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Ouyang P, Zhou Z, Pan C, Tang P, Long S, Liao X, Liu Q, Xie L. Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia: Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:683-693. [PMID: 38468632 PMCID: PMC10926856 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s447905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is closely related to respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of CRKP-induced pneumonia in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients. Methods A single-centre, retrospective case-control study on COPD patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation and CRKP-induced pneumonia was conducted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022. The mortality rate of acute exacerbation due to CRKP-induced pneumonia was investigated. The patients were divided into the CRKP-induced pneumonic acute exacerbation (CRKPpAE) group and the non-CRKP-induced pneumonic acute exacerbation (non-CRKPpAE) group, and the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors were compared using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 65 AECOPD patients were included, composed of 26 patients with CRKPpAE and 39 patients with non-CRKPpAE. The mortality rate of CRKPpAE was 57.69%, while non-CRKPpAE was 7.69%. Compared with non-CRKPpAE, a history of acute exacerbation in the last year (OR=8.860, 95% CI: 1.360-57.722, p=0.023), ICU admission (OR=11.736, 95% CI: 2.112-65.207, p=0.005), higher NLR levels (OR=1.187, 95% CI: 1.037-1.359, p=0.013) and higher D-dimer levels (OR=1.385, 95% CI: 1.006-1.905, p=0.046) were independently related with CRKPpAE. CRKP isolates were all MDR strains (26/26, 100%), and MDR strains were also observed in non-CRKP isolates (5/39, 12.82%). Conclusion Compared with non-CRKPpAE, CRKPpAE affects the COPD patient's condition more seriously and significantly increases the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chanyuan Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijuan Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Tang P, Peng N, Ouyang P, Long S, Wei Z, Chen X, Qu P, Xie L. Fluviispira vulneris sp. nov., isolated from human wound secretions. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1305-1316. [PMID: 37773470 PMCID: PMC10645651 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Human infections by environmental bacteria is becoming an increasing problem and has become a matter of great concern due to the adverse effects worldwide. In this study, we reported a new environmental pathogen. Isolate GX5518T was a novel Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, pleomorphic and red-pigmented bacterium, was isolated from human wound secretions (GuangXi, People's Republic of China). Growth occurred at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 10-37 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C) with 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl in R2A agar. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that isolate GX5518T was closely related to Fluviispira sanaruensis JCM 31447T (99.73%) and Fluviispira multicolorata 33A1-SZDPT (98.49%). However, the estimated ANI values of the isolate GX5518T compared to the F. sanaruensis JCM 31447T and F. multicolorata 33A1-SZDPT were 88.67% and 77.35%, respectively. The estimated dDDH, ANI and AAI values between isolate GX5518T and its closely related strains were below the threshold values generally considered for recognizing a new species. The genome size was 3.6 Mbp and the DNA G + C content was 33.1%. The predominant fatty acids (> 5%) in GX5518T cells were iso-C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 ω8c and C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c. The major menaquinone was MK-8 (86.9%). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and three unknown lipids (L1-3). The chemical composition was different from that of the F. sanaruensis JCM 31447T. Comparative genomics analysis between isolate GX5518T and its related strains revealed that there were a number of genes involved in resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds in isolate GX5518T, which were responsible for the copper homeostasis, cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance, resistance to fluoroquinolones, and zinc resistance. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic analyses, isolate GX5518T (= CGMCC 1.18685T = KCTC 82149T) represents a novel species of the genus Fluviispira, for which the name Fluviispira vulneris sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijuan Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwen Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wei
- People's Hospital of Mashan, Nanning, 530699, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Chen
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghua Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Tan L, Ouyang P, Ma H, Peng J, Shi T, Xie L. Analysis of distribution and antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from a tertiary-care hospital in southern China: an 8-year retrospective study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1220363. [PMID: 37840716 PMCID: PMC10568454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Due to the severe drug resistance situation of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Gram-negative enterobacter, relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in Gram-positive bacteria species and drug resistance. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence and drug resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in a general tertiary-care hospital from 2014 to 2021, in order to discover the changes in Gram-positive bacteria distribution and drug resistance that cannot be easily identified, inform clinicians in their respective regions when selecting antimicrobial agents, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis of Gram-positive bacterial infection, and for the comprehensive and multi-pronged prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on Gram-positive bacteria isolated from patients presented to a general tertiary-care hospital from January 2014 to December 2021. A total of 15,217 Gram-positive strains were analyzed. Results During the 8-year period, the total number and the species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinic increased continuously. The seven most common species were Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.9%), Enterococcus faecium (20.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.0%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.8%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae (3.6%). The isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae increased, and the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecium decreased. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and furantoin decreased obviously. The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to cefepime (non-meningitis) and ceftriaxone (meningitis) decreased significantly. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and furantoin rose rapidly from 50.3, 47.6, 71.5, 44.9, 52.3, and 37.5% in 2014 to 93.1, 91.6, 84.9, 86.8, 86.8, and 60.0% in 2021, respectively. Conclusion The total number and the species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated during the 8-year period increased continuously. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are the main causes of positive bacterial infections in this hospital. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to a variety of commonly used antibiotics increased significantly. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the distribution of bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics to timely evaluate and identify changes in drug resistance that are not easily detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Pengwen Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Ghangsha, China
| | - Jianqiao Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
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Zhang SC, Li RP, Chen JC, Yang ZG, She YL, Zhou Z, Ouyang P. [Pulmonary vein stenosis with pulmonary infarction secondary to primary mediastinal seminoma: a case report]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2023; 46:592-594. [PMID: 37278174 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20221026-00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare condition that is often underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. The clinical and radiologic manifestations are unspecific such as cough, hemoptysis and pulmonary lesions and are therefore difficult to distinguished with pneumonia and tuberculosis. The present study is a successful case report of pulmonary vein stenosis and pulmonary infraction secondary to mediastinal seminoma. This case suggested that pulmonary vein stenosis should be considered when a mediastinal mass is accompanied by pulmonary opacites that cannot be explained by common causes such as infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - R P Li
- Department of Respiratory, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - Z G Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - Y L She
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
| | - P Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde 415000, China
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Rojhani A, Ouyang P. Food Purchasing and Preparation Practices, Food Access, and WIC Food Redemption Patterns of WIC-Enrolled Pregnant Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ouyang P, Jiang B, Peng N, Wang J, Cai L, Wu Y, Ye J, Chen Y, Yuan H, Tan C, Tan L, Xie L. Characteristics of ST11 KPC-2-producing carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial infection in a Chinese hospital. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24476. [PMID: 35522153 PMCID: PMC9169163 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of our study is to analyze the microbiological and clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) that causes nosocomial infection. METHODS We collected the carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) strains that caused nosocomial infection in a hospital in China and collected the relevant clinical data. We characterized these strains for their antimicrobial and virulence-associated phenotype and genotype and analyzed the clonal relatedness. We screened hypervirulent strains and compared them with non-hypervirulent strains. RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed 62 CRKP strains that caused nosocomial infection in a tertiary hospital within 1 year, of which 41 (41/62, 66.1%) CRKP were considered as CR-hvKP. All CR-hvKP strains were multi-drug resistance (MDR) and the vast majority of isolates (39/41, 95.1%) were ST11 KPC-2-producing strains. Two hypermucoviscous isolates and 4 capsular types were found in 41 CR-hvKP. Twenty-nine isolates (29/41, 70.7%) showed hypervirulence in Galleria mellonella infection model. PFGE showed that ST11-KL47 CR-hvKP and ST11-KL64 CR-hvKP exhibited a high degree of clonality, while non-hypervirulent strains were not significant. CR-hvKP had higher positive rates of blaKPC-2 and blaCTX-M-65 and higher levofloxacin resistance (p < 0.001, p = 0.005 and p = 0.046, respectively) when compared to the non-hypervirulent strains. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of in-hospital mortality (7/41, 17.1% vs 5/21, 23.8%, p = 0.743). CONCLUSION Our research finds that ST11 KPC-2-producing CR-hvKP is the main type of CRKP that caused nosocomial infection, and clonal spread has occurred. We provide more information about CR-hvKP in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Ouyang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Microbiology LaboratoryCenter for Disease Control and Prevention of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Microbiology LaboratoryCenter for Disease Control and Prevention of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Jianrong Ye
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Chaochao Tan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)ChangshaChina
