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Brandt P, Bjerg B. Comparison of models for the relationship between respiration rate or rectal temperature and increased heat load in farm animals. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103770. [PMID: 38134537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is an increasing challenge for production animals, particularly in warmer regions of the world. The aim of this study was to compare the fit of three different relationships when modelling respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) in animals exposed to increased load. Data from three published studies on finishing pigs, gestating sows and dairy cows were analysed. RR and RT are characterized by being unaffected by increased heat load as long as it is kept below a certain level, and in warmer conditions they increase with increased heat load. As an expression of heat load either the air temperature or the ET (Effective Temperature) was used. The ET unites the effect of air temperature, air humidity and velocity on the animal perception of increased heat load. The relationship between RR and RT and the temperature or the ET was analysed by multiple change point regression and the cubic relationships were modelled. In general, the models provided better fits for RR compared to RT. Relationships with an unaffected piece followed by a quadratic relationship and the cubic relationships performed nearly equally well. Using ET resulted in better correlations than using temperature alone for gestating sows and dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Bjerg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Brandt P, Grønvig M, Rong L, Zhang G, Gautam K, Kristensen J, Bjerg B. The effect of floor cooling on respiration rate and distribution of pigs in the pen. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Roussos E, Kollmann P, Krupp N, Kotova A, Regoli L, Paranicas C, Mitchell DG, Krimigis SM, Hamilton D, Brandt P, Carbary J, Christon S, Dialynas K, Dandouras I, Hill ME, Ip WH, Jones GH, Livi S, Mauk BH, Palmaerts B, Roelof EC, Rymer A, Sergis N, Smith HT. A radiation belt of energetic protons located between Saturn and its rings. Science 2018; 362:362/6410/eaat1962. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Saturn has a sufficiently strong dipole magnetic field to trap high-energy charged particles and form radiation belts, which have been observed outside its rings. Whether stable radiation belts exist near the planet and inward of the rings was previously unknown. The Cassini spacecraft’s Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument obtained measurements of a radiation belt that lies just above Saturn’s dense atmosphere and is decoupled from the rest of the magnetosphere by the planet’s A- to C-rings. The belt extends across the D-ring and comprises protons produced through cosmic ray albedo neutron decay and multiple charge-exchange reactions. These protons are lost to atmospheric neutrals and D-ring dust. Strong proton depletions that map onto features on the D-ring indicate a highly structured and diverse dust environment near Saturn.
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Brandt P, Rousing T, Herskin M, Olsen E, Aaslyng M. Development of an index for the assessment of welfare of finishing pigs from farm to slaughter based on expert opinion. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Szczepanik A, Scisło L, Pach R, Kulig J, Brandt P, Walewska E, Nowak A, Gądek M, Puto G. 25. The impact of postoperative enteral immunonutrition on postoperative complications and survival in gastric cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Clark G, Cohen I, Westlake JH, Andrews GB, Brandt P, Gold RE, Gkioulidou MA, Hacala R, Haggerty D, Hill ME, Ho GC, Jaskulek SE, Kollmann P, Mauk BH, McNutt RL, Mitchell DG, Nelson KS, Paranicas C, Paschalidis N, Schlemm CE. The "Puck" energetic charged particle detector: Design, heritage, and advancements. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2016; 121:7900-7913. [PMID: 27867799 PMCID: PMC5101846 DOI: 10.1002/2016ja022579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Energetic charged particle detectors characterize a portion of the plasma distribution function that plays critical roles in some physical processes, from carrying the currents in planetary ring currents to weathering the surfaces of planetary objects. For several low-resource missions in the past, the need was recognized for a low-resource but highly capable, mass-species-discriminating energetic particle sensor that could also obtain angular distributions without motors or mechanical articulation. This need led to the development of a compact Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), known as the "Puck" EPD (short for hockey puck), that is capable of determining the flux, angular distribution, and composition of incident ions between an energy range of ~10 keV to several MeV. This sensor makes simultaneous angular measurements of electron fluxes from the tens of keV to about 1 MeV. The same measurements can be extended down to approximately 1 keV/nucleon, with some composition ambiguity. These sensors have a proven flight heritage record that includes missions such as MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and New Horizons, with multiple sensors on each of Juno, Van Allen Probes, and Magnetospheric Multiscale. In this review paper we discuss the Puck EPD design, its heritage, unexpected results from these past missions and future advancements. We also discuss high-voltage anomalies that are thought to be associated with the use of curved foils, which is a new foil manufacturing processes utilized on recent Puck EPD designs. Finally, we discuss the important role Puck EPDs can potentially play in upcoming missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Clark
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - I. Cohen
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - J. H. Westlake
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - G. B. Andrews
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - P. Brandt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. E. Gold
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - M. A. Gkioulidou
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. Hacala
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - D. Haggerty
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - M. E. Hill
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - G. C. Ho
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - S. E. Jaskulek
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - P. Kollmann
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - B. H. Mauk
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. L. McNutt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - K. S. Nelson
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - C. Paranicas
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | | | - C. E. Schlemm
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
