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Sadhukhan R, Verma SP, Mondal S, Das A, Banerjee R, Mandal A, Banerjee M, Goswami DK. Humidity-Induced Protein-Based Artificial Synaptic Devices for Neuroprosthetic Applications. Small 2024:e2307439. [PMID: 38213007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces are immensely beneficial for people with neurological disabilities, and the future generation of neural repair systems will utilize neuromorphic devices for the advantages of energy efficiency and real-time performance abilities. Conventional synaptic devices are not compatible to work in such conditions. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central part of the nervous system is composed of 99% water. Therefore, artificial synaptic devices, which are the fundamental component of neuromorphic devices, should resemble biological nerves while being biocompatible, and functional in high-humidity environments with higher functional stability for real-time applications in the human body. In this work, artificial synaptic devices are fabricated based on gelatin-PEDOT: PSS composite as an active material to work more effectively in a highly humid environment (≈90% relative humidity). These devices successfully mimic various synaptic properties by the continuous variation of conductance, like, excitatory/inhibitory post-synaptic current(EPSC/IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation/depression(PPF/PPD), spike-voltage dependent plasticity (SVDP), spike-duration dependent plasticity (SDDP), and spike-rate dependent plasticity (SRDP) in environments at a relative humidity levels of ≈90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sadhukhan
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shiv Prakash Verma
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sovanlal Mondal
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Abhirup Das
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Rajdeep Banerjee
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ajoy Mandal
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | | | - Dipak K Goswami
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Acklin S, Du W, Sadhukhan R, Cholia R, Xia F. Nicotinamide Riboside Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy via SIRT2 Activation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mandal A, Mallik S, Mondal S, Subhadarshini S, Sadhukhan R, Ghoshal T, Mitra S, Manna M, Mandal S, Goswami DK. Diffusion-Induced Ingress of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 into the Charge Conducting Path of a Pentacene Channel for Efficient Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva Samples. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3006-3013. [PMID: 36129125 PMCID: PMC9514329 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of a pathogen is crucial for disease control and prevention of the epidemic of emerging infectious like SARS-CoV-2. However, no foolproof gold standard assay exists to date. Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostic tests have been established for identifying COVID-19. However, viral RNAs are highly unstable in handling with poor laboratory procedures, leading to a false negative that accelerates the spread of the disease. Detection of the spike protein (S1) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through a proper receptor, commonly used in antigen-based rapid testing kits, also suffers from false-negative predictions due to decreasing viral titers in clinical specimens. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based sensors can be highly sensitive upon properly integrating receptors in the conducting channel. This work demonstrates how angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) molecules can be used as receptor molecules of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the OFET platform. Integration of ACE2 molecules into pentacene grain boundaries has been studied through the statistical analysis of rough surfaces in terms of lateral correlation length and interface width. The uniform coating of ACE2 molecules has been confirmed through growth studies to achieve better ingress of the receptors into the conducting channel at the semiconductor/dielectric interface of OFETs. We have observed less than a minute detection time with 94% sensitivity, which is the highest reported value. The sensor works with a saliva sample, requiring no sample preparation or virus transfer medium. A prototype module developed for remote monitoring confirms the suitability for point-of-care (POC) application at large-scale testing in more crowded areas like airports, railway stations, shopping malls, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Mandal
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Samik Mallik
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Sovanlal Mondal
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Suvani Subhadarshini
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Riya Sadhukhan
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Tanmay Ghoshal
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,
Kharagpur721302, India
| | - Suman Mitra
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Mousam Manna
- B C Roy Technology Hospital, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Suman Mandal
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
| | - Dipak K. Goswami
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
- School of Nanoscience and Technology,
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur721302,
India
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Todorovic V, Zhou L, Kakavas S, Wang L, Sielaff B, Sadhukhan R, Richardson P, DiGiammarino E, Sun C, Scott V. 571 Quantitative ligand and receptor binding studies reveal IL-36 activation mode. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Saha S, Mandal B, Hazra G, Dey A, Chakraborty M, Adhikari B, Mukhopadhyay S, Sadhukhan R. Can agronomic biofortification of zinc be benign for iron in cereals? J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Telem RS, Wani SH, Singh NB, Nandini R, Sadhukhan R, Bhattacharya S, Mandal N. Cisgenics - a sustainable approach for crop improvement. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:468-76. [PMID: 24396278 PMCID: PMC3867722 DOI: 10.2174/13892029113146660013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The implication of molecular biology in crop improvement is now more than three decades old. Not surprisingly, technology has moved on, and there are a number of new techniques that may or may not come under the genetically modified (GM) banner and, therefore, GM regulations. In cisgenic technology, cisgenes from crossable plants are used and it is a single procedure of gene introduction whereby the problem of linkage drag of other genes is overcome. The gene used in cisgenic approach is similar compared with classical breeding and cisgenic plant should be treated equally as classically bred plant and differently from transgenic plants. Therefore, it offers a sturdy reference to treat cisgenic plants similarly as classically bred plants, by exemption of cisgenesis from the current GMO legislations. This review covers the implications of cisgenesis towards the sustainable development in the genetic improvement of crops and considers the prospects for the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Telem
