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Costa RS, Ciotti-McClallen M, Tilley R, Perry S, Maki L, Starks D, Stein AB. Intramuscular alfaxalone with or without buprenorphine or hydromorphone provides sedation with minimal adverse effects in healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a randomized blinded controlled trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:223-228. [PMID: 36520651 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.10.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of alfaxalone administered IM with or without buprenorphine or hydromorphone in healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ANIMALS 24 male rabbits undergoing elective orchiectomy between August 21, 2021, and November 6, 2021. PROCEDURES In this controlled clinical trial, rabbits were randomly assigned to receive alfaxalone (4 mg/kg, IM) alone (group A; n = 8) or with buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg, IM; group BA; 8) or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg, IM; group HA; 8). Vital signs and sedation scores were recorded immediately prior to (T0) and 10 minutes after (T1) treatment. Ease of IV catheter placement and pain scores were also evaluated. All rabbits received ketamine (2.5 mg/kg, IV), midazolam (0.13 mg/kg, IV), and meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg, SC) before orchiectomy but after IM treatments. Results were compared across groups with ANOVA or Fisher exact tests and across time with paired t tests. RESULTS Sedation score, median time to recumbency, and ease of catheter placement did not differ among groups. Supraglottic airway device placement was possible for 1 rabbit in group A, 1 in group BA, and 2 in group HA. Mean respiratory rate at T1 versus T0 was significantly decreased for groups BA (63.8 vs 128.6 breaths/min) and HA (66.7 vs 123.2 breaths/min). Mean postoperative pain scores were significantly lower for rabbits in group HA (0.58), compared with those in groups A (2.25) and BA (2.06). CLINICAL RELEVANCE All 3 treatments provided reliable sedation; however, alfaxalone (4 mg/kg, IM) combined with hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg, IM) may be a better choice for painful procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata S Costa
- 1Companion Animal Hospital, Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Miranda Ciotti-McClallen
- 1Companion Animal Hospital, Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Rachel Tilley
- 1Companion Animal Hospital, Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Stefanie Perry
- 1Companion Animal Hospital, Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Lynn Maki
- 1Companion Animal Hospital, Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Darius Starks
- 1Companion Animal Hospital, Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Amy B Stein
- 2Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
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Ahmed S, Bonnett L, Melhuish A, Adil MT, Aggarwal I, Ali W, Bennett J, Boldock E, Burns FA, Czarniak E, Dennis R, Flower B, Fok R, Goodman AL, Halai S, Hanna T, Hashem M, Hodgson SH, Hughes G, Hurndall KH, Hyland R, Iqbal MR, Jarchow-MacDonald A, Kailavasan M, Klimovskij M, Laliotis A, Lambourne J, Lawday S, Lee F, Lindsey B, Lund JN, Mabayoje DA, Malik KI, Muir A, Narula HS, Ofor U, Parsons H, Pavelle T, Prescott K, Rajgopal A, Roy I, Sagar J, Scarborough C, Shaikh S, Smart CJ, Snape S, Tabaqchali MA, Tennakoon A, Tilley R, Vink E, White L, Burke D, Kirby A. Development and internal validation of clinical prediction models for outcomes of complicated intra-abdominal infection. Br J Surg 2021; 108:441-447. [PMID: 33615351 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with cIAI in a multicentre study and to develop clinical prediction models (CPMs) to help identify patients at risk of mortality or relapse. METHODS A multicentre observational study was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 in the UK. Adult patients diagnosed with cIAI were included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to develop CPMs for mortality and cIAI relapse. The c-statistic was used to test model discrimination. Model calibration was tested using calibration slopes and calibration in the large (CITL). The CPMs were then presented as point scoring systems and validated further. RESULTS Overall, 417 patients from 31 surgical centres were included in the analysis. At 90 days after diagnosis, 17.3 per cent had a cIAI relapse and the mortality rate was 11.3 per cent. Predictors in the mortality model were age, cIAI aetiology, presence of a perforated viscus and source control procedure. Predictors of cIAI relapse included the presence of collections, outcome of initial management, and duration of antibiotic treatment. The c-statistic adjusted for model optimism was 0.79 (95 per cent c.i. 0.75 to 0.87) and 0.74 (0.73 to 0.85) for mortality and cIAI relapse CPMs. Adjusted calibration slopes were 0.88 (95 per cent c.i. 0.76 to 0.90) for the mortality model and 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) for the relapse model; CITL was -0.19 (95 per cent c.i. -0.39 to -0.12) and - 0.01 (- 0.17 to -0.03) respectively. CONCLUSION Relapse of infection and death after complicated intra-abdominal infections are common. Clinical prediction models were developed to identify patients at increased risk of relapse or death after treatment, these now require external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - L Bonnett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Melhuish
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M T Adil