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Brandt P, Aaslyng M, Rousing T, Schild SA, Herskin M. The relationship between selected physiological post-mortem measures and an overall pig welfare assessment from farm to slaughter. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schuler F, Brandt P, Wießner W. Isolierung von PS II-Partikeln mit in vivo Eigenschaften aus Euglena gracilis, Stamm Z / Isolation of PS II-Particels with in vivo Characteristics from Euglena gracilis, Stamm Z. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1982-3-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An improved method for isolation of (photosystem II)-particles from Euglena gracilis, strain Z was established. PS II-particles isolated by ultrasonic treatment and following differential centrifugation show fluorescence emission and absorption spectra identical with in vivo properties of Euglena gracilis. These PS II-particles have only PS II-activity and contain CP a, the typical chlorophyll-protein-complex of PS II. No contamination of PS I-components are detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Schuler
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Phykologie des Pflanzenphysiologischen Institutes der Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-3400 Göttingen
| | - P. Brandt
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Phykologie des Pflanzenphysiologischen Institutes der Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-3400 Göttingen
| | - W. Wießner
- Abteilung für Experimentelle Phykologie des Pflanzenphysiologischen Institutes der Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-3400 Göttingen
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Carbary
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - P. Brandt
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - E. C. Roelof
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Carbary
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - P. Brandt
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - E. C. Roelof
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
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Alyamani EJ, Brandt P, Pena JA, Major AM, Fox JG, Suerbaum S, Versalovic J. Helicobacter hepaticus catalase shares surface-predicted epitopes with mammalian catalases. Microbiology 2007; 153:1006-1016. [PMID: 17379710 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter hepaticus colonizes the murine intestine and has been associated with hepatic inflammation and neoplasia in susceptible mouse strains. In this study, the catalase of an enterohepatic Helicobacter was characterized for the first time. H. hepaticus catalase is a highly conserved enzyme that may be important for bacterial survival in the mammalian intestine. Recombinant H. hepaticus catalase was expressed in Escherichia coli in order to verify its enzymic activity in vitro. H. hepaticus catalase comprises 478 amino acids with a highly conserved haem-ligand domain. Three conserved motifs (R-F-Y-D, RERIPER and VVHAKG) in the haem-ligand domain and three surface-predicted motifs were identified in H. hepaticus catalase and are shared among bacterial and mammalian catalases. H. hepaticus catalase is present in the cytoplasmic and periplasmic compartments. Mice infected with H. hepaticus demonstrated immune responses to murine and H. hepaticus catalase, suggesting that Helicobacter catalase contains conserved structural motifs and may contribute to autoimmune responses. Antibodies to H. hepaticus catalase recognized murine hepatocyte catalase in hepatic tissue from infected mice. Antibodies from sera of H. hepaticus-infected mice reacted with peptides comprising two conserved surface-predicted motifs in H. hepaticus catalase. Catalases are highly conserved enzymes in bacteria and mammals that may contribute to autoimmune responses in animals infected with catalase-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam J Alyamani
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 01225, USA
| | | | - Jeremy A Pena
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela M Major
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular Virology & Microbiology, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lundin R, Winningham D, Barabash S, Frahm R, Holmström M, Sauvaud JA, Fedorov A, Asamura K, Coates AJ, Soobiah Y, Hsieh KC, Grande M, Koskinen H, Kallio E, Kozyra J, Woch J, Fraenz M, Brain D, Luhmann J, McKenna-Lawler S, Orsini RS, Brandt P, Wurz P. Plasma Acceleration Above Martian Magnetic Anomalies. Science 2006; 311:980-3. [PMID: 16484488 DOI: 10.1126/science.1122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Auroras are caused by accelerated charged particles precipitating along magnetic field lines into a planetary atmosphere, the auroral brightness being roughly proportional to the precipitating particle energy flux. The Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms experiment on the Mars Express spacecraft has made a detailed study of acceleration processes on the nightside of Mars. We observed accelerated electrons and ions in the deep nightside high-altitude region of Mars that map geographically to interface/cleft regions associated with martian crustal magnetization regions. By integrating electron and ion acceleration energy down to the upper atmosphere, we saw energy fluxes in the range of 1 to 50 milliwatts per square meter per second. These conditions are similar to those producing bright discrete auroras above Earth. Discrete auroras at Mars are therefore expected to be associated with plasma acceleration in diverging magnetic flux tubes above crustal magnetization regions, the auroras being distributed geographically in a complex pattern by the many multipole magnetic field lines extending into space.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lundin
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
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Dengler M, Schott FA, Eden C, Brandt P, Fischer J, Zantopp RJ. Break-up of the Atlantic deep western boundary current into eddies at 8° S. Nature 2004; 432:1018-20. [PMID: 15616560 DOI: 10.1038/nature03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The existence in the ocean of deep western boundary currents, which connect the high-latitude regions where deep water is formed with upwelling regions as part of the global ocean circulation, was postulated more than 40 years ago. These ocean currents have been found adjacent to the continental slopes of all ocean basins, and have core depths between 1,500 and 4,000 m. In the Atlantic Ocean, the deep western boundary current is estimated to carry (10-40) x 10(6) m3 s(-1) of water, transporting North Atlantic Deep Water--from the overflow regions between Greenland and Scotland and from the Labrador Sea--into the South Atlantic and the Antarctic circumpolar current. Here we present direct velocity and water mass observations obtained in the period 2000 to 2003, as well as results from a numerical ocean circulation model, showing that the Atlantic deep western boundary current breaks up at 8 degrees S. Southward of this latitude, the transport of North Atlantic Deep Water into the South Atlantic Ocean is accomplished by migrating eddies, rather than by a continuous flow. Our model simulation indicates that the deep western boundary current breaks up into eddies at the present intensity of meridional overturning circulation. For weaker overturning, continuation as a stable, laminar boundary flow seems possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dengler
- Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Lundin R, Barabash S, Andersson H, Holmström M, Grigoriev A, Yamauchi M, Sauvaud JA, Fedorov A, Budnik E, Thocaven JJ, Winningham D, Frahm R, Scherrer J, Sharber J, Asamura K, Hayakawa H, Coates A, Linder DR, Curtis C, Hsieh KC, Sandel BR, Grande M, Carter M, Reading DH, Koskinen H, Kallio E, Riihela P, Schmidt W, Säles T, Kozyra J, Krupp N, Woch J, Luhmann J, McKenna-Lawler S, Cerulli-Irelli R, Orsini S, Maggi M, Mura A, Milillo A, Roelof E, Williams D, Livi S, Brandt P, Wurz P, Bochsler P. Solar Wind-Induced Atmospheric Erosion at Mars: First Results from ASPERA-3 on Mars Express. Science 2004; 305:1933-6. [PMID: 15448263 DOI: 10.1126/science.1101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA) on board the Mars Express spacecraft found that solar wind plasma and accelerated ionospheric ions may be observed all the way down to the Mars Express pericenter of 270 kilometers above the dayside planetary surface. This is very deep in the ionosphere, implying direct exposure of the martian topside atmosphere to solar wind plasma forcing. The low-altitude penetration of solar wind plasma and the energization of ionospheric plasma may be due to solar wind irregularities or perturbations, to magnetic anomalies at Mars, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lundin
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - S. Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - H. Andersson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - M. Holmström
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. Grigoriev
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - M. Yamauchi
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J.-A. Sauvaud
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. Fedorov
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - E. Budnik
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J.-J. Thocaven
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - D. Winningham
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - R. Frahm
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J. Scherrer
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J. Sharber
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - K. Asamura
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - H. Hayakawa
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. Coates
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - D. R. Linder
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - C. Curtis
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - K. C. Hsieh
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - B. R. Sandel
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - M. Grande
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - M. Carter
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - D. H. Reading
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - H. Koskinen
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - E. Kallio
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P. Riihela
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - W. Schmidt
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - T. Säles
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J. Kozyra
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - N. Krupp
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J. Woch
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - J. Luhmann
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - S. McKenna-Lawler
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - R. Cerulli-Irelli
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - S. Orsini
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - M. Maggi
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. Mura
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - A. Milillo
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - E. Roelof
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - D. Williams
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - S. Livi
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P. Brandt
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P. Wurz
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
| | - P. Bochsler
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, BP-4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228–0510, USA
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamichara, Japan
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
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18
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Horn M, Collingro A, Schmitz-Esser S, Beier CL, Purkhold U, Fartmann B, Brandt P, Nyakatura GJ, Droege M, Frishman D, Rattei T, Mewes HW, Wagner M. Illuminating the evolutionary history of chlamydiae. Science 2004; 304:728-30. [PMID: 15073324 DOI: 10.1126/science.1096330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydiae are the major cause of preventable blindness and sexually transmitted disease. Genome analysis of a chlamydia-related symbiont of free-living amoebae revealed that it is twice as large as any of the pathogenic chlamydiae and had few signs of recent lateral gene acquisition. We showed that about 700 million years ago the last common ancestor of pathogenic and symbiotic chlamydiae was already adapted to intracellular survival in early eukaryotes and contained many virulence factors found in modern pathogenic chlamydiae, including a type III secretion system. Ancient chlamydiae appear to be the originators of mechanisms for the exploitation of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Horn
