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Mamidipaka A, Di Rosa I, Lee R, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Salowe R, Addis V, Sankar P, Daniel E, Ying GS, O’Brien JM. Factors Associated with Large Cup-to-Disc Ratio and Blindness in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1809. [PMID: 37761949 PMCID: PMC10530848 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) disproportionately affects individuals of African ancestry. In these patients' eyes, a large cup-to-disc ratio (LCDR > 0.90) suggests greater retinal ganglion cell loss, though these patients often display varied visual ability. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with LCDR in African ancestry individuals with POAG and explored the differences between blind (>20/200) and not blind (≤20/200) LCDR eyes. METHODS A case-control methodology was used to investigate the demographic, optic disc, and genetic risk factors of subjects in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics Study. Risk factors were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models with inter-eye correlation adjusted using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Out of 5605 eyes with POAG, 1440 eyes (25.7%) had LCDR. In the multivariable analysis, LCDR was associated with previous glaucoma surgery (OR = 1.72), increased intraocular pressure (OR = 1.04), decreased mean deviation (OR = 1.08), increased pattern standard deviation (OR = 1.06), thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (OR = 1.05), nasalization of vessels (OR = 2.67), bayonetting of vessels (OR = 1.98), visible pores in the lamina cribrosa (OR = 1.68), and a bean-shaped cup (OR = 2.11). Of LCDR eyes, 30.1% were classified as blind (≤20/200). In the multivariable analysis, the statistically significant risk factors of blindness in LCDR eyes were previous glaucoma surgery (OR = 1.72), increased intraocular pressure (OR = 1.05), decreased mean deviation (OR = 1.04), and decreased pattern standard deviation (OR = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of close monitoring of intraocular pressure and visual function in African ancestry POAG patients, particularly those with LCDR, to preserve visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.); (I.D.R.); (R.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.S.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (G.-S.Y.)
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Addis V, Chan L, Chen J, Goodyear K, Pistilli M, Salowe R, Lee R, Sankar P, Miller-Ellis E, Cui QN, Maguire MG, O’Brien J. Evaluation of the Cirrus High-Definition OCT Normative Database Probability Codes in a Black American Population. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2022; 5:110-118. [PMID: 34033949 PMCID: PMC8608902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Race-adjusted interpretation of data from Cirrus high-definition OCT (HD-OCT) devices is not standard practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between healthy Black Americans and the Cirrus HD-OCT normative database. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional observational study using control patients recruited from the greater Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area. PARTICIPANTS A total of 466 eyes were included in this study. Subjects were retrospectively identified from the control cohort of the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. METHODS Using an age-stratified or linear regression method, we reclassified white-green-yellow-red color probability codes for RNFL thicknesses by quadrant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The distribution of reclassified color codes was compared with the expected 5%-90%-4%-1% percentiles and to the original color codes by the Cirrus machine. RESULTS Average RNFL thickness in the POAAGG control cohort was thinner than in the Cirrus normative database in all except the nasal quadrant. The original color codes of the POAAGG cohort did not fall into the expected distributions, with more RNFL measurements assigned as white and red codes than expected (9.5% and 1.7%) and fewer measurements assigned as green and yellow codes than expected (85.3% and 3.5%) (P < 0.001). Compared with the original Cirrus machine, reclassification using linear regression produced color codes closest to the expected distributions (P = 0.09). The proportion of abnormal results shifted closer to the expected 5% in the nasal (1.3%, P < 0.001 vs. 3.0%, P = 0.048) and temporal (8.2%, P = 0.002 vs. 3.6%, P = 0.18) quadrants. CONCLUSIONS Results further establish the presence of structural differences in the RNFL of Black American patients. Color code reclassification suggests that the existing Cirrus database may not be accurately evaluating glaucomatous nerves in patients of African descent. This study addresses an unmet need to assess Cirrus HD-OCT color probability codes in a Black American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Addis
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lilian Chan
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Judy Chen
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kendall Goodyear
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maxwell Pistilli
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy Lee
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prithvi Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Qi N. Cui
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joan O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Corresponding Author: Scheie Eye Institute,
51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,
(; phone: 215-662-8657; fax:
215-662-9676)
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Umavathy K, Sankar P. Ontology based conceptual models for predicting fundamental organic reactivity. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 100:107691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parikh R, O'Keefe L, Salowe R, Mccoskey M, Pan W, Sankar P, Miller-Ellis E, Addis V, Lehman A, Maguire M, O'Brien J. Factors associated with participation by African Americans in a study of the genetics of glaucoma. Ethn Health 2019; 24:694-704. [PMID: 28669230 PMCID: PMC5748378 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1346189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: African Americans have been historically underrepresented in research studies. Our aim was to evaluate factors influencing enrollment in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Design: Patients approached to enroll in the POAAGG study were asked to complete a 15-item survey addressing demographic characteristics, knowledge of genetics and glaucoma, and opinions on human research. Survey responses were compared between subjects who enrolled (Enrollers) and did not enroll (Decliners) in the POAAGG study. Results: Enrollers (N = 190) were 3.7 years younger (P = 0.007) and had similar gender, education, and income level to Decliners (N = 117). Knowledge about genetics and glaucoma was similar between groups. Enrollers were more comfortable providing DNA for research studies (93.1% vs 54.1%; P < 0.001) and more likely to have participated in prior studies (P = 0.003) and consider participating in future studies (P < 0.001). Among Decliners, lack of time was the primary reason given for not enrolling. Conclusion: To increase participation of African Americans in genetic research studies, efforts should be made to raise comfort with DNA donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupin Parikh
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Laura O'Keefe
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Makayla Mccoskey
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Wei Pan
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Prithvi Sankar
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Eydie Miller-Ellis
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Victoria Addis
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Amanda Lehman
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Maureen Maguire
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Joan O'Brien
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Muthiah G, Arangannal P, Jeevarathan J, Sankar P. Lesion sterilization and tissue repair in nonvital primary teeth: An In vivo study. Contemp Clin Dent 2019; 10:31-35. [PMID: 32015638 PMCID: PMC6974984 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_124_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of endodontic treatment of nonvital primary teeth using lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) therapy. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 40 primary molars from 34 children of 3–10 years of age were selected for the study. Nonvital primary molars were treated using LSTR technique with a combination of antibacterial drugs comprising ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and doxycycline with propylene glycol as vehicle. The procedure was completed in a single appointment. Only analgesics were prescribed postoperatively. Postoperative evaluation was done after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Clinical signs and symptoms got resolved in the 1st-month follow-up itself and continued in the subsequent visits. Radiographic evaluation showed a gradual improvement in success rates through the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: LSTR technique can be considered as an alternative treatment option for nonvital primary teeth avoiding a course of systemic antibiotics to the children. Doxycycline can be used in the drug combination instead of minocycline which also gives higher clinical and radiographic success.
