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Šmid A, Štajdohar M, Milek M, Urbančič D, Karas Kuželički N, Tamm R, Metspalu A, Mlinarič-Raščan I. Transcriptome analysis reveals involvement of thiopurine S-methyltransferase in oxidation-reduction processes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106616. [PMID: 37865284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an important enzyme involved in the deactivation of thiopurines and represents a major determinant of thiopurine-related toxicities. Despite its well-known importance in thiopurine metabolism, the understanding of its endogenous role is lacking. In the present study, we aimed to gain insight into the molecular processes involving TPMT by applying a data fusion approach to analyze whole-genome expression data. The RNA profiling was done on whole blood samples from 1017 adult male and female donors to the Estonian biobank using Illumina HTv3 arrays. Our results suggest that TPMT is closely related to genes involved in oxidoreductive processes. The in vitro experiments on different cell models confirmed that TPMT influences redox capacity of the cell by altering S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) consumption and consequently glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Furthermore, by comparing gene networks of subgroups of individuals, we identified genes, which could have a role in regulating TPMT activity. The biological relevance of identified genes and pathways will have to be further evaluated in molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Šmid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Miha Milek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charite, Germany
| | - Dunja Urbančič
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Karas Kuželički
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Riin Tamm
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia; Youth and Talent Policy Department, Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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2
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Salumets A, Tserel L, Rumm AP, Türk L, Kingo K, Saks K, Oras A, Uibo R, Tamm R, Peterson H, Kisand K, Peterson P. Epigenetic quantification of immunosenescent CD8 + TEMRA cells in human blood. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13607. [PMID: 35397197 PMCID: PMC9124311 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‐related changes in human T‐cell populations are important contributors to immunosenescence. In particular, terminally differentiated CD8+ effector memory CD45RA+ TEMRA cells and their subsets have characteristics of cellular senescence, accumulate in older individuals, and are increased in age‐related chronic inflammatory diseases. In a detailed T‐cell profiling among individuals over 65 years of age, we found a high interindividual variation among CD8+ TEMRA populations. CD8+ TEMRA proportions correlated positively with cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody levels, however, not with the chronological age. In the analysis of over 90 inflammation proteins, we identified plasma TRANCE/RANKL levels to associate with several differentiated T‐cell populations, including CD8+ TEMRA and its CD28− subsets. Given the strong potential of CD8+ TEMRA cells as a biomarker for immunosenescence, we used deep‐amplicon bisulfite sequencing to match their frequencies in flow cytometry with CpG site methylation levels and developed a computational model to predict CD8+ TEMRA cell proportions from whole blood genomic DNA. Our findings confirm the association of CD8+ TEMRA and its subsets with CMV infection and provide a novel tool for their high throughput epigenetic quantification as a biomarker of immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahto Salumets
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Computer Science University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Anna P. Rumm
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Lehte Türk
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Clinic of Dermatology Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
| | - Kai Saks
- Department of Internal Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Astrid Oras
- Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Riin Tamm
- Laboratory of Immune Analysis United Laboratories Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
| | - Hedi Peterson
- Institute of Computer Science University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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Saare M, Tserel L, Haljasmägi L, Taalberg E, Peet N, Eimre M, Vetik R, Kingo K, Saks K, Tamm R, Milani L, Kisand K, Peterson P. Monocytes present age-related changes in phospholipid concentration and decreased energy metabolism. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13127. [PMID: 32107839 PMCID: PMC7189998 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age‐related changes at the cellular level include the dysregulation of metabolic and signaling pathways. Analyses of blood leukocytes have revealed a set of alterations that collectively lower their ability to fight infections and resolve inflammation later in life. We studied the transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolomic profiles of monocytes extracted from younger adults and individuals over the age of 65 years to map major age‐dependent changes in their cellular physiology. We found that the monocytes from older persons displayed a decrease in the expression of ribosomal and mitochondrial protein genes and exhibited hypomethylation at the HLA class I locus. Additionally, we found elevated gene expression associated with cell motility, including the CX3CR1 and ARID5B genes, which have been associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of two genes, PLA2G4B and ALOX15B, which belong to the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway involved in phosphatidylcholine conversion to anti‐inflammatory lipoxins, correlated with increased phosphatidylcholine content in monocytes from older individuals. We found age‐related changes in monocyte metabolic fitness, including reduced mitochondrial function and increased glycose consumption without the capacity to upregulate it during increased metabolic needs, and signs of increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. In conclusion, our results complement existing findings and elucidate the metabolic alterations that occur in monocytes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Saare
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Department of Biochemistry Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Nadežda Peet
- Department of Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Margus Eimre
- Department of Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Rait Vetik
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Clinic of Dermatology Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
| | - Kai Saks
- Department of Internal Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Riin Tamm
- Laboratory of Immune Analysis, United Laboratories Tartu University Hospital Tartu Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Research Group Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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4
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Tamm R, Mägi R, Tremmel R, Winter S, Mihailov E, Smid A, Möricke A, Klein K, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Houlston R, Weinshilboum R, Mlinarič Raščan I, Metspalu A, Milani L, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E. Polymorphic variation in TPMT is the principal determinant of TPMT phenotype: A meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 101:684-695. [PMID: 27770449 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thiopurine-related hematotoxicity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and inflammatory bowel diseases has been linked to genetically defined variability in thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity. While gene testing of TPMT is being clinically implemented, it is unclear if additional genetic variation influences TPMT activity with consequences for thiopurine-related toxicity. To examine this possibility, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of red blood cell TPMT activity in 844 Estonian individuals and 245 pediatric ALL cases. Additionally, we correlated genome-wide genotypes to human hepatic TPMT activity in 123 samples. Only genetic variants mapping to chromosome 6, including the TPMT gene region, were significantly associated with TPMT activity (P < 5.0 × 10-8 ) in each of the three GWAS and a joint meta-analysis of 1,212 cases (top hit P = 1.2 × 10-72 ). This finding is consistent with TPMT genotype being the primary determinant of TPMT activity, reinforcing the rationale for genetic testing of TPMT alleles in routine clinical practice to individualize mercaptopurine dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tamm
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Tremmel
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S Winter
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - E Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Smid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Möricke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Klein
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Schrappe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - R Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - A Metspalu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Schwab
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - E Schaeffeler
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Tuebingen, Germany
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5
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Karas-Kuželički N, Šmid A, Tamm R, Metspalu A, Mlinarič-Raščan I. From pharmacogenetics to pharmacometabolomics: SAM modulates TPMT activity. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1437-49. [PMID: 25303295 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In the present study, the influence of SAM on TPMT activity in vivo on human subjects was investigated. SUBJECTS & METHODS A total of 1017 donors from the Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu (Estonia) were genotyped for common TPMT variants, evaluated for TPMT activity, SAM levels, a set of 19 biochemical and ten hematological parameters and demographic data. RESULTS After adjustment in multiple regression models and correction for multiple testing, from the 43 factors that were tested, only TPMT genotype (p = 1 × 10(-13)) and SAM levels (p = 1 × 10(-13)) were found to significantly influence TPMT activity. The influence of SAM on TPMT activity was more pronounced in TPMT-heterozygous than wild-type individuals. CONCLUSION SAM represents a potential pharmacometabolomic marker and therapeutic agent in TPMT-heterozygous subjects.