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Zhang Y, Jin L, Ouyang P, Wang Q, Wang R, Wang J, Gao H, Wang X, Wang H. Evolution of hypervirulence in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China: a multicentre, molecular epidemiological analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:327-336. [PMID: 31713615 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) have been increasingly reported in China. Here, a multicentre, longitudinal surveillance study on CR-hvKP is described. METHODS We retrospectively investigated carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) in 56 centres across China during 2015-17 and screened the virulence genes (iucA, iroN, rmpA and rmpA2) for the presence of virulence plasmids. Hypermucoviscosity, serum killing and Galleria mellonella lethality experiments were conducted to identify CR-hvKP among strains with all four virulence genes. Capsule typing, fitness and plasmid features of CR-hvKP were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 1052 CRKP were collected. Among these, 34.2% (360/1052) carried virulence genes and 72 of them had all four of the virulence genes tested. Fifty-five (76.4%) were considered to be CR-hvKP using the G. mellonella infection model, with KPC-2-producing K64-ST11 being the most common type (80%, 44/55). Prevalence of CR-hvKP differed greatly between regions, with the highest in Henan (25.4%, 17/67) and Shandong (25.8%, 25/97). A significant increase in CR-hvKP among KPC-2-producing ST11 strains was observed, from 2.1% (3/141) in 2015 to 7.0% (23/329) in 2017 (P=0.045). Alarmingly, compared with classic CRKP, no difference in growth was found among CR-hvKP (P=0.7028), suggesting a potential risk for dissemination. The hybrid virulence and resistance-encoding plasmid evolved from pLVPK and the resistance plasmid harbouring blaKPC-2, indicating evolution existed between the hypervirulence and hyper-resistance plasmid. CONCLUSIONS CR-hvKP were more frequently detected than previously assumed, especially among KPC-2-producing ST11. Dissemination of hypervirulence could be extremely rapid due to limited fitness cost. Also, the evolution of resistance genes into hypervirulence plasmids was identified, presenting significant challenges for public health and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwen Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang Q, Wang X, Wang J, Ouyang P, Jin C, Wang R, Zhang Y, Jin L, Chen H, Wang Z, Zhang F, Cao B, Xie L, Liao K, Gu B, Yang C, Liu Z, Ma X, Jin L, Zhang X, Man S, Li W, Pei F, Xu X, Jin Y, Ji P, Wang H. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Data From a Longitudinal Large-scale CRE Study in China (2012-2016). Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:S196-S205. [PMID: 30423057 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains are a major threat to global health. The development of effective control measures requires more detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterization of CRE. Methods CRE isolates were collected from 65 hospitals in 25 provinces across China between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. The isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing. Genes encoding carbapenemases, mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1), and β-lactamases were detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Results A total of 1801 independent CRE isolates (1201 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 282 Escherichia coli, and 179 Enterobacter cloacae) were collected during the study period. Overall, 96.9%, 89.7%, 54.5%, 49.9%, and 40% of CRE strains were susceptible to colistin, tigecycline, amikacin, minocycline, and fosfomycin, respectively. Notably, 1091/1201 (91%) K. pneumoniae, 225/282 (80%) E. coli, and 129/179 (72%) E. cloacae harbored carbapenemase gene. K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) was predominant in K. pneumoniae (77%), whereas New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) was predominant in E. coli (75%) and E. cloacae (53%). The mcr-1 gene was detected in 13 NDM-carrying E. coli isolates (4.6%). Sequence type (ST)11 and ST167 were predominant among the 100 K. pneumoniae and 47 E. coli STs, respectively. KPC-ST11, which accounted for 64% of K. pneumoniae isolates, had higher levels of resistance than non-ST11 strains to aztreonam, fosfomycin, and amikacin (P < .001). The proportions of KPC and NDM enzymes in CRE increased from 2012 to 2016 (54%-59% and 12%-28%, respectively). Conclusions The number of CRE strains harboring carbapenemase is increasing. KPC-ST11 K. pneumoniae, the predominant strain, shows a reduced susceptibility to most available antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Pengwen Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Kang Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Zhiwu Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory center, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou
| | - Sijin Man
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Fengyan Pei
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing
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Leu S, Hsu SY, Ouyang P. 4260Loss of Pnn in cardiomyocytes results in impairment of intercalated discs and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in mice. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pnn, a multiple functional protein that localizes within nucleus and in the cytoplasmic region of desmosome. Although recent studies have characterized the physiological role of nuclear Pnn in regulating pre-mRNA alternative splicing and gene transcription, the function of Pnn in desmosome, particularly in cardiomyocytes, remains unidentified.
Purpose and methods
In the present study, we applied an inducible cardiomyocyte-specific Pnn depletion mouse model (Myh6-CreERT2, Pnnflox/flox) to observe the impact of loss of Pnn on cardiac structure and function in adult mice.
Results
Six weeks after tamoxifen injection to induce cardiac Pnn depletion, the electrocardiographic abnormalities and decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were observed. Histopathological examination showed that the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and expression of α-smooth muscle actin were increased with Pnn depletion, while the cell-cell connection among cardiomyocytes were impaired. In addition, cellular hypertrophy and decrease of capillary density were also found. Results from Immunofluorescent staining further showed that the distribution pattern of desmosomal proteins and adherent junctional proteins, including desmoglein, desmocollin, plakoglobin, plakophllin, desmoplakin and β-catenin were altered in the cardiomyocytes with Pnn depletion. Both desmosomal and adherent junctional proteins were translocated form cell-cell junction to cytoplasm, indicating the disruption of intercalated discs in Pnn-depleted cardiomyocytes. Microarray data also indicated that loss of cardiac Pnn regulated the mRNA expression of genes responsible for extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, ribosome, and integrin. In addition, expression levels of oxidative stress-associated proteins were significantly regulated by Pnn depletion.
Impairment of intercalated disc
Conclusion
Results from present study indicated that Pnn plays an essential role in the maintenance of intercalated disc integrity of cardiomyocytes, while cardiomyocyte-specific loss of Pnn leads to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in mice.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan, MOST-106-2320-B-182A-010-MY3
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leu
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S Y Hsu
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
| | - P Ouyang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Tao-yuan, Taiwan
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10
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Kwon Y, Logan J, Redline S, Duprez D, Jacobs DR, Ouyang P, Hundley WG, Lima J, Bluemke DA, Lutsey PL. 0465 Structural And Functional Properties Of Thoracic Ascending Aorta In Obstructive Sleep Apnea (the Multi-ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis [mesa] Study). Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kwon
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesvillee, VA
| | - J Logan
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA
| | - S Redline
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - D Duprez
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - D R Jacobs
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - P Ouyang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - W G Hundley
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - J Lima
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - D A Bluemke
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - P L Lutsey
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
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11
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Shah RV, Murthy VL, Allison MA, Ding J, Budoff M, Frazier-Wood AC, Lima JAC, Steffen L, Siscovick D, Tucker KL, Ouyang P, Abbasi SA, Danielson K, Jerosch-Herold M, Mozaffarian D. Diet and adipose tissue distributions: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:185-193. [PMID: 26899879 PMCID: PMC4788543 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary quality affects cardiometabolic risk, yet its pathways of influence on regional adipose tissue depots involved in metabolic and diabetes risk are not well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary quality and regional adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 5079 individuals in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who had food-frequency questionnaires and measurement of pericardial fat and hepatic attenuation at the baseline study visit in MESA, as well as a subgroup with imaging for visceral and subcutaneous fat (N = 1390). A dietary quality score (DietQuality) was constructed to include established food group constituents of a Mediterranean-type diet. Linear models estimated associations of dietary score as well as its constituents with regional adiposity. Baseline mean age was 61 (± 10) years, and approximately half of the participants (47%) were male. Those with a higher DietQuality score were generally older, female, with a lower body mass index, C-reactive protein, and markers of insulin resistance. After adjustment, a higher DietQuality score was associated with lower visceral fat (lowest vs. highest dietary score quartile: 523.6 vs. 460.5 cm(2)/m; P < 0.01 for trend), pericardial fat (47.5 vs. 41.3 cm(3)/m; P < 0.01 for trend), lesser hepatic steatosis (by hepatic attenuation; 58.6 vs. 60.7 Hounsfield units; P < 0.01 for trend), but not subcutaneous fat (P = 0.39). Greater fruits, vegetables, whole grains, seeds/nuts and yogurt intake were associated with decreased adiposity, while red/processed meats were associated with greater regional adiposity. CONCLUSION A higher quality diet pattern is associated with less regional adiposity, suggesting a potential mechanism of beneficial dietary effects on diabetes, metabolic, and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Shah
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - V L Murthy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine Division), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine Division), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - M A Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Ding
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Budoff
- Department of Cardiology and Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A C Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J A C Lima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Steffen
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D Siscovick
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K L Tucker
- University of Massachusetts at Lowell School of Public Health, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - P Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S A Abbasi
- Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - K Danielson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Jerosch-Herold
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Mozaffarian
- Tufts University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Li J, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Ma B, Wu Z, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhu J, Ying H, Ouyang P. Strontium fructose 1, 6-diphosphate alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced oligozoospermia by improving antioxidant and inhibiting testicular apoptosis via FAS/FASL pathway. Andrologia 2014; 47:995-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- School of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - Y. Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - Q. Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - B. Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - Z. Wu
- School of Pharmacy; FMHS; The University of Auckland; Auckland CA USA
| | - Y. Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - J. Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - H. Ying
- School of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
| | - P. Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing China
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Santa-Maria CA, Dantzer J, Li L, Skaar T, Oesterreich S, Rae JM, Zeruesenay D, Nguyen AT, Henry NL, Storniolo AM, Hayes DF, Blumenthal RS, Ouyang P, Post W, Flockhart DA, Stearns V. Abstract P1-08-11: Association of variants in candidate genes on lipid profiles in women with early breast cancer on adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-08-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aromatase inhibitors (AI) can exert unfavorable effects on lipid profiles, but previous studies have reported inconsistent results. Given the intricate biological relationship between estrogen and lipid profiles, these mixed results may be explained in part by variation in genes encoding proteins involved in the drug's target and in estrogen metabolism and signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in candidate genes with AI-mediated changes in lipid profiles.
