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Wolf A, Stratmann J, Shaid S, Niklas N, Calleja A, Munro R, Waldenberger D, Carroll R, Daumont M, Penrod J, Lacoin L, Rohde G. P10.10 Trends in Treatment Patterns and Survival in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated at Frankfurt University Hospital in 2012–2018. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soares M, Antunes L, Oliveira-Gomes J, Paupério G, Cardia J, Redondo P, Borges M, Chaib C, Lacoin L, Grimson F, Ralphs E, Munro R, Daumont M, Penrod J, O'Donnell J, Bento M, Gonçalves FR. P09.42 Second-Line Immunotherapy Treatment Patterns in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Portugal: An I-O Optimise Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
SummaryThe bite of the medicinal leech bleeds for many hours. For decades it has been assumed that the remarkably prolonged bleeding time of a leech bite wound is due to hirudin, a specific anti-thrombin secreted by the leech during feeding. By measuring haematological parameters of blood oozing from a leech bite wound on 15 different occasions in 7 human volunteers, we demonstrate that the hirudin-sensitive coagulation parameters, including thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, are prolonged for only 15 min, after which they return to normal. This suggests that excess hirudin secreted by the leech is washed out during this period. However, bleeding from the leech bite wound persists for a mean of 10 h. Platelets in smears of exuding blood show no evidence of spontaneous aggregation, but in vitro platelet aggregation can be induced by exogenous collagen at any time. In view of sustained bleeding in the apparent absence of hirudin, attention is focussed onto an unsuspected factor or factors which may better explain the prolonged bleeding phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Munro
- The Haematology Department, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - F O P Hechtel
- The Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea, Swansea, UK
| | - R T Sawyer
- The Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea, Swansea, UK
- Biopharm (UK) Ltd, Swansea, UK
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Abstract
Investigation of animal-related crime, and therefore submission of forensic cases to veterinary pathology facilities, is increasing, yet many veterinary pathologists are unfamiliar and often uncomfortable with involvement in the forensic necropsy. This article discusses various aspects of the forensic necropsy without specific attention to any particular species group or crime. General advice is given on procedures, documentation, and recording of the examination, and the article indicates how these features may differ from those used in investigation of natural disease. It also discusses evidence management, including recordkeeping, identification of evidence, labeling of photographs, and use of standard operating procedures and protocols. Various written and visual methods for documentation of the forensic necropsy are covered, and adjunctive topics such as sample collection, assessment, and description of wounds and taphonomy are included. Cause, mechanism, and manner of death are defined, and guidance to the use of these terms is given. The aim of this article is to offer guidance on procedural aspects of the forensic necropsy that will help those developing their forensic services, contribute to standardization of the provision of forensic veterinary pathology, and build the confidence of the "uncomfortable" forensic veterinary pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Brooks Brownlie
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R Munro
- Royal Veterinary College, London and Royal School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Munro R, Munro HMC. Some challenges in forensic veterinary pathology: a review. J Comp Pathol 2012; 149:57-73. [PMID: 23153727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Forensic veterinary pathology is a diverse discipline that is in an early phase of its development. Common challenges include estimation of the age of skin wounds and bruises, the diagnosis of drowning and estimation of the time since death. However, many details of the pathological findings related to these various aspects await validation. The 'multispecies' nature of veterinary pathology, combined with the preponderance of published observations originating from animal experimentation, rather than casework, poses two challenges. Firstly, extrapolation of results between species may jeopardize the reliability (and credibility) of the forensic opinion. Secondly, experimental studies may not truly reflect the spectrum of changes seen in actual cases (e.g. extent of injuries, infection, age and health of victim). With regard to drowning, diagnosis based on post-mortem findings remains problematical. Methods for estimation of the time since death (also known as the post-mortem interval) continue to be a major focus of study, with fresh avenues such as post-mortem diagnostic imaging offering interesting possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Munro
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, UK.