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Gedde SJ, Feuer WJ, Shi W, Lim KS, Barton K, Goyal S, Ahmed II, Brandt J, Gedde S, Banitt M, Budenz D, Lee R, Palmberg P, Parrish R, Vazquez L, Wellik S, Werner M, Zink J, Khatana A, Grover D, Neelakantan A, Barton K, El Karmouty A, Puertas R, Panarelli J, Vinod K, Goyal S, Lind J, Shields S, Lim KS, Alaghband P, Brandt J, Sherwood M, Khaimi M, Sankar P, Ansari H, Miller-Ellis E, Feldman R, Baker L, Bell N, Ahmed I, Williams D, Prum B, Ramulu P, Jampel H, Feuer W, Londono L, Schiffman J, Shi W, Silva Y, Vanner E, Chen P, Feuer W, Heuer D, Schiffman J, Singh K, Wright M, Ahmed I, Barton K, Brandt J, Feldman R, Gedde S, Goyal S, Grover D, Heuer D, Khaimi M, Lind J, Lim KS, Panarelli J, Parrish R, Prum B, Ramulu P, Sankar P, Sherwood M, Zink J, Gedde S, Heuer D, Parrish R. Treatment Outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study after 1 Year of Follow-up. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:650-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Muthu PR, Bobby Z, Sankar P, Vickneshwaran V, Jacob SE. Amla (Emblica officinalis) improves hepatic and renal oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in hypothyroid female wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:175-184. [PMID: 29267168 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the protective effects of amla (Emblica officinalis) on the pathogenesis of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory response in hypothyroid rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) as an experimental model of hypothyroidism (HT) with obesity. METHODS A total of 80 female wistar rats (5-months-old) were divided into eight different groups. Propylthiouracil (PTU) and HFD were used to induce the experimental HT and obesity, respectively. The euthyroid and hypothyroid rats were fed either normal chow or HFD with and without amla extract (AE, 100 mg/kg bw/day) for 6 weeks. The blood and tissues, liver and kidney OS and inflammatory parameters were studied using appropriate biochemical and molecular techniques. RESULTS PTU and HFD per se caused OS and inflammatory response as evidenced by increased plasma MDA, TNF-α, CRP and GPx in association with decreased levels of TAS and reduced glutathione (GSH). The proteomic analysis revealed that the expressions of pERK, pP38, TNF-α, IL6, COX2 and NOX-4 were up-regulated in the liver and kidney of these rats. In addition, all these metabolic derangements were further augmented when HT was followed by the addition of HFD. This suggested that there was a synergism between HT and the intake of HFD on the development of OS and inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with amla fruit extract significantly restored the redox imbalance and inflammatory signaling and ameliorated OS and inflammatory response, suggesting the use of this natural compound as an alternative remedy or adjuvant for the management of metabolic complications concomitant with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rajaa Muthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry,India
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Professor and Head of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India, Phone: +91-413-2273078/+91 94436 02996, Fax: 0413-2272067/66
| | - P Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - V Vickneshwaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry,India
| | - Sajini Elizabeth Jacob
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Sankar P, Cyriac M. A non-invasive approach for the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes using HRV parameters. IJBET 2018. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbet.2018.10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sarangarajan R, Meera S, Rukkumani R, Sankar P, Anuradha G. Antioxidants: Friend or foe? ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1111-1116. [PMID: 29268965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are the intermediates that are formed during the normal metabolic process which are effectively neutralized by the antioxidant system of the body. Any imbalance in this neutralization process causes oxidative stress which has been implicated as one of the cause in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disorders, cancer etc. Research has enabled the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases. Literature also puts forth the negative effects of using antioxidants in the treatment of diseases. This review is a compilation of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of use of antioxidants in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarangarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, India.
