1
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Garancher A, Suzuki H, Haricharan S, Chau LQ, Masihi MB, Rusert JM, Norris PS, Carrette F, Romero MM, Morrissy SA, Skowron P, Cavalli FMG, Farooq H, Ramaswamy V, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Ma Y, Thiessen N, Li Y, Morcavallo A, Qi L, Kogiso M, Du Y, Baxter P, Henderson JJ, Crawford JR, Levy ML, Olson JM, Cho YJ, Deshpande AJ, Li XN, Chesler L, Marra MA, Wajant H, Becher OJ, Bradley LM, Ware CF, Taylor MD, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Retraction Note: Tumor necrosis factor overcomes immune evasion in p53-mutant medulloblastoma. Nat Neurosci 2021; 25:127. [PMID: 34907396 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Svasti Haricharan
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lianne Q Chau
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meher Beigi Masihi
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Rusert
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Romero
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sorana A Morrissy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology and Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nina Thiessen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yisu Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Qi
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Baxter
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob J Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John R Crawford
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aniruddha J Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oren J Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Vanderkerken M, Baptista AP, De Giovanni M, Fukuyama S, Browaeys R, Scott CL, Norris PS, Eberl G, Di Santo JP, Vivier E, Saeys Y, Hammad H, Cyster JG, Ware CF, Tumanov AV, De Trez C, Lambrecht BN. ILC3s control splenic cDC homeostasis via lymphotoxin signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20190835. [PMID: 33724364 PMCID: PMC7970251 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen contains a myriad of conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subsets that protect against systemic pathogen dissemination by bridging antigen detection to the induction of adaptive immunity. How cDC subsets differentiate in the splenic environment is poorly understood. Here, we report that LTα1β2-expressing Rorgt+ ILC3s, together with B cells, control the splenic cDC niche size and the terminal differentiation of Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s, independently of the microbiota and of bone marrow pre-cDC output. Whereas the size of the splenic cDC niche depended on lymphotoxin signaling only during a restricted time frame, the homeostasis of Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s required continuous lymphotoxin input. This latter property made Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s uniquely susceptible to pharmacological interventions with LTβR agonists and antagonists and to ILC reconstitution strategies. Together, our findings demonstrate that LTα1β2-expressing Rorgt+ ILC3s drive splenic cDC differentiation and highlight the critical role of ILC3s as perpetual regulators of lymphoid tissue homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Immunity, Innate
- Lymphoid Tissue/cytology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio P. Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robin Browaeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L. Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paula S. Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d’Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Guendel F, Kofoed-Branzk M, Gronke K, Tizian C, Witkowski M, Cheng HW, Heinz GA, Heinrich F, Durek P, Norris PS, Ware CF, Ruedl C, Herold S, Pfeffer K, Hehlgans T, Waisman A, Becher B, Giannou AD, Brachs S, Ebert K, Tanriver Y, Ludewig B, Mashreghi MF, Kruglov AA, Diefenbach A. Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Program a Distinct Subset of IL-22BP-Producing Dendritic Cells Demarcating Solitary Intestinal Lymphoid Tissues. Immunity 2021; 53:1015-1032.e8. [PMID: 33207209 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solitary intestinal lymphoid tissues such as cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) constitute steady-state activation hubs containing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) that continuously produce interleukin (IL)-22. The outer surface of CPs and ILFs is demarcated by a poorly characterized population of CD11c+ cells. Using genome-wide single-cell transcriptional profiling of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes and multidimensional flow cytometry, we found that CP- and ILF-associated CD11c+ cells were a transcriptionally distinct subset of intestinal cDCs, which we term CIA-DCs. CIA-DCs required programming by CP- and ILF-resident CCR6+ ILC3 via lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling in cDCs. CIA-DCs differentially expressed genes associated with immunoregulation and were the major cellular source of IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) at steady state. Mice lacking CIA-DC-derived IL-22BP exhibited diminished expression of epithelial lipid transporters, reduced lipid resorption, and changes in body fat homeostasis. Our findings provide insight into the design principles of an immunoregulatory checkpoint controlling nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Guendel
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kofoed-Branzk
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Gronke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula S Norris
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Ebert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- Microbiota and Chronic Inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Garancher A, Suzuki H, Haricharan S, Masihi MB, Rusert JM, Norris PS, Carrette F, Romero MM, Morrissy SA, Skowron P, Cavalli FM, Farooq H, Ramaswamy V, Morcavallo A, Henderson JJ, Olson JM, Cho YJ, Li XN, Chesler L, Marra MA, Becher OJ, Bradley LM, Ware CF, Taylor MD, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Abstract IA11: Overcoming immune evasion in pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-ia11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many immunotherapies act by enhancing T-cell killing of tumor cells. Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins on tumor cells. Our studies suggest that medulloblastomas and high-grade gliomas lacking the p53 tumor suppressor do not express surface MHC-I and are therefore resistant to immune rejection. Mechanistically, this is because p53 regulates expression of the peptide transporter Tap1 and the aminopeptidase Erap1, which are required for MHC-I trafficking to the cell surface. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor or lymphotoxin beta receptor agonist rescues expression of Erap1, Tap1, and MHC-I on p53 mutant tumor cells. In vivo, TNF treatment prolongs survival and markedly augments the efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. These studies identify p53 as a key regulator of immune evasion in vivo and suggest that TNF could be used to enhance sensitivity of p53-mutant tumors to immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Alexandra Garancher, Hiromichi Suzuki, Svasti Haricharan, Meher B. Masihi, Jessica M. Rusert, Paula S. Norris, Florent Carrette, Megan M. Romero, Sorana A. Morrissy, Patryk Skowron, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Hamza Farooq, Vijay Ramaswamy, Alaide Morcavallo, Jacob J. Henderson, James M. Olson, Yoon-Jae Cho, Xiao-Nan Li, Louis Chesler, Marco A. Marra, Oren J. Becher, Linda M. Bradley, Carl F. Ware, Michael D. Taylor, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya. Overcoming immune evasion in pediatric brain tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meher B. Masihi
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
| | | | - Paula S. Norris
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Florent Carrette
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
| | | | | | | | | | - Hamza Farooq
- 2Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- 5Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,
| | | | - Louis Chesler
- 4The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | - Linda M. Bradley
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
| | - Carl F. Ware
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA,
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5
