at this time, a number of the criteria have not been met, we conclude that population-based approaches to screening and case detection of asthma are of unproven benefit and need further research. A more appropriate focus may be to ensure that all people who are diagnosed with asthma receive appropriate medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie P Boss
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Ozone exposure aggravates asthma, as has been demonstrated in both controlled exposures and epidemiologic studies. In the current double-blind crossover study, the authors evaluated the effects of dietary antioxidants (i.e., 400 IU vitamin E/500 mg vitamin C) on ozone-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adult subjects with asthma. Seventeen subjects were exposed to 0.12 ppm of ozone or to air for 45 min during intermittent moderate exercise. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was assessed with 10-min sulfur dioxide (i.e., 0.10 ppm and 0.25 ppm) inhalation challenges. Subjects who were given dietary antioxidants responded less severely to sulfur dioxide challenge than subjects given a placebo (i.e., forced expiratory volume in the 1st sec: -1.2% vs. 4.4%, respectively; peak flow: +2.2% vs. -3.0%, respectively; and mid-forced expiratory flow: +2.0% vs. -4.3%, respectively). Effects were more pronounced when subjects were grouped by response to sulfur dioxide at the screening visit. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with vitamins E and C benefits asthmatic adults who are exposed to air pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Trenga
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7234, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Winterton DL, Kaufman J, Keener CV, Quigley S, Farin FM, Williams PV, Koenig JQ. Genetic polymorphisms as biomarkers of sensitivity to inhaled sulfur dioxide in subjects with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 86:232-8. [PMID: 11258696 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with asthma are sensitive to inhaled sulfur dioxide (SO2); decrements in pulmonary function occur after exposure to low concentrations even for a short duration of time. There is a great amount of interindividual variation in response to SO2. OBJECTIVE It was our objective to determine whether one of the following polymorphism locations linked with asthma is associated with the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to SO2 observed in some asthmatic patients: the beta2-adrenergic receptor, interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor alpha subunit, Clara cell secretory protein (CC16), TNF-alpha gene promoter, and first intron of the lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha) gene. METHODS Subjects were volunteers with physician-diagnosed asthma requiring regular asthma medication. Spirometry was performed before and after a 10-minute exposure to 0.5 ppm SO2. Subjects were classified as SO2 responders if forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decreased > or = 12%. DNA obtained from buccal cell samples was analyzed for genetic polymorphisms. RESULTS Of the 62 subjects (21 male and 41 female), 13 had a 12% or greater decrement in FEV1 after SO2 exposure (range + 19% to -49%). Response to SO2 was associated with the wild-type allele of the TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism (12 of 12 SO2 responders versus 28 of 46 nonresponders; P < .05) but with no other polymorphisms. Medication category and atopic status showed no association with SO2 sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The wild-type allele of the TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism may be associated with mechanisms of asthmatic sensitivity to inhaled SO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Winterton
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Williams PV. TREATMENT OF RHINITIS. Radiol Clin North Am 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To screen adult subjects with asthma for sensitivity to inhaled sulphur dioxide (SO2) and identify subject characteristics associated with that sensitivity. Medication use, symptoms, and plasma antioxidant nutrients between SO2 responders and non-responders were compared. METHODS Adult subjects (ages 18-39 years) with asthma were exposed to 0.5 ppm SO2 for 10 minutes during moderate exercise. Pulmonary function tests and symptom ratings were assessed before and after exposure (n = 47). A subject was classified as sensitive to SO2 if forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed a drop > or = 8% over baseline. Blood samples were obtained from subjects (n = 38) before the SO2 challenge; plasma ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, carotenoids, and lipids were measured. RESULTS Of the 47 subjects screened, 53% had a drop in FEV1 > or = 8% (ranging from -8% to -44%). Among those 25 subjects, the mean drop in FEV1 was -17.2%. Baseline pulmonary function indices (FEV1% of predicted and FEV1/FVC% (forced vital capacity)) did not predict sensitivity to SO2. Although use of medication was inversely related to changes in pulmonary function after SO2 (p < 0.05), both SO2 responders and non-responders were represented in each medication category. Total symptom scores after exposure were significantly correlated with changes in FEV1 (p < 0.05), FVC (p < 0.05), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (p < 0.01) but not forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% vital capacity (FEF25-75). Plasma beta-carotene concentrations were inversely associated with PEF values and ascorbate concentrations were inversely associated with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.05 in all cases). High density lipoprotein concentrations were positively correlated with FEV1% of predicted (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with change in FEF25-75 (p < 0.05) after SO2. CONCLUSION These results show that the response to SO2 among adults with mild to moderate asthma is very diverse. Severity of asthma defined by medication category was not a predictor of sensitivity to SO2. Lung function values were associated with beta-carotene and ascorbate concentrations in plasma; however, plasma antioxidant nutrient concentrations were not associated with sensitivity to inhaled SO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Trenga