Methods
We completed a prospective multicenter randomized observational open-label study to test the association of SNPs in candidate genes on biomarkers of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity in post-menopausal women with early breast cancer who were recommended adjuvant AI therapy. Eligible women were randomly assigned to exemestane or letrozole, and were followed for 2 years. We genotyped 137 SNPs from germ line DNA in the following candidate genes: ARVCF, COMT, CYP19A1, ESR1, ESR2, PGR, EP300, EZH2, NCOA1-3, NCOR1-2, NRIP, and PELP1. Lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) were measured at baseline and 3 months after initiating AI. We conducted genetic association data analysis and multivariate linear regressions to analyze the genetic effects using dominant, recessive, and additive models. Multivariate analysis included age, body mass index, prior hormone replacement therapy, and prior tamoxifen. To adjust for multiple comparisons, only SNPs with a p<0.0003 were considered significant.
Results
We enrolled 502 women in to the study, but for this analysis we excluded women who did not have genetic data (n = 33), had incomplete data (n = 23), discontinued or crossed over AI therapy (n = 48), women not fasting at both time points (n = 89), or those on lipid-lowering medications (n = 162). A total of 200 women were evaluable (letrozole 107, exemestane 93). Lipid profiles in all patients (n = 200) at baseline and 3 months after initiating AI, respectively, were as follows: TC 204.9 and 203.3 (unchanged, p = 0.43); HDL 61.3 and 56.8 (decreased, p = 6.3E-10); LDL 122.2 and 124.6 (unchanged, p = 0.22); and TG 107.1 and 103.6 (unchanged, p = 0.26). Genetic association and multivariate analysis revealed that SNPs in ESR1 and NCOR1 are significantly associated with additional changes in lipid parameters as summarized in Table 1.
Table 1.Significant findings of multivariate linear regressions analyzing genetic associations between candidate gene SNPs and lipid profiles of AI-treated women.CohortNumberSNP (gene)Minor Allele FrequencyLipid ParameterModel UsedMean Absolute Change (mg/dL)P-valueAll patients184rs9340958 (ESR1)0.07TCRecessive-2.250.0003Letrozole96rs9340958 (ESR1)0.07TCRecessive5.280.00009 101rs3020368 (ESR1)0.09TCRecessive6.350.00007Exemestane93rs3798758 (ESR1)0.03HDLDominant, additive-7.970.00001 88rs926848 (ESR1)0.03HDLDominant, additive-7.970.00002 93rs61753150 (NCOR1)0.01TGDominant, additive-11.630.00003
Conclusions
Variants in genes involved in estrogen metabolism and signaling are associated with changes in lipid profiles in AI-treated women and should be validated in other studies.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Santa-Maria
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - J Dantzer
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - L Li
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - T Skaar
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - S Oesterreich
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - JM Rae
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - D Zeruesenay
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - AT Nguyen
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - NL Henry
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - AM Storniolo
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - DF Hayes
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - RS Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - P Ouyang
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - W Post
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - DA Flockhart
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - V Stearns
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Indiana University School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Yong X, Chen Y, Liu W, Xu L, Zhou J, Wang S, Chen P, Ouyang P, Zheng T. Enhanced cadmium resistance and accumulation in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:255-61. [PMID: 24236847 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phytochelatins (PCs) are cysteine-rich peptides with high binding affinity for toxic metals. Expressing the PC synthase gene (PCS) in plant growth-promoting bacteria may enhance its metal resistance and accumulation, consequently increasing phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal pollution. In this study, PCS from Schizosaccharomyces pombe was cloned and expressed in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR through an increase in SpPCS mRNA expression level when induced by 20 μmol of CdCl2 in the transformed Ps. putida cells. The recombined strain KT2440-SpPCS exhibited enhanced Cd, Ag and Hg resistance. Compared with the original strain, KT2440-SpPCS also displayed a threefold to fivefold increase in Cd accumulation (14·32 μmol g(-1) to 17·38 μmol g(-1) ; dry weight) when grown in 30 and 50 μmol CdCl2 , along with an increase in nonprotein thiols. Further experiments showed significantly enhanced germination rates and growth of wheat seeds in 0·1 mmol to 1·0 mmol Cd when inoculated with KT2440-SpPCS. This study shows potential use of Ps. putida KT2440-SpPCS in plants to construct a symbiotic system for an enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The symbiotic system of using plant growth-promoting bacteria Pseudomonas putida to express phytochelatin synthase gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe together in plants resulted in high heavy metal resistance and high accumulation capacity, suggesting potential enhancement in phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China
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Lin K, Chen H, Wu C, Yu T, Ouyang P. Multidimensional Rasch validation of the Frenchay Activities Index in stroke patients receiving rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med 2012; 44:58-64. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Vaidya D, Szklo M, Cushman M, Holvoet P, Polak J, Bahrami H, Jenny NS, Ouyang P. Association of endothelial and oxidative stress with metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:818-25. [PMID: 21505504 PMCID: PMC3130805 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives A cluster of metabolic abnormalities termed metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative internal milieu. We examined whether the association of MetS with subclinical atherosclerosis is explained by biomarkers of endothelial damage and oxidative stress. Methods MESA is a population based study of 45-84 year old individuals of four US ethnicities without clinical cardiovascular disease. A random sample of 997 MESA participants had data on the following biomarkers: von Willebrand Factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1), CD40 ligand, soluble thrombomodulin, E-selectin, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL). We examined whether the associations of MetS with B-mode ultrasound-defined common and internal carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) measured using computerized tomography were explained by the biomarkers using multiple regression methods. Results MetS was associated with higher levels of each of the biomarkers (p<0.001, CD40L suggestive association p=0.004), with greater IMT (p<0.001), and with greater extent of CAC in those in whom CAC was detectable (p=0.01). The association of MetS with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis remained unchanged after adjustment for the biomarkers. After adjusting for MetS, oxLDL was suggestively associated with greater prevalence of detectable CAC (p=0.005) and thicker internal carotid IMT (p=0.002), while sICAM-1was significantly associated with greater prevalence of detectable CAC (p=0.001). Conclusions The association of MetS with subclinical atherosclerosis was independent of its association with biomarkers of endothelial damage and oxidative stress, suggesting that metabolic abnormalities and oxidative endothelial damage may lead to atherosclerotic disease through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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17
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Tai C, Li S, Xu Q, Ying H, Huang H, Ouyang P. Chitosan production from hemicellulose hydrolysate of corn straw: impact of degradation products on Rhizopus oryzae growth and chitosan fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:278-84. [PMID: 20636326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the potential use of hemicellulose hydrolysate (HH) for the production of chitosan by Rhizopus oryzae and investigate the influence of contents in HH on mycelia growth and chitosan synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared to xylose medium, HH enhanced mycelia growth, chitosan content and production of R. oryzae by 10.2, 64.5 and 82.1%, respectively. During sulfuric acid hydrolysis of corn straw, sugars (glucose, galactose, etc) and inhibitors (formic acid, acetic acid and furfural) were generated. Acetic acid (2.14 g l(-1)) and formic acid (0.83 g l(-1)) were stimulative, while furfural (0.55 g l(-1)) was inhibitory. Inhibitors, at different concentrations, increased the mycelia growth and chitosan production by 24.5-37.8 and 60.1-207.1%. CONCLUSIONS HH of corn straw is a good source for chitosan production. Inhibitors in HH, at proper concentrations, can enhance chitosan production greatly. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work for the first time reported chitosan production from HH. Chitosan production can be greatly enhanced by cheap chemicals such as inhibitors in HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China
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Lutsey PL, Cushman M, Steffen LM, Green D, Barr RG, Herrington D, Ouyang P, Folsom AR. Plasma hemostatic factors and endothelial markers in four racial/ethnic groups: the MESA study. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:2629-35. [PMID: 17002663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemostatic factors and endothelial markers may play some role in racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates. However, little information exists on hemostatic factors and endothelial markers across racial/ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES To describe, in four American racial/ethnic groups (Caucasian, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese), mean levels of selected hemostatic factors and endothelial markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline data were used (participant age: 45-84 years). Sex-specific analysis of covariance models, and t-tests for pairwise comparisons, were used to compare means of factors and markers. Adjustments were made for demographics and traditional CVD risk factors. Differences were significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS Blacks had the highest levels of factor VIII, D-Dimer, plasmin-antiplasmin (PAP), and von Willebrand factor, among the highest levels of fibrinogen and E-selectin (women only), but among the lowest levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and, in men, the lowest levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Whites and Hispanics tended to have intermediate levels of factors and markers, although they had the highest levels of ICAM-1, and Hispanics had the highest mean levels of fibrinogen and E-selectin (women only). Chinese participants had among the highest levels of PAI-1, but the lowest, or among the lowest, of all other factors and markers. No soluble thrombomodulin differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort, hemostatic factor and endothelial marker mean levels varied by race/ethnicity, even after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Assaad B, Kakaji H, Quinn T, Molteni A, Wang W, Xie L, Vasques D, Ouyang P, Doan H, Herndon B. 8 ADIPOSITY AND INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR-DEPENDENT SIGNALING IN TPA-INDUCED MOUSE MODELS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Assaad B, Kakaji H, Quinn T, Molteni A, Wang W, Xie L, Vasques D, Ouyang P, Doan H, Herndon B. Adiposity and Insulin Growth Factor-Dependent Signaling in Tpa-Induced Mouse Models. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605402s08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Assaad