| | - S Meera
- Private Dental Practitioner, Sree Sai Dental Care, Chennai, India
| | - R Rukkumani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - P Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - G Anuradha
- Private Dental Practitioner, Sai Raghav Dental Clinic, Chennai, India
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Abstract
An in-silico system to encode structure, bonding and properties of coordination complexes is developed. The encoding is achieved through a semantic XML markup frame. Composition of the coordination complexes is captured in terms of central atom and ligands. Structural information of central atom is detailed in terms of electron status of valence electron orbitals. The ligands are encoded with specific reference to the electron environment of ligand centre atoms. Behaviour of ligands to form low or high spin complexes is accomplished by assigning a Ligand Centre Value to every ligand based on the electronic environment of ligand centre atom. Chemical ontologies are used for categorization purpose and to control different hybridization schemes. Complexes formed by the central atoms of transition metal, non-transition elements belonging to s-block, p-block and f-block are encoded with a generic encoding platform. Complexes of homoleptic, heteroleptic and bridged types are also covered by this encoding system. Utility of the encoded system to predict redox electron transfer reaction in the coordination complexes is demonstrated with a simple application.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vinoth
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - P Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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Salowe R, O'Keefe L, Merriam S, Lee R, Khachatryan N, Sankar P, Miller-Ellis E, Lehman A, Addis V, Murphy W, Henderer J, Maguire M, O'Brien J. Cost and yield considerations when expanding recruitment for genetic studies: the primary open-angle African American glaucoma genetics study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:101. [PMID: 28705151 PMCID: PMC5512952 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background African Americans have been historically under-represented in genetic studies. More research is needed on effective recruitment strategies for this population, especially on approaches that supplement traditional clinic enrollment. This study evaluates the cost and efficacy of four supplemental recruitment methods employed by the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Methods After enrolling 2304 patients from University of Pennsylvania ophthalmology clinics, the POAAGG study implemented four new recruitment methods to supplement clinic enrollment. These methods included: 1) outreach in the local community, 2) in-house screening of community members (“in-reach”), 3) expansion to two external sites, and 4) sampling of the Penn Medicine Biobank. The cost per subject was calculated for each method and enrollment among cases, controls, and suspects was reported. Results The biobank offered the lowest cost ($5/subject) and highest enrollment yield (n = 2073) of the four methods, but provided very few glaucoma cases (n = 31). External sites provided 88% of cases recruited from the four methods (n = 388; $85/subject), but case enrollment at these sites declined over the next 9 months as the pool of eligible subjects was depleted. Outreach and in-reach screenings of community members were very high cost for low return on enrollment ($569/subject for 102 subjects and $606/subject for 45 subjects, respectively). Conclusions The biobank offered the most cost-effective method for control enrollment, while expansion to external sites was necessary to recruit richly phenotyped cases. These recruitment methods helped the POAAGG study to exceed enrollment of the discovery cohort (n = 5500) 6 months in advance of the predicated deadline and could be adopted by other large genetic studies seeking to supplement clinic enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura O'Keefe
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sayaka Merriam
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy Lee
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naira Khachatryan
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prithvi Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Lehman
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Addis
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Henderer
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen Maguire
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. joan.o'
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Shafiuzama M, Sabarish Babu MS, Mohamed A, Sankar P, Sindhu GN, Hemalatha S, Ravi Sundar G. Axial pattern flaps, using the deep circumflex iliac artery, superficial brachial and cranial superficial epigastric direct cutaneous arteries in the dog. Iran J Vet Res 2017; 18:216-220. [PMID: 29163653 PMCID: PMC5674447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three dogs (Boxer, Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd) between the age of 7-10 years were presented with the history of tumour masses on right caudo-lateral thigh, right cranial forearm and left cranial and caudal thoracic mammary gland region, respectively. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the tumour masses and the sentinel regional lymph nodes were done. Plain radiography was done to rule out distant metastasis. In all the three cases the tumour masses were large in size, firmly adherent to the tissues underneath and sufficient loose skin was not available to close the skin defect following surgery. Hence axial pattern flaps were chosen to close the skin defect, following wide margin excision of tumour masses, leaving 3 cm from all the dimensions including healthy tissue. Deep circumflex iliac axial pattern flap, superficial brachial axial pattern flap and cranial superficial epigastric axial pattern flap were chosen to close the skin defect in case 1, case 2 and case 3, respectively. Post-operatively the dogs were admitted in in-patient unit for 5 days to restrict movement of the dog for immobilization of the flap and for wound dressing. All the cases recovered uneventfully with few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shafiuzama
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
| | - M. S. Sabarish Babu
- MVSc Scholar in Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
| | - A. Mohamed
- MVSc in Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
| | - P. Sankar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
| | - G. N. Sindhu
- MVSc Scholar in Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
| | - S. Hemalatha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
| | - G. Ravi Sundar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, TANUVAS, Vepery, Chennai-600007, India
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Pleet A, Sulewski M, Salowe RJ, Fertig R, Salinas J, Rhodes A, Merritt Iii W, Natesh V, Huang J, Gudiseva HV, Collins DW, Chavali VRM, Tapino P, Lehman A, Regina-Gigiliotti M, Miller-Ellis E, Sankar P, Ying GS, O'Brien JM. Risk Factors Associated with Progression to Blindness from Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in an African-American Population. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 23:248-56. [PMID: 27348239 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1193207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the risk factors associated with progression to blindness from primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in an African-American population. METHODS This study examined 2119 patients enrolled in the Primary Open-Angle African-American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. A total of 59 eyes were identified as legally blind as a result of POAG (cases) and were age-and sex-matched to 59 non-blind eyes with glaucoma (controls). Chart reviews were performed to record known and suspected risk factors. RESULTS Cases were diagnosed with POAG at an earlier age than controls (p = 0.005). Of the 59 eyes of cases, 16 eyes (27.1%) presented with blindness at diagnosis. Cases had worse visual acuity (VA) at diagnosis (p < 0.0001), with VA worse than 20/40 conferring a 27 times higher risk of progression to blindness (p = 0.0005). Blind eyes also demonstrated more visual field defects (p = 0.01), higher pre-treatment intraocular pressure (IOP; p < 0.0001), and higher cup-to-disc ratio (p = 0.006) at diagnosis. IOP was less controlled in cases, and those with IOP ≥21 mmHg at more than 20% of follow-up visits were 73 times more likely to become blind (p < 0.0001). Cases missed a greater number of appointments per year (p = 0.003) and had non-adherence issues noted in their charts more often than controls (p = 0.03). However, other compliance data did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSION Access to care, initial VA worse than 20/40, and poor control of IOP were the major risk factors associated with blindness from POAG. Future studies should examine earlier, more effective approaches to glaucoma screening as well as the role of genetics in these significantly younger patients who progress to blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pleet
