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Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Durham EL, Archer C, Moore TM, Berhe F, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Gray matter volume associations in youth with ADHD features of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26589. [PMID: 38530121 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has shown smaller cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, neuroimaging studies often do not differentiate between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, which are distinct core features of ADHD. The present study uses an approach to disentangle overlapping variance to examine the neurostructural heterogeneity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. METHODS We analyzed data from 10,692 9- to 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to derive factors representing inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive traits. We employed structural equation modeling to examine these factors' associations with gray matter volume while controlling for the shared variance between factors. RESULTS Greater endorsement of inattentive traits was associated with smaller bilateral caudal anterior cingulate and left parahippocampal volumes. Greater endorsement of hyperactivity/impulsivity traits was associated with smaller bilateral caudate and left parahippocampal volumes. The results were similar when accounting for socioeconomic status, medication, and in-scanner motion. The magnitude of these findings increased when accounting for overall volume and intracranial volume, supporting a focal effect in our results. CONCLUSIONS Inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity traits show common volume deficits in regions associated with visuospatial processing and memory while at the same time showing dissociable differences, with inattention showing differences in areas associated with attention and emotion regulation and hyperactivity/impulsivity associated with volume differences in motor activity regions. Uncovering such biological underpinnings within the broader disorder of ADHD allows us to refine our understanding of ADHD presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - E Leighton Durham
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Camille Archer
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fanual Berhe
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Randolph M Dupont
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Lahey BB, Durham EL, Brislin SJ, Barr PB, Dick DM, Moore TM, Pierce BL, Tong L, Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Mapping potential pathways from polygenic liability through brain structure to psychological problems across the transition to adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38185921 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a polygenic score for externalizing behavior (extPGS) and structural MRI to examine potential pathways from genetic liability to conduct problems via the brain across the adolescent transition. METHODS Three annual assessments of child conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, and internalizing problems were conducted across across 9-13 years of age among 4,475 children of European ancestry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). RESULTS The extPGS predicted conduct problems in each wave (R2 = 2.0%-2.9%). Bifactor models revealed that the extPRS predicted variance specific to conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%), but also variance that conduct problems shared with other measured problems (R2 = .8%-1.4%). Longitudinally, extPGS predicted levels of specific conduct problems (R2 = 2.0%), but not their slope of change across age. The extPGS was associated with total gray matter volume (TGMV; R2 = .4%) and lower TGMV predicted both specific conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%) and the variance common to all problems in each wave (R2 = 1.6%-3.1%). A modest proportion of the polygenic liability specific to conduct problems in each wave was statistically mediated by TGMV. CONCLUSIONS Across the adolescent transition, the extPGS predicted both variance specific to conduct problems and variance shared by all measured problems. The extPGS also was associated with TGMV, which robustly predicted conduct problems. Statistical mediation analyses suggested the hypothesis that polygenic variation influences individual differences in brain development that are related to the likelihood of conduct problems during the adolescent transition, justifying new research to test this causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter B Barr
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Tong
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Durham EL, Ghanem K, Stier AJ, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Dupont RM, Dong X, Moore TM, Berman MG, Lahey BB, Bzdok D, Kaczkurkin AN. Multivariate analytical approaches for investigating brain-behavior relationships. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1175690. [PMID: 37583413 PMCID: PMC10423877 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1175690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies of brain-behavior relationships rely on univariate approaches where each variable of interest is tested independently, which does not allow for the simultaneous investigation of multiple correlated variables. Alternatively, multivariate approaches allow for examining relationships between psychopathology and neural substrates simultaneously. There are multiple multivariate methods to choose from that each have assumptions which can affect the results; however, many studies employ one method without a clear justification for its selection. Additionally, there are few studies illustrating how differences between methods manifest in examining brain-behavior relationships. The purpose of this study was to exemplify how the choice of multivariate approach can change brain-behavior interpretations. Method We used data from 9,027 9- to 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®) to examine brain-behavior relationships with three commonly used multivariate approaches: canonical correlation analysis (CCA), partial least squares correlation (PLSC), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). We examined the associations between psychopathology dimensions including general psychopathology, attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, conduct problems, and internalizing symptoms with regional brain volumes. Results The results of CCA, PLSC, and PLSR showed both consistencies and differences in the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and brain structure. The leading significant component yielded by each method demonstrated similar patterns of associations between regional brain volumes and psychopathology symptoms. However, the additional significant components yielded by each method demonstrated differential brain-behavior patterns that were not consistent across methods. Conclusion Here we show that CCA, PLSC, and PLSR yield slightly different interpretations regarding the relationship between child psychopathology and brain volume. In demonstrating the divergence between these approaches, we exemplify the importance of carefully considering the method's underlying assumptions when choosing a multivariate approach to delineate brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Leighton Durham
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Karam Ghanem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Stier
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Randolph M. Dupont
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marc G. Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- The University of Chicago Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Lahey
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Reimann GE, Stier AJ, Moore TM, Durham EL, Jeong HJ, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Dupont RM, Pines JR, Berman MG, Lahey BB, Kaczkurkin AN. Atypical Functional Network Properties and Associated Dimensions of Child Psychopathology During Rest and Task Performance. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:541-549. [PMID: 37519454 PMCID: PMC10382736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When brain networks deviate from typical development, this is thought to contribute to varying forms of psychopathology. However, research has been limited by the reliance on discrete diagnostic categories that overlook the potential for psychological comorbidity and the dimensional nature of symptoms. Methods This study examined the topology of functional networks in association with 4 bifactor-defined psychopathology dimensions-general psychopathology, internalizing symptoms, conduct problems, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms-via the Child Behavior Checklist in a sample of 3568 children from the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study. Local and global graph theory metrics were calculated at rest and during tasks of reward processing, inhibition, and working memory. Results Greater attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms were associated with reduced modularity across rest and tasks as well as reduced local efficiency in motor networks at rest. Results survived sensitivity analyses for medication and socioeconomic status. Greater conduct problem symptoms were associated with reduced modularity on working memory and reward processing tasks; however, these results did not persist after sensitivity analyses. General psychopathology and internalizing symptoms showed no significant network associations. Conclusions Our findings suggest reduced efficiency in topology in those with greater attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms across 4 critical cognitive states, with conduct problems also showing network deficits, although less consistently. This may suggest that modularity deficits are a neurobiological marker of externalizing behavior in children. Such specificity has not been demonstrated before using graph theory metrics and has the potential to redefine our understanding of network deficits in children with psychopathology symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Stier
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Julia R. Pines
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marc G. Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Chicago Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin B. Lahey
- Departments of Health Studies and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Jeong HJ, Moore TM, Durham EL, Reimann GE, Dupont RM, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Berman MG, Lahey BB, Kaczkurkin AN. General and Specific Factors of Environmental Stress and Their Associations With Brain Structure and Dimensions of Psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:480-489. [PMID: 37519461 PMCID: PMC10382692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-life stressors can adversely affect the developing brain. While hierarchical modeling has established the existence of a general factor of psychopathology, no studies have modeled a general factor of environmental stress and related this factor to brain development. Using a large sample of children from the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study, the current study aimed to identify general and specific factors of environmental stress and test their associations with brain structure and psychopathology. Methods In a sample of 11,878 children, bifactor modeling and higher-order (second-order) modeling identified general and specific factors of environmental stress: family dynamics, interpersonal support, neighborhood socioeconomic status deprivation, and urbanicity. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine associations between these factors and regional gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness as well as general and specific factors of psychopathology. Results The general environmental stress factor was associated with globally smaller cortical and subcortical GMV as well as thinner cortices across widespread regions. Family dynamics and neighborhood socioeconomic status deprivation were associated with smaller GMV in focal regions. Urbanicity was associated with larger cortical and subcortical GMV and thicker cortices in frontotemporal regions. The environmental factors were associated with psychopathology in the expected directions. The general factors of environmental stress and psychopathology were both predictors of smaller GMV in children, while remaining distinct from each other. Conclusions This study reveals a unifying model of environmental influences that illustrates the inherent organization of environmental stressors and their relationship to brain structure and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc G. Berman