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Metzker ML, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Scherer S, Scott G, Steffen D, Worley KC, Burch PE, Okwuonu G, Hines S, Lewis L, DeRamo C, Delgado O, Dugan-Rocha S, Miner G, Morgan M, Hawes A, Gill R, Celera, Holt RA, Adams MD, Amanatides PG, Baden-Tillson H, Barnstead M, Chin S, Evans CA, Ferriera S, Fosler C, Glodek A, Gu Z, Jennings D, Kraft CL, Nguyen T, Pfannkoch CM, Sitter C, Sutton GG, Venter JC, Woodage T, Smith D, Lee HM, Gustafson E, Cahill P, Kana A, Doucette-Stamm L, Weinstock K, Fechtel K, Weiss RB, Dunn DM, Green ED, Blakesley RW, Bouffard GG, De Jong PJ, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Marra M, Schein J, Bosdet I, Fjell C, Jones S, Krzywinski M, Mathewson C, Siddiqui A, Wye N, McPherson J, Zhao S, Fraser CM, Shetty J, Shatsman S, Geer K, Chen Y, Abramzon S, Nierman WC, Havlak PH, Chen R, Durbin KJ, Simons R, Ren Y, Song XZ, Li B, Liu Y, Qin X, Cawley S, Worley KC, Cooney AJ, D'Souza LM, Martin K, Wu JQ, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Jackson AR, Kalafus KJ, McLeod MP, Milosavljevic A, Virk D, Volkov A, Wheeler DA, Zhang Z, Bailey JA, Eichler EE, Tuzun E, Birney E, Mongin E, Ureta-Vidal A, Woodwark C, Zdobnov E, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Alexandersson M, Trask BJ, Young JM, Huang H, Wang H, Xing H, Daniels S, Gietzen D, Schmidt J, Stevens K, Vitt U, Wingrove J, Camara F, Mar Albà M, Abril JF, Guigo R, Smit A, Dubchak I, Rubin EM, Couronne O, Poliakov A, Hübner N, Ganten D, Goesele C, Hummel O, Kreitler T, Lee YA, Monti J, Schulz H, Zimdahl H, Himmelbauer H, Lehrach H, Jacob HJ, Bromberg S, Gullings-Handley J, Jensen-Seaman MI, Kwitek AE, Lazar J, Pasko D, Tonellato PJ, Twigger S, Ponting CP, Duarte JM, Rice S, Goodstadt L, Beatson SA, Emes RD, Winter EE, Webber C, Brandt P, Nyakatura G, Adetobi M, Chiaromonte F, Elnitski L, Eswara P, Hardison RC, Hou M, Kolbe D, Makova K, Miller W, Nekrutenko A, Riemer C, Schwartz S, Taylor J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Lindpaintner K, Andrews TD, Caccamo M, Clamp M, Clarke L, Curwen V, Durbin R, Eyras E, Searle SM, Cooper GM, Batzoglou S, Brudno M, Sidow A, Stone EA, Venter JC, Payseur BA, Bourque G, López-Otín C, Puente XS, Chakrabarti K, Chatterji S, Dewey C, Pachter L, Bray N, Yap VB, Caspi A, Tesler G, Pevzner PA, Haussler D, Roskin KM, Baertsch R, Clawson H, Furey TS, Hinrichs AS, Karolchik D, Kent WJ, Rosenbloom KR, Trumbower H, Weirauch M, Cooper DN, Stenson PD, Ma B, Brent M, Arumugam M, Shteynberg D, Copley RR, Taylor MS, Riethman H, Mudunuri U, Peterson J, Guyer M, Felsenfeld A, Old S, Mockrin S, Collins F. Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature 2004; 428:493-521. [PMID: 15057822 DOI: 10.1038/nature02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1512] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality 'draft' covering over 90% of the genome. The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu
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20
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Zimdahl H, Nyakatura G, Brandt P, Schulz H, Hummel O, Fartmann B, Brett D, Droege M, Monti J, Lee YA, Sun Y, Zhao S, Winter EE, Ponting CP, Chen Y, Kasprzyk A, Birney E, Ganten D, Hubner N. A SNP Map of the Rat Genome Generated from cDNA Sequences. Science 2004; 303:807. [PMID: 14764869 DOI: 10.1126/science.1092427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Zimdahl
- Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rossle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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21
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Suerbaum S, Josenhans C, Sterzenbach T, Drescher B, Brandt P, Bell M, Droge M, Fartmann B, Fischer HP, Ge Z, Horster A, Holland R, Klein K, Konig J, Macko L, Mendz GL, Nyakatura G, Schauer DB, Shen Z, Weber J, Frosch M, Fox JG. The complete genome sequence of the carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter hepaticus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:7901-6. [PMID: 12810954 PMCID: PMC164685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1332093100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter hepaticus causes chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in mice. It is the prototype enterohepatic Helicobacter species and a close relative of Helicobacter pylori, also a recognized carcinogen. Here we report the complete genome sequence of H. hepaticus ATCC51449. H. hepaticus has a circular chromosome of 1,799,146 base pairs, predicted to encode 1,875 proteins. A total of 938, 953, and 821 proteins have orthologs in H. pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, and both pathogens, respectively. H. hepaticus lacks orthologs of most known H. pylori virulence factors, including adhesins, the VacA cytotoxin, and almost all cag pathogenicity island proteins, but has orthologs of the C. jejuni adhesin PEB1 and the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). The genome contains a 71-kb genomic island (HHGI1) and several genomic islets whose G+C content differs from the rest of the genome. HHGI1 encodes three basic components of a type IV secretion system and other virulence protein homologs, suggesting a role of HHGI1 in pathogenicity. The genomic variability of H. hepaticus was assessed by comparing the genomes of 12 H. hepaticus strains with the sequenced genome by microarray hybridization. Although five strains, including all those known to have caused liver disease, were indistinguishable from ATCC51449, other strains lacked between 85 and 229 genes, including large parts of HHGI1, demonstrating extensive variation of genome content within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Suerbaum
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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Glaser P, Frangeul L, Buchrieser C, Rusniok C, Amend A, Baquero F, Berche P, Bloecker H, Brandt P, Chakraborty T, Charbit A, Chetouani F, Couvé E, de Daruvar A, Dehoux P, Domann E, Domínguez-Bernal G, Duchaud E, Durant L, Dussurget O, Entian KD, Fsihi H, García-del Portillo F, Garrido P, Gautier L, Goebel W, Gómez-López N, Hain T, Hauf J, Jackson D, Jones LM, Kaerst U, Kreft J, Kuhn M, Kunst F, Kurapkat G, Madueno E, Maitournam A, Vicente JM, Ng E, Nedjari H, Nordsiek G, Novella S, de Pablos B, Pérez-Diaz JC, Purcell R, Remmel B, Rose M, Schlueter T, Simoes N, Tierrez A, Vázquez-Boland JA, Voss H, Wehland J, Cossart P. Comparative genomics of Listeria species. Science 2001; 294:849-52. [PMID: 11679669 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 918] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen with a high mortality rate that has also emerged as a paradigm for intracellular parasitism. We present and compare the genome sequences of L. monocytogenes (2,944,528 base pairs) and a nonpathogenic species, L. innocua (3,011,209 base pairs). We found a large number of predicted genes encoding surface and secreted proteins, transporters, and transcriptional regulators, consistent with the ability of both species to adapt to diverse environments. The presence of 270 L. monocytogenes and 149 L. innocua strain-specific genes (clustered in 100 and 63 islets, respectively) suggests that virulence in Listeria results from multiple gene acquisition and deletion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Glaser
- Génomique des Microorganismes Pathogènes, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Service d'Informatique Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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23
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Abstract