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - I Aggarwal
- Infection Unit, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - W Ali
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - J Bennett
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Boldock
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - F A Burns
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - E Czarniak
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Dennis
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - B Flower
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Fok
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - A L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Halai
- Department of Surgery, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - T Hanna
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Hashem
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - S H Hodgson
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - G Hughes
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - K-H Hurndall
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - R Hyland
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M R Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | | | - M Kailavasan
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - M Klimovskij
- Department of Surgery, Conquest Hospital, East Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, East Sussex, UK
| | - A Laliotis
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Lambourne
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Lawday
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - F Lee
- Radiology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Lindsey
- Department of Microbiology, The Whittington Hospital, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J N Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - D A Mabayoje
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - K I Malik
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Muir
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - H S Narula
- Department of Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Trust Hospital, Chesterfield, UK
| | - U Ofor
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - H Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - T Pavelle
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - K Prescott
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rajgopal
- Department of Microbiology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - I Roy
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - J Sagar
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - C Scarborough
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C J Smart
- Department of Surgery, Macclesfield District General Hospital, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Cheshire, UK
| | - S Snape
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - M A Tabaqchali
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Tennakoon
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - E Vink
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L White
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - D Burke
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Kirby
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
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Idelevich EA, Seifert H, Sundqvist M, Scudeller L, Amit S, Balode A, Bilozor A, Drevinek P, Kocak Tufan Z, Koraqi A, Lamy B, Mareković I, Miciuleviciene J, Müller Premru M, Pascual A, Pournaras S, Saegeman V, Schønheyder HC, Schrenzel J, Strateva T, Tilley R, Wiersinga WJ, Zabicka D, Carmeli Y, Becker K. Microbiological diagnostics of bloodstream infections in Europe-an ESGBIES survey. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1399-1407. [PMID: 30980927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-quality diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI) is important for successful patient management. As knowledge on current practices of microbiological BSI diagnostics is limited, this project aimed to assess its current state in European microbiological laboratories. METHODS We performed an online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey comprising 34 questions on practices of microbiological BSI diagnostics. The ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections, Endocarditis and Sepsis (ESGBIES) was the primary platform to engage national coordinators who recruited laboratories within their countries. RESULTS Responses were received from 209 laboratories in 25 European countries. Although 32.5% (68/209) of laboratories only used the classical processing of positive blood cultures (BC), two-thirds applied rapid technologies. Of laboratories that provided data, 42.2% (78/185) were able to start incubating BC in automated BC incubators around-the-clock, and only 13% (25/192) had established a 24-h service to start immediate processing of positive BC. Only 4.7% (9/190) of laboratories validated and transmitted the results of identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of BC pathogens to clinicians 24 h/day. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry from briefly incubated sub-cultures on solid media was the most commonly used approach to rapid pathogen identification from positive BC, and direct disc diffusion was the most common rapid AST method from positive BC. CONCLUSIONS Laboratories have started to implement novel technologies for rapid identification and AST for positive BC. However, progress is severely compromised by limited operating hours such that current practice of BC diagnostics in Europe complies only partly with the requirements for optimal BSI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Idelevich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Sundqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Scudeller
