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Alvarez A, Rodríguez-Garrido B, Cerdeira-Pérez A, Tomé-Pérez A, Kidd P, Prieto-Fernández A. Enhanced biodegradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers by Sphingobium sp. strain D4 in the presence of root exudates or in co-culture with HCH-mobilizing strains. J Hazard Mater 2022; 433:128764. [PMID: 35390620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lindane and other 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers are persistent organic pollutants highly hydrophobic, which hampers their availability and biodegradation. This work aimed at (i) investigating genes encoding enzymes involved in HCH degradation in the bacterium Sphingobium sp. D4, (ii) selecting strains, from a collection of environmental isolates, able to mobilize HCHs from contaminated soil, and (iii) analysing the biodegradation of HCHs by strain D4 in co-culture with HCH-mobilizing strains or when cultivated with root exudates. Fragments of the same size and similar sequence to linA and linB genes were successfully amplified. Two isolates, Streptomyces sp. M7 and Rhodococcus erythropolis ET54b able to produce emulsifiers and to mobilize HCH isomers from soil were selected. Biodegradation of HCH isomers by strain D4 was enhanced when co-inoculated with HCH mobilizing strains or when cultivated with root exudates. The degrader strain D4 was able to decompose very efficiently HCHs isomers, reducing their concentration in soil slurries by more than 95% (from an average initial amount of 50 ± 8 mg HCH kg-1 soil) in 9 days. The combination of HCH-degrading and HCH-mobilizing strains can be considered a promising inoculum for future soil bioremediation studies using bioaugmentation techniques or in combination with plants in rhizodegradation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Alvarez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Miguel Lillo 205, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - Andrea Cerdeira-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - Alba Tomé-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - Angeles Prieto-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. de Vigo s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain.
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Ważny R, Rozpądek P, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Domka A, Nosek M, Kidd P, Turnau K. Phytohormone based biostimulant combined with plant growth promoting endophytic fungus enhances Ni phytoextraction of Noccaea goesingensis. Sci Total Environ 2021; 789:147950. [PMID: 34082195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of Ni phytoextraction, the metal hyperaccumulator N. goesingensis was subject to treatment with a combination of a Ni uptake stimulating microorganism and the commercially available, IAA- based biostimulating seaweed extract - Kelpak. Additionally, we compared the plant growth promoting and Ni uptake capabilities of the two biofertilizers. Treatment with the Kelpak alone had no significant effect on plant growth or Ni accumulation. Inoculation of N. goesingensis with Phomopsis columnaris significantly improved the biomass of the hyperaccumulating plant and Ni yield per plant and improved several plant biometric features such as fresh and dry weight and several others related to leaf and root size. However, the combination of the two treatments yielded the best results; plants treated with the two growth promoting agents yielded 85% more biomass compared to not treated plants and accumulated 48% more Ni per plant. To verify plant inoculation with the fungus we generated a GFP expressing strain of P. columnaris and visualized the fungus in both plant leaves and roots. To trace the development of the fungus in planta and to evaluate the effect of biostimulant treatment on mycelium development fungal translational elongation factor 1α (tef1α) DNA was quantified with qPCR. Upon biofertilizer the abundance P. columnaris in plant leaves increased nearly 5-fold. The utilization of plant growth stimulating microorganisms, endophytic fungi in particular, can significantly improve Ni phytoextraction in hyperaccumulator N. goesingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman J Jędrzejczyk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domka
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Ważny R, Rozpądek P, Domka A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Nosek M, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Lichtscheidl I, Kidd P, Turnau K. The effect of endophytic fungi on growth and nickel accumulation in Noccaea hyperaccumulators. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:144666. [PMID: 33736318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of endophytic fungi isolated from different populations of European Ni hyperaccumulators was investigated in regard to the microorganisms' ability to enhance the hyperaccumulation of Ni in Noccaea caerulescens. Effects of particular species of endophytic fungi on adaptation of N. caerulescens to excess Ni were tested by co-cultivation with single strains of the fungi. Seven of these had a positive effect on plant biomass production, whereas two of the tested species inhibited plant growth; biomass production of inoculated plants was significantly different compared to non-inoculated control. Inoculation with six fungal strains: Embellisia thlaspis, Pyrenochaeta cava, Phomopsis columnaris, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria sp. stimulated the plant to uptake and accumulate more Ni in both roots and shoots, compared to non-inoculated control. P. columnaris was isolated from all plant species sampled. Strains isolated from Noccaea caerulescens and Noccaea goesingensis increased Ni root and shoot accumulation of their native hosts (compared to non-inoculated control). Inoculation of different populations of Noccaea with P. columnaris of foreign origin did not cause its host to accumulate more Ni, with the exception of the Ni-unadapted ecotype of N. goesingensis. Inoculation with P. columnaris from N. caerulescens significantly improved Ni uptake, but the effect of the fungus was not as prominent as in the case of N. caerulescens. By comparing the transcriptomes of N. caerulescens and N. goesingensis from Flatz inoculated with P. columnaris, we showed that enhanced uptake and accumulation of Ni in the plants is accompanied by an upregulation of several genes mainly involved in plant stress protection and metal uptake and compartmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domka
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman J Jędrzejczyk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. de Vigo, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Garbisu C, Alkorta I, Kidd P, Epelde L, Mench M. Keep and promote biodiversity at polluted sites under phytomanagement. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:44820-44834. [PMID: 32975751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytomanagement concept combines a sustainable reduction of pollutant linkages at risk-assessed contaminated sites with the generation of both valuable biomass for the (bio)economy and ecosystem services. One of the potential benefits of phytomanagement is the possibility to increase biodiversity in polluted sites. However, the unique biodiversity present in some polluted sites can be severely impacted by the implementation of phytomanagement practices, even resulting in the local extinction of endemic ecotypes or species of great conservation value. Here, we highlight the importance of promoting measures to minimise the potential adverse impact of phytomanagement on biodiversity at polluted sites, as well as recommend practices to increase biodiversity at phytomanaged sites without compromising its effectiveness in terms of reduction of pollutant linkages and the generation of valuable biomass and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garbisu
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P812, E-48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Itziar Alkorta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, P. O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Petra Kidd
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Investigacións Agrobiolóxicas de Galicia (IIAG), 15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lur Epelde
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P812, E-48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Michel Mench
- INRAE, BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, F-33615, Pessac, France
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Saad RF, Kobaissi A, Echevarria G, Kidd P, Calusinska M, Goux X, Benizri E. Influence of new agromining cropping systems on soil bacterial diversity and the physico-chemical characteristics of an ultramafic soil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:380-392. [PMID: 30029117 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the research dedicated to agromining has focused on cultivating a single hyperaccumulator plant, although plant diversity has been shown to positively modify soil characteristics. Hence, we compared the effect of cropping a nickel-hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale with a legume (Vicia sativa) to A. murale's mono-culture, on the bacterial diversity and physico-chemical characteristics of an ultramafic soil. A pot experiment with 5 replicates was conducted in controlled conditions for 11 months. The treatments studied were: co-cropping and rotation vs. mineral fertilization controls and bare soil. The introduction of legumes induced a clearly positive effect on the soil's microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Arylsulfatase and urease activities tended to be enhanced in the co-cropping and rotation treatments and to be lessened in the mineral fertilization treatments. However, β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were seen to decrease when legumes were used. Our results showed that the rotation treatment induced a higher organic matter content than the fertilized control did. Actinobacteria was the most-represented bacterial phyla and had lower relative abundance in treatments associating legumes. Conversely, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes phyla increased but not significantly in treatments with legumes. The relative abundance of Chloroflexi phylum was shown to be significantly higher for the fertilized rotation control. The relative abundance of β-Proteobacteria subphylum increased but not significantly in treatments with legumes. NMDS analysis showed a clear separation between planted treatments and bare soil and between co-cropping and rotation and fertilized controls. Shannon index showed reduction in microbial diversity that was mainly due to chemical inputs in the soil. This study showed that these new cropping systems influenced both the bacterial diversity and the physico-chemical characteristics of an ultramafic soil. In addition, this study provides evidence that mineral fertilization can negatively impact bacterial communities and some of their functions linked to biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramez F Saad
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, 54000 Nancy, France; Université Libanaise, Laboratoire «Applied Plant Biotechnology», Faculté des Sciences 1, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Kobaissi
- Université Libanaise, Laboratoire «Applied Plant Biotechnology», Faculté des Sciences 1, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Xavier Goux
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Emile Benizri
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, 54000 Nancy, France.