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Trauernicht C, Maree G, Hering E, Du Plessis F, Stannard C, Lecuona K, Munro R, Tovey S. PO-380 THE “CLAWS”: A GOLD APPLICATOR LOADED WITH I-125 SEEDS FOR LOCALIZED WHOLE EYE RADIOTHERAPY. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Munro R. Dissecting the Evidence: the Forensic Pathologist's Role. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Evans PA, Thirumalai N, Morris R, Hawkins K, Munro R, Wakeman L, Lawrence M, Beddal A, Williams P. Gel point and fractal microstructure of incipient blood clots are significant new markers of haemostasis. Arch Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2009.082081y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Evans P, Hawkins K, Morris R, Thirumalai N, Munro R, Wakeman L, Lawrence M, Beddal A, Williams P. Gel point and fractal microstructure of incipient blood clots are significant new markers of haemostasis. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4084322 DOI: 10.1186/cc7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Accurate, reliable laboratory reference ranges are essential for effective clinical evaluation and monitoring. We present robust reference ranges established for haematology, coagulation and haematinic parameters using the Sysmex XE 2100, CA 1500 and Beckman-Coulter Access analysers. Blood samples were taken from 250 healthy laboratory personnel and routine haematology, coagulation and haematinic parameter analysis performed. Our data represent findings from an extensive study to establish reference ranges in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wakeman
- Haematology Department, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.
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Abstract
The winter diets of roe deer culled from Kielder Forest, in north-east England, where the incidence of liver carcinomas in roe deer is high, and Galloway Forest, in south-west Scotland, where the incidence of liver carcinomas is low, were compared by microhistological analysis of faeces. Both areas are planted with spruce forests but the diets of the deer from Kielder Forest were less varied and contained more spruce and heather than the diets of the deer from Galloway Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B de Jong
- Resource Ecology Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornsesteeg 69, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Munro R, Hardingham S, Dorward NR, Morris K. A comparison of various evacuated blood collection tubes for monitoring warfarin therapy with Innovin. J Thromb Haemost 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.tb05496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lyons D, Munro R. Dissent as a symptom: why China has questions to answer. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180:551-2. [PMID: 12042239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- R Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South Western Area Pathology Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Pitcairn CER, Skiba UM, Sutton MA, Fowler D, Munro R, Kennedy V. Defining the spatial impacts of poultry farm ammonia emissions on species composition of adjacent woodland groundflora using Ellenberg Nitrogen Index, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions and foliar nitrogen as marker variables. Environ Pollut 2002; 119:9-21. [PMID: 12125733 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The marker variables, Ellenberg Nitrogen Index, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes and foliar nitrogen, were used to define the impacts of NH3 deposition from nearby livestock buildings on species composition of woodland ground flora, using a woodland site close to a major poultry complex in the UK. The study centred on 2 units in close proximity to each other, containing 350,000 birds, and estimated to emit around 140,000 kg N year(-1) as NH3. Annual mean concentrations of NH3 close to the buildings were very large (60 microg m(-3)) and declined to 3 microg m(-3) at a distance of 650 m from the buildings. Estimated total N deposition ranged from 80 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at a distance of 30 m to 14 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) at 650 m downwind. Emissions of N2O and NO were 56 and 131 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 30 m and 13 and 80 microg N m(-2) h(-1), respectively at 250 m downwind of the livestock buildings. Species number in woodland ground flora downwind of the buildings remained fairly constant for a distance of 200 m from the units then increased considerably, doubling at a distance of 650 m. Within the first 200 m downwind, trends in plant species composition were hard to discern because of variations in tree canopy composition and cover. The mean Ellenberg N Index ranged from 6.0 immediately downwind of the livestock buildings to 4.8 at 650 m downwind. The mean abundance weighted Ellenberg N Index also declined with distance from the buildings. Tissue N concentrations in trees, herbs and mosses were all large, reflecting the substantial ammonia emissions at this site. Tissue N content of ectohydric mosses ranged from approximately 4% at 30 m downwind to 1.6% at 650 m downwind. An assessment of the relative merits of the three marker variables concludes, that while Ellenberg Index and trace gas fluxes of N2O and NO give broad indications of impacts of ammonia emissions on woodland vegetation, the application of a critical foliar N content for ectohydric mosses is the most useful method for providing spatial information which could be of value to policy developers and planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E R Pitcairn
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK.