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Garancher A, Suzuki H, Haricharan S, Chau LQ, Masihi MB, Rusert JM, Norris PS, Carrette F, Romero MM, Morrissy SA, Skowron P, Cavalli FMG, Farooq H, Ramaswamy V, Jones SJM, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Ma Y, Thiessen N, Li Y, Morcavallo A, Qi L, Kogiso M, Du Y, Baxter P, Henderson JJ, Crawford JR, Levy ML, Olson JM, Cho YJ, Deshpande AJ, Li XN, Chesler L, Marra MA, Wajant H, Becher OJ, Bradley LM, Ware CF, Taylor MD, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Tumor necrosis factor overcomes immune evasion in p53-mutant medulloblastoma. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:842-853. [PMID: 32424282 PMCID: PMC7456619 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many immunotherapies act by enhancing the ability of cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. Killing depends on T cell recognition of antigens presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins on tumor cells. In this study, we showed that medulloblastomas lacking the p53 tumor suppressor do not express surface MHC-I and are therefore resistant to immune rejection. Mechanistically, this is because p53 regulates expression of the peptide transporter Tap1 and the aminopeptidase Erap1, which are required for MHC-I trafficking to the cell surface. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lymphotoxin-β receptor agonist can rescue expression of Erap1, Tap1 and MHC-I on p53-mutant tumor cells. In vivo, low doses of TNF prolong survival and synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to promote tumor rejection. These studies identified p53 as a key regulator of immune evasion and suggest that TNF could be used to enhance sensitivity of tumors to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Svasti Haricharan
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lianne Q Chau
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meher Beigi Masihi
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Rusert
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Romero
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sorana A Morrissy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology and Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nina Thiessen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yisu Li
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Qi
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Baxter
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob J Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John R Crawford
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego - Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aniruddha J Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oren J Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center and the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Wechsler-Reya R, Garancher A, Suzuki H, Haricharan S, Masihi MB, Rusert JM, Norris PS, Carrette F, Romero MM, Morrissy SA, Skowron P, Cavalli FM, Farooq H, Ramaswamy V, Jones SJ, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Ma Y, Thiessen N, Li Y, Morcavallo A, Qi L, Henderson JJ, Crawford JR, Levy ML, Olson JM, Cho YJ, Deshpande A, Li XN, Chesler L, Marra MA, Becher OJ, Bradley LM, Ware CF, Taylor MD. TNF superfamily cytokines overcome immune evasion in medulloblastoma. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.194.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many immunotherapies act by enhancing T cell killing of tumor cells. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins on tumor cells. Here we show that medulloblastomas lacking the p53 tumor suppressor do not express surface MHC-I and are therefore resistant to immune rejection. Mechanistically, this is because p53 regulates expression of the peptide transporter Tap1 and the aminopeptidase Erap1, which are required for MHC-I trafficking to the cell surface. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lymphotoxin beta receptor agonist (LTβRag) rescues expression of Erap1, Tap1 and MHC-I on p53-mutant tumor cells. In vivo, TNF treatment prolongs survival and markedly augments the efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. These studies identify p53 as a key regulator of immune evasion in vivo, and suggest that TNF could be used to enhance sensitivity of p53-mutant tumors to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wechsler-Reya
- 1Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- 1Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Svasti Haricharan
- 3Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Meher Beigi Masihi
- 1Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Jessica M. Rusert
- 1Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Paula S. Norris
- 4Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Florent Carrette
- 4Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | | | - Sorana A. Morrissy
- 6Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- 6Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence M.G. Cavalli
- 7Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- 6Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- 8Division of Haematology/Oncology and Division of Paediatrics, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven J.M. Jones
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Richard A. Moore
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mungall
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Nina Thiessen
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Yisu Li
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- 10Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Qi
- 11Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Jacob J. Henderson
- 12Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - John R. Crawford
- 13Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego
| | - Michael L. Levy
- 14Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego
| | - James M. Olson
- 15Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- 12Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Ani Deshpande
- 1Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- 11Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Louis Chesler
- 10Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A. Marra
- 9Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
| | | | - Linda M. Bradley
- 4Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Carl F. Ware
- 4Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- 2Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Garancher A, Suzuki H, Haricharan S, Masihi MB, Rusert JM, Norris PS, Carrette F, Romero MM, Morrissy SA, Skowron P, M.G. Cavalli F, Farooq H, Ramaswamy V, J.M. Jones S, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Ma Y, Thiessen N, Li Y, Morcavallo A, Qi L, Henderson JJ, Crawford JR, Levy ML, Olson JM, Cho YJ, Deshpande A, Li XN, Chesler L, Marra MA, Becher OJ, Bradley LM, Ware CF, Taylor MD, Wechsler-Reya RJ. IMMU-03. TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR OVERCOMES IMMUNE EVASION IN P53-MUTANT MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica M Rusert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yisu Li
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Lin Qi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John R Crawford
- University of California San Diego – Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- University of California San Diego – Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ani Deshpande
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Linda M Bradley
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Sedy J, Balmert MO, Re A, Moshayedi A, Ware B, Smith W, Nemcovicova I, Norris PS, Miller BR, Aivazian D, Ware C. A herpesvirus entry mediator mutein with selective agonist action for the inhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.792.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Sedy
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Mary Olivia Balmert
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Audrey Re
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Aref Moshayedi
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Brian Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Wendell Smith
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | - Ivana Nemcovicova
- Biomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Paula S. Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
| | | | | | - Carl Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory DiseaseSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCA
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9