- Departments of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin B. Lahey
- Health Studies, Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Jeong HJ, Durham EL, Moore TM, Dupont RM, McDowell M, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Micciche ET, Berman MG, Lahey BB, Kaczkurkin AN. The association between latent trauma and brain structure in children. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:240. [PMID: 33895776 PMCID: PMC8068725 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing brain is marked by high plasticity, which can lead to vulnerability to early life stressors. Previous studies indicate that childhood maltreatment is associated with structural aberrations across a number of brain regions. However, prior work is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous age groups, the examination of one structure in isolation, the confounding of different types of early life stressors, and not accounting for socioeconomic status. These limitations may contribute to high variability across studies. The present study aimed to investigate how trauma is specifically associated with cortical thickness and gray matter volume (GMV) differences by leveraging a large sample of children (N = 9270) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). A latent measure of trauma exposure was derived from DSM-5 traumatic events, and we related this measure of trauma to the brain using structural equation modeling. Trauma exposure was associated with thinner cortices in the bilateral superior frontal gyri and right caudal middle frontal gyrus (pfdr-values < .001) as well as thicker cortices in the left isthmus cingulate and posterior cingulate (pfdr-values ≤ .027), after controlling age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, trauma exposure was associated with smaller GMV in the right amygdala and right putamen (pfdr-values ≤ .048). Sensitivity analyses that controlled for income and parental education were largely consistent with the main findings for cortical thickness. These results suggest that trauma may be an important risk factor for structural aberrations, specifically for cortical thickness differences in frontal and cingulate regions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Jeong
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - E. Leighton Durham
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Randolph M. Dupont
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Malerie McDowell
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emily T. Micciche
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Marc G. Berman
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822The Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Benjamin B. Lahey
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Departments of Health Studies and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Antonia N. Kaczkurkin
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
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Moore TM, Kaczkurkin AN, Durham EL, Jeong HJ, McDowell MG, Dupont RM, Applegate B, Tackett JL, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Kardan O, Akcelik GN, Stier AJ, Rosenberg MD, Hedeker D, Berman MG, Lahey BB. Correction to Moore et al. (2020). J Abnorm Psychol 2020; 129:759. [PMID: 33001697 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reports an error in "Criterion validity and relationships between alternative hierarchical dimensional models of general and specific psychopathology" by Tyler M. Moore, Antonia N. Kaczkurkin, E. Leighton Durham, Hee Jung Jeong, Malerie G. McDowell, Randolph M. Dupont, Brooks Applegate, Jennifer L. Tackett, Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez, Omid Kardan, Gaby N. Akcelik, Andrew J. Stier, Monica D. Rosenberg, Donald Hedeker, Marc G. Berman and Benjamin B. Lahey (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Jul 16, 2020, np). In the article (http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000601), an acknowledgment is missing from the author note. The missing acknowledgement is included in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-50590-001.) Psychopathology can be viewed as a hierarchy of correlated dimensions. Many studies have supported this conceptualization, but they have used alternative statistical models with differing interpretations. In bifactor models, every symptom loads on both the general factor and 1 specific factor (e.g., internalizing), which partitions the total explained variance in each symptom between these orthogonal factors. In second-order models, symptoms load on one of several correlated lower-order factors. These lower-order factors load on a second-order general factor, which is defined by the variance shared by the lower-order factors. Thus, the factors in second-order models are not orthogonal. Choosing between these valid statistical models depends on the hypothesis being tested. Because bifactor models define orthogonal phenotypes with distinct sources of variance, they are optimal for studies of shared and unique associations of the dimensions of psychopathology with external variables putatively relevant to etiology and mechanisms. Concerns have been raised, however, about the reliability of the orthogonal specific factors in bifactor models. We evaluated this concern using parent symptom ratings of 9-10 year olds in the ABCD Study. Psychometric indices indicated that all factors in both bifactor and second-order models exhibited at least adequate construct reliability and estimated replicability. The factors defined in bifactor and second-order models were highly to moderately correlated across models, but have different interpretations. All factors in both models demonstrated significant associations with external criterion variables of theoretical and clinical importance, but the interpretation of such associations in second-order models was ambiguous due to shared variance among factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University