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Munro R. Nurse prescribing. A spoonful of sugar. Nurs Times 2001; 97:12-3. [PMID: 11966273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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Munro R. Mental health. This time next year.... Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11954514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Mental health. Recovery is a state of mind. Nurs Times 2001; 97:12. [PMID: 11966036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Uncovering the secret journey. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11966134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Government acts to end A&E chaos. Nurs Times 2001; 97:4. [PMID: 11966172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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Munro R. Anthrax. When immunity may not be safe. Nurs Times 2001; 97:10-1. [PMID: 11966151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Red tape is strangling the NHS, claim tories. Nurs Times 2001; 97:8. [PMID: 11966130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Kenny C, Munro R. Unison set to claim at least 10% pay hike. Nurs Times 2001; 97:4. [PMID: 11966027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Biological weapons. Germs of fear. Nurs Times 2001; 97:12-3. [PMID: 11949348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Abstract
A review of the epidemiology of meningococcal disease (MD) in Australia was undertaken, with particular emphasis on the 1990s, when national strain differentiation data became available. The data included a review of clinical and laboratory notification data and published reports on clusters and outbreaks. There have been considerable changes in the patterns of MD in the 1990s. In some cases, these changes can be related to the dominance of a particular phenotype. In the early 1990s, widely scattered urban and rural clusters were associated with the phenotype C:2b:P1.2 and strains were closely genetically related. Larger urban clusters and increased numbers of cases in adolescents and young adults were most obvious in New South Wales in the mid-1990s and were associated with a phenotype C:2a:P1.5. This ET-15 clone of the ET-37 complex caused similar patterns of MD to those seen in other countries as part of the global spread of the clone. In contrast, the B:4:P1.4 phenotype, with close genetic similarities to New Zealand strains, did not cause the hyperendemic disease seen in New Zealand this decade. The epidemiology of MD will continue to exhibit considerable variation due, at least in part, to the genetic flexibility of meningococci. Information about strain variation expands our understanding of changing patterns of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jelfs
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South-western Area Pathology Service, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.
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Munro R. You can run, but you can't hide. Nurs Times 2001; 97:11. [PMID: 11935755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Child health. Out of sight, out of mind. Nurs Times 2001; 97:11. [PMID: 11935842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Nurses get ready for TV stardom. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11957702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Nursing education. Who's failing whom? Nurs Times 2001; 97:12-3. [PMID: 11957580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Akid M, Munro R. Patient death. Anonymous calls brand nurses as 'murderers'. Nurs Times 2001; 97:4. [PMID: 11957597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Missing student's family hits out at nursing college. Nurs Times 2001; 97:4. [PMID: 11957657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Mental health. Talk of a lay-off. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11957610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Akid M, Munro R. Mental health. Lay workers 'better than nurses'. Nurs Times 2001; 97:7. [PMID: 11957695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Infection control. 'We've not seen the worst of CJD yet'. Nurs Times 2001; 97:12-3. [PMID: 11957671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Tapsall JW, Shultz T, Limnios E, Munro R, Mercer J, Porritt R, Griffith J, Hogg G, Lum G, Lawrence A, Hansman D, Collignon P, Southwell P, Ott K, Gardam M, Richardson CJ, Bates J, Murphy D, Smith H. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in invasive isolates of Neisseria meningitidis in Australia 1994-1999. Pathology 2001; 33:359-61. [PMID: 11523940 DOI: 10.1080/pat.33.3.359.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1434 strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Australia between 1994 and 1999 were examined by standard methods for susceptibility to antibiotics used for treatment and prophylaxis. The proportion of isolates fully susceptible to penicillin decreased from 45% in 1994 to 26% in 1999 (P<0.001). All the other isolates were less sensitive to penicillin except for two meningococci with a penicillin MIC of 1 mg/l. The geometric mean penicillin MIC increased from 0.045 to 0.065 mg/l from 1994 to 1999. There was no significant difference in the geometric mean penicillin MICs of serogroup B and serogroup C meningococci. Penicillin susceptibility was significantly associated with a poorer outcome. Isolates from survivors of IMD had a higher geometric mean penicillin MIC (0.06 mg/l) than those from fatal cases (0.048 mg/l) (P< 0.001). This suggests that factors other than the decrease in susceptibility to penicillin observed were more relevant to outcome in IMD. All isolates were fully susceptible to ceftriaxone. Rifampicin resistance was infrequent (eight isolates in 6 years) and sporadic. A single isolate had decreased quinolone susceptibility. Despite the significant shift in susceptibility to penicillin recorded, this group of antibiotics remains a suitable treatment for IMD in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Tapsall