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6
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Bonder MJ, Kasela S, Kals M, Tamm R, Lokk K, Barragan I, Buurman WA, Deelen P, Greve JW, Ivanov M, Rensen SS, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Wolfs MG, Fu J, Hofker MH, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Franke L, Milani L. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in fetal and adult human livers. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:860. [PMID: 25282492 PMCID: PMC4287518 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver plays a central role in the maintenance of homeostasis and health in general. However, there is substantial inter-individual variation in hepatic gene expression, and although numerous genetic factors have been identified, less is known about the epigenetic factors. Results By analyzing the methylomes and transcriptomes of 14 fetal and 181 adult livers, we identified 657 differentially methylated genes with adult-specific expression, these genes were enriched for transcription factor binding sites of HNF1A and HNF4A. We also identified 1,000 genes specific to fetal liver, which were enriched for GATA1, STAT5A, STAT5B and YY1 binding sites. We saw strong liver-specific effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms on both methylation levels (28,447 unique CpG sites (meQTL)) and gene expression levels (526 unique genes (eQTL)), at a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Of the 526 unique eQTL associated genes, 293 correlated significantly not only with genetic variation but also with methylation levels. The tissue-specificities of these associations were analyzed in muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue. We observed that meQTL were more stable between tissues than eQTL and a very strong tissue-specificity for the identified associations between CpG methylation and gene expression. Conclusions Our analyses generated a comprehensive resource of factors involved in the regulation of hepatic gene expression, and allowed us to estimate the proportion of variation in gene expression that could be attributed to genetic and epigenetic variation, both crucial to understanding differences in drug response and the etiology of liver diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-860) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Deelen J, Beekman M, Uh HW, Broer L, Ayers KL, Tan Q, Kamatani Y, Bennet AM, Tamm R, Trompet S, Guðbjartsson DF, Flachsbart F, Rose G, Viktorin A, Fischer K, Nygaard M, Cordell HJ, Crocco P, van den Akker EB, Böhringer S, Helmer Q, Nelson CP, Saunders GI, Alver M, Andersen-Ranberg K, Breen ME, van der Breggen R, Caliebe A, Capri M, Cevenini E, Collerton JC, Dato S, Davies K, Ford I, Gampe J, Garagnani P, de Geus EJC, Harrow J, van Heemst D, Heijmans BT, Heinsen FA, Hottenga JJ, Hofman A, Jeune B, Jonsson PV, Lathrop M, Lechner D, Martin-Ruiz C, Mcnerlan SE, Mihailov E, Montesanto A, Mooijaart SP, Murphy A, Nohr EA, Paternoster L, Postmus I, Rivadeneira F, Ross OA, Salvioli S, Sattar N, Schreiber S, Stefánsson H, Stott DJ, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Westendorp RGJ, Willemsen G, Samani NJ, Galan P, Sørensen TIA, Boomsma DI, Jukema JW, Rea IM, Passarino G, de Craen AJM, Christensen K, Nebel A, Stefánsson K, Metspalu A, Magnusson P, Blanché H, Christiansen L, Kirkwood TBL, van Duijn CM, Franceschi C, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Slagboom PE. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of human longevity identifies a novel locus conferring survival beyond 90 years of age. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4420-32. [PMID: 24688116 PMCID: PMC4103672 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic contribution to the variation in human lifespan is ∼25%. Despite the large number of identified disease-susceptibility loci, it is not known which loci influence population mortality. We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 7729 long-lived individuals of European descent (≥85 years) and 16 121 younger controls (<65 years) followed by replication in an additional set of 13 060 long-lived individuals and 61 156 controls. In addition, we performed a subset analysis in cases aged ≥90 years. We observed genome-wide significant association with longevity, as reflected by survival to ages beyond 90 years, at a novel locus, rs2149954, on chromosome 5q33.3 (OR = 1.10, P = 1.74 × 10−8). We also confirmed association of rs4420638 on chromosome 19q13.32 (OR = 0.72, P = 3.40 × 10−36), representing the TOMM40/APOE/APOC1 locus. In a prospective meta-analysis (n = 34 103), the minor allele of rs2149954 (T) on chromosome 5q33.3 associates with increased survival (HR = 0.95, P = 0.003). This allele has previously been reported to associate with low blood pressure in middle age. Interestingly, the minor allele (T) associates with decreased cardiovascular mortality risk, independent of blood pressure. We report on the first GWAS-identified longevity locus on chromosome 5q33.3 influencing survival in the general European population. The minor allele of this locus associates with low blood pressure in middle age, although the contribution of this allele to survival may be less dependent on blood pressure. Hence, the pleiotropic mechanisms by which this intragenic variation contributes to lifespan regulation have to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing
| | - Hae-Won Uh
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics
| | - Linda Broer
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Kristin L Ayers
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Department of Clinical Genetics and
| | | | - Anna M Bennet
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Riin Tamm
- Estonian Genome Center and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | | | - Marianne Nygaard
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Department of Clinical Genetics and
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Paolina Crocco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Gary I Saunders
- Human and Vertebrate Analysis and Annotation, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Maris Alver