Rate constants and heats of reaction for the aromatization of benzene oxide (1) and the acid-catalyzed aromatization of benzene hydrate (2) in highly aqueous solution giving phenol and benzene, respectively, have been measured by heat-flow microcalorimetry. The measured heat of reaction of benzene oxide, DeltaH = -57.0 kcal mol(-1), is much larger than that of benzene hydrate, DeltaH = -38.7 kcal mol(-1), despite an unusually low reactivity of benzene oxide, rate ratio 0.08. The measured enthalpies agree with those calculated using the B3LYP hybrid functional corrected with solvation energies derived from semiempirical AM1/SM2 calculations. Comparison with the measured enthalpies of the corresponding reactions of the structurally related 1,3-cyclohexadiene oxide (3) and 2-cyclohexenol (4) of DeltaH = -24.9 kcal mol(-1) (includes a small calculated correction of -1.2 kcal mol(-1)) and DeltaH approximately 0 kcal mol(-1), respectively, gives a smaller aromatization energy for the benzene oxide than for the benzene hydrate reaction (DeltaDeltaDeltaH = 6.6 kcal mol(-1)). This suggests that benzene oxide is unusually stabilized by a significant amount of homoaromatization as has been proposed previously (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5458). This unusual stability accounts for more than half of the approximately 10(7) times lower than expected reactivity of benzene oxide toward acid-catalyzed isomerization. The rest is suggested to originate from an unusually high energy of the carbocation-forming transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Jia
- Contribution from the Institute of Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Box 531, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior emergency department (ED) and inpatient studies have found that women with coronary artery disease are more frequently misdiagnosed and undertreated compared with men. This study was performed to determine whether there is a gender bias in the prehospital management of patients with acute chest pain. METHODS This study was performed in a large urban county emergency medical services (EMS) agency with approximately 40,000 patient contacts/year. The study population comprised consecutive patients > or = 45 years old with a chief complaint of atraumatic chest pain. Using chi2 analysis and the unpaired Student's t-test, male and female patient encounters were compared. This study had >80% power (alpha 0.05) to detect a 3% difference between populations. RESULTS Data from 2,858 consecutive patient encounters were analyzed, with females comprising 1,508 (53%). Females were significantly older than males (67 +/- 13.1 vs. 62.7 +/- 12.3 years, p < 0.001). Male patients were more likely to receive aspirin (42.3% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) and 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) (46.8% vs. 39.3%, p < 0.001) compared with female patients. The rates of transport refusal, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and narcotic administration did not differ between populations. CONCLUSION Although females presenting to this urban EMS system with acute chest pain were older, they received significantly less aspirin and fewer 12-lead ECGs in the field. These results suggest strategies must be developed to ensure that appropriate therapy is provided to women presenting to EMS systems with acute cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Rothrock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Florida 32806, USA
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Pickett KE, Abrams B, Schauffler HH, Savage J, Brandt P, Kalkbrenner A, Chapman SA. Coverage of tobacco dependence treatments for pregnant smokers in health maintenance organizations. Am J Public Health 2001; 91:1393-4. [PMID: 11527766 PMCID: PMC1446789 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.9.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K E Pickett
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Ill 60637, USA.
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Brandt P. [To die alone: a symptom of dehumanization?]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001; 163:3047. [PMID: 11449826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Abstract
A new generation of 2-aza-norbornyl amino alcohol ligands for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction of aromatic ketones was synthesized. Extremely active catalysts were formed by introducing a ketal functionality at the rear end of the ligand. Acetophenone was reduced in 96% ee at low catalyst loading, substrate to catalyst ratio, S/C 5000, within 90 minutes with isopropyl alcohol as the hydrogen donor. It was found that the dioxolane substituent in the ligand increased the turnover frequency, TOF50, from 1050 h(-1) to 3000 h(-1) at an S/C ratio of 1000. Introduction of a methyl group at the carbinol carbon resulted in TOF50 as high as 8500 h(-1). Transfer hydrogenation of a range of aromatic ketones was evaluated and found to reach completion within 30 minutes at room temperature, and excellent enantioselectivity, up to 99 % ee, was obtained. A possible explanation for the enhanced activity was provided by density functional calculations, which showed that the presence of a remote dipole in the ligand lowered the transition state energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Nordin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Salanoubat M, Lemcke K, Rieger M, Ansorge W, Unseld M, Fartmann B, Valle G, Blöcker H, Perez-Alonso M, Obermaier B, Delseny M, Boutry M, Grivell LA, Mache R, Puigdomènech P, De Simone V, Choisne N, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Brottier P, Wincker P, Cattolico L, Weissenbach J, Saurin W, Quétier F, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Benes V, Wurmbach E, Drzonek H, Erfle H, Jordan N, Bangert S, Wiedelmann R, Kranz H, Voss H, Holland R, Brandt P, Nyakatura G, Vezzi A, D'Angelo M, Pallavicini A, Toppo S, Simionati B, Conrad A, Hornischer K, Kauer G, Löhnert TH, Nordsiek G, Reichelt J, Scharfe M, Schön O, Bargues M, Terol J, Climent J, Navarro P, Collado C, Perez-Perez A, Ottenwälder B, Duchemin D, Cooke R, Laudie M, Berger-Llauro C, Purnelle B, Masuy D, de Haan M, Maarse AC, Alcaraz JP, Cottet A, Casacuberta E, Monfort A, Argiriou A, flores M, Liguori R, Vitale D, Mannhaupt G, Haase D, Schoof H, Rudd S, Zaccaria P, Mewes HW, Mayer KF, Kaul S, Town CD, Koo HL, Tallon LJ, Jenkins J, Rooney T, Rizzo M, Walts A, Utterback T, Fujii CY, Shea TP, Creasy TH, Haas B, Maiti R, Wu D, Peterson J, Van Aken S, Pai G, Militscher J, Sellers P, Gill JE, Feldblyum TV, Preuss D, Lin X, Nierman WC, Salzberg SL, White O, Venter JC, Fraser CM, Kaneko T, Nakamura Y, Sato S, Kato T, Asamizu E, Sasamoto S, Kimura T, Idesawa K, Kawashima K, Kishida Y, Kiyokawa C, Kohara M, Matsumoto M, Matsuno A, Muraki A, Nakayama S, Nakazaki N, Shinpo S, Takeuchi C, Wada T, Watanabe A, Yamada M, Yasuda M, Tabata S. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 2000; 408:820-2. [PMID: 11130713 DOI: 10.1038/35048706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model system for plant biologists. In 1996 an international collaboration (the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative) was formed to sequence the whole genome of Arabidopsis and in 1999 the sequence of the first two chromosomes was reported. The sequence of the last three chromosomes and an analysis of the whole genome are reported in this issue. Here we present the sequence of chromosome 3, organized into four sequence segments (contigs). The two largest (13.5 and 9.2 Mb) correspond to the top (long) and the bottom (short) arms of chromosome 3, and the two small contigs are located in the genetically defined centromere. This chromosome encodes 5,220 of the roughly 25,500 predicted protein-coding genes in the genome. About 20% of the predicted proteins have significant homology to proteins in eukaryotic genomes for which the complete sequence is available, pointing to important conserved cellular functions among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salanoubat