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Rosenkranz T, Kidd P, Puschenreiter M. Effect of bacterial inoculants on phytomining of metals from waste incineration bottom ash. Waste Manag 2018; 73:351-359. [PMID: 29273541 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waste incineration bottom ash is considered a secondary resource for valuable trace elements (TE), which is currently neglected in most European countries. Phytomining could potentially recover valuable TE from such waste materials but is still at an exploratory stage with many challenges. The use of bioaugmentation to improve plant growth and TE accumulation of metal-tolerant high biomass plants growing on waste incineration bottom ash was evaluated. Bacterial strains that were previously isolated from rhizosphere, roots and contaminated soil were selected according to their plant growth promoting characteristics and tolerance to the bottom ash substrate. Those selected bacterial strains were tested for their beneficial effects on Nicotiana tabacum and Salix smithiana with regards to phytomining. The rhizobacterial strain Rhodococcus erythropolis P30 enhanced the shoot dry weight of N. tabacum by on average 57% compared to the control plants. Several bacterial inoculants enhanced biomass production and the nutritional status of S. smithiana. Moreover, those bacterial strains previously described to enhance biomass production of N. tabacum and members of the Salicaceae on TE-contaminated soils, also enhanced biomass production of these species on bottom ash. However, bacterial inoculants could not enhance trace element accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Rosenkranz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Abstract
Abstract:Advances in electronic image recording and computer technologyhave resulted in a remarkable increase in the power and flexibility of interactive computer-video teaching systems. The University of Washington Health Science Videodisc Development Group first demonstrated a laser videodisc controlled by a remote central computer in 1980. Even this rudimentary unit highlighted basic medical informatics principles including: rapid accessibility; a “generic” or multi-purposed format; ease of computer control; and large collections of valid, rigorously reviewed images. Advances in medical informatics have led to the development of the following previously undescribed series of teaching units:1. The hypertext programs Hypercard, Linkway, and Guide have been used with videodiscs to develop easy-to-use instructional and reference materials. These materials demonstrate the ease with which a computer-naive instructor may develop new programs and the advantage that the intuitive nature of these programs brings to student users.2. Patient simulations using single and double screens plus pre-defined knowledge structures;3. Interactive single topic tutorials using preset knowledge structures;4. A key-word-based disc searching system;5. Electronic video microscopy;6. A series of programs developed independently by health science faculty who have purchased multi-purpose videodiscs that demonstrate the flexibility of the multi-purpose or “generic”: collection concept.
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Duffner U, Abdel-Mageed A, Younge J, Tornga C, Scott K, Staddon J, Elliott K, Stumph J, Kidd P. The possible perils of targeted therapy. Leukemia 2016; 30:1619-21. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kolbas A, Kidd P, Guinberteau J, Jaunatre R, Herzig R, Mench M. Endophytic bacteria take the challenge to improve Cu phytoextraction by sunflower. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:5370-5382. [PMID: 25561255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria from roots and crude seed extracts of a Cu-tolerant population of Agrostis capillaris were inoculated to a sunflower metal-tolerant mutant line, and their influence on Cu tolerance and phytoextraction was assessed using a Cu-contaminated soil series. Ten endophytic bacterial strains isolated from surface-sterilized A. capillaris roots were mixed to prepare the root endophyte inoculant (RE). In parallel, surface-sterilized seeds of A. capillaris were crushed in MgSO4 to prepare a crude seed extract containing seed endophytes (SE). An aliquot of this seed extract was filtered at 0.2 μm to obtain a bacterial cell-free seed extract (SEF). After surface sterilization, germinated sunflower seeds were separately treated with one of five modalities: no treatment (C), immersion in MgSO4 (CMg) or SEF solutions and inoculation with RE or SE. All plants were cultivated on a Cu-contaminated soil series (13-1020 mg Cu kg(-1)). Cultivable RE strains were mostly members of the Pseudomonas genera, and one strain was closely related to Labrys sp. The cultivable SE strains belonged mainly to the Bacillus genera and some members of the Rhodococcus genera. The treatment effects depended on the soil Cu concentration. Both SE and SEF plants had a higher Cu tolerance in the 13-517 mg Cu kg(-1) soil range as reflected by increased shoot and root DW yields compared to control plants. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in shoot Cu concentration and increase in root Cu concentration. Shoot and root DW yields were more promoted by SE than SEF in the 13-114 mg Cu kg(-1) soil range, which could reflect the influence of seed-located bacterial endophytes. At intermediate soil Cu (416-818 mg Cu kg(-1) soil), the RE and CMg plants had lower shoot Cu concentrations than the control, SE and SEF plants. At high total soil Cu (617-1020 mg Cu kg(-1)), root DW yield of RE plants slightly increased and their root Cu concentration rose by up to 1.9-fold. In terms of phytoextraction efficiency, shoot Cu removal was increased for sunflower plants inoculated with crude and bacterial cell-free seed extracts by 1.3- to 2.2-fold in the 13-416 mg Cu kg(-1) soil range. Such increase was mainly driven by an enhanced shoot DW yield. The number and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the harvested sunflower tissues must be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Kolbas
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecology of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, 33615, Pessac cedex, France,
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Kolbas A, Kidd P, Guinberteau J, Jaunatre R, Herzig R, Mench M. Endophytic bacteria take the challenge to improve Cu phytoextraction by sunflower. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015. [PMID: 25561255 DOI: 10.007/s11356-014-4006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria from roots and crude seed extracts of a Cu-tolerant population of Agrostis capillaris were inoculated to a sunflower metal-tolerant mutant line, and their influence on Cu tolerance and phytoextraction was assessed using a Cu-contaminated soil series. Ten endophytic bacterial strains isolated from surface-sterilized A. capillaris roots were mixed to prepare the root endophyte inoculant (RE). In parallel, surface-sterilized seeds of A. capillaris were crushed in MgSO4 to prepare a crude seed extract containing seed endophytes (SE). An aliquot of this seed extract was filtered at 0.2 μm to obtain a bacterial cell-free seed extract (SEF). After surface sterilization, germinated sunflower seeds were separately treated with one of five modalities: no treatment (C), immersion in MgSO4 (CMg) or SEF solutions and inoculation with RE or SE. All plants were cultivated on a Cu-contaminated soil series (13-1020 mg Cu kg(-1)). Cultivable RE strains were mostly members of the Pseudomonas genera, and one strain was closely related to Labrys sp. The cultivable SE strains belonged mainly to the Bacillus genera and some members of the Rhodococcus genera. The treatment effects depended on the soil Cu concentration. Both SE and SEF plants had a higher Cu tolerance in the 13-517 mg Cu kg(-1) soil range as reflected by increased shoot and root DW yields compared to control plants. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in shoot Cu concentration and increase in root Cu concentration. Shoot and root DW yields were more promoted by SE than SEF in the 13-114 mg Cu kg(-1) soil range, which could reflect the influence of seed-located bacterial endophytes. At intermediate soil Cu (416-818 mg Cu kg(-1) soil), the RE and CMg plants had lower shoot Cu concentrations than the control, SE and SEF plants. At high total soil Cu (617-1020 mg Cu kg(-1)), root DW yield of RE plants slightly increased and their root Cu concentration rose by up to 1.9-fold. In terms of phytoextraction efficiency, shoot Cu removal was increased for sunflower plants inoculated with crude and bacterial cell-free seed extracts by 1.3- to 2.2-fold in the 13-416 mg Cu kg(-1) soil range. Such increase was mainly driven by an enhanced shoot DW yield. The number and distribution of endophytic bacteria in the harvested sunflower tissues must be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Kolbas
- UMR BIOGECO INRA 1202, Ecology of Communities, University of Bordeaux, Bât B2, allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, 33615, Pessac cedex, France,