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Šedý JR, Balmert MO, Ware BC, Smith W, Nemčovičova I, Norris PS, Miller BR, Aivazian D, Ware CF. A herpesvirus entry mediator mutein with selective agonist action for the inhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21060-21070. [PMID: 29061848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus opening reading frame UL144 is an ortholog of the TNF receptor superfamily member, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM; TNFRSF14). HVEM binds the TNF ligands, LIGHT and LTa; the immunoglobulin inhibitory receptor, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA); and the natural killer cell-activating receptor CD160. However, UL144 selectively binds BTLA, avoiding activation of inflammatory signaling initiated by CD160 in natural killer cells. BTLA and CD160 cross-compete for binding HVEM, but the structural basis for the ligand selectivity by UL144 and how it acts as an anti-inflammatory agonist remains unclear. Here, we modeled the UL144 structure and characterized its binding with BTLA. The UL144 structure was predicted to closely mimic the surface of HVEM, and we also found that both HVEM and UL144 bind a common epitope of BTLA, whether engaged in trans or in cis, that is shared with a BTLA antibody agonist. On the basis of the UL144 selectivity, we engineered a BTLA-selective HVEM protein to understand the basis for ligand selectivity and BTLA agonism to develop novel anti-inflammatory agonists. This HVEM mutein did not bind CD160 or TNF ligands but did bind BTLA with 10-fold stronger affinity than wild-type HVEM and retained potent inhibitory activity that reduced T-cell receptor, B-cell receptor, and interferon signaling in B cells. In conclusion, using a viral immune evasion strategy that shows broad immune-ablating activity, we have identified a novel anti-inflammatory BTLA-selective agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Šedý
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
| | - M Olivia Balmert
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brian C Ware
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Wendell Smith
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ivana Nemčovičova
- the Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia, and
| | - Paula S Norris
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Brian R Miller
- the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dikran Aivazian
- the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Carl F Ware
- From the Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
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10
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Sedy JR, Balmert MO, Nguyen J, Ware BC, Bjordahl R, Norris PS, Miller BR, Aivazian D, Ware CF. Cancer Mutations Targeting TNFRSF14 alter Microenvironment Checkpoint Interactions to Limit Tumor Clearance by Cytotoxic Cells. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.141.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The roles of many non-oncogenic mutations in cancer may influence tumor growth, survival, or how tumors interact with their surroundings. Here we characterize the functional relevance of missense mutations within the gene encoding the tumor necrosis receptor family member HVEM (TNFRSF14), a locus frequently targeted within human lymphoma and other cancers. We find that point mutations identified in human lymphoma were localized to the extracellular domain and specifically target ligand binding, resulting in preferential loss of CD160 and BTLA interactions compared to LIGHT (TNFSF14). Missense mutations were associated with alterations in cytotoxic effector cell signatures within tumor biopsies, while deletion mutations were associated with changes in myeloid cell signatures. Finally, we find that mutated HVEM proteins retained the capacity to inhibit T cell signaling through BTLA, while reducing costimulation of cytolysis in NK cells through CD160. Together, these data provide evidence for how immune selective pressures may drive mutation of TNFRSF14 resulting in greater tumor fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Sedy
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | | | | | - Brian C Ware
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | | | | | | | | | - Carl F Ware
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
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11
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Scarzello AJ, Jiang Q, Back T, Dang H, Hodge D, Hanson C, Subleski J, Weiss JM, Stauffer JK, Chaisaingmongkol J, Rabibhadana S, Ruchirawat M, Ortaldo J, Wang XW, Norris PS, Ware CF, Wiltrout RH. LTβR signalling preferentially accelerates oncogenic AKT-initiated liver tumours. Gut 2016; 65. [PMID: 26206664 PMCID: PMC5036232 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative contributions of inflammatory signalling and sequential oncogenic dysregulation driving liver cancer pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signalling is critically involved in hepatitis and liver tumorigenesis. Therefore, we explored the interdependence of inflammatory lymphotoxin signalling and specific oncogenic pathways in the progression of hepatic cancer. DESIGN Pathologically distinct liver tumours were initiated by hydrodynamic transfection of oncogenic V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 (AKT)/β-catenin or AKT/Notch expressing plasmids. To investigate the relationship of LTβR signalling and specific oncogenic pathways, LTβR antagonist (LTβR-Fc) or agonist (anti-LTβR) were administered post oncogene transfection. Initiated livers/tumours were investigated for changes in oncogene expression, tumour proliferation, progression, latency and pathology. Moreover, specific LTβR-mediated molecular events were investigated in human liver cancer cell lines and through transcriptional analyses of samples from patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). RESULTS AKT/β-catenin-transfected livers displayed increased expression of LTβ and LTβR, with antagonism of LTβR signalling reducing tumour progression and enhancing survival. Conversely, enforced LTβR-activation of AKT/β-catenin-initiated tumours induced robust increases in proliferation and progression of hepatic tumour phenotypes in an AKT-dependent manner. LTβR-activation also rapidly accelerated ICC progression initiated by AKT/Notch, but not Notch alone. Moreover, LTβR-accelerated development coincides with increases of Notch, Hes1, c-MYC, pAKT and β-catenin. We further demonstrate LTβR signalling in human liver cancer cell lines to be a regulator of Notch, pAKTser473 and β-catenin. Transcriptome analysis of samples from patients with ICC links increased LTβR network expression with poor patient survival, increased Notch1 expression and Notch and AKT/PI3K signalling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link LTβR and oncogenic AKT signalling in the development of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Scarzello
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Back
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Hodge
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte Hanson
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Subleski
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimmy K Stauffer
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Ortaldo
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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12
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Sedy JR, Veny M, Nguyen J, Balmert MO, Niemela N, Norris PS, Ware CF. Targeting the HVEM-BTLA-CD160-LIGHT network in Psoriasis. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.124.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified heritable linkages to psoriasis. However, complete identification of psoriasis susceptibility loci remains elusive. We have identified the HVEM-BTLA-CD160-LIGHT pathway as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive cell function in several autoimmune diseases, and recently in a mouse model of experimental psoriasis. Specifically, we have shown that the inhibitory receptor BTLA regulates the activity of innate γδ T cells, correlating with worsened dermatitis in BTLA-deficient animals, and attenuated disease in animals treated with agonistic BTLA antibodies. Additionally, our data indicates that the TNF receptor protein HVEM activates CD160 receptors in innate cells, promoting inflammatory signaling. More recently we have observed that skin inflammation is also worsened in animals lacking the TNF ligand for HVEM, LIGHT. In order to promote anti-inflammatory activities of HVEM, we sought to develop ligand specific biologics that could selectively engage inhibitory pathways through BTLA. Our initial studies showed that wild-type HVEM-Fc worsens disease. Additionally, we find that LIGHT-specific proteins that block HVEM-LIGHT interactions also worsen disease, consistent with our results in LIGHT-deficient animals, and identifying a unique regulatory role for LIGHT in skin inflammation. Finally, animals treated with proteins specific for BTLA and CD160 show reduced pathology compared to animals treated with wild-type HVEM-Fc. Through our efforts to synthesize ligand specific HVEM biologics, we have shown how select ablation of HVEM ligands can result in both pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling that can be targeted for the development of therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.
