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Luke JJ, Davar D, Andtbacka RH, Bhardwaj N, Brody JD, Chesney J, Coffin R, de Baere T, de Gruijl TD, Fury M, Goldmacher G, Harrington KJ, Kaufman H, Kelly CM, Khilnani AD, Liu K, Loi S, Long GV, Melero I, Middleton M, Neyns B, Pinato DJ, Sheth RA, Solomon SB, Szapary P, Marabelle A. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) recommendations on intratumoral immunotherapy clinical trials (IICT): from premalignant to metastatic disease. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008378. [PMID: 38641350 PMCID: PMC11029323 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumorally delivered immunotherapies have the potential to favorably alter the local tumor microenvironment and may stimulate systemic host immunity, offering an alternative or adjunct to other local and systemic treatments. Despite their potential, these therapies have had limited success in late-phase trials for advanced cancer resulting in few formal approvals. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a panel of experts to determine how to design clinical trials with the greatest chance of demonstrating the benefits of intratumoral immunotherapy for patients with cancers across all stages of pathogenesis. METHODS An Intratumoral Immunotherapy Clinical Trials Expert Panel composed of international key stakeholders from academia and industry was assembled. A multiple choice/free response survey was distributed to the panel, and the results of this survey were discussed during a half-day consensus meeting. Key discussion points are summarized in the following manuscript. RESULTS The panel determined unique clinical trial designs tailored to different stages of cancer development-from premalignant to unresectable/metastatic-that can maximize the chance of capturing the effect of intratumoral immunotherapies. Design elements discussed included study type, patient stratification and exclusion criteria, indications of randomization, study arm determination, endpoints, biological sample collection, and response assessment with biomarkers and imaging. Populations to prioritize for the study of intratumoral immunotherapy, including stage, type of cancer and line of treatment, were also discussed along with common barriers to the development of these local treatments. CONCLUSIONS The SITC Intratumoral Immunotherapy Clinical Trials Expert Panel has identified key considerations for the design and implementation of studies that have the greatest potential to capture the effect of intratumorally delivered immunotherapies. With more effective and standardized trial designs, the potential of intratumoral immunotherapy can be realized and lead to regulatory approvals that will extend the benefit of these local treatments to the patients who need them the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Chesney
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thierry de Baere
- Center for Biotherapies In Situ (BIOTHERIS), INSERM CIC1428, Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Medical Imaging, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Fury
- Oncology Clinical Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Kevin J Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Howard Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ankyra Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ciara M Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Marengo Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mark Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Chief of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Professor of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Szapary
- Interventional Oncology, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Center for Biotherapies In Situ (BIOTHERIS), INSERM CIC1428, Department for Therapeutic Innovation and Early Phase Trials (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Middleton M, Sacco J, Harrington K, Olsson-Brown A, Chan T, Nenclares P, Leslie I, Aroldi F, Bommareddy P, Saleem I, Castro H, Pirzkall A, Coffin R. 507 A phase 1 clinical trial of RP2, an enhanced potency oncolytic HSV expressing an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, as a single agent and combined with nivolumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRP2 is a first-in-class, enhanced potency oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) -1 expressing GM-CSF, a fusogenic protein (GALV-GP R-), and an anti-CTLA-4 antibody-like molecule that is being tested in an open-label, multicenter, phase 1 study alone and combined with nivolumab (nivo). Preliminary data with RP2 as monotherapy has been presented previously [1–2]. We present updated safety, tolerability, and clinical activity data of RP2 alone and initial data in combination with nivolumab.MethodsUsing a 3+3 dose escalation, patients (pts) received intratumoral injections of up to 10 mL RP2 to superficial and/or visceral tumors Q2W up to 5 times at two dose levels (Dose level 1: 10^5 PFU/mL then 4 doses of 10^6 PFU/mL; dose level 2: 10^6 PFU/mL then 4 doses of 10^7 PFU/mL). Following determination of the RP2D (10^6 PFU/mL, followed by subsequent doses of 10^7 PFU/mL, Q2W X 7), a combination cohort of 30 pts were dosed with RP2 up to 8 times combined with nivo (240 mg Q2W for 4 mos from the second RP2 dose, then 480 mg Q4W for 20 mos). Re-initiation of up to 8 additional RP2 doses is permitted in prespecified circumstances.ResultsNine pts were enrolled into the RP2 monotherapy phase (6 seropositive and 3 seronegative for HSV). Objective responses were observed in 3 pts, 1 ongoing CR for ≥15 months in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 ongoing PR for ≥18 months in esophageal cancer with liver metastases, 1 PR