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Ay H, Arsava EM, Andsberg G, Benner T, Brown RD, Chapman SN, Cole JW, Delavaran H, Dichgans M, Engström G, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Grewal RP, Gwinn K, Jern C, Jimenez-Conde J, Jood K, Katsnelson M, Kissela B, Kittner SJ, Kleindorfer DO, Labovitz DL, Lanfranconi S, Lee JM, Lehm M, Lemmens R, Levi C, Li L, Lindgren A, Markus HS, McArdle PF, Melander O, Norrving B, Peddareddygari LR, Pedersén A, Pera J, Rannikmäe K, Rexrode KM, Rhodes D, Rich SS, Roquer J, Rosand J, Rothwell PM, Rundek T, Sacco RL, Schmidt R, Schürks M, Seiler S, Sharma P, Slowik A, Sudlow C, Thijs V, Woodfield R, Worrall BB, Meschia JF. Pathogenic ischemic stroke phenotypes in the NINDS-stroke genetics network. Stroke 2014; 45:3589-96. [PMID: 25378430 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.007362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)-SiGN (Stroke Genetics Network) is an international consortium of ischemic stroke studies that aims to generate high-quality phenotype data to identify the genetic basis of pathogenic stroke subtypes. This analysis characterizes the etiopathogenetic basis of ischemic stroke and reliability of stroke classification in the consortium. METHODS Fifty-two trained and certified adjudicators determined both phenotypic (abnormal test findings categorized in major pathogenic groups without weighting toward the most likely cause) and causative ischemic stroke subtypes in 16 954 subjects with imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke from 12 US studies and 11 studies from 8 European countries using the web-based Causative Classification of Stroke System. Classification reliability was assessed with blinded readjudication of 1509 randomly selected cases. RESULTS The distribution of pathogenic categories varied by study, age, sex, and race (P<0.001 for each). Overall, only 40% to 54% of cases with a given major ischemic stroke pathogenesis (phenotypic subtype) were classified into the same final causative category with high confidence. There was good agreement for both causative (κ 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.75) and phenotypic classifications (κ 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.75). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that pathogenic subtypes can be determined with good reliability in studies that include investigators with different expertise and background, institutions with different stroke evaluation protocols and geographic location, and patient populations with different epidemiological characteristics. The discordance between phenotypic and causative stroke subtypes highlights the fact that the presence of an abnormality in a patient with stroke does not necessarily mean that it is the cause of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ay
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Ethem Murat Arsava
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Gunnar Andsberg
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Thomas Benner
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Robert D Brown
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Sherita N Chapman
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - John W Cole
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Hossein Delavaran
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Martin Dichgans
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Gunnar Engström
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Eva Giralt-Steinhauer
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Raji P Grewal
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Katrina Gwinn
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Christina Jern
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Katarina Jood
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Michael Katsnelson
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Brett Kissela
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Steven J Kittner
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Dawn O Kleindorfer
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Daniel L Labovitz
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Silvia Lanfranconi
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Manuel Lehm
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Robin Lemmens
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Chris Levi
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Linxin Li
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Arne Lindgren
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Hugh S Markus
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Patrick F McArdle
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Olle Melander
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Bo Norrving
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Leema Reddy Peddareddygari
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Annie Pedersén
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Joanna Pera
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Kristiina Rannikmäe
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - David Rhodes
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Stephen S Rich
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Jaume Roquer
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Markus Schürks
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Stephan Seiler
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Vincent Thijs
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Rebecca Woodfield
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
| | - James F Meschia
- From the Department of Radiology, AA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (H.A., E.M.A., T.B.), Stroke Service, Department of Neurology (H.A., J.R.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden (G.A., H.D., A.L., O.M., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN (R.D.B.); Department of Neurology (S.N.C., B.B.W.), Center for Public Health Genomics (S.S.R.), and Department of Public Health Sciences (B.B.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (J.W.C., S.J.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine (P.F.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany (M.D., M.L.); Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (G.E., B.N.); Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona/DCEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain (E.G.-S., J.J.-C., J.R.); Neuroscience Institute, Saint Francis Medical Center, Trenton, NJ (R.P.G., L.R.P.); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (K.G.); Institute of Biomedicine (C.J., A.P.) and Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (K.J.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (M.K., T.R., R.L.S.); Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (B.K., D.O.K.); Department of Neurology, Stern Stroke Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (D.L.L.); Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Policlinico Hospital Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S.L.); Department of Neurology, Washington U
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