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Kidd P, Mench M, Álvarez-López V, Bert V, Dimitriou I, Friesl-Hanl W, Herzig R, Janssen JO, Kolbas A, Müller I, Neu S, Renella G, Ruttens A, Vangronsveld J, Puschenreiter M. Agronomic Practices for Improving Gentle Remediation of Trace Element-Contaminated Soils. Int J Phytoremediation 2015; 17:1005-1037. [PMID: 25581041 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.1003788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen the rise of Gentle soil Remediation Options (GRO), which notably include in situ contaminant stabilization ("inactivation") and plant-based (generally termed "phytoremediation") options. For trace element (TE)-contaminated sites, GRO aim to either decrease their labile pool and/or total content in the soil, thereby reducing related pollutant linkages. Much research has been dedicated to the screening and selection of TE-tolerant plant species and genotypes for application in GRO. However, the number of field trials demonstrating successful GRO remains well below the number of studies carried out at a greenhouse level. The move from greenhouse to field conditions requires incorporating agronomical knowledge into the remediation process and the ecological restoration of ecosystem services. This review summarizes agronomic practices against their demonstrated or potential positive effect on GRO performance, including plant selection, soil management practices, crop rotation, short rotation coppice, intercropping/row cropping, planting methods and plant densities, harvest and fertilization management, pest and weed control and irrigation management. Potentially negative effects of GRO, e.g., the introduction of potentially invasive species, are also discussed. Lessons learnt from long-term European field case sites are given for aiding the choice of appropriate management practices and plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kidd
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Michel Mench
- b INRA, UMR BIOGECO, Cestas , France; University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO , Pessac , France , France
| | - Vanessa Álvarez-López
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Valérie Bert
- c INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes , Verneuil en Halatte , France
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- d Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences , Department of Crop Production Ecology , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- e AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Health and Environment Department , Tulln , Austria
| | - Rolf Herzig
- f Phytotech Foundation (PT-F), and AGB-Bioindikation , Umweltbeobachtung und oekologische Planung Quartiergasse , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Jolien Olga Janssen
- g Hasselt University , Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Aliaksandr Kolbas
- b INRA, UMR BIOGECO, Cestas , France; University of Bordeaux, UMR BIOGECO , Pessac , France , France
- h Brest State University named after A.S. Pushkin , Brest , Belarus
| | - Ingo Müller
- i Saxon State Office for Environment , Agriculture and Geology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Silke Neu
- i Saxon State Office for Environment , Agriculture and Geology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- j University of Florence , Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences , Florence , Italy
| | - Ann Ruttens
- g Hasselt University , Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- g Hasselt University , Centre for Environmental Sciences , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- k University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU , Department of Forest and Soil Sciences , Tulln , Austria
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Kumpiene J, Bert V, Dimitriou I, Eriksson J, Friesl-Hanl W, Galazka R, Herzig R, Janssen J, Kidd P, Mench M, Müller I, Neu S, Oustriere N, Puschenreiter M, Renella G, Roumier PH, Siebielec G, Vangronsveld J, Manier N. Selecting chemical and ecotoxicological test batteries for risk assessment of trace element-contaminated soils (phyto)managed by gentle remediation options (GRO). Sci Total Environ 2014; 496:510-522. [PMID: 25108253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades a number of field trials with gentle remediation options (GRO) have been established on trace element (TE) contaminated sites throughout Europe. Each research group selects different methods to assess the remediation success making it difficult to compare efficacy between various sites and treatments. This study aimed at selecting a minimum risk assessment battery combining chemical and ecotoxicological assays for assessing and comparing the effectiveness of GRO implemented in seven European case studies. Two test batteries were pre-selected; a chemical one for quantifying TE exposure in untreated soils and GRO-managed soils and a biological one for characterizing soil functionality and ecotoxicity. Soil samples from field studies representing one of the main GROs (phytoextraction in Belgium, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland, aided phytoextraction in France, and aided phytostabilization or in situ stabilization/phytoexclusion in Poland, France and Austria) were collected and assessed using the selected test batteries. The best correlations were obtained between NH4NO3-extractable, followed by NaNO3-extractable TE and the ecotoxicological responses. Biometrical parameters and biomarkers of dwarf beans were the most responsive indicators for the soil treatments and changes in soil TE exposures. Plant growth was inhibited at the higher extractable TE concentrations, while plant stress enzyme activities increased with the higher TE extractability. Based on these results, a minimum risk assessment battery to compare/biomonitor the sites phytomanaged by GROs might consist of the NH4NO3 extraction and the bean Plantox test including the stress enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Kumpiene
- Luleå University of Technology, Waste Science & Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Valérie Bert
- INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Eriksson
- Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Health and Environment Department, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rafal Galazka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Rolf Herzig
- Phytotech Foundation and AGB, Quartiergasse 12, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jolien Janssen
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Michel Mench
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ingo Müller
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Silke Neu
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Nadège Oustriere
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna - BOKU, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Renella
- University of Florence, Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, P.le delle Cascine 28, I-50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre-Hervé Roumier
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France and Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Grzegorz Siebielec
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Expertise and Assays in Ecotoxicology, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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Marchand L, Nsanganwimana F, Lamy JB, Quintela-Sabaris C, Gonnelli C, Colzi I, Fletcher T, Oustrière N, Kolbas A, Kidd P, Bordas F, Newell P, Alvarenga P, Deletic A, Mench M. Root biomass production in populations of six rooted macrophytes in response to Cu exposure: intra-specific variability versus constitutive-like tolerance. Environ Pollut 2014; 193:205-215. [PMID: 25058419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intra-specific variability of root biomass production (RP) of six rooted macrophytes, i.e. Juncus effusus, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Typha latifolia, Phalaris arundinacea, and Iris pseudacorus grown from clones, in response to Cu exposure was investigated. Root biomass production varied widely for all these macrophytes in control conditions (0.08 μM) according to the sampling site. Root biomass production of T. latifolia and I. pseudacorus in the 2.5-25 μM Cu range depended on the sampling location but not on the Cu dose in the growth medium. For P. australis, J. effusus, S. lacustris, and P. arundinacea, an intra-specific variability of RP depending on both the sampling location and the Cu-dose was evidenced. This intra-specific variability of RP depending on the sampling location and of Cu-tolerance for these last four species suggests that Cu constitutive tolerance for all rooted macrophytes is not a species-wide trait but it exhibits variability for some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marchand
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux 1, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Avenue des facultés, FR-33405, Talence, France.