in uveal melanoma with liver metastases that progressed at 15 months. As of June 3rd 2021, 27 patients had been enrolled and ongoing partial responses had been observed in 4/9 anti-PD-1 failed cutaneous melanoma, 1/3 uveal melanoma and 1/3 SCCHN pts. A further 8 patients remained on study with the opportunity for response. Biomarker analyses indicate T cell infiltration, increase in tumor inflammation signature, expansion of existing T cell clones and emergence of new T cell clones, together indicative of local and systemic anti-tumor activity. The combination was well tolerated and no new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsRP2 ± nivo demonstrated good tolerability and durable systemic responses in pts with difficult-to-treat, heavily pretreated and anti-PD-1 failed advanced cancers. These data continue to support the hypothesis that oncolytic delivery of anti-CTLA-4 into tumors, with accompanying antigen release, presentation and immune activation, can provide potent systemic anti-tumor effects. Updated data from the full 30 patient cohort will be presented.Trial RegistrationNCT04336241ReferencesAroldi F, Sacco J, Harrington K, Olsson-Brown A, Nanclares P, Menezes L, Bommareddy P, Thomas S, Kaufman H, Samakoglu S, Coffin R and Middleton M. 421, Initial results of a phase 1 trial of RP2, a first in class, enhanced potency, anti-CTLA-4 antibody expressing, oncolytic HSV as single agent and combined with nivolumab in patients with solid tumors Journal for Immuno Therapy of Cancer 2020;8.Harrington KJ, Aroldi F, Sacco JJ, Milhem MM, Curti B, Vanderwalde A, et al. LB180-Clinical biomarker studies with two fusion-enhanced versions of oncolytic HSV (RP1 and RP2) alone and in combination with nivolumab in cancer patients indicate potent immune activation. Cancer Res 2021. LB-180Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by institutional review board or the local ethics committee at each site. Informed consent was obtained from patients prior to enrollment.
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Middleton M, Milhem M, Aroldi F, Sacco J, VanderWalde A, Baum S, Samson A, Chesney J, Niu J, Rhodes T, Bowles T, Emamekhoo H, Tsai K, In G, Beasley G, Chmielowski B, Dalac-Rat S, Kahler K, Muñoz E, Olsson-Brown A, Bommareddy P, Menezes L, Pirzkall A, Coffin R, Harrington K. 506 IGNYTE: an open-label, multicenter, phase 1/2 (Ph 1/2) clinical trial of RP1 ± nivolumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRP1 is an enhanced potency oncolytic HSV-1 which expresses a fusogenic glycoprotein (GALV-GP R-) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).1 In pre-clinical studies, RP1 demonstrated potent GALV-GP R-enhanced anti-tumor activity and immunogenic cell death. This Phase 1/2 (Ph 1/2) study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RP1 ± nivolumab (nivo) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors, including pts whose disease failed prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and has reported promising interim data in a number of tumor types including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and anti-PD1 failed melanoma to date.2MethodsThis is a multi-center, first-in-human, open label, multi-cohort, non-randomized Ph1 study of RP1 alone and combined with nivo followed by Ph2 in combination with nivo in pts with recurrent advanced solid tumors including those that progressed after prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The Ph 1 monotherapy dose escalation (n=14) and RP-1 combination expansion (n=22) cohorts are fully enrolled. Approximately 260 pts are expected to be enrolled in the ongoing Ph 2 portion across five cohorts; melanoma (n=30, enrollment complete), non-melanoma skin cancer (n=45, to include 15 pts with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 failed disease), anti-PD-1 failed MSI-H/dMMR tumors (n=30), anti-PD-1/PD-L1-failed non-small-cell lung cancer (n=30) and a registration-directed cohort in anti-PD-1 failed cutaneous melanoma (n=125). Pts in the Ph 2 portion receive up to 10 mL of RP1 intratumorally into one or more superficial or deep seated/visceral lesions at the recommended Ph 2 dose (1x10^6 PFU/mL × 1 followed by 1x10^7 PFU/mL × 7, Q2W). Following the first dose of RP1, nivo (240 mg IV Q2W for 4 months then 480 mg IV Q4W for up to 2 years) is subsequently administered in combination. Pts may receive up to 8 additional doses of RP1 if they meet protocol-specified criteria. Tumor assessments are performed Q8W. The primary objectives of the Ph 2 part of the study are to assess the safety, tolerability, and overall response rate (ORR) of RP1 in combination with nivo, by independent review for the anti-PD1 failed melanoma cohort. Secondary objectives include duration of response, complete response rate, disease control rate, PFS, 1-year and 2-year survival rates. Exploratory objectives include biodistribution and shedding analysis of RP1 and biomarker studies, including analyses of tumor biopsies and blood samples. Enrollment is currently ongoing in the UK and US, with additional sites in the EU (including France and Spain) are expected to open in 2021.Trial RegistrationNCT03767348ReferencesThomas S, Kuncheria L, Roulstone V, Kyula JN, Mansfield D, Bommareddy PK, Smith H, Kaufman HL, Harrington KJ, Coffin RS. Development of a new fusion-enhanced oncolytic immunotherapy platform based on herpes simplex virus type 1. J Immunother Cancer 2019;7(1):214.Coffin R, Astley-Sparke P, and Middleton M (2021, June 3rd). Retrieved from https://ir.replimune.com/static-files/f4fe3349-e082-4d41-94a1-106ce7e78a23Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by institutional review board or the local ethics committee at each site. Informed consent was obtained from patients prior to enrollment.