- Genoscope and CNRS FRE2231, Evry, France. salanou@genoscope. cns.fr
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Abstract
During a screening program intended to identify genes encoding enzymes typical for secondary metabolism in Sorangium cellulosum So ce90, an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase gene (ddc) was detected. Expression of ddc in Escherichia coli and subsequent enzyme assays with cell-free extracts confirmed the proposed function derived from amino acid sequence comparisons. In contrast to other aromatic amino acid decarboxylases of eukaryotic origin, the S. cellulosum Ddc converted only L-dihydroxy phenylalanine. This is the first report of a gene encoding an L-dihydroxy phenylalanine decarboxylase in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Müller
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansroge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Müller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Bountry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Rose M. Progress in Arabidopsis genome sequencing and functional genomics. J Biotechnol 2000; 78:281-92. [PMID: 10751689 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has a relatively small genome of approximately 130 Mb containing about 10% repetitive DNA. Genome sequencing studies reveal a gene-rich genome, predicted to contain approximately 25000 genes spaced on average every 4.5 kb. Between 10 to 20% of the predicted genes occur as clusters of related genes, indicating that local sequence duplication and subsequent divergence generates a significant proportion of gene families. In addition to gene families, repetitive sequences comprise individual and small clusters of two to three retroelements and other classes of smaller repeats. The clustering of highly repetitive elements is a striking feature of the A. thaliana genome emerging from sequence and other analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wambutt
- AGOWA GmbH, Glienicker Weg 185, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Buhk HJ, Brandt P. Entwicklung und administrative Regulierung der Gentechnik: Nebeneinander oder Gegeneinander? Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s001030050015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brandt P. Prinzipien der Risikoerwägung zur "Grünen Gentechnik". Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s001030050006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Silakowski B, Schairer HU, Ehret H, Kunze B, Weinig S, Nordsiek G, Brandt P, Blöcker H, Höfle G, Beyer S, Müller R. New lessons for combinatorial biosynthesis from myxobacteria. The myxothiazol biosynthetic gene cluster of Stigmatella aurantiaca DW4/3-1. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:37391-9. [PMID: 10601310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.52.37391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic mta gene cluster responsible for myxothiazol formation from the fruiting body forming myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca DW4/3-1 was sequenced and analyzed. Myxothiazol, an inhibitor of the electron transport via the bc(1)-complex of the respiratory chain, is biosynthesized by a unique combination of several polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), which are activated by the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase MtaA. Genomic replacement of a fragment of mtaB and insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene into mtaA both impaired myxothiazol synthesis. Genes mtaC and mtaD encode the enzymes for bis-thiazol(ine) formation and chain extension on one pure NRPS (MtaC) and on a unique combination of PKS and NRPS (MtaD). The genes mtaE and mtaF encode PKSs including peptide fragments with homology to methyltransferases. These methyltransferase modules are assumed to be necessary for the formation of the proposed methoxy- and beta-methoxy-acrylate intermediates of myxothiazol biosynthesis. The last gene of the cluster, mtaG, again resembles a NRPS and provides insight into the mechanism of the formation of the terminal amide of myxothiazol. The carbon backbone of an amino acid added to the myxothiazol-acid is assumed to be removed via an unprecedented module with homology to monooxygenases within MtaG.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Silakowski
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Mascheroder Weg 1, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Mayer K, Schüller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Müller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kötter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blöcker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Löhnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mündlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 1999; 402:769-77. [PMID: 10617198 DOI: 10.1038/47134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mayer
- GSF-Forschungszentrum f. Umwelt u. Gesundheit, Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences am Max-Planck-Institut f. Biochemie, Germany
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Brandt P, Romeiser R, Rubino A. On the determination of characteristics of the interior ocean dynamics from radar signatures of internal solitary waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brandt P. Childhood diabetes: behavioral research. Annu Rev Nurs Res 1998; 16:63-82. [PMID: 9695887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The major emphasis of behavioral research related to childhood diabetes has been on the child's physical and emotional outcomes, the family's response, and adherence issues. This research review focuses on adherence and related youth and family functioning. Descriptive and intervention studies are critiqued. Common conceptual and methodological issues are discussed with recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandt
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, USA