- Department of Environmental Health and Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nathan RA, Bernstein JA, Bielory L, Bonuccelli CM, Calhoun WJ, Galant SP, Hanby LA, Kemp JP, Kylstra JW, Nayak AS, O'Connor JP, Schwartz HJ, Southern DL, Spector SL, Williams PV. Zafirlukast improves asthma symptoms and quality of life in patients with moderate reversible airflow obstruction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102:935-42. [PMID: 9847434 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous trials demonstrated the effectiveness of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of zafirlukast and its effect on patients' quality of life (QOL) during a 13-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial in adults and adolescents with moderate reversible airflow obstruction. METHODS Patients (age range, 12 to 68 years) with total daytime asthma symptoms scores of 10 or greater over 7 consecutive days (maximum, 21/wk), FEV1 45% or greater but less than or equal to 80% of predicted value (>/=6 hours after beta2 -agonist), and reversible airway disease were randomized to 20 mg zafirlukast twice daily (nZ = 231) or placebo twice daily (nP = 223). Efficacy was assessed from changes in daytime and nocturnal symptoms, beta2 -agonist use, nasal congestion score, and pulmonary function. QOL was evaluated with a disease-specific Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Safety was determined from adverse event information and clinical laboratory test results. RESULTS Zafirlukast was significantly (P <.001) more effective than placebo, with reductions from baseline in the daytime asthma symptoms score (-23%), nighttime awakenings with asthma (-19%), and beta2 -agonist use (-24%) and improvements from baseline in morning (+25 L/min) and evening (+18 L/min) peak expiratory flow rates. Compared with placebo, zafirlukast significantly (P </=.018) improved scores for QOL domains (activity limitations, symptoms, emotional function, and exposure to environmental stimuli) and overall QOL, with a significantly greater proportion of zafirlukast-treated patients demonstrating clinically meaningful improvements (>/=0.5-unit change from baseline; P </=.037). The safety profile of zafirlukast was clinically indistinguishable from that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS Zafirlukast is effective and well tolerated and improves QOL in the long-term treatment of patients with moderate reversible airflow obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Nathan
- Asthma & Allergy Associates, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Williams PV. Management of asthma. Clin Symp 1997; 49:1-32. [PMID: 9316332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P V Williams
- University of Washington, Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, Seattle, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McBride DE, Koenig JQ, Luchtel DL, Williams PV, Henderson WR. Inflammatory effects of ozone in the upper airways of subjects with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:1192-7. [PMID: 8173759 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to ozone causes inflammatory or functional changes in the upper or lower airways of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. Ten asthmatic and eight nonasthmatic subjects were exposed to clean air, 120 ppb ozone, or 240 ppb ozone for 90 min during intermittent moderate exercise using a head dome exposure system. Pulmonary function tests, posterior rhinomanometry, and nasal lavage were performed before and after exposure. Leukocyte counts and chemotactic factors leukotriene B4 (LTB4), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were analyzed from nasal lavage fluid. In subjects with asthma, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of white blood cells in lavage fluid was detected both immediately and 24 h after exposure to 240 ppb ozone, as was a significant increase in epithelial cells immediately after exposure (p < 0.05). No significant cellular changes were seen in nonasthmatic subjects. A significant correlation was observed between IL-8 and white blood cells counts after exposure to 240 ppb ozone (r = 0.76) in asthmatic subjects. No significant changes in pulmonary or nasal function or biochemical mediators were found in either the asthmatic or nonasthmatic subjects. These data indicate that asthmatic individuals are more sensitive to the acute inflammatory effects of ozone than nonasthmatic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E McBride