| | - F Nsanganwimana
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux 1, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Avenue des facultés, FR-33405, Talence, France
| | - J B Lamy
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux 1, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Avenue des facultés, FR-33405, Talence, France; Ifremer, SG2M, LGPMM, Avenue Mus de Loup, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - C Quintela-Sabaris
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - C Gonnelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, IT-50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - I Colzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, IT-50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - T Fletcher
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Room 118, Building 60, Clayton Campus, Clayton Victoria, 3168, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Land & Environment, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, 3121 and 221 Bouverie St, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - N Oustrière
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux 1, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Avenue des facultés, FR-33405, Talence, France
| | - A Kolbas
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux 1, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Avenue des facultés, FR-33405, Talence, France; Brest State University named after A.S. Pushkin, 21, Boulevard of Cosmonauts, 224016, Brest, Belarus
| | - P Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Bordas
- GRESE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, FR-87060, Limoges, France
| | - P Newell
- Department of Environment and Conservation, Contaminated Sites Branch, Locked Bag 104, Bentley, DC, 6983, Australia
| | - P Alvarenga
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária - Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares - Campus do IPB, Apartado 6155, PT-7801-295, Beja, Portugal
| | - A Deletic
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, IT-50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Mench
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux 1, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Avenue des facultés, FR-33405, Talence, France
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McDermott AM, Kidd P, Gately M, Casey R, Burke H, O'Donnell P, Kirrane F, Dinneen SF, O'Brien T. Restructuring of the Diabetes Day Centre: a pilot lean project in a tertiary referral centre in the West of Ireland. BMJ Qual Saf 2013; 22:681-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Sessitsch A, Kuffner M, Kidd P, Vangronsveld J, Wenzel WW, Fallmann K, Puschenreiter M. The role of plant-associated bacteria in the mobilization and phytoextraction of trace elements in contaminated soils. Soil Biol Biochem 2013; 60:182-194. [PMID: 23645938 PMCID: PMC3618436 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction makes use of trace element-accumulating plants that concentrate the pollutants in their tissues. Pollutants can be then removed by harvesting plants. The success of phytoextraction depends on trace element availability to the roots and the ability of the plant to intercept, take up, and accumulate trace elements in shoots. Current phytoextraction practises either employ hyperaccumulators or fast-growing high biomass plants; the phytoextraction process may be enhanced by soil amendments that increase trace element availability in the soil. This review will focus on the role of plant-associated bacteria to enhance trace element availability in the rhizosphere. We report on the kind of bacteria typically found in association with trace element - tolerating or - accumulating plants and discuss how they can contribute to improve trace element uptake by plants and thus the efficiency and rate of phytoextraction. This enhanced trace element uptake can be attributed to a microbial modification of the absorptive properties of the roots such as increasing the root length and surface area and numbers of root hairs, or by increasing the plant availability of trace elements in the rhizosphere and the subsequent translocation to shoots via beneficial effects on plant growth, trace element complexation and alleviation of phytotoxicity. An analysis of data from literature shows that effects of bacterial inoculation on phytoextraction efficiency are currently inconsistent. Some key processes in plant-bacteria interactions and colonization by inoculated strains still need to be unravelled more in detail to allow full-scale application of bacteria assisted phytoremediation of trace element contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Kuffner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), CSIC, Apdo. 122, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Walter W. Wenzel
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Fallmann
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
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Markert B, Lux A, Kidd P, Verkleij J, Schwitzguébel JP. Contaminants and nutrients : availability, accumulation/exclusion and plant-microbia-soil interactions. EU COST 859 Meeting at Smolenice, Slovakia, 22-24 May 2008. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2009; 16:361-362. [PMID: 19104866 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-008-0089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Markert
- Internationales Hochschulinstitut, Lehrstuhl für Umweltverfahrenstechnik, 02763, Zittau, Germany.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kidd
- London Hospital Medical College
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19
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Rice RL, Kidd P, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Structural comparison of hexagonally ordered mesoporous thin films developed by dip- and spin-coating using X-ray reflectometry and other quantitative X-ray techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b506039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Jayaweera N, Downes J, Frogley M, Hopkinson M, Bushby A, Kidd P, Kelly A, Dunstan D. The onset of plasticity in nanoscale contact loading. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2002.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N.B Jayaweera
- Centre for Materials Research, Department of Physics and Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J.R Downes
- Centre for Materials Research, Department of Physics and Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - M.D Frogley
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, UK
| | - M Hopkinson
- EPSRC Central Facility for III–V Semiconductors, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - A.J Bushby
- Centre for Materials Research, Department of Physics and Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - P Kidd
- Philips Analytical Research Centre, Cross Oaks Lane, Redhill RH1 5HA, UK
| | - A Kelly
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - D.J Dunstan
- Centre for Materials Research, Department of Physics and Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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21
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observation and assessment wards allow patients to be observed on a short-term basis and permit patient monitoring and/or treatment for an initial 24-48 hour period. They should permit concentration of emergency activity and resources in one area, and so improve efficiency and minimise disruption to other hospital services. These types of ward go under a variety of names, including observation, assessment, and admission wards. This review aims to evaluate the current literature and discuss assessment/admission ward functionality in terms of organisation, admission criteria, special patient care, and cost effectiveness. METHODS Search of the literature using the Medline and BIDS databases, combined with searches of web based resources. Critical assessment of the literature and the data therein is presented. RESULTS The advantages and disadvantages of the use of assessment/admission wards were assessed from the current literature. Most articles suggest that these wards improve patient satisfaction, are safe, decrease the length of stay, provide earlier senior involvement, reduce unnecessary admissions, and may be particularly useful in certain diagnostic groups. A number of studies summarise their organisational structure and have shown that strong management, staffing, organisation, size, and location are important factors for efficient running. There is wide variation in the recommended size of these wards. Observation wards may produce cost savings largely relating to the length of stay in such a unit. CONCLUSION All types of assessment/admission wards seem to have advantages over traditional admission to a general hospital ward. A successful ward needs proactive management and organisation, senior staff involvement, and access to diagnostics and is dependent on a clear set of policies in terms of admission and care. Many diagnostic groups benefit from this type of unit, excluding those who will inevitably need longer admission. Vigorous financial studies have yet to be undertaken in the UK. Definitions of observation, assessment, and admission ward are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Cooke
- Emergency Medicine Research Group, Centre for Primary Health Care Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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Abstract
The Agricultural Disability Awareness and Risk Education Project (AgDARE) is a research-based curriculum of agricultural safety instruction based on Prochaska and DiClemente's Transtheroetical Model of Change. The program uses eight reality-based psychomotor and narrative modules to teach safe farm work behaviors. In addition to in-class pencil and paper assessments on safety attitudes and behavior intention, farm visits were made to assess the longer term influence of AgDARE. Visits were made between 11 and 20 months (mean = 14.24 months) after completion of the classroom instruction to 29 students who worked on farms and completed at least one-half of the AgDARE instruction. All but one of the visited students exhibited safe work behaviors addressed by the AgDARE instruction. In addition, 76% of the visited students had made positive changes in their farm work behavior since participating in AgDARE. Changes extended beyond the instruction that students received in class to include other aspects of farm work and other family members. The use of farm visits to evaluate students' safety behaviors was tempered by the challenge of contacting students and obstacles associated with observing work in an environment where little is routine or regular.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Reed
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Rose St., HSLC 553, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA.