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13
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Van Praet JT, Donovan E, Vanassche I, Drennan MB, Windels F, Dendooven A, Allais L, Cuvelier CA, van de Loo F, Norris PS, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA, Rabot S, Tito R, Raes J, Gaboriau-Routhiau V, Cerf-Bensussan N, Van de Wiele T, Eberl G, Ware CF, Elewaut D. Commensal microbiota influence systemic autoimmune responses. EMBO J 2015; 34:466-74. [PMID: 25599993 PMCID: PMC4331001 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear antibodies are a hallmark feature of generalized autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. However, the processes underlying the loss of tolerance against nuclear self-constituents remain largely unresolved. Using mice deficient in lymphotoxin and Hox11, we report that approximately 25% of mice lacking secondary lymphoid organs spontaneously develop specific antinuclear antibodies. Interestingly, we find this phenotype is not caused by a defect in central tolerance. Rather, cell-specific deletion and in vivo lymphotoxin blockade link these systemic autoimmune responses to the formation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the neonatal period of life. We further demonstrate antinuclear antibody production is influenced by the presence of commensal gut flora, in particular increased colonization with segmented filamentous bacteria, and IL-17 receptor signaling. Together, these data indicate that neonatal colonization of gut microbiota influences generalized autoimmunity in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens T Van Praet
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erin Donovan
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Vanassche
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael B Drennan
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien Windels
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amélie Dendooven
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Allais
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Fons van de Loo
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paula S Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France AgroParisTech Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raul Tito
- Bioinformatics and (eco-)systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Bioinformatics and (eco-)systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Gaboriau-Routhiau
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Lymphoid Tissue Development Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium VIB Inflammation Research Center Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Bekiaris V, Šedy JR, Rossetti M, Spreafico R, Sharma S, Rhode-Kurnow A, Ware BC, Huang N, Macauley MG, Norris PS, Albani S, Ware CF. Human CD4+CD3- innate-like T cells provide a source of TNF and lymphotoxin-αβ and are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 2013; 191:4611-8. [PMID: 24078690 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells encompass a diverse array of lymphocyte subsets with unique phenotype that initiate inflammation and provide host defenses in specific microenvironments. In this study, we identify a rare human CD4(+)CD3(-) innate-like lymphoid population with high TNF expression that is enriched in blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These CD4(+)CD3(-) cells belong to the T cell lineage, but the lack of AgR at the cell surface renders them nonresponsive to TCR-directed stimuli. By developing a culture system that sustains survival, we show that CD4(+)CD3(-) innate-like T cells display IL-7-dependent induction of surface lymphotoxin-αβ, demonstrating their potential to modify tissue microenvironments. Furthermore, expression of CCR6 on the CD4(+)CD3(-) population defines a CD127(high) subset that is highly responsive to IL-7. This CD4(+)CD3(-) population is enriched in the peripheral blood from rheumatoid arthritis patients, suggesting a link to their involvement in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Bekiaris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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15
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Šedý JR, Bjordahl RL, Bekiaris V, Macauley MG, Ware BC, Norris PS, Lurain NS, Benedict CA, Ware CF. CD160 activation by herpesvirus entry mediator augments inflammatory cytokine production and cytolytic function by NK cells. J Immunol 2013; 191:828-36. [PMID: 23761635 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation is regulated by costimulatory and inhibitory receptors, of which both B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160 engage herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM). Notably, it remains unclear how HVEM functions with each of its ligands during immune responses. In this study, we show that HVEM specifically activates CD160 on effector NK cells challenged with virus-infected cells. Human CD56(dim) NK cells were costimulated specifically by HVEM but not by other receptors that share the HVEM ligands LIGHT, Lymphotoxin-α, or BTLA. HVEM enhanced human NK cell activation by type I IFN and IL-2, resulting in increased IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, and tumor cell-expressed HVEM activated CD160 in a human NK cell line, causing rapid hyperphosphorylation of serine kinases ERK1/2 and AKT and enhanced cytolysis of target cells. In contrast, HVEM activation of BTLA reduced cytolysis of target cells. Together, our results demonstrate that HVEM functions as a regulator of immune function that activates NK cells via CD160 and limits lymphocyte-induced inflammation via association with BTLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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16
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Soroosh P, Doherty TA, So T, Mehta AK, Khorram N, Norris PS, Scheu S, Pfeffer K, Ware C, Croft M. Herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14) regulates the persistence of T helper memory cell populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:797-809. [PMID: 21402741 PMCID: PMC3135347 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blocking HVEM–LIGHT interactions on T cells reduces the persistence of antigen-specific memory T cell populations after secondary expansion through decreased Akt activity and loss of Bcl-2 expression. Memory T helper cells (Th cells) play an important role in host defense against pathogens but also contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. We found that a soluble decoy lymphotoxin β receptor (LT-βR)–Fc, which can block tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related ligands LIGHT (TNFSF14) and LT-αβ binding to the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and the LT-βR, inhibited the accumulation