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Fondazione IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Amit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Balode
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Bilozor
- Microbiology Laboratory, Diagnostic Clinic, East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - P Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Kocak Tufan
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Medical School of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Koraqi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Centre 'Mother Theresa', Tirana, Albania
| | - B Lamy
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065 (C3M), Nice, France
| | - I Mareković
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - M Müller Premru
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Pascual
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiologia y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Pournaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V Saegeman
- Department of Infection Control and Epidemiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H C Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J Schrenzel
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Strateva
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - W J Wiersinga
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Zabicka
- National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y Carmeli
- Division of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Fitzpatrick JM, Biswas JS, Edgeworth JD, Islam J, Jenkins N, Judge R, Lavery AJ, Melzer M, Morris-Jones S, Nsutebu EF, Peters J, Pillay DG, Pink F, Price JR, Scarborough M, Thwaites GE, Tilley R, Walker AS, Llewelyn MJ. Gram-negative bacteraemia; a multi-centre prospective evaluation of empiric antibiotic therapy and outcome in English acute hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:244-51. [PMID: 26577143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance makes choosing antibiotics for suspected Gram-negative infection challenging. This study set out to identify key determinants of mortality among patients with Gram-negative bacteraemia, focusing particularly on the importance of appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment. We conducted a prospective observational study of 679 unselected adults with Gram-negative bacteraemia at ten acute english hospitals between October 2013 and March 2014. Appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment was defined as intravenous treatment on the day of blood culture collection with an antibiotic to which the cultured organism was sensitive in vitro. Mortality analyses were adjusted for patient demographics, co-morbidities and illness severity. The majority of bacteraemias were community-onset (70%); most were caused by Escherichia coli (65%), Klebsiella spp. (15%) or Pseudomonas spp. (7%). Main foci of infection were urinary tract (51%), abdomen/biliary tract (20%) and lower respiratory tract (14%). The main antibiotics used were co-amoxiclav (32%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (30%) with 34% receiving combination therapy (predominantly aminoglycosides). Empiric treatment was inappropriate in 34%. All-cause mortality was 8% at 7 days and 15% at 30 days. Independent predictors of mortality (p <0.05) included older age, greater burden of co-morbid disease, severity of illness at presentation and inflammatory response. Inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was not associated with mortality at either time-point (adjusted OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.35-1.94 and adjusted OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.50-1.66, respectively). Although our study does not exclude an impact of empiric antibiotic choice on survival in Gram-negative bacteraemia, outcome is determined primarily by patient and disease factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - J S Biswas
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kings College London and Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J D Edgeworth
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kings College London and Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK
| | - N Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Tropical Medicine, Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Judge
- Department of Microbiology, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - A J Lavery
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Melzer
- Department of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Morris-Jones
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E F Nsutebu
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Peters
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - D G Pillay
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Tropical Medicine, Heart of England NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Pink
- Department of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J R Price
- Department of Microbiology, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chichester, UK
| | - M Scarborough
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - G E Thwaites
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - A S Walker
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M J Llewelyn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK; Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK.