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - H. Kakaji
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - T. Quinn
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - A. Molteni
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - W. Wang
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - L. Xie
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - P. Ouyang
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - H. Doan
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - B. Herndon
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
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Stewart KJ, Ouyang P, Bacher AC, Lima S, Shapiro EP. Exercise effects on cardiac size and left ventricular diastolic function: relationships to changes in fitness, fatness, blood pressure and insulin resistance. Heart 2005; 92:893-8. [PMID: 16308413 PMCID: PMC1860691 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.079962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine exercise training effects on cardiac size and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and relationships of exercise induced changes in physiological and body composition parameters with cardiac parameters. DESIGN Prospective, randomised controlled trial. SUBJECTS Men and women (63.6 (5.7) years, body mass index 29.5 (4.4) kg/m(2)) with untreated hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP) 130-159 or diastolic BP 85-99 mm Hg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiac size and LV diastolic function, peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2)), muscle strength, general and abdominal fatness, and insulin resistance. INTERVENTIONS 6 months of exercise training versus usual care. RESULTS When analysed by group at six months, cardiac size and LV diastolic function did not differ between exercisers (n = 51) and controls (n = 53), whereas exercisers had significantly higher peak Vo(2) (28 v 24 ml/kg/min) and strength (383 v 329 kg), and lower fatness (34% v 37%), diastolic BP (73 v 75 mm Hg) and insulin resistance (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index 0.35 v 0.34) versus controls (all p <or= 0.05). By regression analysis, among six month changes, increased peak Vo(2) and reduced abdominal fat were associated with increased cardiac size. Increased peak Vo(2) and reduced abdominal fat, BP and insulin resistance were associated with improved LV diastolic function. r Values ranged from 0.20 to 0.32 (p <or= 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When examined by group assignment, exercise had no effect on cardiac size or LV diastolic function. When individual variations in six month changes were examined, participants attaining the greatest increases in fitness and reductions in abdominal fatness, insulin resistance and BP showed a modest trend towards physiological hypertrophy characterised by increased cardiac size and improved LV diastolic function. These results suggest that decreased abdominal fatness may have a role in improving cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Stewart
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Sung J, Ouyang P, Silber HA, Bacher AC, Turner KL, DeRegis JR, Hees PS, Shapiro EP, Stewart KJ. Exercise blood pressure response is related to left ventricular mass. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:333-8. [PMID: 12756406 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An exaggerated SBP response to exercise has been associated with increased left ventricular (LV) mass in some but not all studies. A total of 43 women and 34 men, aged 55-75 years, without evidence of cardiovascular disease, with a mean resting BP of 142+/-9/77+/-8 mmHg had their BP measured at rest and during maximal treadmill exercise. LV mass was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. LV mass was adjusted for lean body mass, which was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. LV mass was within the normal range for the majority of the subjects. Among the resting and exercise BP indices, maximal SBP was the strongest correlate of LV mass (r=0.41, P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, maximal SBP was independently associated with LV mass after adjustment for lean body mass and gender, explaining 3% of the variance (P<0.05). Maximal exercise SBP is a modest but still independent predictor of LV mass in older persons with normal LV mass. These results raise the possibility that the SBP response to maximal exercise is an early marker of LV hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine relationships of bone mineral density (BMD) with fitness, physical activity, and body composition and fat distribution. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING General Clinical Research Center, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. SUBJECTS Men (n = 38) and women (n = 46), aged 55-75 years with high normal blood pressure or mild hypertension but otherwise healthy. METHODS Aerobic fitness (oxygen uptake) on a treadmill, muscle strength by one-repetition maximum, activity by questionnaire, abdominal obesity by magnetic resonance imaging; anthropometrics, and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) which measured total fat and lean mass, and BMD for the total skeleton, lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip. RESULTS Aerobic fitness did not correlate with BMD. Using multivariate analysis to ascertain independent contributions to the variance in BMD, in women, with adjustment for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), total skeleton BMD was independently related to muscle strength and abdominal total fat; total hip BMD to body weight; lumbar spine BMD to abdominal total fat. HRT also influenced BMD in the lumbar spine. In men, lumbar spine BMD was independently related to abdominal total fat physical activity and total hip BMD related to lower body strength. P < 0.05 for all of these correlations. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal obesity and muscle strength emerge as predominant correlates of BMD in older persons with stronger relationships seen in women. Body weight and HRT also explained portions of the variance in BMD in women. Whether abdominal obesity is simply a marker for general obesity or has independent protective effects on bone is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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24
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Silber HA, Bluemke DA, Ouyang P, Du YP, Post WS, Lima JA. The relationship between vascular wall shear stress and flow-mediated dilation: endothelial function assessed by phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:1859-65. [PMID: 11738285 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought: 1) to investigate the relationship between vascular wall shear stress and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in humans, and 2) to investigate whether this relationship could explain why FMD is greater in small arteries. BACKGROUND Arterial wall shear stress (WSS) is considered to be the primary stimulus for the endothelial-dependent FMD response. However, the relationship between WSS and FMD has not been investigated in humans. Furthermore, FMD is greater in small arteries, though the reasons for this phenomenon are unclear. METHODS Using phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PMRCA), we measured hyperemic WSS and FMD in 18 healthy volunteers. Peak systolic WSS was calculated assuming a blunted parabolic velocity profile. Diameter by PCMRA and by ultrasound was compared in nine subjects. RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation was linearly proportional to hyperemic peak systolic WSS (r = 0.79, p = 0.0001). Flow-mediated dilation was inversely related to baseline diameter (r = 0.62, p = 0.006), but the hyperemic peak WSS stimulus was also inversely related to baseline diameter (r = 0.47, p = 0.049). Phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography and ultrasound diameters were compared in nine subjects and correlated well (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001), but diameter by PCMRA was greater (4.1 +/- 0.7 mm vs. 3.7 +/- 0.5 mm, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Arterial FMD is linearly proportional to peak hyperemic WSS in normal subjects. Thus, the endothelial response is linearly proportional to the stimulus. Furthermore, the greater FMD response in small arteries is accounted for, at least partially, by a greater hyperemic WSS stimulus in small arteries. By allowing the calculation of vascular WSS, which is the stimulus for FMD, and by imaging a fixed arterial cross-section, thus reducing operator dependence, PCMRA enhances the assessment of vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Silber
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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25
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Abstract
A model was proposed to describe the effects of the main factors in aqueous-organic two-liquid-phase media on the stability of papain. The relationships between the half-life of papain activity and these factors including interfacial tension, stirring rate, phase volume ratio and temperature were investigated. The results showed that these factors had notable effects on papain stability except temperature. The correlation coefficient between the model and the experimental data were 0.829, which indicated the model is practicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fan
- National Laboratory for Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ho DS, Zhang RY, Waser M, Shen ZJ, Wang Y, Ouyang P. ChoICE PT wire for recanalization of chronically occluded coronary arteries: multiple wires in one? J Invasive Cardiol 2000; 12:523-7. [PMID: 11022213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of chronic total occlusions may be technically difficult and the success rate is limited despite increasing operator experience and improvements in PTCA hardware. The number of guidewires required to cross totally occluded lesions is higher than that for stenotic lesions. The ChoICE polymer-tip (PT) wire (Boston Scientific/Scimed, Inc., Maple Grove, Minnesota) is a relatively new stainless-steel core wire with a hydrophilic-coated polyurethane tip. Though never described in the literature, we found that the distal 4 cm of the wire can be cut and reshaped according to the operator's needs. Thus, instead of reshaping a kinked tip or using another new wire, the former being time-consuming and the latter expensive, one can simply cut off the kinked tip and start again with a "new wire." As the tip is resected, the wire becomes progressively more "intermediate-like" and "standard-like." We report our experience with the ChoICE PT wire in 50 consecutive cases of chronic total occlusions. The cumulative crossing success rates were 13/50 (26%) before any resections, 24/50 (48%) after 1 resection, 41/50 (82%) after 2 resections and 42/50 (84%) after 3 resections. There were no perforations, deaths, myocardial infarctions or need for bypass surgery. Our findings suggest that successful recanalization of chronic total occlusions can be achieved with a high success rate using the ChoICE PT wire. A strategy of progressively resecting the more floppy and kinked distal end can provide multiple uses from a single wire, optimizing recanalization success and obviating the need for additional wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Ho
