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Arndt T, Keresztes M, Olivier B, Boone L, Chanut F, Ennulat D, Evans E, Freyberger A, Johannes S, Kuper CF, Maliver P, O'Brien P, Ramaiah L, Roman I, Strauss V, Vinken P, Walker D, Winter M, Pohlmeyer-Esch G, Tomlinson L. Considerations for the Identification and Conveyance of Clinical Pathology Findings in Preclinical Toxicity Studies: Results From the 9th ESTP International Expert Workshop. Toxicol Pathol 2024:1926233241245108. [PMID: 38661116 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241245108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP) organized a panel of 24 international experts from many fields of toxicologic clinical pathology (e.g., industry, academia, and regulatory) that came together in 2021 to align the use of terminology to convey the importance of clinical pathology findings in preclinical toxicity studies. An additional goal consisted of how to identify important findings in standard and nonstandard clinical pathology associated endpoints. This manuscript summarizes the information and opinions discussed and shared at the ninth ESTP International Expert Workshop, April 5 to 6, 2022. In addition to terminology usage, the workshop considered topics related to the identification and conveyance of the importance of test item-related findings. These topics included sources of variability, comparators, statistics, reporting, correlations to other study data, nonstandard biomarkers, indirect/secondary findings, and an overall weight-of-evidence approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Arndt
- Altasciences Preclinical, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Altasciences Preclinical, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - L Boone
- Labcorp, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - D Ennulat
- GlaxoSmithKline (Retired), King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen Evans
- Pfizer (Retired), Waterford, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Maliver
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lila Ramaiah
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Roman
- GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Dana Walker
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Ge XY, Funk J, Albrecht T, Birkhimer M, Gilsdorf M, Hayes M, Hu F, Maliver P, McCreary M, Nguyen T, Romero-Palomo F, Seger S, Fuji RN, Schumacher V, Sullivan R. Toxicologic Pathology Forum: A Roadmap for Building State-of-the-Art Digital Image Data Resources for Toxicologic Pathology in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:942-949. [PMID: 36341579 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221132747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Digitization of histologic slides brings with it the promise of enhanced toxicologic pathology practice through the increased application of computational methods. However, the development of these advanced methods requires access to substrate image data, that is, whole slide images (WSIs). Deep learning methods, in particular, rely on extensive training data to develop robust algorithms. As a result, pharmaceutical companies interested in leveraging computational methods in their digital pathology workflows must first invest in data infrastructure to enable data access for both data scientists and pathologists. The process of building robust image data resources is challenging and includes considerations of generation, curation, and storage of WSI files, and WSI access including via linked metadata. This opinion piece describes the collective experience of building resources for WSI data in the Roche group. We elaborate on the challenges encountered and solutions developed with the goal of providing examples of how to build a data resource for digital pathology analytics in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Ge
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Development Sciences Informatics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Juergen Funk
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Albrecht
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Data & Analytics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merima Birkhimer
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Development Sciences Informatics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Moritz Gilsdorf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Data & Analytics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Hayes
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Fangyao Hu
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Pierre Maliver
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark McCreary
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Development Sciences Informatics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Trung Nguyen
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Fernando Romero-Palomo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shanon Seger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reina N Fuji
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Vanessa Schumacher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Genentech Research and Early Development (gRED), Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
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Gordevicius J, Li P, Marshall LL, Killinger BA, Lang S, Ensink E, Kuhn NC, Cui W, Maroof N, Lauria R, Rueb C, Siebourg-Polster J, Maliver P, Lamp J, Vega I, Manfredsson FP, Britschgi M, Labrie V. Epigenetic inactivation of the autophagy-lysosomal system in appendix in Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5134. [PMID: 34446734 PMCID: PMC8390554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract may be a site of origin for α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) may contribute to α-synuclein aggregation. Here we examined epigenetic alterations in the ALP in the appendix by deep sequencing DNA methylation at 521 ALP genes. We identified aberrant methylation at 928 cytosines affecting 326 ALP genes in the appendix of individuals with PD and widespread hypermethylation that is also seen in the brain of individuals with PD. In mice, we find that DNA methylation changes at ALP genes induced by chronic gut inflammation are greatly exacerbated by α-synuclein pathology. DNA methylation changes at ALP genes induced by synucleinopathy are associated with the ALP abnormalities observed in the appendix of individuals with PD specifically involving lysosomal genes. Our work identifies epigenetic dysregulation of the ALP which may suggest a potential mechanism for accumulation of α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juozas Gordevicius
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Peipei Li
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lee L Marshall
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bryan A Killinger
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Lang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ensink
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nazia Maroof
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Lauria
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Rueb
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Siebourg-Polster
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maliver
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jared Lamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Irving Vega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Labrie