| | | | | | - Omid Kardan
- Departments of Psychology and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago
| | - Gaby N Akcelik
- Departments of Psychology and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago
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Moore TM, Kaczkurkin AN, Durham EL, Jeong HJ, McDowell MG, Dupont RM, Applegate B, Tackett JL, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Kardan O, Akcelik GN, Stier AJ, Rosenberg MD, Hedeker D, Berman MG, Lahey BB. Criterion validity and relationships between alternative hierarchical dimensional models of general and specific psychopathology. J Abnorm Psychol 2020; 129:677-688. [PMID: 32672986 PMCID: PMC7541771 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 129(7) of Journal of Abnormal Psychology (see record 2020-72912-001). In the article (http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000601), an acknowledgment is missing from the author note. The missing acknowledgement is included in the erratum.] Psychopathology can be viewed as a hierarchy of correlated dimensions. Many studies have supported this conceptualization, but they have used alternative statistical models with differing interpretations. In bifactor models, every symptom loads on both the general factor and 1 specific factor (e.g., internalizing), which partitions the total explained variance in each symptom between these orthogonal factors. In second-order models, symptoms load on one of several correlated lower-order factors. These lower-order factors load on a second-order general factor, which is defined by the variance shared by the lower-order factors. Thus, the factors in second-order models are not orthogonal. Choosing between these valid statistical models depends on the hypothesis being tested. Because bifactor models define orthogonal phenotypes with distinct sources of variance, they are optimal for studies of shared and unique associations of the dimensions of psychopathology with external variables putatively relevant to etiology and mechanisms. Concerns have been raised, however, about the reliability of the orthogonal specific factors in bifactor models. We evaluated this concern using parent symptom ratings of 9-10 year olds in the ABCD Study. Psychometric indices indicated that all factors in both bifactor and second-order models exhibited at least adequate construct reliability and estimated replicability. The factors defined in bifactor and second-order models were highly to moderately correlated across models, but have different interpretations. All factors in both models demonstrated significant associations with external criterion variables of theoretical and clinical importance, but the interpretation of such associations in second-order models was ambiguous due to shared variance among factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brooks Applegate
- Department of Educational Leadership, Research and Technology, Western Michigan University
| | | | | | - Omid Kardan
- Departments of Psychology and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago
| | - Gaby N Akcelik
- Departments of Psychology and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago
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Alhassoon OM, Dupont RM, Schweinsburg BC, Taylor MJ, Patterson TL, Grant I. Regional cerebral blood flow in cocaine- versus methamphetamine-dependent patients with a history of alcoholism. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 4:105-12. [PMID: 11466158 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145701002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2000] [Revised: 12/31/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abuse of cocaine or methamphetamine usually takes place in the context of heavy drinking, there is little information on the effects of such substance use comorbidity on brain perfusion. We explored similarities and differences in the effects of these two drugs in combination with alcohol on brain function using SPECT. Global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined in 7 abstinent cocaine-dependent alcoholics (CDA; mean age = 39.2 yr, S.D. = 9.2 yr), 7 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent alcoholics (MDA; mean age = 36.8 yr, S.D. = 5.0 yr), and 7 non-alcoholic/non-stimulant abusing controls (NAC; mean age = 37.3 yr, S.D. = 9.6 yr). MDA had significantly lower global CBF than CDA who, in turn, were significantly lower than NAC. In addition, CDA had abnormal perfusion in the superior posterior frontal region compared to NAC; while MDA did not display specific regional deficits. Therefore, it appears that cocaine alters the relationship between global and regional CBF in alcoholics, while methamphetamine does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Alhassoon
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, California 92161, USA
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Rourke SB, Dupont RM, Grant I, Lehr PP, Lamoureux G, Halpern S, Yeung DW. Reduction in cortical IMP-SPET tracer uptake with recent cigarette consumption in a young group of healthy males. San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Eur J Nucl Med 1997; 24:422-7. [PMID: 9096094 DOI: 10.1007/bf00881815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional brain imaging techniques are being used increasingly to infer disturbances in brain function in various neuropsychiatric disorders, but the specificity of such findings is not always clear. We retrospectively examined the effects of one possible confound - cigarette smoking - on cortical uptake of iodine-123 iodoamphetamine (IMP) using single-photon emission tomographic imaging in a young (mean age=35 years) healthy group of male controls divided according to their smoking history. Subjects who had never smoked (n=17), or those with a history of smoking but no recent smoking (n=8), had equivalent and significantly higher mean cortical uptake of IMP than subjects with a history of smoking and who were current smokers (n=8). There were no differences in the cortical distribution of IMP. Our results indicate that cigarette smoking has an acute effect on global cerebral blood flow. This potential confound must be considered before abnormalities in cortical tracer uptake are attributed to some neuropsychiatric disorder of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Rourke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