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Room 1928, Block K, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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27
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Mosca L, Jones WK, King KB, Ouyang P, Redberg RF, Hill MN. Awareness, perception, and knowledge of heart disease risk and prevention among women in the United States. American Heart Association Women's Heart Disease and Stroke Campaign Task Force. Arch Fam Med 2000; 9:506-15. [PMID: 10862212 DOI: 10.1001/archfami.9.6.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT One of 2 women in the United States dies of heart disease or stroke, yet women are underdiagnosed and undertreated for these diseases and their risk factors. Informed decisions to prevent heart disease and stroke depend on awareness of risk factors and knowledge of behaviors to prevent or detect these diseases. OBJECTIVE Assess (1) knowledge of risks of heart disease and stroke and (2) perceptions of heart disease and its prevention among women in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING Telephone survey conducted in 1997 of US households, including an oversample of African American and Hispanic women. PARTICIPANTS One thousand respondents 25 years or older; 65.8% white, 13.0% African American, and 12.6% Hispanic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge of heart disease and stroke risks, perceptions of heart disease, and knowledge of symptoms and preventive measures. RESULTS Only 8% of the respondents identified heart disease and stroke as their greatest health concerns; less than 33% identified heart disease as the leading cause of death. More women aged 25 to 44 years identified breast cancer as the leading cause of death than women 65 years or older. Women aged 25 to 44 years indicated they were not well informed about heart disease and stroke. Although 90% of the women reported that they would like to discuss heart disease or risk reduction with their physicians, more than 70% reported that they had not. CONCLUSIONS Most women do not perceive that heart disease is a substantial health concern and report that they are not well informed about their risk. Age influenced knowledge to a greater extent than ethnicity. Programs directed at young women that address the effects of lifestyle behaviors on long-term health are needed. Better communication between physicians and patients is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mosca
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital of Columbia, USA
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28
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Abstract
Several cell adhesion-related proteins have been shown to act as tumor-suppressors (TS) in the neoplastic progression of epithelial-derived tumors. Pinin/DRS/memA was first identified in our laboratory and it was shown to be a cell adhesion-related molecule. Our previous study demonstrated that restoration of pinin expression in transformed cells not only positively influenced cellular adhesive properties but also reversed the transformed phenotype to more epithelial-like. Here, we show by FISH analysis that the gene locus for pinin is within 14q13. The alignment of the pinin gene with STS markers localized the gene to the previously identified TS locus D14S75-D14S288. Northern analyses revealed diminished pinin mRNA in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and certain cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemical examination of tumor samples demonstrated absent or greatly reduced pinin in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and RCC tumors. TCC-derived J82 cells as well as EcR-293 cells transfected with full-length pinin cDNA demonstrated inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of cells in soft agar. Furthermore, methylation analyses revealed that aberrant methylation of pinin CpG islands was correlated with decreased/absent pinin expression in a subset of tumor tissues. These data lend significant support to the hypothesis that pinin/DRS/memA may act as a tumor suppressor in certain types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, FL 32610-0235, USA
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29
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Ouyang P. Antibodies differentiate desmosome-form and nucleus-form pinin: evidence that pinin is a moonlighting protein with dual location at the desmosome and within the nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:192-200. [PMID: 10486276 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pinin is a desmosome-associated protein occurring in epithelia, cardiac muscle, and meninges. This molecule was found to be capable of enhancing cell junction formation and thought to play a key role in reorganization and stabilization of the desmosome-intermediate filament complex in epithelial cells (J. Cell Biol. (1996) 135, 1027-1042). Recently a protein, claimed to be localized exclusively in the nucleus, however, with amino acid sequence identical to pinin, was reported (E. J. Cell Biol. (1998) 75, 295-298). Here I present evidence that pinin exists simultaneously at the desmosome and within the nucleus by generating location-specific monoclonal antibodies. Although the desmosome-form (d-form) and the nucleus-form (n-form) pinin share identical amino acid sequences as demonstrated by cDNA library screening and DNA sequencing, they exhibit remarkably different biochemical properties, reflecting the apparent different multiprotein nature of their differential cellular locations. In addition, the d-form pinin is characterized by a dynamic transport process which involves the gradual diminishing of nuclear materials relative to enhanced anchoring of pinin to the desmosome upon mature cells. Finally I demonstrate that pinin exists in two forms of different gene product: pinin1 and pinin2. These data argue strongly against the statement that pinin is an exclusive nuclear protein and support the notion that pinin is a moonlighting protein with more than one function as a consequence of its dual cellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung University Medical College, Kuei-San, Taiwan, Republic of China
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30
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Post WS, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Wilhide CC, Heldman AW, Sussman MS, Ouyang P, Milliken EE, Issa JP. Methylation of the estrogen receptor gene is associated with aging and atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 43:985-91. [PMID: 10615426 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylation of the promoter region of the estrogen receptor gene alpha (ER alpha) occurs as a function of age in human colon, and results in inactivation of gene transcription. In this study, we sought to determine whether such age-related methylation occurs in the cardiovascular system, and whether it is associated with atherosclerotic disease. METHODS We used Southern blot analysis to determine the methylation state of the ER alpha gene in human right atrium, aorta, internal mammary artery, saphenous vein, coronary atherectomy samples, as well as cultured aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. RESULTS An age related increase in ER alpha gene methylation occurs in the right atrium (range 6 to 19%, R = 0.36, P < 0.05). Significant levels of ER alpha methylation were detected in both veins and arteries. In addition, ER alpha gene methylation appears to be increased in coronary atherosclerotic plaques when compared to normal proximal aorta (10 +/- 2% versus 4 +/- 1%, P < 0.01). In endothelial cells explanted from human aorta and grown in vitro, ER alpha gene methylation remains low. In contrast, cultured aortic smooth muscle cells contain a high level of ER alpha gene methylation (19-99%). CONCLUSIONS Methylation associated inactivation of the ER alpha gene in vascular tissue may play a role in atherogenesis and aging of the vascular system. This potentially reversible defect may provide a new target for intervention in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Post
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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31
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Xu H, Ouyang P, Zhou W. [Studies on preparation of L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvic acid by E. coli EP8-10]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1999; 39:272-4. [PMID: 12555547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
E. coli EP8-10 was selected from the soil. It was able to produce the transaminase with high activity when it was cultivated on the medium containing peptone and beef extract. Optimum conditions of enzyme reaction was: phenylpyruvic acid's concentration of 0.3-0.5 mol/L, L-Asptaric acid used as amino donor, pH 8.5 37 degrees C. When phenylpyruvic acid was 0.3 mol/L, 48 g/L L-phenylalanine was produced after 6 h with 97% conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Nanjing Institute of Chemical Technology, Nanjing 210009
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32
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Sabbatini P, Larson SM, Kremer A, Zhang ZF, Sun M, Yeung H, Imbriaco M, Horak I, Conolly M, Ding C, Ouyang P, Kelly WK, Scher HI. Prognostic significance of extent of disease in bone in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:948-57. [PMID: 10071289 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.3.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic significance of a bone scan index (BSI) based on the weighted proportion of tumor involvement in individual bones, in relation to other factors and to survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Baseline radionuclide bone scans were reviewed in 191 assessable patients with androgen-independent disease who were enrolled onto an open, randomized trial of liarozole versus prednisone. The extent of skeletal involvement was assessed by scoring each scan using the BSI and independently according to the number of metastatic lesions. The relationship of the scored bone involvement to other known prognostic factors was explored in single- and multiple-variable analyses. RESULTS In single-variable analyses, the pretreatment factors found to be associated with survival were age (P = .0446), performance status (P = .0005), baseline prostate-specific antigen (P = .0001), hemoglobin (P = .0001), alkaline phosphatase (P = .0002), AST (P = .0021), lactate dehydrogenase (P = .0001), and treatment (P = .0098). The extent of osseous disease was significant using both the BSI (P = .0001) and the number of lesions present (P = .0001). In multiple-variable proportional hazards analyses, only BSI, age, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and treatment arm were associated with survival. When the patient population was divided into three equal groups, with BSI values of < 1.4%, 1.4% to 5.1%, and > 5.1%, median survivals of 18.3, 15.5, and 8.1 months, respectively, were observed (P = .0079). CONCLUSION The BSI quantifies the extent of skeletal involvement by tumor. It allows the identification of patients with distinct prognoses for stratification in clinical trials. Further study is needed to assess the utility of serial BSI determinations in monitoring treatment effects. The BSI may be particularly useful in the evaluation of agents for which prostate-specific antigen changes do not reflect clinical outcomes accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Scher HI, Kelly WM, Zhang ZF, Ouyang P, Sun M, Schwartz M, Ding C, Wang W, Horak ID, Kremer AB. Post-therapy serum prostate-specific antigen level and survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:244-51. [PMID: 10037102 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.3.