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Maliver P, Festag M, Bennecke M, Christen F, Bánfai B, Lenz B, Winter M. Assessment of Preclinical Liver and Skeletal Muscle Biomarkers Following Clofibrate Administration in Wistar Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:506-525. [PMID: 28485676 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317707271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clofibrate is a known rodent hepatotoxicant classically associated with hepatocellular hypertrophy and increased serum activities of cellular alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in the absence of microscopic hepatocellular degeneration. At toxic dose, clofibrate induces liver and skeletal muscle injury. The objective of this study was to assess novel liver and skeletal muscle biomarkers following clofibrate administration in Wistar rats at different dose levels for 7 days. In addition to classical biomarkers, liver injury was assessed by cytokeratin 18 (CK18) cleaved form, high-mobility group box 1, arginase 1 (ARG1), microRNA 122 (miR-122), and glutamate dehydrogenase. Skeletal muscle injury was evaluated with fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3) and myosin light chain 3 (Myl3). Clofibrate-induced hepatocellular hypertrophy and skeletal muscle degeneration (type I rich muscles) were noted microscopically. CK, Fabp3, and Myl3 elevations correlated to myofiber degeneration. Fabp3 and Myl3 outperformed CK for detection of myofiber degeneration of minimal severity. miR-122 and ARG1 results were significantly correlated and indicated the absence of liver toxicity at low doses of clofibrate, despite increased ALT/AST activities. Moreover, combining classical and novel biomarkers (Fabp3, Myl3, ARG1, and miR-122) can be considered a valuable strategy for differentiating increased transaminases due to liver toxicity from skeletal muscle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Maliver
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Festag
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bennecke
- 2 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Penzberg, Germany
| | - Francois Christen
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Bánfai
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.,3 Soladis GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lenz
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Winter
- 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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Lenz B, Brink A, Siam M, De Paepe A, Bassett S, Eichinger-Chapelon A, Maliver P, Neff R, Niederhauser U, Steinhuber B, Zurbach R, Singer T, Funk C, Schuler F, Albassam M, Schadt S. Application of Imaging Techniques to Cases of Drug-Induced Crystal Nephropathy in Preclinical Studies. Toxicol Sci 2017; 163:409-419. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brink
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monira Siam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bassett
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eichinger-Chapelon
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maliver
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Neff
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Niederhauser
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Steinhuber
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Zurbach
- Roche Pharma Technical Operation, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Funk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mudher Albassam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York 10016
| | - Simone Schadt
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Carlus M, Elies L, Fouque MC, Maliver P, Schorsch F. Historical control data of neoplastic lesions in the Wistar Hannover Rat among eight 2-year carcinogenicity studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 65:243-53. [PMID: 21945048 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Incidences of neoplastic lesions were evaluated in untreated Hannover Wistar Rats RjHan: WI (470 males and 470 females) used as control animals in eight carcinogenicity studies. All these studies were performed in a similar environment either for the in vivo and the postmortem evaluation. The major neoplastic lesions were found in the endocrine, integumentary and reproductive systems. Pituitary adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm and occurred in 33.9% of the males and 54.6% of the female rats. The other most frequent tumors in males were thyroid C-cell adenoma (8.6%), pancreatic islet cell adenoma (8.1%), subcutaneous fibrosarcoma (6.6%), subcutaneous fibroma (4.7%), benign pheochromocytoma (3.4%), and cutaneous keratoacanthoma (3.4%). In females, the other highest incidences were mammary fibroadenoma (29%), uterine endometrial stromal polyp (18.1%), mammary adenocarcinoma (14.2%), mammary fibroadenoma with atypia (13.7%), thyroid C-cell adenoma (7.5%), benign thymoma (3.7%), and subcutaneous fibrosarcoma (3.6%). All these data were compared to previously published historical control data. This retrospective analysis was undergone in order to illustrate the result of a stable organization which guarantees a robust historical data base for neoplastic and non neoplastic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Carlus
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary School of Alfort, France.
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7
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Bauchet AL, Elies L, Maliver P, Fouque MC, Balme E, Château-Joubert S, Schorsch F, Fontaine JJ. A mammary gland adenomyoepithelioma in a C57BL/6 mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 60:307-11. [PMID: 18467081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland adenomyoepitheliomas are benign complex mammary gland tumors composed of neoplastic cells of epithelial and myoepithelial origins, described in many species (humans, dogs, cats, rats) and rarely in mice. We report here an adenomyoepithelioma in a C57BL/6 female mouse. Histologically, tubes and cords formed by neoplastic epithelial cells were separated by bundles of neoplastic myoepithelial cells in a clear and partially mucinous matrix. The tumor displayed characteristics of a benign neoplastic proliferation with a compressive growth pattern, and moderate cellular pleomorphism and mitotic index. At immunohistochemistry, the epithelial cells were strongly cytokeratin positive; the myoepithelial cells were weakly cytokeratin positive and strongly smooth muscle actin positive. This is to our knowledge, the first report of a mammary gland adenomyoepithelioma in a C57BL/6 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bauchet
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary School of Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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8
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Bauchet AL, Fouque MC, Belluco S, Château-Joubert S, Elies L, Maliver P, Schorsch F, Fontaine JJ. An atypical case of histiocytic sarcoma in a Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:385-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Maliver P, Estrada M, Lagadic M, Mialot M, Manin S, Fontaine JJ. An Osteoid Variant of Cutaneous Melanoma in a Dog Detected by S100 and Melan A Markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:413-5. [PMID: 15610483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoid malignant melanoma is a rare type of melanoma described in humans and dogs with some areas of bone differentiation. In this tumour, the origin of the bone matrix remains unclear. We report one case of this variant with, for the first time, a cutaneous origin in a dog. Malignant melanomas are aggressive tumours. Amelanotic tumours are sometimes difficult to recognize as they require immunohistochemical evaluation for an adequate diagnosis and we have used anti-vimentin, S100, and melan A antibodies for identification. Melan A is less sensitive but more specific than S100 in identifying amelanotic melanomas. This tumour was positive for vimentin, S100 and melan A, including the areas of osteoid. These results suggest osteoid differentiation of tumour cells rather than induced stromal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maliver
- Laboratoire d'Histocytopathologie Vétérinaire, 95 rue raspail, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Maliver P, Leleu B, Garçon G, Campion J, Crepin S, Hannothiaux M, Zerimech F, Haguenor J, Shirali P. Cellular antioxidant status alterations in human lung cell culture (A549)exposed to benzo(A)pyrene (B&P)-coated iron oxide (Fe2O3 or FE3O4) particles. Toxicol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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