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Wheeler TA, Kaufman HW, Baugh B, Kidd P, Schuster G, Siders K. Comparison of Variable and Single-Rate Applications of Aldicarb on Cotton Yield in Fields Infested with Meloidogyne incognita. J Nematol 1999; 31:700-708. [PMID: 19270939 PMCID: PMC2620403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable-rate applications of the nematicide aldicarb were compared to producer standard rates in eight field tests over 3 years. Test areas (308 to 1,015 m long) were divided into eight or five blocks. Each block contained two plots with a variable-rate treatment (VRT) of aldicarb and a producer standard treatment (PST) of aldicarb. Each VRT plot was divided into three subunits and intensively sampled for Meloidogyne incognita in either the fall or spring before planting. Rates of aldicarb were assigned to each subunit for VRT based on M. incognita population density. In three of the eight tests, VRT resulted in either higher yield or similar yields, but less nematicide applied. In two tests there were no differences between PST and VRT in yields or average rates of aldicarb applied. In three tests, VRT used more aldicarb (>0.17 kg a.i./ha difference) than PST and yields were not significantly different between treatments. In two of the cases where VRT was superior to PST, the producer's rate of aldicarb was judged to be either too low or too high for the average M. incognita density present in the field. In all three cases where PST was superior to VRT, perennial weeds were an important factor also limiting yield. Variable-rate application of aldicarb did not consistently provide for higher yields or lower nematicide usage than standard application rates.
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24
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Medina DJ, Sheay W, Goodell L, Kidd P, White E, Rabson AB, Strair RK. Adenovirus-mediated cytotoxicity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 1999; 94:3499-508. [PMID: 10552960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied adenovirus-mediated cytotoxicity after infection of malignant cells obtained from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our studies indicate that adenoviruses can infect primary CLL cells and that infection of CLL cells with a replication-competent strain of human adenovirus 5 (Ad5dl309) results in cytotoxicity. Adenovirus-mediated cytotoxicity was also seen after infection of CLL cells with a variety of viruses attenuated by mutations in the adenovirus early region 1 (E1) or early region 2 (E2). Even viruses attenuated by deletion of the entire E1 region resulted in cytotoxicity after infection of the CLL cells obtained from some patients. Although there was variability in the degree of cytotoxicity induced by different viruses in different patients cells, a virus with a mutation in the E1B 19K gene resulted in the greatest degree of cytotoxicity in most of the CLL samples tested. These studies demonstrate that infection of CLL cells by attenuated adenoviruses with specific mutations in the E1 or E2 region results in cell death. Attenuated adenoviruses should be developed further as therapeutic agents for patients with CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/physiology
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics
- Adenovirus E1B Proteins/genetics
- Adenovirus E2 Proteins/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Apoptosis
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Gene Deletion
- HeLa Cells
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/virology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/virology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Medina
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey and the Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Britt
- Education and Information Division, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1988, USA.
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Abstract
History of early childhood trauma was prevalent and highly correlated with Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS) in a sample of veterans in inpatient treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). DESNOS predicted reliable change on a variety of measures of psychiatric symptomatology (including PTSD) and psychosocial functioning independently of the effects of PTSD diagnosis and early childhood trauma history. DESNOS also predicted treatment outcome on PTSD and quality of life measures after controlling for the effects of ethnicity, war zone trauma exposure severity, initial level of symptomatic severity or quality of life, Axis I (PTSD and major depression) and Axis II (personality disorder) diagnostic status, and early childhood trauma history. Early childhood trauma was not predictive of outcome. DESNOS appears to play an important role in assessment and treatment planning for psychotherapeutic rehabilitation of chronic PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ford
- Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, Vermont 05001, USA
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27
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Manglani MV, Rosenthal J, Rosenthal NF, Kidd P, Ettinger LJ. Intussusception in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1998; 20:467-8. [PMID: 9787321 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-199809000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An ileocecal intussusception developed in a 7-month-old infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during induction therapy. Gastrointestinal complications, especially intussusception, are rare in children with ALL. PATIENT AND METHODS The history of a 7-month-old white boy with ALL in whom an ileocecal intussusception developed 1 week into induction chemotherapy was reviewed. In addition, a literature search was performed to determine the prevalence of this complication in children with acute leukemia. RESULTS On day 4 of induction chemotherapy for B-lineage ALL, the infant developed abdominal distension with hypoactive bowel sounds. After a barium enema and abdominal computed tomography scan, the symptoms were determined to be caused by an ileocecal intussusception. Chemotherapy was resumed 1 week after immediate surgical intervention (reduction of intussusception and resection of the "leading edge") with an uneventful post-operative recovery. Histopathologic examination of the resected edge revealed an intact mucosa with areas of necrosis in the submucosa. This was associated with a dense lymphoid infiltrate composed of mature lymphocytes and leukemic cells, edema, and focal necrosis. Despite a 1-week delay in chemotherapy, a complete remission was documented at day 32. DISCUSSION The prevalence of intussusception in children with ALL and its possible etiology are discussed. The pathologic changes, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcome are briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Manglani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
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Pollock DA, Adams DL, Bernardo LM, Bradley V, Brandt MD, Davis TE, Garrison HG, Iseke RM, Johnson S, Kaufmann CR, Kidd P, Leon-Chisen N, MacLean S, Manton A, McClain PW, Michelson EA, Pickett D, Rosen RA, Schwartz RJ, Smith M, Snyder JA, Wright JL. Data elements for emergency department systems, release 1.0 (DEEDS): a summary report. DEEDS Writing Committee. Ann Emerg Med 1998; 31:264-73. [PMID: 9472191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the way that data are entered in emergency department record systems impede the use of ED records for direct patient care and deter their reuse for many other legitimate purposes. To foster more uniform ED data, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control is coordinating a public-private partnership that has developed recommended specifications for many observations, actions, instructions, conclusions, and identifiers that are entered in ED records. The partnership's initial product, Data Elements for Emergency Department Systems, Release 1.0 (DEEDS), is intended for use by individuals and organizations responsible for ED record systems. If the recommended specifications are widely adopted, then problems--such as data incompatibility and high costs of collecting, linking, and using data--can be substantially reduced. The collaborative effort that led to DEEDS, Release 1.0 sets a precedent for future review and revision of the initial recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Pollock