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5
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Hope R, Blackburn RM, Verlander NQ, Johnson AP, Kearns A, Hill R, Hopkins S, Sheridan E, Livermore DM, Scarborough M, Majumdar S, Cunniffe J, Farrington M, Gouliouris T, Marodi C, Godwin P, Tuck A, Warren R, Coe P, Hassan I, Mannion P, Loudon K, Youngs E, Johnson A, Lee M, Weston V, Guleri A, Howe R, Matthew D, Cotterill S, Todd N, Patel B, Mlangeni D, Stockley JM, Spencer R, Gardner J, Thwaites G, Kirby A, Hopkins S, Crook D, Llewellyn M, Price J, Scarborough M, Morris Jones S, Tilley R. Vancomycin MIC as a predictor of outcome in MRSA bacteraemia in the UK context. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2641-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Rhodes A, Tilley R, Barnes S, Boa F, Grounds RM, Collinson P, Bennett ED. A prospective study into the use of NT-proBNP measurements in critically ill patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/09563070410001703923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Redecha P, Tilley R, Tencati M, Salmon JE, Kirchhofer D, Mackman N, Girardi G. Tissue factor: a link between C5a and neutrophil activation in antiphospholipid antibody induced fetal injury. Blood 2007; 110:2423-31. [PMID: 17536017 PMCID: PMC1988945 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-01-070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal loss in patients with antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies has been ascribed to thrombosis of placental vessels. However, we have shown that inflammation, specifically activation of complement with generation of the anaphylotoxin C5a, is an essential trigger of fetal injury. In this study, we analyzed the role of the procoagulant molecule tissue factor (TF) in a mouse model of aPL antibody-induced pregnancy loss. We found that either blockade of TF with a monoclonal antibody in wild-type mice or a genetic reduction of TF prevented aPL antibody-induced inflammation and pregnancy loss. In response to aPL antibody-generated C5a, neutrophils express TF potentiating inflammation in the deciduas and leading to miscarriages. Importantly, we showed that TF in myeloid cells but not fetal-derived cells (trophoblasts) was associated with fetal injury, suggesting that the site for pathologic TF expression is neutrophils. We found that TF expression in neutrophils contributes to respiratory burst and subsequent trophoblast injury and pregnancy loss induced by aPL antibodies. The identification of TF as an important mediator of C5a-induced oxidative burst in neutrophils in aPL-induced fetal injury provides a new target for therapy to prevent pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Redecha
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
Meat quality is a term used to describe a range of attributes of meat. Consumer research suggests that tenderness is a very important element of eating quality and that variations in tenderness affect the decision to repurchase. The present paper highlights recent information on the factors that affect tenderness. While the precise aetiology is not fully understood, a number of factors have been shown to affect tenderness. Of these factors, postmortem factors, particularly temperature, sarcomere length and proteolysis, which affect the conversion of muscle to meat, appear most important. However, it is now becoming clear that variation in other factors such as the muscle fibre type composition and the buffering capacity of the muscle together with the breed and nutritional status of the animals may also contribute to the observed variation in meat tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maltin
- Muscle Biology Group, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
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10
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Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) plays an essential role in hemostasis. The tissue-specific pattern of TF expression is consistent with additional hemostatic protection in vital organs. An aberrant expression of TF within the vasculature occurs in a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and sepsis. TF expression in these diseases is associated with thrombotic events. Future therapeutic strategies may prove beneficial in the treatment of thrombosis. However, these strategies should be designed to avoid compromising hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tilley
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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11
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Quinlan GJ, Lamb NJ, Tilley R, Evans TW, Gutteridge JM. Plasma hypoxanthine levels in ARDS: implications for oxidative stress, morbidity, and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:479-84. [PMID: 9032182 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults (ARDS) carries a high mortality. Patients with ARDS experience severe oxidative stress from neutrophil activation, and from treatment with high inspired oxygen concentrations (F(I)O2). Oxidative stress arises from an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which overwhelm existing antioxidant defenses. Patients who do not survive ARDS sustain much greater levels of oxidative molecular damage, suggesting that they are less able to protect themselves against increased oxidative stress. We measured plasma levels of pro-oxidant substrates for xanthine oxidase, namely hypoxanthine and xanthine, and correlated