- Estonian Genome Center and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Marie E Breen
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine and
| | - Elisa Cevenini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine and
| | - Joanna C Collerton
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Karen Davies
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics and
| | - Jutta Gampe
- Laboratory of Statistical Demography, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine and
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Harrow
- Human and Vertebrate Analysis and Annotation, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing
| | | | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Epidemiology and
| | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- Geriatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris 75010, France EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A4
| | | | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Susan E Mcnerlan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Cytogenetics Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT8 8BH, UK
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Murphy
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Iris Postmus
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Owen A Ross
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine and
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | | | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité-UREN (Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle), U557 Inserm; U1125 Inra; Cnam; Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, Bobigny 93017, France
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Frederiksberg DK-2000, Denmark
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht 3501 DG, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Department of Clinical Genetics and Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark
| | | | - Kári Stefánsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík 101, Iceland
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Patrik Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | | | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Department of Clinical Genetics and
| | - Thomas B L Kirkwood
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani', University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna 40139, Italy CNR-ISOF, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | | | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing,
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Milek M, Smid A, Tamm R, Kuzelicki NK, Metspalu A, Mlinaric-Rascan I. Post-translational stabilization of thiopurine S-methyltransferase by S-adenosyl-L-methionine reveals regulation of TPMT*1 and *3C allozymes. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:969-76. [PMID: 22274639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT; EC 2.1.1.67) plays a pivotal role in thiopurine treatment outcomes. However, little has been known about its intracellular regulation. Here, we describe the effect of fluctuations in physiological levels of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and related metabolites on TPMT activity levels in cell lines and erythrocytes from healthy donors. We determined higher TPMT activity in wild-type TPMT*1/*1 individuals with high SAM concentrations (n=96) compared to the low SAM level group (n=19; P<0.001). These findings confirm the results of our in vitro studies, which demonstrated that the restriction of L-methionine (Met) in cell growth media reversibly decreased TPMT activity and protein levels. Selective inhibition of distinct components of Met metabolism was used to demonstrate that SAM is implicitly responsible for direct post-translational TPMT stabilization. The greatest effect of SAM-mediated TPMT stabilization was observed in the case of wild-type TPMT*1 and variant *3C allozymes. In addition to TPMT genotyping, SAM may serve as an important biochemical marker in individualization of thiopurine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Milek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, SI-1000, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Braschinsky M, Tamm R, Beetz C, Sachez-Ferrero E, Raukas E, Lüüs SM, Gross-Paju K, Boillot C, Canzian F, Metspalu A, Haldre S. Unique spectrum of SPAST variants in Estonian HSP patients: presence of benign missense changes but lack of exonic rearrangements. BMC Neurol 2010; 10:17. [PMID: 20214791 PMCID: PMC2841126 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that can be an autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, or X-linked disease. The most common autosomal-dominant form of the disease derives from mutations in the SPAST gene. Methods The aim of this study was to analyze 49 patients diagnosed with HSP from the Estonian population for sequence variants of the SPAST gene and to describe the associated phenotypes. Healthy control individuals (n = 100) with no family history of HSP were also analyzed. All patient samples were screened using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. Samples with abnormal DHPLC and MLPA profiles were sequenced, with the same regions sequenced in control samples. Results Sequence variants of SPAST were identified in 19/49 HSP patients (38.8%), twelve among them had pathogenic mutations. Within the latter group there was one sporadic case. Eight patients had pure, and four - complex HSP. The twelve variants were identified: seven pathogenic (c.1174-1G>C, c.1185delA, c.1276C>T, c.1352_1356delGAGAA, c.1378C>A, c.1518_1519insTC, c.1841_1842insA) and five non-pathogenic (c.131C>T, c.484G>A, c.685A>G, c.1245+202delG, c.1245+215G>C). Only 2 of these mutations had previously been described (c.131C>T, c.1245+202delG). Three mutations, c.1174-1G>C, c.1276 C>T, c.1378C>A, showed intrafamilial segregation. Conclusion This study identified new variants of the SPAST gene which included benign missense variants and short insertions/deletions. No large rearrangements were found. Based on these data, 7 new pathogenic variants of HSP are associated with clinical phenotypes.