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Melanie Sulewski
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Rebecca J Salowe
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Raymond Fertig
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Julia Salinas
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Allison Rhodes
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - William Merritt Iii
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Vikas Natesh
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jiayan Huang
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - David W Collins
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Paul Tapino
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Amanda Lehman
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Eydie Miller-Ellis
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Prithvi Sankar
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- a Scheie Eye Institute , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Collins DW, Gudiseva HV, Trachtman B, Bowman AS, Sagaser A, Sankar P, Miller-Ellis E, Lehman A, Addis V, O'Brien JM. Association of primary open-angle glaucoma with mitochondrial variants and haplogroups common in African Americans. Mol Vis 2016; 22:454-71. [PMID: 27217714 PMCID: PMC4872278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the population frequencies of all common mitochondrial variants and ancestral haplogroups among 1,999 subjects recruited for the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) Study, including 1,217 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases and 782 controls, and to identify ancestral subpopulations and mitochondrial mutations as potential risk factors for POAG susceptibility. METHODS Subject classification by characteristic glaucomatous optic nerve findings and corresponding visual field defects, as defined by enrolling glaucoma specialists, stereo disc photography, phlebotomy, extraction of total DNA from peripheral blood or saliva, DNA quantification and normalization, PCR amplification of whole mitochondrial genomes, Ion Torrent deep semiconductor DNA sequencing on DNA pools ("Pool-seq"), Sanger sequencing of 3,479 individual mitochondrial DNAs, and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS The distribution of common African haplogroups within the POAAGG study population was broadly similar to prior surveys of African Americans. However, the POAG case population was found to be enriched in L1c2 haplogroups, which are defined in part by missense mutations m.6150G>A (Val83Ile, odds ratio [OR] 1.8, p=0.01), m.6253C>T (Met117Thr, rs200165736, OR 1.6, p=0.04), and m.6480G>A (Val193Ile, rs199476128, OR 4.6, p=0.04) in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (MT-CO1) gene and by a variant, m.2220A>G (OR 2.0, p=0.01), in MT-RNR2, which encodes the mitochondrial ribosomal 16s RNA gene. L2 haplogroups were predicted to be overrepresented in the POAG case population by Pool-seq, and the difference was confirmed to be significant with Sanger sequencing, that targeted the L2-associated variants m.2416T>C (rs28358580, OR 1.2, p=0.02) and m.2332C>T (OR 1.2, p=.02) in MT-RNR2. Another variant within MT-RNR2, m.3010G>A (rs3928306), previously implicated in sensitivity to the optic neuropathy-associated antibiotic linezolid, and arising on D4 and J1 lineages, associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) severity, was confirmed to be common (>5%) but was not significantly enriched in the POAG cases. Two variants linked to the composition of the gut microbiome, m.15784T>C (rs527236194, haplogroup L2a1) and m.16390G>A (rs41378955, L2 haplogroups), were also enriched in the case DNA pools. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate African mtDNA haplogroups L1c2, L1c2b, and L2 as risk factors for POAG. Approximately one in four African Americans have these mitochondrial ancestries, which may contribute to their elevated glaucoma risk. These haplogroups are defined in part by ancestral variants in the MT-RNR2 and/or MT-CO1 genes, several of which have prior disease associations, such as MT-CO1 missense variants that have been implicated in prostate cancer.
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Salowe RJ, Sankar P, Miller-Ellis E, Pistilli M, Ying GS, O'Brien JM. The role of ophthalmology departments in overcoming health care disparities. J Epidemiol Res 2016; 2:25-28. [PMID: 26819970 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v2n1p25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmology departments can play a unique role in providing care for at-risk patients. This study analyzed the age, gender, and socioeconomic measures for 267,286 unique African American patients seen at University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS). Patients seen by the Ophthalmology Department (n=33,801) were older and more likely to be from impoverished zip codes than those seen by other UPHS specialists. These results hint at several inherent advantages of ophthalmology departments in recruiting older, disadvantaged patients to their clinics. We found that supplementing this advantage with strong patient relationships, involvement of community leaders, and customized outreach efforts was key to overcoming access-to-care issues and to reaching these patients. This provides ophthalmologists with a unique opportunity to capture and refer systemic conditions with ocular manifestations and to possibly reduce disparities such as post-hospitalization readmission and mortality observed disproportionately in impoverished populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prithvi Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eydie Miller-Ellis
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maxwell Pistilli
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sankar P, Zachariah B, Vickneshwaran V, Jacob SE, Sridhar MG. Amelioration of oxidative stress and insulin resistance by soy isoflavones (from Glycine max) in ovariectomized Wistar rats fed with high fat diet: the molecular mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2015; 63:67-75. [PMID: 25660477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency after menopause accelerates the redox imbalance and insulin signaling, leading to oxidative stress (OS) and insulin resistance (IR). The molecular mechanisms by which the loss of ovarian hormone leads to OS and IR remain unclear. In the present study we found that rats when subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) resulted in reduction of whole blood antioxidants and elevation of oxidant markers. The expression of anti-oxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) was suppressed whereas the pro-oxidative enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX4) and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK 1/2 and p38 were increased at different tissues. Treatment with soy (SIF, 150 mg/kg BW for 12 weeks) extract markedly reversed these metabolic changes and improved OS. Ovariectomized rats also displayed glucose intolerance (GI) and IR as evident from the impaired glucose tolerance test, and reduced expression of adipose and hepatic insulin receptor beta (IRβ) and adipose tissue GLUT4. Treatment with SIF reversed the ovariectomy induced GI and IR. On the other hand, all these metabolic changes were further augmented when ovariectomy was followed by a high fat diet, and these changes were also reversed by SIF. Taken together, these findings emphasized the antioxidant property and anti-diabetic effects of soy isoflavones suggesting the use of this natural phytoestrogen as a strategy for relieving oxidative stress and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India.
| | - Bobby Zachariah
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India.