of memory Th2 cells after antigen encounter and correspondingly reduced inflammatory responses in vivo. Showing that this was a function of the receptor for LIGHT, antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells deficient in HVEM were also unable to persist, despite having a normal immediate response to recall antigen. HVEM−/− memory Th2 cells displayed reduced activity of PKB (protein kinase B; Akt), and constitutively active Akt rescued their survival and restored strong inflammation after antigen rechallenge. This was not restricted to Th2 memory cells as HVEM-deficient Th1 memory cells were also impaired in surviving after encounter with recall antigen. Furthermore, the absence of LIGHT on T cells recapitulated the defect seen with the absence of HVEM, suggesting that activated T cells communicate through LIGHT–HVEM interactions. Collectively, our results demonstrate a critical role of HVEM signals in the persistence of large pools of memory CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Soroosh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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17
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Cheung TC, Coppieters K, Sanjo H, Oborne LM, Norris PS, Coddington A, Granger SW, Elewaut D, Ware CF. Polymorphic variants of LIGHT (TNF superfamily-14) alter receptor avidity and bioavailability. J Immunol 2010; 185:1949-58. [PMID: 20592286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The TNF superfamily member homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT) [TNF superfamily (SF)-14], is a key cytokine that activates T cells and dendritic cells and is implicated as a mediator of inflammatory, metabolic, and malignant diseases. LIGHT engages the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) and HVEM (TNFRSF14), but is competitively limited in activating these receptors by soluble decoy receptor-3 (DcR3; TNFRSF6B). Two variants in the human LIGHT alter the protein at E214K (rs344560) in the receptor-binding domain and S32L (rs2291667) in the cytosolic domain; however, the functional impact of these polymorphisms is unknown. A neutralizing Ab failed to bind the LIGHT-214K variant, indicating this position as a part of the receptor-binding region. Relative to the predominant reference variant S32/E214, the other variants showed altered avidity with LTbetaR and less with HVEM. Heterotrimers of the LIGHT variants decreased binding avidity to DcR3 and minimized the inhibitory effect of DcR3 toward LTbetaR-induced activation of NF-kappaB. In patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, DcR3 protein levels were significantly elevated. Immunohistochemistry revealed synoviocytes as a significant source of DcR3 production, and DcR3 hyperexpression is controlled by posttranscriptional mechanisms. The increased potential for LTbetaR signaling, coupled with increased bioavailability due to lower DcR3 avidity, provides a mechanism of how polymorphic variants in LIGHT could contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cheung
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Sanjo H, Zajonc DM, Braden R, Norris PS, Ware CF. Allosteric regulation of the ubiquitin:NIK and ubiquitin:TRAF3 E3 ligases by the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:17148-55. [PMID: 20348096 PMCID: PMC2878066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) activates the NF-kappaB2 transcription factors, p100 and RelB, by regulating the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). Constitutive proteosomal degradation of NIK limits NF-kappaB activation in unstimulated cells by the ubiquitin:NIK E3 ligase comprised of subunits TNFR-associated factors (TRAF)3, TRAF2, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP). However, the mechanism releasing NIK from constitutive degradation remains unclear. We found that insertion of a charge-repulsion mutation in the receptor-binding crevice of TRAF3 ablated binding of both LTbetaR and NIK suggesting a common recognition site. A homologous mutation in TRAF2 inhibited cIAP interaction and blocked NIK degradation. Furthermore, the recruitment of TRAF3 and TRAF2 to the ligated LTbetaR competitively displaced NIK from TRAF3. Ligated LTbetaR complexed with TRAF3 and TRAF2 redirected the specificity of the ubiquitin ligase reaction to polyubiquitinate TRAF3 and TRAF2, leading to their proteosomal degradation. Stimulus-dependent degradation of TRAF3 required the RING domain of TRAF2, but not of TRAF3, implicating TRAF2 as a key E3 ligase in TRAF turnover. The combined action of competitive displacement of NIK and TRAF degradation halted NIK turnover, and promoted its association with IKKalpha and signal transmission. These results indicate the LTbetaR modifies the ubiquitin:NIK E3 ligase, and also acts as an allosteric regulator of the ubiquitin:TRAF E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
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19
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Cheung TC, Oborne LM, Steinberg MW, Macauley MG, Fukuyama S, Sanjo H, D'Souza C, Norris PS, Pfeffer K, Murphy KM, Kronenberg M, Spear PG, Ware CF. T cell intrinsic heterodimeric complexes between HVEM and BTLA determine receptivity to the surrounding microenvironment. J Immunol 2009; 183:7286-96. [PMID: 19915044 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory cosignaling pathway formed between the TNF receptor herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM, TNFRSF14) and the Ig superfamily members, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160, limits the activation of T cells. However, BTLA and CD160 can also serve as activating ligands for HVEM when presented in trans by adjacent cells, thus forming a bidirectional signaling pathway. BTLA and CD160 can directly activate the HVEM-dependent NF-kappaB RelA transcriptional complex raising the question of how NF-kappaB activation is repressed in naive T cells. In this study, we show BTLA interacts with HVEM in cis, forming a heterodimeric complex in naive T cells that inhibits HVEM-dependent NF-kappaB activation. The cis-interaction between HVEM and BTLA is the predominant form expressed on the surface of naive human and mouse T cells. The BTLA ectodomain acts as a competitive inhibitor blocking BTLA and CD160 from binding in trans to HVEM and initiating NF-kappaB activation. The TNF-related ligand, LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, or TNFSF14) binds HVEM in the cis-complex, but NF-kappaB activation was attenuated, suggesting BTLA prevents oligomerization of HVEM in the cis-complex. Genetic deletion of BTLA or pharmacologic disruption of the HVEM-BTLA cis-complex in T cells promoted HVEM activation in trans. Interestingly, herpes simplex virus envelope glycoprotein D formed a cis-complex with HVEM, yet surprisingly, promoted the activation NF-kappaB RelA. We suggest that the HVEM-BTLA cis-complex competitively inhibits HVEM activation by ligands expressed in the surrounding microenvironment, thus helping maintain T cells in the naive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cheung