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Dupont RM, Rourke SB, Grant I, Lehr PP, Reed RJ, Challakere K, Lamoureux G, Halpern S. Single photon emission computed tomography with iodoamphetamine-123 and neuropsychological studies in long-term abstinent alcoholics. Psychiatry Res 1996; 67:99-111. [PMID: 8876010 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4927(96)02769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten long-term abstinent alcoholics (mean abstinence = 7.7 years) were compared with 13 recently detoxified substance-dependent inpatients (mean abstinence = 25 days) and 8 nonalcoholic control subjects on global end regional measures of cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), and on neuropsychological measures. CBF was assessed using 123iodoamphetamine (IMP) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) under conditions of behavioral challenge (Raven's Progressive Matrices). CBF and neuropsychological test performance were worse in the recently detoxified inpatients. Of greater interest, there was a dissociation in the long-term abstinent group, which, while neuropsychologically indistinguishable from controls, showed significantly decreased mean cortical IMP uptake. We conclude that there may be persistent physiologic abnormalities in long-term abstinent alcoholics who have achieved full behavioral recovery. Smoking on the day of SPECT scanning was also identified to be a significant confound to understanding CBF changes in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dupont
- Psychiatry Service, San Diego VA Medical Center, CA 92161, USA
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Dupont RM, Butters N, Schafer K, Wilson T, Hesselink J, Gillin JC. Diagnostic specificity of focal white matter abnormalities in bipolar and unipolar mood disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38:482-6. [PMID: 8672610 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00100-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Dupont
- Psychiatry Department, University of California School of Medicine at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Dupont RM, Jernigan TL, Heindel W, Butters N, Shafer K, Wilson T, Hesselink J, Gillin JC. Magnetic resonance imaging and mood disorders. Localization of white matter and other subcortical abnormalities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:747-55. [PMID: 7654126 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950210041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports in the literature document an association between focal white matter abnormalities in bipolar as well as unipolar mood disorder. The importance of this finding and other associated anatomic differences is uncertain. METHODS We examined the volume of abnormal white matter and other brain volumes using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis. We explored the relationship of these variables with diagnosis, cognitive function, and clinical variables in 36 patients with bipolar disorder, 30 patients with unipolar disorder, and 26 control subjects who were free from significant medical and neurologic illness. RESULTS Younger patients with bipolar disorder (but not similarly aged patients with unipolar disorder or controls) have an increased volume of abnormal white matter. Data also indicate that the total volume of abnormal white matter may be associated with increased cognitive impairment, increased rate of psychiatric illness in the family, and onset after adolescence. CONCLUSION Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate a pattern of subcortical brain morphologic abnormalities and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dupont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California School of Medicine at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Abstract
We compared global and regional cerebral blood flow in 11 schizophrenic patients and 11 normal comparison subjects, all over the age of 45 years. The schizophrenic patients had lower global cortical uptake than the control subjects. Among the individual regions of interest, the schizophrenic patients had significant decrements in the left posterior frontal region and in the bilateral inferior temporal regions. The uptake did not correlate with age of onset or duration of schizophrenia, current daily neuroleptic dose, severity of psychopathology, or global cognitive impairment.
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Massman PJ, Delis DC, Butters N, Dupont RM, Gillin JC. The subcortical dysfunction hypothesis of memory deficits in depression: neuropsychological validation in a subgroup of patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992; 14:687-706. [PMID: 1474139 DOI: 10.1080/01688639208402856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The subcortical dysfunction hypothesis of verbal learning and memory deficits in depression was evaluated by comparing the memory test profiles of unipolar depressives (n = 40) and bipolar depressives (n = 9) with those of patients with a prototypical subcortical dementia (Huntington's disease, HD), patients with a prototypical cortical dementia (Alzheimer's disease, AD), and normal controls. In a discriminant function analysis that well-differentiated the HD, AD, and normal subjects, it was found that 28.6% of the depressed patients were classified as HD patients (DEP-HD subjects), 49.0% were classified as normals (DEP-N subjects), none were classified as AD patients, and 22.4% were not well-classified. The DEP-HD group closely resembled the HD group on additional indices of verbal learning and memory, and differed from the DEP-N group, which strongly resembled the normal control group. DEP-N patients also performed significantly better than DEP-HD patients on a number of other neuropsychological tests (e.g., WAIS-R Digit Symbol, category fluency, Trail Making Test Part B). The findings provide support for the subcortical dysfunction hypothesis, but only for a subgroup of depressed patients. Implications for differentiating depressive "pseudodementia" from AD are discussed.