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an hypothesis that post-chemotherapy changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels might serve as a surrogate marker for assessing prostate cancer outcome (i.e., survival), we studied the relationship between pretherapy and post-therapy prognostic factors and survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. METHODS A prognostic model for survival based on pretherapy and post-therapy parameters was developed from the clinical data on 254 patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer treated with 11 different protocol therapies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The model was validated by use of an independent dataset of 541 patients enrolled in two randomized phase III trials. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, a post-therapy decline in PSA levels of 50% achieved in 12 weeks was a statistically significant factor associated with survival (two-sided P = .0012). A similar outcome was obtained with the use of an 8-week time frame. Elevated pretherapy level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (two-sided P = .0001), lower pretherapy level of hemoglobin (P = .0001), and younger age (two-sided P = .0430) had a statistically significant negative impact on outcome. Median survival times were 23, 17, and 9 months for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups of patients defined by the prognostic model, respectively. CONCLUSION This study confirms the prognostic value of a post-therapy decline in PSA of 50% or greater from baseline in relation to survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer treated with a variety of therapies. Two consecutive determinations at 4-week intervals can be used as an end point for efficacy in phase II trials of therapies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the effect of long-term clinical hormone replacement therapy on brachial artery vasomotor responses, and to compare these responses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 23 postmenopausal women, including 18 who were evaluated prior to starting clinically indicated oral hormone replacement therapy. Twelve postmenopausal women received estrogen alone, the other 6 were treated with estrogen/medroxyprogesterone combinations. Eleven premenopausal volunteers served as a comparison group. Change in brachial artery diameter in response to postischemic hyperemic flow and sublingual nitroglycerin was measured by ultrasound. RESULTS The 18 postmenopausal subjects receiving hormone replacement showed a progressive improvement in their postischemic vasodilation. Mean (+/-SD) postischemic vasodilation was 0.4%+/-7.1% prior to estrogen replacement. There were significant increases in postischemic vasodilation of 4.8%+/-6.6% after 1 month and 8.3%+/-3.4% after 6 months of estrogen replacement. The response to nitroglycerin was similar at all time points studied. Women with the most abnormal responses to hyperemic flow at baseline demonstrated the greatest improvement after 6 months of hormone replacement therapy. Premenopausal and postmenopausal subjects differed in their response to hyperemic flow, with premenopausal women showing 5.8% vasodilatation compared with a 0.6% vasodilation in postmenopausal women (P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial function is abnormal in many postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women, and in some postmenopausal women it can be enhanced by estrogen replacement therapy. This effect may increase with prolonged use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Bush
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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35
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Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transformation (MET) is an important process in the embryogenesis of organisms. In an attempt to study the mechanism of MET, we present here the identification of a cloned human chondrosarcoma cell line, the SW1353, that is capable of converting to cells with an obvious epithelial phenotype. The transformation of the fibroblast-like SW1353 cells to epithelial cells occurred in a defined culture condition and the transformed cells displayed features characteristic expected to be epithelial cells and formed aggregates with cobblestone appearances. We also demonstrated that SW1353 cells not only secreted hepatic growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF) but also expressed large amounts of p140c-met, the receptor tyrosine kinase for HGF/SF. These results suggest that mesenchymal cells, like epithelial cells, are able to express c-met proto-oncogene product, and the SW1353 cell culture system can provide us with a potential avenue to identify genes responsible for MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Ouyang P. [Studies on re-immunization with live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 32:162-4. [PMID: 10322791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The possibility of re-immunization with a booster dose of live attenuated hepatitis A (HA) vaccine was studied. METHODS Children randomly sampled were divided into three groups with re-immunization, primary immunization and immunity via natural infection. Antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were detected qualitatively and quantitatively with modified Abbott enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS Proportion of children with positive anti-HAV and its mean geometric titer (GMT) increased within two weeks after re-immunization, and as compared, those increased slowly and GMT reached the peak three months after primary immunization. Response to the live attenuated vaccine differed between the groups of re-immunization and immunity via natural infection, and should be taken into consideration in studying immune persistence of the vaccine. Proportion of children, who converted negative of their anti-HAV after primary immunization, with positive anti-HAV after re-immunization was 83.3% (10/12), significantly higher than that in those who failed in primary immunization and then were vaccinated again (50%, with 17/34), and that in both of them were higher than in primary immunization (29.6%). CONCLUSION Reminiscence could be induced by re-immunization, and the effects of it depended on primary immunization. Detection of anti-HAV with modified Abbott EIA still underestimated primary immune reaction. A more sensitive and specific method for detecting anti-HAV after vaccination should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Medical University
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37
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Stone PH, Chaitman BR, Forman S, Andrews TC, Bittner V, Bourassa MG, Davies RF, Deanfield JE, Frishman W, Goldberg AD, MacCallum G, Ouyang P, Pepine CJ, Pratt CM, Sharaf B, Steingart R, Knatterud GL, Sopko G, Conti CR. Prognostic significance of myocardial ischemia detected by ambulatory electrocardiography, exercise treadmill testing, and electrocardiogram at rest to predict cardiac events by one year (the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot [ACIP] study). Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:1395-401. [PMID: 9399710 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia identified by ambulatory electrocardiography (AECG), exercising treadmill testing, (ETT), or 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest is associated with an adverse prognosis, but the effect of improving these ischemic manifestations by treatment on outcome is unknown. The Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study was a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded study to determine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale prognosis study and to assess the effect of 3 treatment strategies (angina-guided strategy, AECG ischemia-guided strategy, and revascularization strategy) in reducing the manifestations of ischemia as indicated by AECG and ETT. The study cohort for this database study consisted of 496 randomized patients who performed the AECG, ETT, and 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest at both the qualifying and week 12 visits. The effect of modifying ischemia by treatment on the incidence of cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization procedure, or hospitalization for an ischemic event) at 1 year was examined. In the 2 medical treatment groups (n = 328) there was an association between the number of ambulatory electrocardiographic ischemic episodes at the qualifying visit and combined cardiac events at 1 year (p = 0.003). In the AECG ischemia-guided patients there was a trend associating greater reduction in the number of ambulatory electrocardiographic ischemia episodes with a reduced incidence of combined cardiac events (r = -0.15, p = 0.06). In the revascularization strategy patients this association was absent. In the medical treatment patients the exercise duration on the baseline ETT was inversely associated with an adverse prognosis (p = 0.02). The medical treatment strategies only slightly improved the exercise time and the exercise duration remained of prognostic significance. In the revascularization group strategy patients this association was absent. Thus, myocardial ischemia detected by AECG and an abnormal ETT are each independently associated with an adverse cardiac outcome in patients subsequently treated medically.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Stone
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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38
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Abstract