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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20
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De Trez C, Schneider K, Potter K, Droin N, Fulton J, Norris PS, Ha SW, Fu YX, Murphy T, Murphy KM, Pfeffer K, Benedict CA, Ware CF. The inhibitory HVEM-BTLA pathway counter regulates lymphotoxin receptor signaling to achieve homeostasis of dendritic cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:238-48. [PMID: 18097025 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) in the spleen is regulated by positive growth signals through the lymphotoxin (LT)-beta receptor; however, the countering inhibitory signals that achieve homeostatic control are unresolved. Mice deficient in LTalpha, LTbeta, LTbetaR, and the NFkappaB inducing kinase show a specific loss of CD8- DC subsets. In contrast, the CD8alpha- DC subsets were overpopulated in mice deficient in the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) or B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). HVEM- and BTLA-deficient DC subsets displayed a specific growth advantage in repopulating the spleen in competitive replacement bone marrow chimeric mice. Expression of HVEM and BTLA were required in DC and in the surrounding microenvironment, although DC expression of LTbetaR was necessary to maintain homeostasis. Moreover, enforced activation of the LTbetaR with an agonist Ab drove expansion of CD8alpha- DC subsets, overriding regulation by the HVEM-BTLA pathway. These results indicate the HVEM-BTLA pathway provides an inhibitory checkpoint for DC homeostasis in lymphoid tissue. Together, the LTbetaR and HVEM-BTLA pathways form an integrated signaling network regulating DC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl De Trez
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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21
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Sedy JR, Cheung TC, Nelson CA, Norris PS, Benedict CA, Murphy KM, Fremont DH, Ware CF. Herpesvirus Entry Mediator and Cytomegalovirus ORF UL144 bind a common region of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1070.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Richard Sedy
- Molecular ImmunologyLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
| | - Tim C Cheung
- Molecular ImmunologyLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
| | | | - Paula S Norris
- Molecular ImmunologyLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
| | - Chris A Benedict
- Molecular ImmunologyLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO
| | | | - Carl F Ware
- Molecular ImmunologyLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
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22
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Nelson CA, Fremont MD, Sedy JR, Norris PS, Ware CF, Murphy KM, Fremont DH. Structural Determinants of Herpesvirus Entry Mediator Recognition by Murine B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator. J Immunol 2008; 180:940-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR, TNFRSF3) signaling pathway activates gene transcription programs and cell death important in immune development and host defense. The TNF receptor associated factors (TRAF)-2, 3 and 5 function as adaptors linking LTbetaR signaling targets. Interestingly, TRAF deficient mice do not phenocopy mice deficient in components of the LTbetaR pathway, presenting a conundrum. Here, an update of our understanding and models of the LTbetaR signaling pathway are reviewed, with a focus on this conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Norris
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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24
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Sedy JR, Nelson CA, Norris PS, Murphy KM, Benedict CA, Fremont DH, Ware CF. 136 Herpesvirus Entry Mediator and Cytomegalovirus ORF UL144 Bind a Common Region of B And T Lymphocyte Attenuator. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Iversen AC, Norris PS, Ware CF, Benedict CA. Human NK Cells Inhibit Cytomegalovirus Replication through a Noncytolytic Mechanism Involving Lymphotoxin-Dependent Induction of IFN-β. J Immunol 2005; 175:7568-74. [PMID: 16301666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells play a key role in host defense against the beta-herpesvirus CMV through perforin-dependent cytolysis. In this study, we show that human NK cells can also control human CMV (HCMV) infection by a noncytolytic mechanism involving induction of IFN-beta in the virus-infected cell. Both IL-2-activated primary NK cells and an IL-2-dependent NK cell line (NK-92) exhibited potent, noncytolytic anti-HCMV activity at very low E:T cell ratios (<0.1:1). Activated NK cells expressed lymphotoxin (LT)alphabeta on their cell surface, and secreted LTalpha and TNF, all of which contributed to the NF-kappaB-dependent release of IFN-beta from infected fibroblasts. IFN-beta produced by fibroblasts and NK cell-produced IFN-gamma combined to inhibit HCMV replication after immediate early gene expression. These results highlight an efficient mechanism used by NK cells to activate IFN-beta expression in the infected target cell that contributes to the arrest of virion production and virus spread without cellular elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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26
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Cheung TC, Humphreys IR, Potter KG, Norris PS, Shumway HM, Tran BR, Patterson G, Jean-Jacques R, Yoon M, Spear PG, Murphy KM, Lurain NS, Benedict CA, Ware CF. Evolutionarily divergent herpesviruses modulate T cell activation by targeting the herpesvirus entry mediator cosignaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13218-23. [PMID: 16131544 PMCID: PMC1201609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506172102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily, can act as a molecular switch that modulates T cell activation by propagating positive signals from the TNF-related ligand LIGHT (TNFR superfamily 14), or inhibitory signals through the Ig superfamily member B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). Competitive binding analysis and mutagenesis reveals a unique BTLA binding site centered on a critical lysine residue in cysteine-rich domain 1 of HVEM. The BTLA binding site on HVEM overlaps with the binding site for the herpes simplex virus 1 envelope glycoprotein D, but is distinct from where LIGHT binds, yet glycoprotein D inhibits the binding of both ligands, potentially nullifying the pathway. The binding site on HVEM for BTLA is conserved in the orphan TNFR, UL144, present in human CMV. UL144 binds BTLA, but not LIGHT, and inhibits T cell proliferation, selectively mimicking the inhibitory cosignaling function of HVEM. The demonstration that distinct herpesviruses target the HVEM-BTLA cosignaling pathway suggests the importance of this pathway in regulating T cell activation during host defenses.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/physiology