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Hess M, Blöcker H, Brandt P. The complete nucleotide sequence of the egg drop syndrome virus: an intermediate between mastadenoviruses and aviadenoviruses. Virology 1997; 238:145-56. [PMID: 9375018 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of an avian adenovirus, the egg drop syndrome (EDS) virus, was determined. The total genome length is 33,213 nucleotides, resulting in a molecular weight of 21.9 x 10(6). The GC content is only 42.5%. Between map units 3.5 and 76.9, the distribution of open reading frames with homology to known genes is similar to that reported for other mammalian and avian adenoviruses. However, no homologies to adenovirus genes such as E1A, pIX, pV, and E3 could be found. Outside this region, several open reading frames were identified without any obvious homology to known adenovirus proteins. In the region organized similarly as other adenoviral genomes, most homologies were found to an ovine adenovirus (OAV strain 287). The highest level of amino acid identity was found for the hexon proteins of EDS and OAV. The virus-associated RNA (VA RNA) was identified thanks to the homology with the VA RNA of fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAV1). Similarities with FAV1 were also found in the fiber protein. Our results demonstrate that the avian EDS virus represents an intermediate between mammalian and avian adenoviruses. The nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of the EDS virus reflect the heterogeneity of the aviadenovirus genus and the Adenoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hess
- Institut für Geflügelkrankheiten, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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39
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Abstract
In the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana eight mosaic open reading frames arose by recombination of fragments duplicated from one or more mitochondrial genes. These duplications represent unedited sequences, suggesting their derivation from genomic DNA rather than RNA. Five of the chimeric reading frames contain the information for the N-terminus of the original polypeptide and 5' upstream regions. These observations suggest that the generation of novel open reading frames in plant mitochondria can occur rather easily by chance extensions of duplicated gene fragments. The presence of so many mosaic open reading frames in the normal Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial genome suggests that such recombined sequences interfere only occasionally and fortuitously with the peak mitochondrial performance presumably required during pollen maturation, and usually do not cause a cytoplasmic male sterile phenotype.
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41
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Jacq C, Alt-Mörbe J, Andre B, Arnold W, Bahr A, Ballesta JP, Bargues M, Baron L, Becker A, Biteau N, Blöcker H, Blugeon C, Boskovic J, Brandt P, Brückner M, Buitrago MJ, Coster F, Delaveau T, del Rey F, Dujon B, Eide LG, Garcia-Cantalejo JM, Goffeau A, Gomez-Peris A, Zaccaria P. The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Nature 1997; 387:75-8. [PMID: 9169867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The complete DNA sequence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV has been determined. Apart from chromosome XII, which contains the 1-2 Mb rDNA cluster, chromosome IV is the longest S. cerevisiae chromosome. It was split into three parts, which were sequenced by a consortium from the European Community, the Sanger Centre, and groups from St Louis and Stanford in the United States. The sequence of 1,531,974 base pairs contains 796 predicted or known genes, 318 (39.9%) of which have been previously identified. Of the 478 new genes, 225 (28.3%) are homologous to previously identified genes and 253 (32%) have unknown functions or correspond to spurious open reading frames (ORFs). On average there is one gene approximately every two kilobases. Superimposed on alternating regional variations in G+C composition, there is a large central domain with a lower G+C content that contains all the yeast transposon (Ty) elements and most of the tRNA genes. Chromosome IV shares with chromosomes II, V, XII, XIII and XV some long clustered duplications which partly explain its origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jacq
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, URA 1302 du CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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Abstract
We have determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, affording access to the first of its three genomes. The 366,924 nucleotides code for 57 identified genes, which cover only 10% of the genome. Introns in these genes add about 8%, open reading frames larger than 100 amino acids represent 10% of the genome, duplications account for 7%, remnants of retrotransposons of nuclear origin contribute 4% and integrated plastid sequences amount to 1%-leaving 60% of the genome unaccounted for. With the significant contribution of duplications, imported foreign DNA and the extensive background of apparently functionless sequences, the mosaic structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial genome features many aspects of size-relaxed nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Unseld
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung, Berlin, Germany
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Marienfeld J, Unseld M, Brandt P, Brennicke A. Genomic recombination of the mitochondrial atp6 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana at the protein processing site creates two different presequences. DNA Res 1996; 3:287-90. [PMID: 9039497 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/3.5.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mitochondrial genome of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana the atp6 open reading frame is located on the border of one of the repeats resulting in two copies with different presequence extensions. The two presequences of 135 and 97 amino acids respectively show no similarity to each other, while the mature protein sequences are identical. Both preproteins are most likely synthesized in Arabidopsis mitochondria from promoter elements upstream of each copy. The presence of two arrangements in the mitochondrial genome of fertile Arabidopsis plants suggests this recombination to be unrelated to a cytoplasmic male sterile phenotype. This recombination precisely at the mature protein terminus is reminiscent of the domain shuffling model in protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marienfeld
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung, Berlin, Germany