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - Shabir H Wani
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - N B Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, COA, CAU, Imphal, Manipur -795004, India
| | - R Nandini
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka -560065, India
| | - R Sadhukhan
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
| | - N Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Instrumentation & Environmental Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India
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Bishayee K, Ghosh S, Mukherjee A, Sadhukhan R, Mondal J, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Quercetin induces cytochrome-c release and ROS accumulation to promote apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in G2/M, in cervical carcinoma: signal cascade and drug-DNA interaction. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:153-63. [PMID: 23510470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small aromatic compounds like flavonoids can intercalate with DNA molecules bringing about conformational changes leading to reduced replication and transcription. Here, we have examined one dietary flavonoid, quercetin (found in many fruit and vegetables), for possible anti-cancer effects, on HeLa cells originally derived from a case of human cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS By circular dichroism spectroscopy we tested whether quercetin effectively interacted with DNA to bring about conformational changes that would strongly inhibit proliferation and migration of the HeLa cells. Cytotoxic effects of quercetin on cancer/normal cells, if any, were determined by MTT assay and such depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, as a consequence of quercetin treatment, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also were studied, by FACS analysis and expression profiles of different anti- and pro-apoptotic genes and their products were determined. RESULTS Quercetin intercalated with calf thymus cell DNA and HeLa cell DNA and inhibition of anti-apoptotic AKT and Bcl-2 expression were observed. Levels of mitochondrial cytochrome-c were elevated and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred with increase of ROS; upregulation of expression of p53 and caspase-3 activity were also noted. These alterations in signalling proteins and externalization of phosphotidyl serine residues were involved with initiation of apoptosis. Reduced AKT expression suggested reduction in cell proliferation and metastasis potential, with arrest of the cell cycle at G2/M. CONCLUSION Quercetin would have potential for use in cervical cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bishayee
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
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Sadhukhan R, Santhamma KR, Reddy P, Peschon JJ, Black RA, Sen I. Unaltered cleavage and secretion of angiotensin-converting enzyme in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:10511-6. [PMID: 10187843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.15.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of several biologically important ectoproteins that exist in both membrane-bound and soluble forms as a result of a post-translational proteolytic cleavage. It has been suggested that a common proteolytic system is responsible for the cleavage of a diverse group of membrane ectoproteins, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE), a recently purified disintegrin-metalloprotease, has been implicated in the proteolytic cleavage of several cell surface proteins. Mice devoid of TACE have been developed by gene targeting. Such mice could provide a useful system to determine if TACE is responsible for the cleavage of other ectoproteins. Cultured fibroblasts without TACE activity, when transfected with cDNA encoding for the testicular isozyme of ACE (ACET), synthesized and secreted ACET normally after a proteolytic cleavage near the C terminus. In addition, similar quantities of the soluble, C-terminally truncated somatic isozyme of ACE (ACEP) were present in the serum of wild-type and TACE-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that TACE is not essential in the generation of soluble ACE under physiological conditions. Finally, we also report solubilization of ACE-secretase, the enzyme that cleaves ACE, from mouse ACE89 cells and from rabbit lung. We demonstrate that soluble ACE-secretase from both sources failed to cleave its substrate in solution, suggesting a requirement for anchoring to the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Sadhukhan R, Sen GC, Ramchandran R, Sen I. The distal ectodomain of angiotensin-converting enzyme regulates its cleavage-secretion from the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:138-43. [PMID: 9419342 PMCID: PMC18152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a type I ectoprotein that is cleaved off the cell surface by a plasma membrane-bound metalloprotease. However, CD4, another type I ectoprotein does not undergo such cleavage-secretion. In this study, we investigated the structural determinants of the ACE protein that regulate the cleavage-secretion process. Substitution and deletion mutations revealed that the cytoplasmic domain, the transmembrane domain, and the juxtamembrane region encompassing the major and the minor cleavage sites of ACE do not regulate its cleavage. Moreover, a chimeric protein containing the distal extracellular domain of CD4 and the juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and the cytoplasmic domains of ACE, although transported to the cell surface, was not cleavage-secreted. In contrast, the distal extracellular domain of ACE was shown to be the important determinant: a protein containing the distal extracellular domain of ACE and the juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domain of CD4 was efficiently cleaved off the cell surface. The chimeric protein was cleaved within the CD4 sequence and the responsible enzymatic activity was inhibited by Compound 3, a relatively specific inhibitor of the ACE secretase activity. These results demonstrate that, in a chimeric protein, the distal extracellular domain of a cleavable protein, such as ACE, can induce a proteolytic cleavage within the juxtamembrane domain of an uncleaved protein such as CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