them with the loss of plasma protein thiol groups. All patients with ARDS had higher levels of hypoxanthine (37.48 +/- 3.1 microM in nonsurvivors, 15.24 +/- 2.09 microM in survivors) compared with patients undergoing pulmonary resection (9.22 +/- 1.89 microM), patients in intensive care with sepsis but no lung injury (1.12 +/- 0.69 microM) and normal healthy control subjects (1.43 +/- 0.38 microM). The difference in plasma hypoxanthine levels between survivors and nonsurvivors of ARDS was highly significant (p < 0.001) and showed a negative correlation with loss of protein thiol groups. Xanthine levels were also higher in patients with ARDS but were not significantly different between ARDS survivors and nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors of ARDS appear to experience higher levels of oxidative stress and damage than do survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Quinlan
- Oxygen Chemistry Laboratory, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Hoffman AG, Burghardt RC, Tilley R, Auersperg N. An in vitro model of ovarian epithelial carcinogenesis: changes in cell-cell communication and adhesion occurring during neoplastic progression. Int J Cancer 1993; 54:828-38. [PMID: 8325708 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910540518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the cellular mechanisms of ovarian epithelial carcinogenesis, a series of progressively transformed rat ovarian surface epithelial (ROSE) cell lines were developed and studied. Transfection of primary ROSE cells and an immortalized ROSE line (ROSE 199) with the pSV3neo plasmid (SV40 T-antigen) yielded transformed lines which retained epithelial morphology. In vivo selection of these pSV3neo cell populations resulted in further phenotypic transformation. Transfection of ROSE 199 with pSV2neo/c-H-rasEJ (rasEJp21) resulted in a malignant line which appeared fibroblast-like and formed invasive sarcomas both in athymic mice and in immunocompetent rats. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and cell-cell adhesion were studied in this series of ROSE lines. Both c-H-rasEJ-transformation and in vivo selection resulted in a significant reduction of GJIC between adjoining cells and a transition of in vitro migration as continuous epithelial sheets to the dissociation of individual cells. This apparent shift in cell adhesiveness was associated with reduced expression of the E-cadherin adhesion molecule. Our data suggest that neoplastic progression of the ovarian surface epithelium may be associated with concomitant reductions in GJIC, E-cadherin expression and functional adhesiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Hoffman
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Srivastava V, Tilley R, Miller S, Hart R, Busbee D. Effects of aging and dietary restriction on DNA polymerases: gene expression, enzyme fidelity, and DNA excision repair. Exp Gerontol 1992; 27:593-613. [PMID: 1426092 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(92)90014-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic DNA polymerases isolated from young and old C57BL/6N mice fed ad libitum or calorically restricted differed in chromatographic characteristics, binding affinity for DNA template-primer, specific activity, and fidelity of synthesis. DNA polymerase alpha total and specific activity declined slightly, while the nucleotide misincorporation frequency increased dramatically, with increased age of the donor animals. A positive correlation was observed between polymerase alpha specific activity and the affinity of enzyme binding to activated DNA template-primer. Both the age-associated decline in enzyme activity and the decrease in fidelity of synthesis were modified by dietary restriction, with higher specific activity levels and lower misincorporation frequencies for DNA polymerases from dietarily restricted animals compared with ad libitum animals of all ages. Fidelity of both DNA polymerase alpha and beta increased following treatment with the phosphoinositide hydrolysis product inositol-1,4-bisphosphate. The data suggest that dietary restriction could play an important role in decreasing the age-associated decline in function of physiological systems sensitive to decreased or defective DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Srivastava
- Center for Molecular Aging, College of Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843
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Tilley R, Miller S, Srivastava V, Busbee D. Enhanced unscheduled DNA synthesis by secondary cultures of lung cells established from calorically restricted aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1992; 63:165-76. [PMID: 1602845 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(92)90062-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by two exposure levels of ultraviolet light (UV) or two concentrations of methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) was evaluated in secondary cultures of lung fibroblasts established from weanling, 11-month-old and 31-month-old female Fischer 344 rats fed ad libitum (AL) or calorically restricted (CR) diets. [3H]Thymidine incorporation as a function of UDS was highest for weanling-derived cells treated with either UV or MMS, declining consistently with increased age between cells from weanling, 11-month-old and 31-month-old animals. [3H]Thymidine incorporation as a function of UDS in cells from 11-month-old AL vs. CR rats differed only at the highest UV exposure level. In contrast, cells derived