| | - V Vickneshwaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Sajini Elizabeth Jacob
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - M G Sridhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006, India
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Sankar P, Veena P, Kumar RS, Lakshmi ND, Kokila S. Ovariectomy in forty rats ( Rattus norvegicus). INDIAN J ANIM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-0555.2014.00023.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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G.P. S, Thomas S, K. S, Sankar P, Bobby Z. Study the effect of s-methyl L-cysteine on lipid metabolism in an experimental model of diet induced obesity. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:2449-51. [PMID: 24392369 PMCID: PMC3879853 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/7304.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-methyl L-cysteine (SMC) is a hydrophilic cysteine-containing compound naturally found in Alium plants such as, garlic and onion. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of SMC in high fructose induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of SMC in high fructose induced diabetic rats. Blood samples were collected and the fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, total antioxidant status (TAS) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated using standard procedures. Differences between the groups were assessed by using One way Analysis of Variance with (ANOVA) Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Oral administration of SMC at a dose of 100 mg/kg bodyweight/day to HFD-treated rats for a period of 60 days showed significant reduction in the animal weight, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-C and elevation in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and TAS compared with fructose fed group. The effects of SMC was compared with metformin; a well-known antihyperglycemic drug. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SMC found to be effective in improving the high fructose induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. It may possibly provide a potential adjuvant for the treatment and management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar G.P.
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Pondicherry- 605 006, India
| | - Sithara Thomas
- Post Graduate, Medical Biochemistry Student, JIPMER, Pondicherry- 605 006, India
| | - Sivaraman K.
- Post Graduate, Medical Biochemistry Student, JIPMER, Pondicherry- 605 006, India
| | - P. Sankar
- Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Pondicherry- 605 006, India
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Additional Professor, Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Pondicherry- 605 006, India
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K. S, Senthilkumar G, Sankar P, Bobby Z. Attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance by allium sativum in fructose-fed male rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1860-2. [PMID: 24179882 PMCID: PMC3809621 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/6924.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose is widely used as a food ingredient and has potential to increase oxidative stress. Moreover, the beneficial health effects of medicinal plants are frequently attributed to their potent antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to explore the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in male wistar rats fed with high fructose diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by feeding 60% fructose rich diet. The fasting plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, tumour necrosis factor alpha, total antioxidant status and the whole blood reduced glutathione, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Differences between the groups were assessed by using One Way Analysis of Variance with (ANOVA) Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS The diabetic rats showed a significant increase in plasma fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, tumour necrosis factor alpha and malondialdehyde level and decreased levels of total antioxidant status, reduced glutathione, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with garlic extract restored all these biochemical changes. CONCLUSION The garlic extract is effective in improving the high fructose induced oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in male wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman K.
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
| | - G.P. Senthilkumar
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
| | - P. Sankar
- Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Additional Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry–605 006, India
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Rukkumani R, Priyanka A, Sankar P, Menon VP. Ferulic acid influences hepatic expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases during alcohol and PUFA induced toxicity. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:2147-2153. [PMID: 23280033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alcoholic fibrosis and its end stage cirrhosis represent a major health problem worldwide. Liver fibrosis occurs when the rate of matrix synthesis exceeds matrix degradation. The degree of matrix remodeling depends on the ratio of active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The objective of the present work was to study the influence of ferulic acid, a polyphenolic compound, on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs during alcohol and heated polyunsaturated fatty acid (delta PUFA) induced liver toxicity in male albino Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of collagen, the activity of MMPs, the activity of TIMPs, the expression pattern of MMP were analyzed in liver. RESULTS The matrix metalloproteinase expression was found to be significantly increased in alcohol as well as delta PUFA treated rats and significantly decreased in alcohol + delta PUFA treated rats. The levels of TIMPs and the collagen were significantly increased in alcohol, delta PUFA and alcohol + delta PUFA groups. Administration of ferulic acid significantly decreased the levels of collagen, TIMPs and positively modulated the expression of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS Ferulic acid influences MMPs, TIMPs expression and effectively protects liver against alcohol and DPUFA induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rukkumani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
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22
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Kumaravel M, Sankar P, Rukkumani R. Antiproliferative effect of an analog of curcumin bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione in human breast cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:1900-1907. [PMID: 23242714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Curcumin exhibits growth-suppressive activity against a variety of cancer cells, but low bioavailability prevents its use in chemotherapeutic applications. One strategy for circumventing this problem has been the creation of synthetic analogs. In this study we synthesized an analog of curcumin bis-1,7-2(hydroxyphenil)-hepta-1,6diene-3,5diore (BDMC-A) and investigated its anti-breast cancer property. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the impact of bis-1,7-2(hydroxyphenil)-hepta-1,6diene-3,5diore (BDMC-A) with that of curcumin in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cell viability assay was used to examine the cell viability/proliferation. LDH assay and cell counts were performed to assess the cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects of the compound respectively. Flow cytometry followed by Western blot were performed to investigate the cell cycle distribution. RESULTS BDMC-A has an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells comparably equivalent to that of curcumin as determined by MTT assay. Cytotoxicity of the cells by both curcumin and BDMC-A were confirmed by LDH release assay and cell count assay. Flow cytometric studies showed accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase which confirms the cell cycle arrest. This was further confirmed by immunoblotting of the protein Cyclin D1, whose expression were found to be decreased in both curcumin and BDMC-A treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the curcumin analog exhibit potent inhibitory activity which is comparable to that of curcumin in human breast cancer cells. Since the solubility of BDMC-A was higher in aqueous medium, it is expected to be more bioavailable, and hence more active in vivo. Further evaluation might reveal its role on various molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumaravel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Sankar P, Subhashree S, Sudharani S. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder on the antioxidant levels of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin induced type II diabetic rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16 Suppl 3:10-17. [PMID: 22957413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Type II diabetes is a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress. Among the natural products, Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) is found to have many active bio molecules. It is used traditionally in Indian folk medicine to treat diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, the antioxidative potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder was assessed in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) induced type II diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used for the study. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione) were measured in pancreas and liver tissues of normal, diabetic and diabetic + Trigonella foenum-graecum treated rats. The diabetic + glibenclamide treated rats served as positive control. RESULTS Treatment of diabetic rats with Trigonella foenum-graecum significantly (p < or = 0.001) improved the fasting blood glucose levels to near normal blood glucose levels. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly higher and the activities of antioxidants were found to be lowered in diabetic rats, as compared to the normal rats. Improved activities of antioxidants and a significant decline in the levels of TBARS were observed in both Trigonella foenum-graecum treated and glibenclamide treated diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Trigonella foenum-graecum, apart from controlling the blood glucose levels, also has antioxidant potential to protect the organs such as liver and pancreas against the oxidative damage induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Veena P, Sankar P, Kumar R, Kokila N. Fibroleomyosarcoma of Vagina in a Bitch. Vet World 2011. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2011.85-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Soundravally R, Sankar P, Bobby Z, Hoti SL. Oxidative stress in severe dengue viral infection: association of thrombocytopenia with lipid peroxidation. Platelets 2009; 19:447-54. [PMID: 18925513 DOI: 10.1080/09537100802155284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in viral infections has been suggested. The study was carried out to assess the oxidative stress in the different clinical spectrums of dengue infection and to evaluate if thrombocytopenia is associated with lipid and protein oxidative injury. Twenty-seven dengue fever (DF), 32 dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 21 dengue shock syndrome (DSS) cases were studied at 3, 5 and 7 days of illness. Sixty-three healthy subjects were selected as controls. Serum protein carbonyls (PCOs), malendialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were estimated in blood. Dengue infected individuals had significantly high levels of PCOs and MDA on the three days tested in comparison to controls. In DF cases, no significant changes in the levels of MDA and PCOs were found in course of time. However, among DHF and DSS, significant increase in MDA levels was found in the fifth and seventh day samples in comparison to their respective third day sample (P < 0.05). Using one way ANOVA, high PCOs levels were found in DSS in comparison to DF and DHF cases on all the three days tested (P < 0.001). TAS levels were found to be low among DSS on days 5 and 7 and day 7 in DHF when compared with DF cases. Correlation analysis between MDA and hematocrit revealed a significant positive association between them in DHF and DSS on day 5 (DHF r = 0.372; p = 0.024 and DSS r = 0.535; p = 0.0-01) and day 7 (DHF r = 0.412; p = 0.003 and DSS r = 0.765; p < 0.0001). There was an important negative correlation between platelet count and plasma lipid peroxidation levels among DHF and DSS on all three days tested [day 3 (DHF r = -0.392; p = 0.012 and DSS r = -0.453; p = 0.004), day 5 (DHF r = -0.592; p < 0.001 and DSS r = -0.581; p < 0.001) and day 7 (DHF r = -0.418; p = 0.001 and DSS r = -0.515; p = 0.002)]. This study concludes that an increase in oxidative stress was found in dengue viral infection. The level of oxidative stress was maximal in DSS followed by DHF and its severity was minimal in DF. The thrombocytopenia of dengue infection was associated with the extent of lipid peroxidation. Future studies might be carried out to find the role of oxidative damage in the ethiopathogenesis of thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage in dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soundravally
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, South India
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Abstract
CONTEXT The need to reinvigorate medical confidentiality protections is recognised as an important objective in building patient trust necessary for successful health outcomes. Little is known about patient understanding and expectations from medical confidentiality. OBJECTIVE To identify and describe patient views of medical confidentiality and to assess provisionally the range of these views. DESIGN Qualitative study using indepth, open ended face-to-face interviews. SETTING Southeastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 85 women interviewed at two clinical sites and three community/research centres. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subjects' understanding of medical confidentiality, beliefs about the handling of confidential information and concerns influencing disclosure of information to doctors. RESULTS The subjects defined medical confidentiality as the expectation that something done or said would be kept "private" but differed on what information was confidential and the basis and methods for protecting information. Some considered all medical information as confidential and thought confidentiality protections functioned to limit its circulation to medical uses and reimbursement needs. Others defined only sensitive or potentially stigmatising information as confidential. Many of these also defined medical confidentiality as a strict limit prohibiting information release, although some noted that specific permission or urgent need could override this limit. CONCLUSIONS Patients share a basic understanding of confidentiality as protection of information, but some might have expectations that are likely not met by current practice nor anticipated by doctors. Doctors should recognise that patients might have their own medical confidentiality models. They should address divergences from current practice and provide support to those who face emotional or practical obstacles to self-revelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jenkins
- Johns Hopkins University, Phoebe R Berman Bioethics Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Casarett D, Karlawish J, Sankar P, Hirschman K, Asch DA. Designing pain research from the patient's perspective: what trial end points are important to patients with chronic pain? Pain Med 2005; 2:309-16. [PMID: 15102235 DOI: 10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to define the endpoints of pain research that are important to patients with chronic pain and to identify clinical and demographic variables that are associated with patients' choices of endpoints. PATIENTS & SETTING Interviews were completed with 40 patients seen at the anesthesia pain clinic of an urban tertiary care medical center. DESIGN Each patient was presented with 4 brief (3-4 sentences) fixed information vignettes describing studies in which new medications would be evaluated. For each, patients were asked to describe how the medication being studied might offer an improvement over their current therapy. OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included structured qualitative analysis of responses, the Brief Pain Inventory, and Global Distress Index of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. RESULTS Patients described a total of 20 endpoints. Individually, patients cited between 2 and 9 endpoints each (mean 4.9, standard deviation 1.7). Of these, the most commonly cited were decrease pain, decrease opioid dose, decrease frequency of scheduled dose, increased ability to function, decrease frequency of breakthrough dose, and improve sleep. Patients with severe pain cited more endpoints than did those with mild or moderate pain (mean 5.5 vs. 4.3; Rank sum test p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that empirical research can provide data to guide the choice of endpoints in clinical studies of pain interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Casarett
- Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Merz J, McGee G, Sankar P. Response from Jon F. Merz, Glenn E. McGee, and Pamela Sankar to Hoeyer and Lynöe's commentary on their article “‘Iceland Inc.’? On the Ethics of Commercial Genomics”. Soc Sci Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hornik R, Sankar P. Reaching mothers in Swaziland: preliminary findings of a child survival program. Dev Commun Rep 2002:7-9. [PMID: 12340545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Residents frequently use humor and slang at the expense of patients on the clinical wards. We studied how medical students react to and interpret the "appropriateness" of derogatory and cynical humor and slang in a clinical setting. DESIGN Semistructured, in-depth interviews. SETTING Informal meeting spaces. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three medical students. MEASUREMENTS Qualitative content analysis of interview transcriptions. MAIN RESULTS Students' descriptions of the humorous stories and their responses reveal that students are able to take the perspective of both outsiders and insiders in the medical culture. Students' responses to these stories show that they can identify the outsider's perspective both by seeing themselves in the outsider's role and by identifying with patients. Students can also see the insider's perspective, in that they identify with residents' frustrations and disappointments and therefore try to explain why residents use this kind of humor. Their participation in the humor and slang--often with reservations--further reveals their ability to identify with the perspective of an insider. CONCLUSIONS Medical students describe a number of conflicting reactions to hospital humor that may enhance and exacerbate tensions that are already an inevitable part of training for many students. This phenomenon requires greater attention by medical educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Parsons
- Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Casarett D, Karlawish J, Sankar P, Hirschman KB, Asch DA. Open label extension studies and the ethical design of clinical trials. IRB 2001; 23:1-5. [PMID: 11837283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Casarett
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
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32
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Abstract
Investigators who conduct clinical pain research are required to obtain voluntary informed consent from patients. However, little is known about what information patients expect when they decide whether to enroll in such studies. It is important that investigators understand these information needs so they can effectively and clearly describe the research risks and potential benefits that matter to potential subjects. By understanding these needs for information, investigators may also be better able to anticipate patients' concerns and to recruit subjects more efficiently. This study was designed to define information needs that patients have when they decide whether to participate in clinical pain research. This paper describes these information needs, and identifies clinical and demographic variables associated with specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Casarett
- University of Pennsylvania Center for Bioethics, PA, Philadelphia, USA.
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33
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Abstract
To examine how patients and caregivers decide whether to enroll in a clinical trial, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 family caregivers of patients with mild to moderate AD who were recruited for a clinical trial. They found that a caregiver who enrolls a patient in research generally involves the patient in the decision-making process, reports that the patient shares in the decision, and regards the risks and benefits to the patient and to the caregiver as interdependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Karlawish
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Abstract
It was our purpose to determine the characteristics of practitioners in the United States who were among the first to inquire about and use the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genetic tests outside of a research protocol. Questionnaires were mailed to all practitioners who requested information on or ordered a BRCA1/2 test from the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Genetic Diagnostics Laboratory (GDL) between October 1, 1995 and January 1, 1997 (the first 15 months the test was available for clinical use). The response rate was 67% of practitioners; 54% (121/225) were genetic counselors, 39% (87/225) were physicians or lab directors. Most physicians were oncologists, pathologists, or obstetrician/gynecologists, but 20% practiced surgery or internal or general medicine. Fifty-six percent (125/225) had ordered a BRCA1/2 test for a patient; most of the rest had offered or were willing to offer testing. Of those who had offered testing, 70% had a patient decline BRCA1/2 testing when offered. Practitioners perceived that patients' fear of loss of confidentiality was a major reason for declining. Nearly 60% of practitioners reported that their patients had access to a genetic counselor, but 28% of physicians who ordered a BRCA1/2 test reported having no such access, despite the GDL's counseling requirement. The proportion of physicians reporting no access to genetic counselors for their patients increased from 22.4% in the first half of the study to 50% in the last half. Many practitioners have an interest in BRCA1/2 testing, despite policy statements that discourage its use outside of research protocols. Practitioner responses suggest that patient interest in testing seems to be tempered by knowledge of potential risks. An apparent increase in patient concern about confidentiality and inability to pay for testing could indicate growing barriers to testing. Although most practitioners reported having access to counseling facilities, perceived lack of such access among an increasing proportion of practitioners indicates that lab requirements for counseling are difficult to enforce and suggests that an increasing proportion of patients may not be getting access to counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Cho
- Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
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35
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Abstract
The disclosure of sensitive information concerning mental health, drug and alcohol use, and communicable diseases requires express patient consent under federal and state laws. This paper presents the results of a retrospective medical record abstraction of hospital consent-to-treatment and release-of-information forms, examining whether the forms are present in the records, and, if so, whether they are signed by patients. The results suggest that patients who have sensitive information in their medical records or pay out of pocket for their care are less likely to consent to disclosure of their records. We discuss the implications of these results and recommend further research to understand patients' perceptions of medical confidentiality and the processes used for securing consent to hospital treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Merz
- Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Market St., Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA.