Many biologically important ectoproteins that are anchored in the plasma membrane via a hydrophobic domain undergo a proteolytic cleavage process, which releases the ectodomain to the extracellular milieu in a regulated fashion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one such protein that is secreted from human and mouse cells by its cleavage at one of two alternative sites in the ectodomain. Here, we report similar cleavage-secretion of ACE in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The cleavage site used in yeasts was identical to one of the two sites used in mouse cells. Moreover, as in mammalian cells, ACE secretion in yeast was inhibited by compound 3, a potent inhibitor of the metzincin family of metalloproteases. ACE proteins cleavage-secreted from yeast and from mammalian cells had identical enzymatic properties. These results demonstrate the existence of a secretase activity in yeast whose properties closely resemble those of the mammalian ACE secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Sadhukhan R, Sen I. Different glycosylation requirements for the synthesis of enzymatically active angiotensin-converting enzyme in mammalian cells and yeast. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:6429-34. [PMID: 8626443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.11.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For facilitating crystallization and structural studies of the testicular isozyme of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE,), we attempted the production of enzymatically active ACET proteins which are unglycosylated or underglycosylated. Expression in Escherichia coli of the rabbit ACET cDNA resulted in the synthesis of an unglycosylated but inactive protein. Similarly, unglycosylated ACET synthesized in HeLa cells, by using a cDNA in which all five potential N-glycosylation sites had been mutated, was inactive and rapidly degraded. Several ACET variants carrying mutations in one or more of the potential N-glycosylation sites were used to examine the role of glycosylation at specific sites on ACET synthesis, transport to the cell surface, cleavage processing, and enzyme activity. These experiments demonstrated that allowing glycosylation only at the first or the second site, as counted from the NH2 terminus, was sufficient for normal synthesis and processing of active ACET. In contrast, ACETg3, which had only the third glycosylation site available, was unglycosylated, enzymatically inactive and rapidly degraded. N-Glycosylated ACET could also be produced in yeast. Surprisingly, the mutant ACETg3 was synthesized, N-glycosylated, and properly transported in yeast. Wild type and mutant ACE proteins were cleavage-secreted from yeast and enzymatically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Manna S, Sinha A, Sadhukhan R, Chakrabarty SL. Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-asparaginase isolated from Pseudomonas stutzeri MB-405. Curr Microbiol 1995; 30:291-8. [PMID: 7766157 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An L-asparaginase produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri MB-405 was isolated and characterized. After initial ammonium sulfate fractionation, the enzyme was purified by consecutive column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Ca-hydroxylapatite, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The 665.5-fold purified enzyme thus obtained has the specific activity of 732.3 units mg protein-1 with an overall recovery of 27.2%. The apparent M(r) of the enzyme under nondenaturing and denaturing conditions was 34 kDa and 33 kDa respectively, and the isoelectric point was 6.38 +/- 0.02. It displayed optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 37 degrees C. The enzyme was very specific for L-asparagine and did not hydrolyze L-glutaminate. The Km of the L-asparaginase was found to be 1.45 x 10(-4) M towards L-asparagine and was competitively inhibited by 5-diazo-4-oxo-L- norvaline (DONV) with a Ki of 0.03 mM. Metal ions such as Mn2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ potentially inhibited the enzyme activity. The activity was enhanced in the presence of thiol-protecting reagents such as DTT, 2-ME, and glutathione (reduced), but inhibited by PCMB and iodoacetamide. The tumor inhibition study with Dalton's lymphoma tumor cells in vivo indicated that this enzyme possesses antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manna
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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Sadhukhan R, Roy SK, Raha SK, Manna S, Chakrabarty SL. Induction and regulation of alpha-amylase synthesis in a cellulolytic thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila D14 (ATCC 48104). Indian J Exp Biol 1992; 30:482-6. [PMID: 1506028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-amylase enzyme synthesis was higher when M. thermophila D-14 (ATCC 48104) was grown in culture medium incorporated with starch or other carbohydrates containing maltose units. Maximum enzyme production was attained with 1% starch followed by a gradual decrease with increasing concentration. Marked decrease in alpha-amylase synthesis occurred with the addition of glucose to the culture medium and this decreasing activity was proportional to the concentration of glucose. The enzyme synthesis was resumed as soon as the glucose concentration fell below a critical level. The addition of cAMP did not eliminate the repressive activity of glucose. The findings suggest that extracellular alpha-amylase synthesis in M. thermophila D-14 was inducible and subject to catabolite repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sadhukhan
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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