Pinin is a cell junction-associated protein involved in the stabilization of the desmosome-intermediate filament complex in various epithelial tissues. Utilizing a cDNA probe derived from canine pinin, we isolated overlapping cDNA clones encoding murine full-length pinin. The total cDNA contained an open reading frame of 2175 nucleotides coding for 725 amino acids as well as a 3'- and a 5'-untranslated regions of 620 and 18 nucleotides, respectively. The overall predicted amino acid sequence of mouse pinin displayed strong identities to those of canine and human pinin, with the exception of a stretch of 38 amino acids which were found to be deleted in mouse pinin. There were several discernible domains found within mouse pinin. These included three coiled-coil domains, a small stretch of glycine loops, a short glutamine-proline-rich domain and a polyserine domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Tau-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Pepine CJ, Sharaf B, Andrews TC, Forman S, Geller N, Knatterud G, Mahmarian J, Ouyang P, Rogers WJ, Sopko G, Steingart R, Stone PH, Conti CR. Relation between clinical, angiographic and ischemic findings at baseline and ischemia-related adverse outcomes at 1 year in the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot study. ACIP Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29:1483-9. [PMID: 9180108 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We attempted to investigate the relation between patient characteristics and adverse outcome in patients with ischemia and clinically stable coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that cardiac ischemia, detected by exercise stress testing (ETT) and ambulatory electrocardiographic (AECG) monitoring during daily living, identifies a subgroup of patients at increased risk for adverse outcome, but the relation between these ischemia findings and clinical and angiographic characteristics is largely unknown. METHODS We examined the relation between clinical, angiographic and ischemia characteristics at entry with adverse outcome observed at 1 year in the 558 patients enrolled in the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study. RESULTS By the 12-month visit 13.1% of patients had an ischemia-related adverse clinical outcome that included death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or an ischemia-related hospital admission. Multivariate analysis identified only the number of AECG ischemic episodes at entry (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 1.12, p = 0.002) as an independent predictor of outcome. Assignment to revascularization (as opposed to an initial medical treatment strategy) showed a trend (OR 0.56, 99% CI 0.26 to 1.2, p = 0.05). None of the other baseline clinical, exercise or angiographic variables examined provided additional information relative to adverse outcome. CONCLUSIONS Determinants of adverse outcome, among clinically stable patients with CAD and ischemia induced by stress and daily life were magnitude of AECG ischemia before treatment and, possibly, initial treatment assignment. Among the many other characteristics examined, including age, symptom status and angiographic and exercise variables, none contributed additional independent prognostic information. These two simple variables, which may be modifiable, need further study in a larger trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Pepine
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Gainesville 32610-0277, USA
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Abstract
We have identified a protein named pinin that is associated with the mature desmosomes of the epithelia (Ouyang, P., and S.P. Sugrue. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:1477-1488). We suggest that the function of pinin is to pin intermediate filaments to the desmosome. Therefore, pinin may play a significant role in reinforcing the intermediate filament-desmosome complex. cDNA clones coding for pinin were identified, using degenerative oligonucleotide probes that were based on the internal amino acid sequence of pinin for the screening of a cDNA library. Immunoblotting of expressed recombinant proteins with the monoclonal 08L antibody localized the 08L epitope to the carboxyl end of the protein. Polyclonal antibodies directed against fusion proteins immunoidentified the 140-kD protein in tissue extracts. Immunofluorescence analysis, using the antifusion protein antibody, demonstrated pinin at lateral epithelial boundaries, which is consistent with desmosomal localization. The conceptual translation product of the cDNA clones contained three unique domains: (a) a serine-rich domain; (b) a glutamine-proline, glutamine-leucine repeat domain; and (c) an acidic domain rich in glutamic acid. Although the 3' end of the open reading frame of the clone for pinin showed near identity to a partial cDNA isolated for a pig neutrophil phosphoprotein (Bellavite, P., F. Bazzoni, et al. 1990. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 170:915-922), the remaining sequence demonstrated little homology to known protein sequences. Northern blots of mRNA from chicken corneal epithelium, MDCK cells, and various human tissues indicated that pinin messages exhibit tissue-specific variation in size, ranging from 3.2 to 4.1 kb. Genomic Southern blots revealed the existence of one gene for pinin, suggesting alternative splicing of the mRNA. Expression of the full-length cDNA clones in human 293 cells and monkey COS-7 cells demonstrated that a 140-kD immunoreactive species on Western blots corresponded to pinin. Pinin cDNA transfected into the transformed 293 cells resulted in enhanced cell-cell adhesion. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expressed pinin protein was assembled to the lateral boundaries of the cells in contact, which is consistent with the staining pattern of pinin in epithelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- COS Cells/chemistry
- COS Cells/physiology
- COS Cells/ultrastructure
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cells, Cultured/chemistry
- Cells, Cultured/physiology
- Cells, Cultured/ultrastructure
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Desmosomes/chemistry
- Desmosomes/ultrastructure
- Dogs
- Epithelial Cells
- Epithelium/chemistry
- Epithelium/physiology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Distal/cytology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Chang Gung Medical College, Kwei-San, Tau-Yuan, China
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Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Schulman SP, Bray PF, Chandra NC, Grigoryev D, Dise KR, Sagar M, Fox RJ, Coleman LD, Richardson C, Dorsey FC, du Mee C, Kitt MM, Ouyang P, Baughman KL, Gerstenblith G. Refining the treatment of women with unstable angina--a randomized, double-blind, comparative safety and efficacy evaluation of Integrelin versus aspirin in the management of unstable angina. Clin Cardiol 1996; 19:869-74. [PMID: 8914780 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960191106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although women typically develop coronary artery disease several years after men, once they have symptomatic disease their thromboembolic complications are worse than in men. The mechanism mediating this gender difference in outcome after thromboembolic events is unknown. We previously studied platelet functions in siblings from patients with premature coronary artery disease. We observed that platelets from women are responsive than their male counterparts. In particular, platelets from women stimulated ex vivo with various agonists bind more fibrinogen molecules than platelets from men. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that in patients with acute coronary events, the control of platelet activity might require stronger antagonists in women than in men. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we investigated retrospectively the results of a trial on Integrelin in unstable angina. RESULTS We report that platelet aggregation and Holter-detected ischemic episodes are significantly reduced in women with unstable angina treated with the specific GPIIb-IIIa inhibitor, Integrelin, compared with the standard platelet inhibitor aspirin. In contrast, both platelet aggregation and Holter-detected ischemic events are well controlled in men with unstable angina treated with standard therapy including aspirin. CONCLUSION Integrelin does provide protection in men, but, in contrast with women, not beyond what can be achieved with aspirin. Our data are consistent with the concept that the platelets from women require stronger and more specific inhibitors to limit their activity, and that platelets may play a more important role in women with acute coronary syndromes than in men. Most important, specific GPIIb-IIIa inhibitors may represent a therapeutic option which provides as much suppression of ischemic events in women as they do in men with coronary artery disease.
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Li DW, Qio JW, Ouyang P, Yao QX, Dawei LD, Jiwen Q, Ping O, Qingxiao Y. High frequncies of fertilization and embryo formation in hexaploid wheat x Tripsacum dactyloides crosses. Theor Appl Genet 1996; 92:1103-1107. [PMID: 24166643 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/1995] [Accepted: 11/24/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Hexaploid wheat variety Fukuho was crossed with Tripsacum dactyloides (2n=4x=72). The total fertilization frequencies for the egg cell, polar nuclei, and both, were 58.3%, 26.8% and 58.9% of the 168 ovaries examined. However, the fertilization frequency of single polar nuclei was much lower at only 0.6%. The total frequency of fertilization was higher than that in wheat x maize crosses. A total of 49 hexaploid wheat varieties, including Hope carrying the dominant genes Kr1 and Kr2, were crossed with T. dactyloides, and most gave embryos. The embryoformation frequencies ranged from 0.5% to 59.0%. A higher frequency of 32.0% embryo formation was obtained following pollination of the variety Hope. In comparison with embryo formation in wheat x maize crosses the difference of embryo-formation frequencies between the two crosses was significant. The results of high frequencies of fertilization and embryo formation in wheat x T. dactyloides crosses indicated that the Kr genes are as inactive in wheat x T. dactyloides, as they are in wheat x maize crosses, and also that the efficiency of fertilization and embryo formation is higher in wheat x T. dactyloides than in what x maize crosses. The potential of wheat x T. dactyloides crosses for wheat haploid production and wheat improvement is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
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Ziegelstein RC, Cheng L, Aversano T, Ouyang P, Lakatta EG, Silverman HS. Increase in rat aortic endothelial free calcium mediated by metabolically sensitive calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum. Cardiovasc Res 1994; 28:1433-9. [PMID: 7954656 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/28.9.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the relationship between cellular metabolism and intracellular [Ca2+] in vascular endothelial cells, focusing on the timing, mechanism, and reversibility of intracellular [Ca2+] changes resulting from ATP depletion. METHODS Cultured rat aortic endothelial monolayers were loaded with indo-1 and exposed for 30 min to: (1) glucose-free buffer, (2) 10 mM deoxyglucose or iodoacetic acid (0.1 or 2.5 mM) to inhibit glycolysis, or (3) 2 mM NaCN to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation with or without glucose. In other experiments, the pH sensitive fluorescent indicator SNARF-1 was used to assess the relationship between observed changes in [Ca2+] and pH. RESULTS While glucose deprivation resulted in a minor increase in [Ca2+], glycolytic inhibition resulted in a larger, slowly developing, sustained increase in [Ca2+]. Endothelial [Ca2+] was not affected by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation alone, whereas a rapid, sustained, and largely reversible increase (approximately 102 nM) occurred when NaCN exposure was combined with glucose deprivation. The increase in [Ca2+] during glucose-free NaCN exposure was not altered when calcium influx was prevented by removal of extracellular calcium, but was abolished following depletion of an intracellular calcium store by the endoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. In SNARF-1 loaded monolayers, inhibition of glycolysis with iodoacetic acid decreased intracellular pH by 0.33(SEM 0.10) units whereas inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of glucose increased intracellular pH by 0.17(0.05) units. While these divergent pH changes were noted, [Ca2+] increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A metabolically sensitive endoplasmic reticular calcium store is rapidly and reversibly released in vascular endothelial cells. Endothelial [Ca2+] is shown to be dependent on glycolytic energy production. In the endothelial cell, brief periods of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of glucose rapidly affect intracellular calcium pools rather than leading to calcium influx due to non-specific cellular damage. Effects on intracellular pH alone cannot account for the changes in [Ca2+].