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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29
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Pollock DA, Adams DL, Bernardo LM, Bradley V, Brandt MD, Davis TE, Garrison HG, Iseke RM, Johnson S, Kaufmann CR, Kidd P, Leon-Chisen N, MacLean S, Manton A, McClain PW, Michelson EA, Pickett D, Rosen RA, Schwartz RJ, Smith M, Snyder JA, Wright JL. Data elements for emergency department systems, release 1.0 (DEEDS): a summary report. DEEDS Writing Committee. J Emerg Nurs 1998; 24:35-44. [PMID: 9534532 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-1767(98)90168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the way that data are entered in ED record systems impede the use of ED records for direct patient care and deter their reuse for many other legitimate purposes. To foster more uniform ED data, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control is coordinating a public-private partnership that has developed recommended specifications for many observations, actions, instructions, conclusions, and identifiers that are entered in ED records. The partnership's initial product. Data Elements for Emergency Department Systems, Release 1.0 (DEEDS), is intended for use by individuals and organizations responsible for ED record systems. If the recommended specifications are widely adopted, then problems--such as data incompatibility and high costs of collecting, linking, and using data--can be substantially reduced. The collaborative effort that led to DEEDS, Release 1.0 sets a precedent for future review and revision of the initial recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Pollock
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis frequently have increased numbers of lymphocytes and a high ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CD4/CD8 ratio) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Some investigators have suggested that these parameters can be used to distinguish sarcoidosis from other types of interstitial lung disease with a high degree of reliability. However, we hypothesized that the BAL CD4/CD8 ratio measured during the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis is highly variable. BAL lymphocytes were analysed via flow cytometry to determine the CD4/CD8 ratio in a population of 86 patients with histological and clinical evidence of sarcoidosis, who underwent BAL as part of their initial diagnostic evaluation. In these patients, the CD4/CD8 ratio ranged 0.5-37.3, with a median value of 3.35 (mean 6.49). The CD4/CD8 ratio was greater than 4 in only 36 (42%) subjects. Ten patients (12%) had a CD4/CD8 ratio less than 1. The distribution of CD4/CD8 ratios was similar in the presence or absence of BAL lymphocytosis. In conclusion, the CD4/CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is highly variable in biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte subset determination is a diagnostic test with low sensitivity for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Kantrow
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195-6522, USA
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31
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Aboulafia D, Gown AM, Kidd P. AIDS-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma masquerading as a cutaneous T-cell neoplasm: an aberrant immunophenotype requiring comprehensive analysis for lineage resolution. Am J Dermatopathol 1997; 19:66-72. [PMID: 9056657 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-199702000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An increased prevalence of intermediate- and high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a major manifestation of the disease spectrum associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Rarely, lymphoproliferations are of T-cell, null cell, or mixed-lineage phenotypes. We describe an unusual B-cell NHL that presented as a left alar ulcer in a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and rectal carcinoma. Biopsy of the lesion and a draining cervical lymph node showed atypical dermal lymphoid infiltration with effacement of nodal architecture and involvement of adjacent skeletal muscle by a diffuse infiltrate of large and small lymphocytes. On paraffin section immunochemistry, the large lymphoid cells expressed CD45 and CD45RO, but not CD43 or CD20. The small background cells were positive for CD3, CD43, and CD45RO. These overall results were consistent with a diagnosis of a T-cell process. Gene rearrangement studies, however, demonstrated a clonal B-cell population indicative of B-cell NHL. The clinical course was marked by rapid shrinkage of tumor with chemotherapy followed by profound wasting and death. Anomalous coexpression or lack of expression of T- and B-cell markers may be seen in AIDS-related NHL. Reliance on paraffin section immunohistology may provide misleading information, and caution is recommended in assigning a specific lineage to such lymphoproliferations without additional immunologic or genotypic analyses. Whether our case represents a distinct clinicopathologic entity or is simply a peculiar manifestation of HIV-related B-cell NHL remains uncertain.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Male
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aboulafia
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98111, USA
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32
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Abstract
We present the case of a 67-year-old male with primary extramedullary leukemia of the prostate gland, the first reported case in the literature to the best of our knowledge. His initial symptoms consisted of episodes of urinary retention. He underwent transurethral resection of the prostate, and a diagnosis of high-grade lymphoma was rendered. He then received a course of doxorubicin-based lymphoma chemotherapy regimen. However, based on a panel of immunocytochemical stains, a diagnosis of extramedullary leukemia or chloroma was confirmed. His bone-marrow examination at this point was normal. He underwent radiation therapy to the prostate with a total dose of 3960 cGy. Seven months after his initial presentation, he progressed to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), M2 by FAB classification. He was successfully treated with induction and consolidation chemotherapy with Ara-C and idarubicin, and was maintained in complete remission up to 19 months of follow-up. Eight other cases of prostatic leukemia reported in the literature are presented. Five cases occurred in association with ANLL, 2 cases as sites of ANLL relapse, and 1 case in association with myelodysplasia. The use of immunohistochemical stains has aided us in diagnosis of extramedullary leukemia. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy play complementary roles in the treatment of prostatic extramedullary leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Quien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholson
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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34
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Abstract
The first step in injury prevention is to understand the injury problem. This includes examining the nature of the problem from the perspective of the target community. This article uses qualitative methods to explain the nature of the injury problem and identifies prevention strategies through a three-step process: identify a causal model, validate the model, and identify strategies using the causal model. A causal model linking safety performance and safety demand, health decision making, and occupational stress was derived by secondary analysis of farm family focus group data (step 1) and validated by other farm family focus groups (step 2). Prevention strategies identified from the causal model (step 3) include decreasing the number of roles performed exclusively by one individual, developing an easy-to-use planning tool that assists farmers in anticipating and reducing future work demands, and developing an education module that incorporates injury costs into safety decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kidd
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, USA.