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Munro R. Information technology. Net gains for online nurses. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11957938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Patient consent. Hidden benefits. Nurs Times 2001; 97:10. [PMID: 11957491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Postnatal depression. The mother of all moods. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11958050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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Munro R. Amputation. Time to limber up. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14-5. [PMID: 11958008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Crime. 'Lazy' killer gets life. Nurs Times 2001; 97:6-7. [PMID: 11958040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Gosbell IB, Mercer JL, Neville SA, Crone SA, Chant KG, Jalaludin BB, Munro R. Non-multiresistant and multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community-acquired infections. Med J Aust 2001; 174:627-30. [PMID: 11480682 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To survey Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients presenting from the community, comparing clinical features and antibiotic sensitivity profiles between multiresistant and non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive isolates. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Patients who presented to emergency or dermatology departments in hospitals served by the South Western Sydney Area Health Service between 1 May 1998 and 30 April 1999. All patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the first 100 with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus were eligible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient demographic characteristics; risk factors; clinical presentation; treatment; outcome; and isolate antibiotic susceptibility. RESULTS 139 patients were eligible, and 122 had clinical records available. Ten of these 122 (8%) had multiresistant MRSA, 26 (21%) non-multiresistant MRSA and 86 (70%) methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. Among patients with non-multiresistant MRSA, 29% (7/24) were born in New Zealand, Samoa or Tonga, a higher proportion than among those with multiresistant MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (P= 0.03). Nearly half (44%) of non-multiresistant MRSA strains were community-acquired in patients with no risk factors. Two-thirds of patients with non-multiresistant MRSA (17/26) presented with cellulitis or abscess, and 58% (11/19 evaluable patients) required surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Non-multiresistant MRSA strains are common, especially among people born in New Zealand, Samoa or Tonga, and are usually community acquired. Medical practitioners should routinely swab all staphylococcal lesions for culture and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Gosbell
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South Western Area Pathology Service, Sydney, NSW.
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Munro R. Sharps safety. Solving the needlestick nightmare. Nurs Times 2001; 97:12. [PMID: 11954464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Nurses are caught in the crossfire. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14. [PMID: 11954417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Nursing and Midwifery Council. Clocking in at the council. Nurs Times 2001; 97:12-3. [PMID: 11957461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Gosbell IB, Mercer JL, Neville SA, Chant KG, Munro R. Community-acquired, non-multiresistant oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (NORSA) in South Western Sydney. Pathology 2001; 33:206-10. [PMID: 11358055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) infections are an emerging problem in the 1990s in Sydney, Australia. Laboratory data pertaining to all specimens that grew S. aureus between 1/1/1990 and 31/12/1999 were analysed. A total of 12,909 isolates of S. aureus were obtained. The proportions that were nonmultiresistant oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (NORSA) increased from 0.09% in 1990 to 5.5% in 1999. Resistance of NORSA strains to erythromycin was 8.5%, ciprofloxacin 8.4%, tetracycline 13%, rifampicin 0.7%, and fusidic acid 5.3%. A chart review was performed for cases of NORSA infection which occurred 1/1/1998-3/5/1998. Isolates from these cases underwent E-test oxacillin MIC testing, mecA determinant PCR, phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All nine of the patients with NORSA were Polynesians, and all had serious soft tissue infections. Bacteraemia was not seen. Only one patient received vancomycin yet all recovered. Isolates from all nine patients contained the mecA determinant. Oxacillin MICs were 1-8 mg/l. Strain differentiation with phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed isolates from eight patients were closely related and were similar to New Zealand WSPP1 and WSPP2 strains. Medical practitioners should take specimens for culture and sensitivity from lesions where infection with S. aureus is likely. Empirical treatment of staphylococcal infections in Polynesians needs to cover NORSA. Methods to detect oxacillin resistance need to be robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Gosbell
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South Western Area Pathology Service, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
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Munro R. You're in the NHS now. Nurs Times 2001; 97:14-5. [PMID: 11954360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Munro R. Learning disabilities. 'Really good news' for neglected nurses. Nurs Times 2001; 97:13. [PMID: 11954262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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