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Tamm R. Novel human pathological mutations. Gene symbol: SPAST. Disease: Hereditary spastic paraplegia. Hum Genet 2010; 127:112. [PMID: 20108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riin Tamm
- IMCB, Riia street, 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Kuningas M, May L, Tamm R, van Bodegom D, van den Biggelaar AHJ, Meij JJ, Frölich M, Ziem JB, Suchiman HED, Metspalu A, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ. Selection for genetic variation inducing pro-inflammatory responses under adverse environmental conditions in a Ghanaian population. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7795. [PMID: 19907653 PMCID: PMC2771352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic age-associated, degenerative diseases. Pro-inflammatory host responses that are deleterious later in life may originate from evolutionary selection for genetic variation mediating resistance to infectious diseases under adverse environmental conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings In the Upper-East region of Ghana where infection has remained the leading cause of death, we studied the effect on survival of genetic variations at the IL10 gene locus that have been associated with chronic diseases. Here we show that an IL10 haplotype that associated with a pro-inflammatory innate immune response, characterised by low IL-10 (p = 0.028) and high TNF-α levels (p = 1.39×10−3), was enriched among Ghanaian elders (p = 2.46×10−6). Furthermore, in an environment where the source of drinking water (wells/rivers vs. boreholes) influences mortality risks (HR 1.28, 95% CI [1.09–1.50]), we observed that carriers of the pro-inflammatory haplotype have a survival advantage when drinking from wells/rivers but a disadvantage when drinking from boreholes (pinteraction = 0.013). Resequencing the IL10 gene region did not uncover any additional common variants in the pro-inflammatory haplotype to those SNPs that were initially genotyped. Conclusions/Significance Altogether, these data lend strong arguments for the selection of pro-inflammatory host responses to overcome fatal infection and promote survival in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Kuningas
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda May
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Riin Tamm
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - David van Bodegom
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anita H. J. van den Biggelaar
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Center for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Marijke Frölich
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juventus B. Ziem
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Helena E. D. Suchiman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Genome Project of University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Tamm R, Oselin K, Kallassalu K, Magi R, Anier K, Remm M, Metspalu A. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) pharmacogenetics: three new mutations and haplotype analysis in the Estonian population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:974-9. [PMID: 18605963 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in the metabolism of thiopurine drugs. To date, at least 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been reported in the TPMT gene, 23 of these are associated with reduced enzyme activity. METHODS The aim of the present study was to sequence the whole coding region of TPMT (exons 3-10) to identify known and novel TPMT sequence variants amongst healthy Estonians. Erythrocyte TPMT activity was also measured to carry out a genotype-phenotype comparison. RESULTS A total of 21 subjects were heterozygous for known TPMT alleles (*2, *3A, *3C, *9, *12). Several other previously described intronic and exon polymorphisms were identified. Three novel mutations were detected -30T>A in exon 3, 10A>G in intron 3, and 145A>G in intron 10. Association analysis revealed four markers (114T>A, 94T>A, 460G>A, 719A>G) whose frequencies were significantly different in intermediate (enzyme activity <or=60 ng/mL/h) methylators compared to normal (enzyme activity 61-139 ng/mL/h) and high (enzyme activity >or=140 ng/mL/h) methylators (p<0.001). Haplotype analysis found one haplotype to be associated with intermediate TPMT activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to several markers that predict reduced enzyme activity. None of the identified markers were associated with high enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riin Tamm