from 31-month-old CR rats exhibited UDS levels which were at least twice as high at each UV treatment level as UDS levels of cells derived from the same age AL rats. Cells from both old AL and old CR rats were shown to initiate DNA excision repair at about the same rate. Cells from CR rats, however, repaired DNA damage at an accelerated rate and completed excision repair while repair in cells from AL animals was slower and apparently did not proceed to completion. Data from this study indicate that cells from young and old AL and CR animals initiate excision repair, but demonstrate an age-related loss of UV- or MMS-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in cells derived from AL animals. Cells derived from CR animals did not exhibit that age-related loss of UDS activity; rather, they showed an enhanced UDS response to DNA damage and appeared to complete ligation as the final step in excision repair. The data suggest that caloric restriction of a cell donor animal not only delays the age-associated decrease in in vitro DNA excision repair capacity in cells from that animal, but may actually enhance repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tilley
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843
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15
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Tilley R. Managing the estate. Striking the right balance. Health Serv J 1991; 101:34-5. [PMID: 10114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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16
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Stein LS, Stoica G, Tilley R, Burghardt RC. Rat ovarian granulosa cell culture: a model system for the study of cell-cell communication during multistep transformation. Cancer Res 1991; 51:696-706. [PMID: 1845958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A spontaneously immortalized clonal granulosa cell line (SIGC) derived from primary rat ovarian granulosa cell cultures was developed as a model system to explore the process of transformation using an epithelial cell type. SIGC has an epithelial morphology and grows in culture without undergoing luteinization. The cell line is thought to represent an intermediate step in carcinogenesis because it seems to grow indefinitely in culture but does not form clones in soft agar or tumors in nude mice. Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis verified the constitutive expression of the recessive oncogene product p53 in the cell line, thereby suggesting a possible mechanism of immortalization. Ultrastructural studies indicated that SIGC cells are characterized by an undifferentiated phenotype with prominent intermediate filaments, desmosomes, and gap junctions. The identification of cytokeratin by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis suggests that SIGC functions as an epithelial cell type. Functional studies of cell-cell communication by a dye transfer technique (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) showed reduced communication compared to normal primary granulosa cells in culture. SIGC cells were transfected with early region genes of SV40 virus in an attempt to generate fully transformed cell lines. The resulting cell line SV-SIGC expressed T-antigen, was anchorage independent, formed tumors in nude mice, and had reduced intercellular communication as compared to SIGC cells. Explants from the tumors in nude mice were used to generate another cell line (T-SV-SIGC), which exhibited further reduction in both the incidence and the rate of communication. These results clearly demonstrated a progressive loss of functional communication during multistep transformation of an ovarian cell type. These data demonstrate that this assay system based on an epithelioid cell type can be used to study the relationship between intercellular communication and the multistep process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Stein
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Peng S, Tilley R, Srivastava V, Hart R, Busbee D. Mitogen-activation of spleen cells in aged animals is potentiated by dietary restriction: a preliminary report. Mech Ageing Dev 1990; 52:71-8. [PMID: 2314129 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(90)90145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction has been reported to be associated with increased life span and increased DNA repair capacity in both male and female rats and mice. We examined dietary restriction effects on immune system function and prolongation of life span in specific pathogen free rats and mice. In this preliminary report the authors show that dietary restriction is correlated with a dramatic increase in the lifespan of both male and female rats and mice in a pathogen free environment, and in the capacity of cultured splenocytes from those animals to initiate blastogenesis in response to antigenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Abstract