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36
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37
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38
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Abstract
Disclosure of information clauses in general consent-to-treatment forms used by 202 large hospitals nationwide are described and mapped into a taxonomy to distinguish types of disclosures and to help structure consent documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Merz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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40
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The point system used to distribute scarce transplantable kidneys places great emphasis on antigen matching. This contributes to increased waiting times for African Americans, who have a disproportionate share of rare antigens. We conducted a pilot study to explore the understanding and attitudes of kidney transplant candidates toward the way the transplant allocation system trades off between antigen matching and waiting time. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We performed semi-structured interviews of a convenience sample of 33 patients awaiting transplants in Philadelphia and its surrounding suburbs. Patients had a number of misconceptions about the transplant allocation system. Many incorrectly thought, for example, that quality of life and financial status influence which patients on the waiting list receive available organs. Despite these and other misconceptions, the majority of patients thought the allocation system was fair. However, many African Americans thought the system was biased against them because of their race. After hearing about how the transplant system factors antigen matching and waiting time into organ allocation, the majority of subjects still felt the system was fair. After hearing that the emphasis on antigen matching causes African Americans to wait twice as long as whites, a larger number of subjects thought the system was unfair. Nevertheless, few thought the system should be changed. Even African American patients who felt the system was unfair still approved of the emphasis on antigen matching out of a desire to have a successful kidney transplant. CONCLUSIONS We found that most of the interviewed patients awaiting kidney transplant thought the system should continue to emphasize antigen matching. Although attitudes toward the allocation system differed by race, with African American patients more suspicious of the system, the importance patients placed on antigen matching did not appear to differ by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Louis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA
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41
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Merz JF, Sankar P, Taube SE, Livolsi V. Use of human tissues in research: clarifying clinician and researcher roles and information flows. J Investig Med 1997; 45:252-7. [PMID: 9249997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Merz
- Center for Bioethics, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankar
- Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Kabilan S, Pandiarajan K, Krishnasamy K, Sankar P. Oxidative cleavage of S-arylmercaptoacetic acids by sodium perborate: Kinetic and correlation study. INT J CHEM KINET 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550270504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The novel transcription system of bacteriophage T7 was used to express Escherichia coli genes preferentially with a new low-copy-number plasmid vector, pFN476, to minimize toxic gene effects. Selected E. coli chromosomal fragments from an ordered genomic library (Y. Kohara, K. Ikiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987) were recloned into this vector, and their genes were preferentially expressed in vivo utilizing its T7 promoter. The protein products were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. By using DNA sequence information, the gel migration was predicted for the protein products of open reading frames from these segments, and this information was used to identify gene products visualized as spots on two-dimensional gels. Even in the absence of DNA sequence information, this approach offers the opportunity to identify all gene products of E. coli and map their genes to within 10 kb on the E. coli genome; with sequence information, this approach can produce a definitive expression map of the E. coli genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0620
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45
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Abstract
The gene-protein database of Escherichia coli is both an index relating a gene to its protein product on two-dimensional gels, and a catalog of information about the function, regulation, and genetics of individual proteins obtained from two-dimensional gel analysis or collated from the literature. Edition 5 has 102 new entries--a 15% increase in the number of annotated two-dimensional gel spots. The large increase in this edition was accomplished in part by the use of a new method for expression analysis of ordered segments of the E. coli genome, which has resulted in linking 50 gel spots to their genes (or open reading frames) and another 45 to specific regions of the chromosome awaiting the availability of DNA sequence information. Communication of information from the scientific community resulted in additional identifications and regulatory information. To increase accessibility of the database it has been placed in the repository at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine under the name ECO2DBASE. It will be updated twice yearly. This edition of the gene-protein database is estimated to contain entries for one-sixth of the protein-encoding genes of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A VanBogelen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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46
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Abstract
In this paper we present an overview of methods for determining cell volume in both suspension and monolayer cultures. Data from the use of selected methods such as the Coulter counter system for suspension cultures and radiolabelled intracellular markers for substratum-attached, monolayer cultures are presented. The advantages, limitations, and conditions under which the different methods can be used are discussed. It is pointed out that there is a need for more direct physical methods for measuring dynamic changes in the cell volume of monolayer cultures without removing the cells from the substratum. Data from a method applicable to such cultures that measures extracellular impedance are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kimelberg
- Division of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, NY 12208
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kimelberg
- Division of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, N.Y. 12208
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48
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Neidhardt FC, Appleby DB, Sankar P, Hutton ME, Phillips TA. Genomically linked cellular protein databases derived from two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1989; 10:116-22. [PMID: 2659319 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In its most useful form a cellular protein database should be genomically based, because it is the genome which determines both the total number of proteins a cell can make and the particular ones that will be made under any given condition. Such a database should trace each protein back to its structural gene, and should account for every structural gene of a cell. Recent advances in molecular biology greatly facilitate the construction of such gene-protein databases. The mapping of genes of unidentified proteins resolved from total cell extracts on two-dimensional gels can now be accomplished by largely biochemical methods, without the necessity of isolating mutants or performing genetic crosses. Other techniques permit one to search gels for the product of any newly discovered gene (or open reading frame) suspected of encoding a protein. Consequently, gene-protein indices can be built independently and simultaneously from either direction--deducing the genetic map from the protein pattern, or finding the protein pattern from information encoded in the genome. A database of this sort is being constructed for the bacterium, Escherichia coli. Given the current pace of DNA nucleotide sequencing, the development of total gene-protein indices for a variety of cells can be anticipated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Neidhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0620
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49
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Abstract
A new gene whose product is essential for production of all three hydrogenase isoenzymes in Escherichia coli has been identified. This gene, termed hydF, mapped at 59 min in the E. coli chromosome and resided next to the hydB gene. The map order of these genes was hydE, hydF, hydB, fhlA, and fdv. The hydF gene was transcribed from its own promoter and coded for a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 to 44,000. Expression of the hydF operon was enhanced by anaerobic growth conditions. Partial products of the hydF gene were capable of supporting various levels of hydrogenase activity in a hydF mutant in the presence of the fhlA gene product, also produced from multicopy plasmids. In the presence of a second mutation in an unidentified, unlinked gene, hydrogenase activity in a hydF mutant was restored by plasmids which carried incomplete hydF and hydB+ genes. These results suggest that the products of hydF and fhlA interact with each other and with yet one other gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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50
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Abstract
Synthesis of formate dehydrogenase coupled to formate hydrogenlyase activity in Escherichia coli was found to require the product of the fhlA gene. Transcription of fdhF, the gene coding for the 80-kilodalton (kDa) selenopeptide of formate dehydrogenase, was not detected in an fhlA genetic background. Mutations in the fhlA gene also abolished production of the hydrogenase activity associated with formate hydrogenlyase activity. The fhlA gene resides next to the hydB gene at 59 min in the E. coli chromosome, and the two genes are transcribed in opposite directions. The fhlA gene codes for a 78-kDa protein. A neighboring gene, fdv, codes for an 82-kDa protein, and the physiological role of this gene product is unknown, although a role in H2 metabolism can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sankar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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