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Gillin JC, Sutton L, Ruiz C, Kelsoe J, Dupont RM, Darko D, Risch SC, Golshan S, Janowsky D. The cholinergic rapid eye movement induction test with arecoline in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:264-70. [PMID: 1996921 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270076011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic rapid eye movement (REM) induction test using arecoline hydrobromide, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist, was studied in patients with affective disorder and in normal controls to determine whether or not depression is associated with enhanced induction of REM sleep by muscarinic agonists. Arecoline induced REM sleep in a dose-dependent fashion in both patients and controls compared with placebo infusions. Compared with normal controls, patients entered REM sleep significantly more rapidly following intravenous administration of 1.0 mg of arecoline hydrobromide than they did following administration of 0.5 mg of arecoline hydrobromide or placebo. These results, as well as those of previous studies, support the hypothesis that patients with affective disorder show a functional supersensitive induction of REM sleep in response to muscarinic receptor agonists and may be consistent with the hypothesis that functional muscarinic receptor "up regulation" is associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gillin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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Lamoureux G, Dupont RM, Ashburn WL, Halpern SE. "CORT-EX:" a program for quantitative analysis of brain SPECT data. J Nucl Med 1990; 31:1862-71. [PMID: 2231003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A program was developed to extract from brain SPECT data global as well as regional concentrations of a radiopharmaceutical while allowing for improved subjective evaluation of its distribution. This program was used to process the data obtained from 17 normal subjects, 20 min, 2 hr, and 4 hr after the injection of iodine-labeled iodoamphetamines. The mean absolute cortical uptake at these three time periods was 0.921 (+/- 0.185), 0.803 (+/- 0.107), and 0.748 (+/- 0.103) in arbitrary units (+/- s.d.), respectively. The regional distribution of the tracer became more uniform with time due to an uneven washout rate. The cerebellum was noted to have a very high variability in its uptake and a high washout rate, making it unsuitable as an internal standard for relative quantification. Finally, a repeat study was performed on 10 subjects. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the mean uptake of the group at 2 and 4 hr, however the difference observed in the 20 min uptake values was significant at the p = 0.05 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lamoureux
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Dupont RM, Jernigan TL, Butters N, Delis D, Hesselink JR, Heindel W, Gillin JC. Subcortical abnormalities detected in bipolar affective disorder using magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and neuropsychological significance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:55-9. [PMID: 2294856 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810130057008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to determine the nature and rate of subcortical abnormalities in bipolar affective disorder. Nine of 19 bipolar patients and no controls demonstrated subcortical signal hyperintensities on blind evaluation of the images. There was no apparent change in the appearance of the hyperintensities in 7 of 7 subjects with abnormal magnetic resonance images who underwent repeated imaging at 1 year. Bipolar patients with abnormalities had a history of more hospitalizations and appeared more impaired on tests of fluency and recall when compared with bipolar patients without abnormalities or with controls. The possible etiology and significance of signal hyperintensities in bipolar affective disorder is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dupont
- San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, CA
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Buchsbaum MS, Gillin JC, Wu J, Hazlett E, Sicotte N, Dupont RM, Bunney WE. Regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate in human sleep assessed by positron emission tomography. Life Sci 1989; 45:1349-56. [PMID: 2796606 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral metabolic rate of glucose was measured during nighttime sleep in 36 normal volunteers using positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxyglucose (FDG). In comparison to waking controls, subjects given FDG during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (primarily stages 2 and 3) showed about a 23% reduction in metabolic rate across the entire brain. This decrease was greater for the frontal than temporal or occipital lobes, and greater for basal ganglia and thalamus than cortex. Subjects in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep tended to have higher cortical metabolic rates than waking subjects. The cingulate gyrus was the only cortical structure to show a significant increase in glucose metabolic rate in REM sleep in comparison to waking. The basal ganglia were relatively more active on the right in REM sleep and symmetrical in NREM sleep.
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Dupont RM, Cullum CM, Jeste DV. Poststroke depression and psychosis. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1988; 11:133-49. [PMID: 3288977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is capable of producing a varied spectrum of neurobehavioral syndromes that may come to the attention of the mental health professional evaluating psychiatric symptoms in elderly individuals. The neurobehavioral effects may include affective or psychotic symptoms and may occur immediately after the stroke or months to years later. The presence of underlying (or pre-existing) brain disease may have an adverse effect on the resolution of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although there are no treatment response studies in the area of psychosis following stroke, the response of poststroke depression to antidepressants makes attempted pharmacologic treatment of symptoms justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dupont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
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Arana GW, Dupont RM, Clawson LD. Is there clinical evidence that lithium toxicity can induce myocarditis? J Clin Psychopharmacol 1984; 4:364-5. [PMID: 6512011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Dupont RM. [The large ceramo-metallic restorations]. Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) 1969; 23:85-122. [PMID: 5776663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dupont RM, Pairault J. [A new technique for the rational sealing of dowel teeth]. Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) 1967; 77:77-85. [PMID: 6020973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dupont RM. [Major ceramo-metallic reconstructions]. Rev Fr Odontostomatol 1966; 13:871-87. [PMID: 5334056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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