- Herpesviridae/immunology
- Herpesviridae/physiology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cheung
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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27
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Li C, Norris PS, Ni CZ, Havert ML, Chiong EM, Tran BR, Cabezas E, Reed JC, Satterthwait AC, Ware CF, Ely KR. Structurally distinct recognition motifs in lymphotoxin-beta receptor and CD40 for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-mediated signaling. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:50523-9. [PMID: 14517219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309381200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) and CD40 are members of the tumor necrosis factor family of signaling receptors that regulate cell survival or death through activation of NF-kappaB. These receptors transmit signals through downstream adaptor proteins called tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). In this study, the crystal structure of a region of the cytoplasmic domain of LTbetaR bound to TRAF3 has revealed an unexpected new recognition motif, 388IPEEGD393, for TRAF3 binding. Although this motif is distinct in sequence and structure from the PVQET motif in CD40 and PIQCT in the regulator TRAF-associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK), recognition is mediated in the same binding crevice on the surface of TRAF3. The results reveal structurally adaptive "hot spots" in the TRAF3-binding crevice that promote molecular interactions driving specific signaling after contact with LTbetaR, CD40, or the downstream regulator TANK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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28
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Abstract
In the struggle between virus and host, control over the cell's death machinery is crucial for survival. Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and, as such, must modulate apoptotic pathways to control the lifespan of their host in order to complete their replication cycle. Many of the counter-assaults mounted by the immune system incorporate activation of the apoptotic pathway-particularly by members of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family-as a mechanism to restrict viral replication. Thus, apoptosis serves as a powerful selective pressure for the virus to evade. However, for the host, success is harsh and potentially costly, as apoptosis often contributes to pathogenesis. Here we examine some of the molecular mechanisms by which viruses manipulate the apoptotic machinery to their advantage and how we (as vertebrates) have evolved and learned to cope with viral evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Benedict
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Rooney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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30
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Benedict CA, Norris PS, Prigozy TI, Bodmer JL, Mahr JA, Garnett CT, Martinon F, Tschopp J, Gooding LR, Ware CF. Three adenovirus E3 proteins cooperate to evade apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1 and -2. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:3270-8. [PMID: 11050095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008218200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus encodes multiple gene products that regulate proapoptotic cellular responses to viral infection mediated by both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The E3-10.4K and 14.5K gene products are known to modulate the death receptor Fas. In this study, we demonstrate that an additional viral E3 protein, 6.7K, functions in the specific modulation of the two death receptors for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The 6.7K protein is expressed on the cell surface and forms a complex with the 10.4K and 14.5K proteins, and this complex is sufficient to induce down-modulation of TRAIL receptor-1 and -2 from the cell surface and reverse the sensitivity of infected cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Down-modulation of TRAIL-R2 by the E3 complex is dependent on the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor, but the death domain alone is not sufficient. These results identify a mechanism for viral modulation of TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptosis and suggest the E3 protein complex has evolved to regulate the signaling of selected cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Benedict
- Division of Molecular Immunology and the Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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31
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Schoppmeyer K, Norris PS, Haas M. Inhibition of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia proliferation in vivo by re-expression of the p16INK4a tumor suppressor gene. Neoplasia 1999; 1:128-37. [PMID: 10933047 PMCID: PMC1508131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is characterized by the presence of differentiation-inhibited pro- and pre-T-cell blasts. The p16INK4a tumor suppressor gene has been shown to be frequently deleted in human T-ALL cases. Deletion of p16INK4a may be associated with poor prognosis and relapse of the disease. Radiation-induced murine T-ALL in C57B1/6 mice shares pathogenetic and molecular characteristics with the human disease. We used the murine disease as a model to study the status of the INK4/ARF gene locus and to examine the effect of p16INK4a-re-expression in T-ALL cells on their leukemic potential in vivo. In 9 of 17 radiation-induced murine T-ALL cell lines, the p16INK4a protein was not expressed as determined by immunoblotting. Southern blot analysis revealed homozygous deletions of the p16INK4a gene locus in three of the nine lines, along with the genes encoding p15INK4b and p19ARF. Transduction of p16INK4a-negative T-ALL lines with retrovirus encoding p16INK4a significantly inhibited their in vitro proliferation by inducing G1-arrest. Importantly, re-expression of p16INK4a in p16INK4a-negative T-ALL cells obliterated the induction of lethal disseminated leukemia in syngeneic mice. This is the first demonstration that re-establishment of p16INK4a expression is critical for in vivo growth regulation of T-ALL cells.