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35
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Abstract
This exploratory study used focus group methods to identify strategies that promote parent involvement with young children in an alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) prevention program. The Health Belief Model (HBM) guided the interview process and data analysis. Five focus groups were conducted with low-income parents and school personnel from two urban elementary schools in Lexington, Kentucky. Cues to Action was the most frequent HBM construct expressed by both parents and school personnel in regard to ATOD prevention programs and general school activities. Enthusiasm for school activities expressed by children to their parents was identified as the core cue to parent involvement. Transportation, child care, and incentives were the basic requirements for parent involvement. Positive attitudes of school personnel, a combination of communication strategies, and multiple channels for involvement were major cues to parent involvement. Recommendations for involving parents in ATOD prevention and general school activities are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hahn
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0232, USA
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36
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Orientee evaluation forms frequently focus on tasks and technical skills rather than decision-making skills. An orientation pathway was developed to evaluate orientee clinical decision-making skills. The pathway can assist in identifying orientees who require additional educational resources or interventions. Early interventions may decrease the length of orientation, increase an employee's length of stay in the institution, and contribute to cost savings. METHODS The pathway was developed with employee exit interview data, preceptor interviews, identification of critical indicators, and the orientation literature. The pathway consists of six categories. Indicators within each category were identified and ranked according to four levels of proficiency (level 1 for the least proficient and level 4 for the most proficient). A convenience sample of seven ED orientee and preceptor pairs agreed to participate in the pilot use of the pathway. An expected timeline of progress had been developed by a group of 20 preceptors during a preceptor workshop. An average proficiency level (score) was obtained for each category for 12 weeks with the weekly scores plotted on the pathway. This level was compared with the expected proficiency level in each category for each week. Demographic information was obtained from the orientee and preceptor pairs to determine whether certain characteristics facilitate pathway progression. Data were analyzed with frequency distributions, and measures of central tendency and variance. Spearman's rank correlations were used to examine the proficiency level in each category for each week in relation to demographic characteristics of the preceptor and orientee. RESULTS Orientees progressed faster than expected in all categories. It took 8 weeks for an orientee to attain the highest proficiency level in all categories. The fastest progress was made in the category " Accurately Evaluates Patient Responses." Slowest progress was made in the category "Safety in Blood and Drug Administration." Preceptors and orientees rated in the pathway as very useful. DISCUSSION Further studies with the orientation pathway may help to determine the ideal time frame for orientation, characteristics of orientees who progress as expected or faster, and educational strategies to facilitate orientee progression and clinical decision making.
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37
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Kingreen D, Dalal BI, Heyman M, Phillips GL, Horsman D, Kidd P, Loughran TP. Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Am J Hematol 1995; 50:234-6. [PMID: 7485096 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clonal disorders of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) of either CD3- (NK cell) or CD 3+ (T-cell) phenotype have been described. B-cell malignancies such as hairy cell leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been observed in association with the T-cell type of LGL leukemia. Here we report the occurrence of LGL lymphocytosis in four patients with Hodgkin's disease. Immunophenotyping studies showed that these LGL were CD 3- in three patients and CD3+ in the other. LGL were polyclonally expanded in both patients in whom clonality could be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kingreen
- Veteran's Administration Hospital, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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38
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Bheekha Escura R, Wasserbauer E, Hammerschmid F, Pearce A, Kidd P, Mudde GC. Regulation and targeting of T-cell immune responses by IgE and IgG antibodies. Immunology 1995; 86:343-50. [PMID: 8550069 PMCID: PMC1383935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of chimeric antibodies with identical F(ab')2 fragments specific for the hapten 5-iodo-4-hydroxyl-3-nitrophenacetyl (NIP), but with different human Fc parts (gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3, gamma 4, epsilon), was used to compare the role of IgG and IgE antibodies in antigen presentation by human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B cells. Two or three molecules of NIP were coupled to one molecule of Der pI (Der pI-(3)NIP), a major allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Both monomeric IgG and performed complexes of various Der pI/IgG ratios failed to bind significantly to the Fc receptor for IgG on B cells (Fc gamma RII; CD32). Binding of IgG3 (> IgG1)-containing complexes (optimal ratio of antigen to antibody = 1:1) could be enhanced by increasing the number of haptens per Der pI molecule to nine or more. However, antigen presentation mediated by IgG and CD32 was not seen with either pulsed B cells or B cells that were allowed to capture the IgG complexes during the whole stimulation period. IgE binding to CD23 and subsequent IgE-mediated antigen presentation was seen under all conditions tested. Even monomeric immune complexes (IC) (Der pI-(3)NIP/IgE), in the absence of CD23 cross-linking, induced an immune response. As the number of natural epitopes for human antibodies on Der pI was less than five, we conclude that, in vivo, complexes consisting of Der pI/IgG will be directed to antigen-presenting cells expressing the high-affinity receptor for IgG (CD64), whereas IgE will allow antigen presentation by CD23-expressing cells, including B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bheekha Escura
- Department of Immuno-Dermatology, SANDOZ Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Kidd P. Where did all the nurses go? The need to capture nursing. J Emerg Nurs 1995; 21:191-2. [PMID: 7630049 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-1767(05)80140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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Abstract
The aetiology of LGL leukaemia is now known; however, we recently detected HTLV-II from such a patient. We describe here the occurrence of LGL leukaemia in a mother and her son. Serum from the son reacted to HTLV-I/II gag proteins, but not a recombinant HTLV-I env protein p21e; serum from the mother was negative. PCR analyses in both patients were negative for pX and pol sequences shared by HTLV-I/II and also for specific gag sequences of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. These data show that familial cases of LGL leukaemia are not associated with prototypical HTLV-I or HTLV-II infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Loughran
- Veterans Administration Hospital, Syracuse, N.Y. 13210
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41
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Abstract
A national public health goal is to reduce injuries and deaths from motor vehicle crashes (MVC). The development and psychometric evaluation of the 10-item Driving Practices Questionnaire (DPQ) to measure risky driving is described. Based on responses from 297 drivers divided into safe, unsafe, and injured groups, the DPQ was evaluated using item and factor analysis, and reliability and validity measures. Principal axis factor analysis isolated one factor with 42.3% of the variance explained. The alpha coefficient for the scale was .87 and test-retest correlation was .94. High DPQ scorers were three times more likely to have prior traffic violations. The identification of driver subtypes will assist the testing of injury prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kidd
- University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington 40535-0232
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kagan
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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43
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Gelman R, Cheng SC, Kidd P, Waxdal M, Kagan J. Assessment of the effects of instrumentation, monoclonal antibody, and fluorochrome on flow cytometric immunophenotyping: a report based on 2 years of the NIAID DAIDS flow cytometry quality assessment program. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 66:150-62. [PMID: 7680972 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1993.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study of the effect on CD4%, CD8%, CD3+8+%, and CD3% of flow cytometer, monoclonal antibody, and fluorochrome was based on 71 whole-blood samples, each evaluated by 42 to 59 laboratories during 2 years of a flow cytometry quality assessment program. For the 24 HIV-positive specimens, FACScans produced significantly lower CD4% values than EPICS-Cs or EPICS Profiles, and for the 47 HIV-negative specimens, FITC was associated with significantly lower CD4% values than PE or RD1, but differences were never larger than 2% and regressions accounted for only 3-12% of the variability. The labs using the most common CD4 technique had significantly higher between-laboratory variability than all other labs grouped together. For both CD8 and CD3+8+, measurements on FACScans were significantly higher than measurements on EPICS, and measurements using Leu2 were significantly higher than measurements using T8, with regressions accounting for 12-31% of the variability. The machine differences in medians were 3-7% for labs using Leu2-FITC. It might be worthwhile to discourage the use of Leu2-FITC for measuring CD8% but no change in instrument, monoclonal antibody, or fluorochrome would greatly improve interlaboratory agreement on CD4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gelman