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Knoop V, Unseld M, Marienfeld J, Brandt P, Sünkel S, Ullrich H, Brennicke A. copia-, gypsy- and LINE-like retrotransposon fragments in the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 1996; 142:579-85. [PMID: 8852855 PMCID: PMC1206990 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/142.2.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several retrotransposon fragments are integrated in the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. These insertions are derived from all three classes of nuclear retrotransposons, the Ty1/copia-, Ty3/gypsy- and non-LTR/LINE-families. Members of the Ty3/gypsy group of elements have not yet been identified in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis. The varying degrees of similarity with nuclear elements and the dispersed locations of the sequences in the mitochondrial genome suggest numerous independent transfer-insertion events in the evolutionary history of this plant mitochondrial genome. Overall, we estimate remnants of retrotransposons to cover > or = 5% of the mitochondrial genome in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Knoop
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Magyary D, Brandt P. A school-based self-management program for youth with chronic health conditions and their parents. Can J Nurs Res 1996; 28:57-77. [PMID: 9128476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Self-Management Program was a school-based intervention for 65 school-aged children with a chronic health condition and their parents. Through the peer group process, a cognitive-behavioural intervention was used to promote the child's self-management of the stresses associated with the chronic condition. Groups were also held to support parents in helping the child to use the newly acquired self-management strategies. A pre- and post-test waiting control group design examined treatment effects on therapeutic adherence, child self-responsibility, and child self-efficacy. Children in the intervention group, in comparison to those in the control group, showed significantly higher therapeutic adherence and more self-responsibility in the management of the health condition. By two months, the improvements in self-responsibility had begun to fade as reported by the children, but remained significant as reported by the parents. No significant differences were found on the self-efficacy measure. Goal attainment, child and parent learning, and consumer satisfaction were also found to be evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Magyary
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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46
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Brandt P, Ramlow S, Otto B, Bloecker H. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 32,500 bp region of the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV. Yeast 1996; 12:85-90. [PMID: 8789263 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199601)12:1%3c85::aid-yea890%3e3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have sequenced a region containing 32.5 kb of the right arm of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Twenty open reading frames (ORFs) greater than 100 amino acids could be identified in this region. Six ORFs correspond to known yeast genes, including DOA4, UBC5 and UBC3, the gene products of which are involved in ubiquitin metabolism. UBC5 is preceded by the two tRNA genes tRNA-Arg2 and tRNA-Asp. Six genes were discovered with homologies to non-yeast genes or with homologies to other yeast ORFs. One of these could be identified as ribosomal protein gene RPS13. The putative function of eight ORFs remains unclear because comparison to different DNA or protein databases revealed no significant patterns. The sequence from cosmid 2F21 was obtained entirely by a combined subcloning and walking primer strategy, and has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X84162.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brandt
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig, Germany
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47
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Abstract
Professional standards of practice provide a basis for valid and reliable assessments and quality assurance. The purpose of this case study research was to evaluate a nursing standard, Family Coping, in two families with an infant with cerebral palsy. An assessment protocol was developed from the Family Coping standard and provided the basis for a comprehensive assessment. The case study provided the format and methodologies for implementing the assessment protocol. Patterns of family coping were derived from data collection that occurred at different times and through the use of multiple methods and respondents. The findings of this study confirmed the value of multiple sources of evidence for deriving a diagnosis from which a plan of treatment could be developed. The Family Coping standard proved to be useful for nursing practice by providing a theoretically and empirically based standard for guiding the assessment of family coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Block
- Highline Public School, Seattle, WA
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48
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Unseld M, Beyermann B, Brandt P, Hiesel R. Identification of the species origin of highly processed meat products by mitochondrial DNA sequences. PCR Methods Appl 1995; 4:241-3. [PMID: 8574194 DOI: 10.1101/gr.4.4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Unseld
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Klein M, Eckert-Ossenkopp U, Schmiedeberg I, Brandt P, Unseld M, Brennicke A, Schuster W. Physical mapping of the mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana by cosmid and YAC clones. Plant J 1994; 6:447-455. [PMID: 7920724 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.06030447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As part of the worldwide efforts at molecular analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant the complete structure of the mitochondrial genome has been determined. The mitochondrial DNA molecules were mapped by restriction fragment analysis of more than 300 cosmid clones and purified mitochondrial DNA. The entire genome of 372 kb is contained in three different configurations of circular molecules and is split into two additional subgenomic molecules of 234 kb and 138 kb, respectively. These arrangements result from recombinations of the two sets of repeats present in combinations of inverted and/or direct orientation. Alignment of YAC clones confirms the in vivo presence of continuous DNA molecules of more than 300 kb in A. thaliana mitochondria. The presence of this comparatively large mitochondrial genome in a plant with one of the smallest nuclear genomes shows that different size constraints act upon the different genomes in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klein
- Institut für Genbiologische Forschung GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Brandt P. [Social problems of psychotic patients]. Ugeskr Laeger 1994; 156:825-6. [PMID: 8016992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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