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ziegelstein
- Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Ouyang P, Becker LC, Effron MB, Herskowitz A, Weisfeldt ML. Hemodynamic vascular forces contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in reperfused canine epicardial coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:1216-23. [PMID: 8144792 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(94)90614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied canine coronary arterial vasoreactivity after occlusion and reperfusion to examine whether reduced flow or pressure contributed to the abnormalities observed. BACKGROUND Ischemia and reperfusion alter endothelial and myocardial function. Causative factors may include altered flow, complement activation or free radical production by endothelial or white blood cells after reoxygenation and neutrophil activation. METHODS The coronary arteries of anesthetized, open chest dogs were subjected to 90-min occlusion +/- 2 h of reperfusion. The effect of reperfusion on arterial responses to intracoronary acetylcholine, nitroprusside and phenylephrine was studied using in vivo ultrasound. Arterial segments were also harvested, perfused ex vivo with cell-free buffer and exposed to potassium chloride, nitroprusside, acetylcholine and bradykinin. The effect of ex vivo flow cessation with or without maintained intralumen pressure was also studied. RESULTS Results are expressed as mean value +/- SEM. In vivo arterial cross-sectional area increased during infusion with acetylcholine (10(-5) mol/liter [18.5 +/- 9%]) and nitroprusside (10(-5) mol/liter [22.5 +/- 10%]) and decreased with phenylephrine (10(-5) mol/liter [7.6 +/- 7%]). After reperfusion, acetylcholine caused 13.5 +/- 9% vasoconstriction. Nitroprusside and phenylephrine responses were unchanged. Reperfused arterial segments also showed impaired vasodilation in response to 10(-6) mol/liter of acetylcholine (10.6 +/- 5.1% vs. 47.1 +/- 4.9% in control vessels) and 10(-8) mol/liter of bradykinin (4.4 +/- 6.7% vs. 27.9 +/- 8% in control vessels). Ex vivo flow cessation impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, but this abnormality was prevented when high intralumen pressure was maintained during the no-flow period. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in flow and intralumen pressure contribute to the impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation seen after coronary occlusion. This is prevented by maintaining high intralumen pressure during the no-flow period, suggesting that hemodynamic forces may change endothelial function independent of circulating complement or blood cell elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Aversano T, Ouyang P, Silverman H, Ziegelstein RC, Gips S. Effect of blockade of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel on metabolic coronary vasodilation in the dog. Pharmacology 1993; 47:360-8. [PMID: 8278458 DOI: 10.1159/000139119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the ATP-sensitive potassium channel provides the link between change in coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand was tested in 9 dogs instrumented to measure coronary flow and regional wall thickening in the basal state and at a high level of myocardial oxygen consumption produced by systemic infusion of phenylephrine and simultaneous atrial pacing at an elevated heart rate. Measurements were recorded before and after blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels with intracoronary glibenclamide (2 mumol/min). While glibenclamide reduced the absolute level of coronary flow in the basal state, the increase in flow due to increased metabolic demand was unchanged compared with control. Thus, activity of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel determines the set point from which adjustments of coronary flow in response to metabolic stimuli occur, but does not provide a link between changes in oxygen demand and changes in coronary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aversano
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md
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46
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Chandra NC, Ouyang P, Abell RT, Gottlieb SO. Assessment of early post-infarction ischemia: correlation between ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise treadmill testing. Am J Med 1993; 95:371-6. [PMID: 8213868 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Demand-related myocardial ischemia detected by treadmill testing is commonly used to identify high-risk patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Although ischemia detected by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (AECG) has also been shown to predict poor outcome in some patient groups, the relationship between AECG-detected ischemic ST changes and post-MI treadmill ischemia is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We screened 94 patients after MI with 24-hour AECG monitoring and a Naughton treadmill test. Forty-two patients were excluded because of left bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal baseline ST segments, or digoxin therapy. In the remaining 52 patients, AECG was performed 5.1 +/- 2.2 days after MI (mean +/- SD) and the treadmill test 8.4 +/- 2.2 days after MI. Each patient was taking the same drugs for both studies, had no interim revascularization procedures, and all studies were interpreted blindly. RESULTS The treadmill test (ETT) was positive for ST changes and/or thallium reperfusion defects in 19 of 52 patients (36%). The AECG was positive for ischemia (ST depression greater than 1 mm, for more than 1 minute) in 14 of 52 patients (27%) (Group I), with 9.9 +/- 8.2 ischemic episodes per patient lasting 13.5 +/- 7.5 minutes per episode. The AECG was negative for ischemia in the remaining 38 patients (73%) (Group II). The ETT and AECG correlation was as follows: 9 patients with AECG-detected ischemic ST changes had positive ETT results; 10 patients without AECG-detected ischemic ST changes had positive ETT results; 5 patients with AECG-detected ischemic ST changes had negative ETT results; and 28 patients without AECG-detected ischemic ST changes had negative ETT results (p < 0.02 by chi 2). The predictive accuracy of a positive AECG identifying a positive ETT was 65% (specificity 85%, sensitivity 47%), and the predictive accuracy of a negative AECG identifying a negative ETT was 74%. Group I patients were older than Group II patients (63.6 +/- 8.2 years versus 53.2 +/- 10.6 years p < 0.02), more commonly had painless ETT ischemia (43% versus 18% p = 0.08), and tended to have positive ETT results at a lower level of exercise (366 +/- 210 seconds versus 588 +/- 212 seconds, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Ischemic ST changes as detected by AECG monitoring correlate significantly with post-MI treadmill test results with a high specificity, albeit a low sensitivity. In patients without baseline ST-segment abnormalities and limited exercise capability, AECG monitoring may be of limited use in identifying early post-MI ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Chandra
- Division of Cardiology, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Abstract
Using a mAb, referred to as 08L, we have identified a protein, of M(r) approximately 140,000, associated with desmosomes of epithelial cells. The 08L antibody stained the intracellular side of lateral cell margins of monolayer epithelial cells but did not stain cell margins free of cell contact. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the 08L antigen was localized to the cytosolic surface of the desmosomal plaque near points of intermediate filament convergence with apparently little staining of the desmosomal plaque proper. Western blots revealed the 08L antigen to be a protein, of M(r) approximately 140,000, found in the Triton-X 100 insoluble pellet. High salt-containing buffers extracted the 08L antigen from the insoluble material. Examination of the assembly of 08L to the desmosome complex, in cells grown in low confluent culture or in calcium-switch assays, by double immunofluorescence with 08L and anti-desmoplakin antibody, revealed that 08L was recruited to morphologically identifiable desmosomes. 08L antigen may exist in a cytosolic pool prior to assembly to the cell surface. The solubility of 08L in low calcium and normal calcium conditions, however, was similar. 08L association to the desmosome was correlated with increased organization of the intermediate filament network. We suggest that the 08L antigen may be involved in the organization and stabilization of the desmosome-IF complexes of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Abstract
Postinfarction angina carries a poor prognosis, with a 20-70% incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) or death within the subsequent 3-6 months. The pathophysiologic mechanisms causing postinfarction angina may include thrombus, complex coronary arterial lesions that form a nidus for thrombus formation, inadequate collateral supply following acute MI, or intimal endothelial dysfunction. The role of thrombus has been established in the pathophysiology of Q-wave MI, and thrombolytic treatment of patients presenting with acute transmural MI has been shown to salvage left ventricular function and to reduce mortality. However, thrombolytic therapy for the acute MI does not reduce the incidence of recurrent ischemia or infarction, as is evident from the 18-26% incidence of recurrent ischemia reported in the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trials. In the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) study the incidence of reinfarction was documented as 4% in the streptokinase group, which was actually significantly greater than in the placebo group (2%). In a randomized placebo-controlled study of thrombolysis for postinfarction angina, 29 patients were randomized to placebo (P group, n = 17) or to thrombolytic therapy (T group, n = 12). Patient groups were similar with respect to age, location of MI, ejection fraction, severity of coronary artery disease, and antianginal therapy. Patients underwent coronary angiography 6 +/- 1 days postinfarction. Filling defects consistent with intracoronary thrombus was seen in 11 of 12 T group patients and in 11 of 17 P group patients prior to treatment. Lysis occurred in 7 of 11 T patients and 1 of 11 P (p less than 0.02). Holter-detected silent ischemia was compared pre- and posttherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Abstract
The mechanism of reactive hyperemia remains unknown. We hypothesized that reactive hyperemia was related to the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels during coronary occlusion. The resulting hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle cell plasma membrane might reduce calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels and result in relaxation of smooth muscle tone and vasodilation. In eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs, 30-second coronary occlusions resulted in an average flow debt repayment of 200 +/- 41%. After low-dose (0.8 mumol/min) and high-dose (3.7 mumol/min) infusion of intracoronary glibenclamide, flow debt repayment fell to 76 +/- 14% and 50 +/- 8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 compared with control for both). The decline in flow debt repayment was due to a significant reduction both in maximum coronary conductance during reactive hyperemia and in its duration. In addition, there was a significant decline in the sensitivity of the coronary circulation to adenosine-induced vasodilation after glibenclamide. While more variable, there was no overall change in the sensitivity of the coronary vasculature to acetylcholine-induced vasodilation after glibenclamide. We conclude that reactive hyperemia is determined in a large part by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, probably through its effect on membrane potential and voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Because reactive hyperemia was never fully abolished at the highest doses of glibenclamide tested, it is possible that additional mechanisms are involved in the genesis of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aversano
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md
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50
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Ouyang P, Chandra NC, Gottlieb SO. Frequency and importance of silent myocardial ischemia identified with ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in the early in-hospital period after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65:267-70. [PMID: 2301253 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and clinical significance of silent myocardial ischemia occurring in the early period after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was studied in 59 patients who had an uncomplicated early course after admission for AMI. Calibrated 2-lead ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring performed for 39 +/- 2 hours starting 4 +/- 1 days after AMI identified silent myocardial ischemia, defined as greater than or equal to 1 mm ST-segment change lasting greater than or equal to 2 minutes, in 27 patients. These patients had 5 +/- 1 episodes lasting a median of 11 minutes/episode (range 2 to 36 minutes/episode). Patients with and without silent ischemia had comparable baseline demographics, were receiving similar anti-ischemic medications and had similar severity of coronary disease by angiography. No reinfarctions occurred during the in-hospital period. Fourteen of 27 patients (52%) with silent ischemia had greater than or equal to 1 in-hospital clinical ischemic event (pulmonary edema, n = 5, cardiac death, n = 1, and postinfarction angina, n = 11). In contrast, only 7 of 32 patients without silent ischemia (22%) had greater than or equal to 1 in-hospital event (pulmonary edema, n = 1, cardiac death, n = 1, and postinfarction angina, n = 6). The frequency of ischemic events was significantly greater in patients with silent ischemia compared to those without silent ischemia, p less than 0.02. Silent ischemia occurs frequently very early after AMI and identifies a group of patients who are at increased risk for adverse in-hospital clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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