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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44
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Siminski J, Kidd P, Phillips GD, Collins C, Raghu G. Reversed helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with breast cancer and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:437-40. [PMID: 1846728 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/143.2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) usually occurs in patients with hematologic malignancies and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients with solid tumors represent a very small fraction of the reported cases of PCP. Over an 18-month period, PCP was diagnosed in three patients who had received radiation and chemotherapy for breast cancer. In all three patients, there was no serologic or clinical evidence of AIDS. Direct staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) revealed Pneumocystis carinii, and cellular analysis of BAL revealed an increased percentage of lymphocytes with reversed helper/inducer:suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell (CD4:CD8) ratio. Because decreased CD4:CD8 ratio in BAL is commonly accepted as findings consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and AIDS, we conclude that similar findings in patients without AIDS are not specific for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and P. carinii should be ruled out in the appropriate clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Siminski
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195
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45
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Abstract
The 5th annual Clinical Applications of Cytometry meeting was held September 12-15, 1990 in charleston, SC. The theme which emerged repeatedly throughout the meeting was the need to take full advantage of the quantitative power of cytometry to provide the most useful clinically relevant diagnostic and prognostic information. Greater quantitative power is based on careful and reproducible standards and quality control. The same principles, albeit with somewhat different approaches, apply to cell surface immunofluorescence analysis, DNA measurements, and image cytometry assessments. Monoclonal antibody probes against oncogenes, others against lymphokines within the Golgi, and a novel fluorogenic substrate designed to quantitate the activity of a mitochondrial enzyme were exciting developments described at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Giorgi
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine
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46
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Kidd P. Defining nursing process categories in the emergency nursing certification examination. J Emerg Nurs 1990; 16:78A-80A. [PMID: 2385078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Whitten RO, Zutter M, Iaci-Hall J, Odell M, Kidd P. Oligoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in a childhood immunoblastic lymphoma. Presentation as a polyphenotypic atypical lymphoproliferative reaction. Am J Clin Pathol 1990; 93:286-93. [PMID: 2154088 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/93.2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors describe a diagnostically difficult case of childhood lymphoma that presented as an atypical polyphenotypic lymphoproliferative reaction. Initial immunophenotyping revealed the presence of IgG, IgA, kappa, and lambda within the neoplastic lymphocytes. The patient had circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes and a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The patient died of widespread immunoblastic lymphoma in two months. Postmortem tumor DNA showed a oligoclonal pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. Blots for T-cell receptor beta-chain rearrangement showed germline bands. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was present within tumor cells, but there was no history of prior immunosuppression or serologic evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection. The apparent polyclonal nature of the immunoproliferation delayed the institution of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Whitten
- Department of Laboratories, Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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48
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McArthur JR, Bolles JR, Fine J, Kidd P, Bessis M. Interactive computer-video modules for health sciences education. Methods Inf Med 1989; 28:360-3. [PMID: 2695786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in electronic image recording and computer technology have resulted in a remarkable increase in the power and flexibility of interactive computer-video teaching systems. The University of Washington Health Science Videodisc Development Group first demonstrated a laser videodisc controlled by a remote central computer in 1980. Even this rudimentary unit highlighted basic medical informatics principles including: rapid accessibility; a "generic" or multi-purposed format; ease of computer control; and large collections of valid, rigorously reviewed images. Advances in medical informatics have led to the development of the following previously undescribed series of teaching units: 1. The hypertext programs Hypercard, Linkway, and Guide have been used with videodiscs to develop easy-to-use instructional and reference materials. These materials demonstrate the ease with which a computer-naive instructor may develop new programs and the advantages that the intuitive nature of these programs brings to student users. 2. Patient simulations using single and double screens plus pre-defined knowledge structures; 3. Interactive single topic tutorials using preset knowledge structures; 4. A key-word-based disc searching system; 5. Electronic video microscopy; 6. A series of programs developed independently by health science faculty who have purchased multi-purpose videodiscs that demonstrate the flexibility of the multi-purpose or "generic": collection concept.
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49
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Paxton H, Kidd P, Landay A, Giorgi J, Flomenberg N, Walker E, Valentine F, Fahey J, Gelman R. Results of the flow cytometry ACTG quality control program: analysis and findings. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989; 52:68-84. [PMID: 2785890 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The AIDS Clinical Trial Group's (ACTG) Immunology Committee was charged with initiating a quality control program for all laboratories participating in the ACTG program reporting flow cytometry data. Forty-one laboratories were evaluated. This report defines the goals of this program and the subsequent findings after 19 send-outs were made. Both HIV positive volunteer donors and normal age-matched donors were used. Sample sets included both heparin and EDTA anticoagulated bloods. Laboratories were asked to report hematologic parameters as well as flow cytometry data both in percentages and absolute numbers. Results were evaluated using nonparametric statistical analysis. Robust CVs and interquartile ranges were used to define the performance of individual laboratories for each CD subset analyzed. Intralaboratory reproducibility was analyzed by paired sample sets. All laboratories were found to be able to define normal samples as normal. Seventy-five percent of the laboratories were able to define abnormal samples as abnormal. Twenty-five percent could not identify two abnormal samples as abnormal. Forty percent of the labs were found unable to reproduce paired samples within an absolute of +/- 5%. EDTA was found slightly superior to heparin in bloods evaluated by flow cytometry within 30 hr of collection. The analysis of specific histograms, questionnaires, and data analysis led to a specific set of recommendations for performance of flow cytometry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Paxton
- Maryland Medical Laboratory, Inc., Baltimore 21227
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50
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Thompson JA, Kidd P, Rubin E, Fefer A. Very low dose alpha-2b interferon for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. Blood 1989; 73:1440-3. [PMID: 2713488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-2b interferon (alpha-2b IFN), administered at 2 x 10(6) U/m2 three times per week is highly effective in the treatment of progressive hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and in the retreatment of patients who have relapsed after previous IFN therapy. To determine if a lower interferon dose would induce a comparable antileukemic effect with less toxicity, a-2b IFN was administered at 2 x 10(5) U/m2 subcutaneously three times per week to 17 patients with progressive HCL. Thirteen patients had HCL in relapse after a previous response to alpha-2b IFN; four patients were previously untreated. The median duration of treatment was 9 months. Toxicity consisted only of transient, mild flu-like symptoms in two patients. Of the 13 previously IFN-treated patients, four had a minimal response, one had no response, and eight had progressive disease. Of four previously untreated patients, one had a partial response, two had a minimal response, and one had no response. In seven of eight patients whose disease progressed on low-dose IFN, the dose was escalated to 2 x 10(6) U/m2 three times per week, and all seven patients demonstrated hematologic response within 3 months to the dose escalation. We conclude that alpha-2b IFN at 2 x 10(5) U/m2 three times per week is relatively ineffective for the treatment of relapse after previous IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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