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koenig JQ, Dumler K, Rebolledo V, Williams PV, Pierson WE. Respiratory effects of inhaled sulfuric acid on senior asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Arch Environ Health 1993; 48:171-5. [PMID: 8333787 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1993.9940816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was two-fold: (1) to investigate the response of asthmatic subjects who were 60 to 75 y of age to inhaled sulfuric acid, and (2) to compare that response to findings from healthy subjects in the same age group. Nine subjects who had asthma and eight healthy subjects participated. Each subject was exposed to clean air, an inert ammonium sulfate aerosol, or 70 micrograms/m3 sulfuric acid during a 40-min exposure period composed of 30 min at rest and 10 min of light exercise on a treadmill. The sulfuric acid was delivered twice, one preceded by a lemonade drink to neutralize oral concentrations of ammonia. Exposures were separated by at least 1 wk. Oral ammonia levels and pulmonary function parameters (forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, and total respiratory resistance) were measured before and after each exposure. None of the functional parameters in either group showed significant changes. However, total respiratory resistance changes from baseline after sulfuric acid exposure were significantly higher (+16%) in the asthmatic subjects, compared with the healthy subjects (-6%). These data suggest that older subjects are not at increased risk for adverse respiratory effects from inhalation of sulfuric acid by virtue of age alone, and older subjects with asthma are slightly more vulnerable than are their healthy peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Q Koenig
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Koenig JQ, Dumler K, Rebolledo V, Williams PV, Pierson WE. Theophylline mitigates the bronchoconstrictor effects of sulfur dioxide in subjects with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 89:789-94. [PMID: 1560163 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(92)90432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the ability of a sustained-release (SR) theophylline tablet (Uniphyl; Purdue Frederick Co., Norwalk, Conn.) to block or mitigate sulfur dioxide (SO2)-induced bronchoconstriction in adult subjects with asthma. Eight subjects participated in a double-blind, crossover study with a 400 mg theophylline tablet or placebo once a day for a week before a 10-minute SO2 challenge. FEV1 and total respiratory resistance (RT) were measured before and after the SO2 challenge and on a different day before and after an air exposure. After exposure to SO2, average values of FEV1 dropped 16% after placebo treatment and 7% after theophylline treatment. The corresponding percentages for RT were a 37% increase after placebo and a 7% increase after theophylline treatment. Analysis of variance demonstrated a significant difference between the SO2-induced decrease in FEV1 and increase in RT after SR theophylline treatment compared with that of placebo treatment. Thus, we conclude that SR theophylline tablets, taken at this concentration for 1 week, mitigate SO2-induced bronchoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Q Koenig
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
McGlashan TH, Williams PV. Predicting outcome in schizoaffective psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1990; 178:518-20. [PMID: 2380698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Predictors of long-term outcome are identified for 68 patients with schizoaffective psychosis from the Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study. Two dimensions regularly predicted better outcome: better developed premorbid instrumental skills and fewer typically schizophrenic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H McGlashan
- Chestnut Lodge Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Theophylline has been demonstrated to be a useful agent in the therapy of chronic asthma. Its use must be tempered with knowledge of its adverse effects and that these effects are related primarily to serum concentration. Accordingly, it is mandatory to monitor serum theophylline concentrations on a regular basis with any patient receiving maintenance therapy with theophylline. It is also necessary to recognise the potential side effects of theophylline therapy, and when such a patient displays symptoms of vomiting, headache or seizures, serum theophylline concentration must be checked even if a recent concentration was within the therapeutic range. The means for monitoring theophylline concentrations are now available even to the average physician who does not have immediate access to a laboratory that can provide timely serum theophylline determinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Bierman
- University of Washington, A.S.T.H.M.A., Inc., Seattle
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Three schizoaffective subtypes-manic, bipolar, and depressive-were compared across multiple baseline (demographic, premorbid, morbid) and long-term outcome dimensions. Though the subtypes were comparable at baseline, the patients with depressive schizoaffective disorder scored consistently better at follow-up, although none of these differences was statistically significant. Results failed to support the validity of such subtyping in schizoaffective disorder, at least in predominantly chronic populations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Patients from the Chestnut Lodge (Rockville, Md) follow-up study with schizoaffective (SA) psychosis (n = 68) were compared with patients with DSM-III schizophrenia (S, n = 163), bipolar disorder (n = 19), and unipolar disorder (n = 44) on multiple premorbid, morbid, and outcome dimensions. This study required that patients with SA disorder satisfy DSM-III criteria for both S and affective disorder (minus mutual exclusionary criteria). The SA cohort demographic and premorbid profile paralleled that of the cohort with unipolar disorder. At follow-up, however, the profile of SA psychosis paralleled that of S, with no significant differences between these patients on virtually all outcome measures. Results suggest that among samples of long-term inpatient, SA psychosis as defined herein is closer to S than affective disorder.
Collapse
|