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Norris PS, Jepsen K, Haas M. High-titer MSCV-based retrovirus generated in the pCL acute virus packaging system confers sustained gene expression in vivo. J Virol Methods 1998; 75:161-7. [PMID: 9870591 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral gene transfer using vectors encoding tumor suppressor genes has been tested repeatedly as a potential anti-tumor therapy. However, most attempts have been hindered by the inability to deliver genes efficiently and to obtain sustained expression in cells growing in vivo. In this paper we describe a method for producing high-titer MSCV virus using the pCL acute retroviral packaging system. This method facilitates the generation of MSCV virus encoding genes that convey the cytostatic or cytocidal phenotypes of benefit in the treatment of cancer. Amphotropic MSCV virus with an average titer of 6 x 10(6) CFU/ml has been routinely produced in this system. We demonstrate that, unlike the pCL retroviral vectors, the MSCV vector is capable of directing sustained in vivo expression of the green fluorescent protein in infected glioma cells following implantation and tumor growth in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Norris
- Department of Biology and Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0063, USA
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Abstract
In addition to playing a role in tumorigenesis, loss of DNA mismatch repair results in low-level intrinsic resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin. We used a mismatch repair-deficient (clone B) and -proficient (clone B/rev) pair of Chinese hamster ovary sublines to determine the ability of cisplatin to enrich for repair-deficient cells during growth in vitro and in vivo. Clone B cells were 1.8-fold resistant to cisplatin as measured by a clonogenic assay. These cells were molecularly engineered to express constitutively the green fluorescent protein, and changes in the fraction of these repair-deficient cells were monitored by flow cytometric analysis. A single 1-hr exposure to cisplatin at an IC50 concentration enriched populations initially containing either 5 or 10% clone B cells by 81 and 75%, respectively, when measured at 5 days. Enrichment increased as a function of drug concentration to 158 and 169%, respectively, following an IC90 exposure. When grown as a xenograft, a single LD10 dose of cisplatin enriched the tumors by 48% from 4.6 to 6.8% repair-deficient cells (p = 0.04). To determine whether similar enrichment occurs during the treatment of human ovarian cancer patients, paired tumor samples were obtained from 38 patients before and after treatment with a minimum of 3 cycles of platinum drug-based primary chemotherapy and analyzed immunohistochemically for changes in the fraction of tumor cells expressing hMHL1. Following treatment there was a reduction in hMLH1 staining in 66% of the cases (p = 0.0005). Our results demonstrate that, despite the fact that loss of mismatch repair yields only modest levels of cisplatin resistance, even a single exposure to cisplatin produces quite a marked enrichment for repair-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results are consistent with the concept that treatment with cisplatin or carboplatin selects for preexisting mismatch repair-deficient cells, and that this contributes to the frequent development of clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fink
- Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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Fink D, Nebel S, Norris PS, Aebi S, Kim HK, Haas M, Howell SB. The effect of different chemotherapeutic agents on the enrichment of DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumour cells. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:703-8. [PMID: 9514047 PMCID: PMC2149976 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of DNA mismatch repair is a common finding in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer as well as in many types of sporadic human tumours. We compared the effect of loss of DNA mismatch repair on drug sensitivity as measured by a clonogenic assay with its effect on the ability of the same drug to enrich for mismatch repair-deficient cells in a proliferating tumour cell population. Mixed populations containing 50% DNA mismatch repair-deficient cells constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein and 50% mismatch repair-proficient cells were exposed to different chemotherapeutic agents. 6-Thioguanine, to which DNA mismatch repair-deficient cells are known to be resistant, was included as a control. The results in the cytotoxicity assays and in the enrichment experiments were concordant. Treatment with either carboplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide or 6-thioguanine resulted in enrichment for mismatch repair-deficient cells, and clonogenic assays demonstrated resistance to these agents, which varied from 1.3- to 4.8-fold. Treatment with melphalan, paclitaxel, perfosfamide or tamoxifen failed to enrich for mismatch repair-deficient cells, and no change in sensitivity to these agents was detected in the clonogenic assays. These results identify the topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide and doxorubicin as additional agents for which loss of DNA mismatch repair causes drug resistance. The concordance of the results from the two assay systems validates the enrichment assay as a rapid and reliable method for screening for the effect of loss of DNA mismatch repair on sensitivity to additional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fink
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0058, USA
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Abstract
Tumor progression is often characterized by the cumulative loss of crucial cell cycle control genes and the concomitant loss of genome stability. Progressed tumors are often resistant to conventional therapies. Gene-transfer of key growth-regulatory genes, such as the p53 gene, is one potential approach to treating advanced tumors. To this end, we have produced high-titer retroviruses, based on the pCL vector system, which encode a chimeric protein consisting of human wild-type p53 and the green fluorescent protein (wtp53GFP). The fluorescent wtp53GFP protein and the wild-type p53 protein are recognized equally by several monoclonal p53-specific antibodies, have similar half-lives and function comparably in transactivating a p53-responsive element as well as in suppressing the growth of tumor cells. Additionally, due to its fluorescent nature, wtp53GFP facilitates the direct identification of cells expressing the p53 fusion protein. Combining the features of the pCL retroviral production system with the highly visible green fluorescent protein provides a potent tool for the delivery of p53 into cells and the subsequent detection of the protein, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Norris
- Department of Biology and Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0063, USA
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Fink D, Zheng H, Nebel S, Norris PS, Aebi S, Lin TP, Nehmé A, Christen RD, Haas M, MacLeod CL, Howell SB. In vitro and in vivo resistance to cisplatin in cells that have lost DNA mismatch repair. Cancer Res 1997; 57:1841-5. [PMID: 9157971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that loss of DNA mismatch repair due to lack of either hMSH2 or hMLH1 activity results in low-level resistance to cisplatin but not to oxaliplatin, an analogue that produces a different type of DNA adduct. No information is currently available on whether this low-level resistance is sufficient to result in enrichment of mismatch repair-deficient cells during drug exposure in vitro or to account for clinical failure of treatment in vivo. Mixed populations of cells containing a minority of DNA mismatch repair-deficient cells constitutively expressing green fluorescence protein were exposed repeatedly in vitro to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Treatment with cisplatin resulted in a gradual enrichment for DNA mismatch repair-deficient cells, whereas treatment with oxaliplatin did not. MSH2-/- and MSH2+/+ embryonic stem cells were established as xenografts in athymic nude mice. Animals were treated 48 h after tumor implantation with a single LD10 dose of either cisplatin or oxaliplatin. MSH2-/- tumors were significantly less responsive to cisplatin than MSH2+/+ tumors, whereas there was no difference in sensitivity to oxaliplatin. These results demonstrate that the degree of cisplatin resistance conferred by loss of DNA mismatch repair is sufficient to produce both enrichment of mismatch repair-deficient cells during treatment in vitro and a large difference in clinical responsiveness in vivo. The results identify loss of DNA mismatch repair as a mechanism of resistance to cisplatin but not oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fink
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
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