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hartmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Oselin K, Anier K, Tamm R, Kallassalu K, Mäeorg U. Determination of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity by comparing various normalization factors: Reference values for Estonian population using HPLC-UV assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 834:77-83. [PMID: 16517227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT; EC 2.1.1.67) is the key enzyme in the metabolism of thiopurine drugs. Determination of TPMT activity has been used for the individualization of thiopurine dose. We developed HPLC-UV assay for the determination of TPMT activity in human erythrocytes using 6-mercaptopurine as a substrate. Various extraction and chromatographic conditions were compared. In-house developed extraction with acetonitrile provided the lowest limit of quantification. TPMT activity was determined in 99 previously genotyped healthy Estonians. TPMT activity was expressed as the formation of 6-methylmercaptopurine ng/ml/h and normalized either to haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte count or protein content. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed similar accuracy values for TPMT activity in predicting heterozygous and wild type individuals for each method of calculation. In healthy Estonians, TPMT activity varied from 21.5 to 129.6 ng/ml/h. For heterozygous individuals (n = 18), TPMT activity was 48.1 +/- 11.7 ng/ml/h. Wild type individuals (n = 81) revealed significantly higher TPMT activity 79.3 +/- 20.7 ng/ml/h (P < 0.001). This sensitive HPLC assay for quantitative determination of TPMT activity could easily be used in clinical settings. Under constant experimental conditions for haemolysate preparation no normalization is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Oselin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tartu University, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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Oertel CG, Tamm R, Skrotzki W, Brokmeier HG. Anomalous creep behaviour of aluminium high current joint materials. Cryst Res Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200410310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Diffraction with high-energy synchrotron radiation is a new experimental method to determine textures of
materials, which due to the special properties of this radiation, in the future may have advantages in terms
of accuracy of local texture measurements in comparison to established methods like Electron back scatter
diffraction (EBSD). In the present study NiAl polycrystals with two different initial textures have been
deformed in torsion at 727°C and 1000°C and their texture development has been measured with highenergy
synchrotron radiation. Torsion enables the study of texture formation with strain as well as the
exploration of large strains without changing the shape of the samples. The pole figures indicate the preferred
alignment of ‹100› with the shear direction and {110} with the shear plane. High pressure torsion may also
open new possibilities in terms of grain refinement and texture formation and thus ductilization of NiAl.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Skrotzki
- Institute of Structural Physics, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - B. Klöden
- Institute of Structural Physics, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - R. Tamm
- Institute of Structural Physics, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - C.-G. Oertel
- Institute of Structural Physics, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - U. Garbe
- HASYLAB at DESY, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - E. Rybacki
- Geo Research Centre Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam 14473, Germany
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Plantiko P, Tamm R. [Inguinal paravascular blockade (3-in-1 block) in combination with general anesthesia]. Reg Anaesth 1988; 11:32-3. [PMID: 3353528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Plantiko
- Zentrale Anaesthesieabteilung der Städtischen Krankenanstalten, Krankenhaus Siloah, Hannover
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Schwieter U, Tamm R, Weiser H, Wiss O. [On the synthesis and vitamin E activity of tocopheramines and their N-alkyl derivatives]. Helv Chim Acta 1966; 49:2297-303. [PMID: 5977522 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.660490733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zeller P, Bader F, Lindlar H, Montavon M, Müller P, Rüegg R, Ryser G, Saucy G, Schaeren SF, Schwieter U, Stricker K, Tamm R, Zürcher P, Isler O. Synthesen in der Carotinoid-Reihe. 13. Mitteilung Synthese von Canthaxanthin. Helv Chim Acta 1959. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19590420326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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