DNA polymerase alpha isozymes differing in specific activity and affinity of binding to DNA were purified from human fibroblasts derived from donors of different ages. Fetal-derived fibroblasts expressed a single, high-activity enzyme (A2), with high affinity of binding to DNA. Adult-derived fibroblasts exhibited two forms of DNA polymerase alpha, one identical to the fetal enzyme, and a second with about tenfold less activity showing low affinity of binding to DNA (A1). The ratio of DNA polymerase A2/A1 decreased dramatically with age, from 100% A2 in fetal-derived fibroblasts to about 94% A1 in fibroblasts derived from a 66-year-old donor. The DNA binding affinity of polymerase alpha A1 from adult-derived fibroblasts increased concomitant with a significant increase in activity when the enzyme was treated with phosphatidylinositol-4-monophosphate (PIP), or with inositol-1, 4-bisphosphate (I(1,4)P2). The enzyme reverted back to a less active form, with loss of the noncovalently bound I(1,4)P2, as a function of time. When permeabilized human fibroblasts with low DNA excision repair capacity were treated with 7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxybenzo(a)-pyrene (BPDE) in the presence of 32P-ATP, phosphatidylinositol, and cycloheximide, excision repair was initiated and 32P-labeled DNA polymerase alpha was recovered in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. DNA synthesis associated with either scheduled DNA synthesis or BPDE-initiated excision repair declined as a function of increased age in human cells. The data suggest that the decline in both DNA excision repair-associated and mitogen-activated DNA synthesis may be correlated with decreased total intracellular levels of DNA polymerase and with the decline in polymerase alpha activity as a function of age, that DNA repair-associated initiation of DNA synthesis in adult-derived cells may increase with activation of a pool of low activity DNA polymerase alpha, and that DNA polymerase alpha activity increases as a function of enzyme interaction with a component of the PI phosphorylation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Busbee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Greaves MF, Verbi W, Tilley R, Lister TA, Habeshaw J, Guo HG, Trainor CD, Robert-Guroff M, Blattner W, Reitz M. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) in the United Kingdom. Int J Cancer 1984; 33:795-806. [PMID: 6329969 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910330614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten out of 26 leukaemic patients who had emigrated from the Caribbean region to the United Kingdom had adult T-cell leukaemia with associated serum antibodies to HTLV I. Antibodies to HTLV were also detected in sera from a small proportion of non-leukaemic Caribbean immigrants but not in any sera from other (non-ATL) T-cell leukaemias or a variety of control groups. The long period between immigration to the UK and diagnosis of leukaemia (up to 30 years) suggests that an extensive latent period in disease development may exist. Cell lines were isolated from two patients with HTLV antibody-positive ATL and were shown to be virus-positive by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence using antibodies to the p19 and p24 viral proteins. HTLV1 provirus integration and active transcription were demonstrated by Southern blotting of DNA and in situ hybridization respectively using molecularly cloned HTLV1 probes. Virus from one of these cell lines could be transmitted to normal T cells by co-cultivation.
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Tilley R, Nair CN. Decreased 3H-uridine incorporation and increased 3H-adenosine incorporation by HeLa cells exposed to autologous culture fluid. J Cell Physiol 1975; 86:359-68. [PMID: 1194372 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040860408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Actively growing HeLa monolayer cultures briefly exposed to the culture fluids (CF) from confluent HeLa cultures and labeled simultaneously or subsequently, incorporated less 3H-uridine (3H-UR) but more 3H-adenosine (3H-AR) than control cultures similarly exposed to fresh medium and labeled. Exposure to CF inhibited the uptake as well as the incorporation of 3H-UR by cultures. The inhibition of 3H-UR incorporation by CF-exposed cultures could be reduced by increasing the concentration of 3H-UR in the labeling medium. Both the inhibition of 3H-UR incorporation and the stimulation of 3H-AR incorporation were prevented by washing the CF-treated cultures with phosphate buffered saline before labeling. Similarly, both effects could be producted in HeLa cultures exposed to fresh medium containing 1 X 10(-5) M uridine instead of to CF. Therefore, the observed effects of CF on label incorporation were probably due to the presence of uridine or a related compound, and the inhibition of 3H-UR incorporation resulted from reduced uptake of 3H-UR rather than from reduced RNA synthesis by exposed cells. The active agent in the CF, formed only when cultures were incubated at physiological temperatures, was not a product of medium decay. It was a cellular product formed equally well by cultures incubated in medium containing dialysed or whole serum.
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Tilley R. Congenital Paralysis of the Oculo-Motor of Both Sides. Chic Med J Exam 1885; 51:305-311. [PMID: 37618493 PMCID: PMC9876186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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Tilley R. Paris Letters. Chic Med J Exam 1882; 45:263-270. [PMID: 37617906 PMCID: PMC9853705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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Tilley R. Hernia Reduced by Elastic Bandage. Chic Med J Exam 1879; 39:279-280. [PMID: 37617486 PMCID: PMC9842359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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Tilley R. Battery Hint. Chic Med J Exam 1879; 38:519-520. [PMID: 37616819 PMCID: PMC9817583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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