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Luke J, Migden M, Chai-Ho W, Bolotin D, Wise-Draper T, Poklepovic A, Laux D, Kheterpal M, Verschraegen C, Collichio F, Lutzky J, Daniels G, Tsai K, Navia S, Castro H, Bommareddy P, Pirzkall A, Coffin R. 550 ARTACUS: An open-label, multicenter, phase 1b/2 study of RP1 in solid organ transplant recipients with advanced cutaneous malignancies. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSolid organ transplantation (SOT) has emerged as an important lifesaving procedure for patients with a wide range of end-organ diseases characterized by dysfunction or specific organ function failure. SOT rejection is a major complication requiring patients (pts) to undergo lifelong immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection.1Skin cancers (SCs) including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are common post transplant malignancies.2 SC in SOT pts is generally managed with surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in SOT recipients has improved outcomes but are associated with the high risk of allograft rejection.3–5 Thus, there is a high unmet need for a safe and effective treatment that also protects pts from allograft rejection. RP1 is an oncolytic virus (HSV-1) that expresses a fusogenic glycoprotein (GALV-GP R-) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In preclinical studies, RP1 induced immunogenic tumor cell death and provided potent systemic anti-tumor activity6 and clinical data in combination with nivolumab has demonstrated a high rate of deep and durable response in patients with advanced SCs.7 The objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of single agent RP1 in kidney and liver transplant recipients with SCs, with focus on CSCC. After determining the safety and tolerability in the initial cohort with kidney and liver transplants the study may also enroll heart and lung transplant recipients.MethodsThis study will enroll up to 65 evaluable allograft transplantation pts with locally advanced or metastatic SCs. Key inclusion criteria are pts with confirmed recurrent, locally advanced or metastatic CSCC and up to 10 pts with non-CSCC SC, stable allograft function and ECOG performance status of ≤1. Pts with prior systemic anti-cancer treatment are allowed. Key exclusion criteria are prior treatment with an oncolytic therapy, active herpetic infections or prior complications of HSV-1 infection and a history of organ graft rejection within 12 months. Pts will receive an initial dose of 1 x 10^6 plaque-forming units (PFU) of RP1. Two weeks later they will receive 1 x 10^7 PFU of RP1 and continue every two weeks until pre-specified study endpoints are met. RP1 will be administered by intra-tumoral injection including through imaging guidance as clinically appropriate. The primary objective of the trial is to assess efficacy determined by ORR and safety of single agent RP1. Additional secondary endpoints include DOR, CR, DCR, PFS and OS.Trial RegistrationNCT04349436ReferencesFrohn C, Fricke L, Puchta JC, Kirchner H. The effect of HLA-C matching on acute renal transplant rejection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16(2):355–60.Madeleine MM, Patel NS, Plasmeijer EI, Engels EA, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Toland AE, Green AC; the Keratinocyte Carcinoma Consortium (KeraCon) Immunosuppression Working Group. Epidemiology of keratinocyte carcinomas after organ transplantation. Br J Dermatol 2017;177(5):1208–1216.Spain L, Higgins R, Gopalakrishnan K, Turajlic S, Gore M, Larkin J. Acute renal allograft rejection after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 2016;27(6):1135–1137.Herz S, Höfer T, Papapanagiotou M, Leyh JC, Meyenburg S, Schadendorf D, Ugurel S, Roesch A, Livingstone E, Schilling B, Franklin C. Checkpoint inhibitors in chronic kidney failure and an organ transplant recipient. Eur J Cancer 2016;67:66-72.Kittai AS, Oldham H, Cetnar J, Taylor M. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in organ transplant ptss. J Immunother 2017;40(7):277–281.Thomas S, Kuncheria L, Roulstone V, Kyula JN, Mansfield D, Bommareddy PK, Smith H, Kaufman HL, Harrington KJ, Coffin RS. Development of a new fusion-enhanced oncolytic immunotherapy platform based on herpes simplex virus type 1. J Immunother Cancer 2019 10;7(1):214.Middleton M, Aroldi F, Sacco J, Milhem M, Curti B, Vanderwalde A, Baum S, Samson A, Pavlick A, Chesney J, Niu J, Rhodes T, Bowles T, Conry R, Olsson-Brown A, Earl-Laux D, Kaufman H, Bommareddy P, Deterding A, Samakoglu S, Coffin R, Harrington K. 422 An open-label, multicenter, phase 1/2 clinical trial of RP1, an enhanced potency oncolytic HSV, combined with nivolumab: updated results from the skin cancer cohorts. J Immunother Cancer 2020;8(3): doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0422Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by institutional review board or the local ethics committee at each participating site. Informed consent was obtained from patients before participating in the trial.
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Middleton M, Aroldi F, Sacco J, Milhem M, Curti B, MBioeth AV, Baum S, Samson A, Pavlick A, Chesney J, Niu J, Rhodes T, Bowles T, Conry R, Olsson-Brown A, Laux DE, Kaufman H, Bommareddy P, Deterding A, Samakoglu S, Coffin R, Harrington K. 422 An open-label, multicenter, phase 1/2 clinical trial of RP1, an enhanced potency oncolytic HSV, combined with nivolumab: updated results from the skin cancer cohorts. J Immunother Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRP1 is an enhanced potency oncolytic HSV encoding a fusogenic protein (GALV-GP R-) and GM-CSF which has previously demonstrated tolerable safety and tumor regression alone and with nivolumab in patients with a number of tumor types. Updated data from the phase 1 expansion with nivolumab, melanoma phase 2 (enrollment complete) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC; enrollment ongoing) cohorts will be presented (NCT03767348). Enrollment of a further 125 patient anti-PD1 refractory cutaneous melanoma cohort; and activation of a cohort of anti-PD1 refractory NSCLC is underway.MethodsStage IIIb-IV melanoma patients for whom anti-PD-1 was indicated or who were refractory to prior anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4, were enrolled. NMSC patients were anti-PD1 naïve. Patients received ≤8 doses of RP1 (≤10 mL/visit Q2W; first dose 106 PFU/mL then 107 PFU/mL) with nivolumab (240 mg IV Q2W for 4 months then 480 mg IV Q4W up to 2 years) from the second RP1 dose.ResultsAs of 24th June 2020, 36 melanoma and 16 NMSC patients had been enrolled with follow up of <1–17 months. Of the melanoma patients, 16 previously anti-PD1 treated cutaneous (8 also prior anti-CTLA-4), 8 anti-PD1 naïve cutaneous, 6 mucosal, and 6 uveal. Of the NMSC patients, 10 had squamous cell (CSCC), 3 had a basal cell, 1 had Merkel cell carcinomas, and 2 had angiosarcoma. Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) remain consistent with phase 1, with RP1 side effects generally of Grade 1/2 constitutional-type symptoms, with no exacerbation of the side effects expected for nivolumab. At the data cut-off, 5 previously anti-PD1 treated (4 also anti-CTLA-4) cutaneous melanoma patients, 4 anti-PD1 naïve cutaneous melanoma patients, two mucosal melanoma patients (one anti-PD1 refractory) and one uveal melanoma patient (ipi/nivo refractory) have achieved response (WHO criteria for uveal). For NMSC, for the 13 patients with >8 weeks follow up, one of two angiosarcoma patients and seven of eight CSCC patients (5 CR) have achieved response (CSCC ORR 87.5%; CR rate 62.5%, including of uninjected visceral disease). Tumor biopsies in patients continue to routinely show immune activation, including robust recruitment of CD8+ T cells, reversal of T cell exclusion, and increased PD-L1 expression. Treatment remains ongoing, and current data will be presented.ConclusionsRP1 and nivolumab have continued to be well tolerated, with continued promising anti-tumor activity in patients with skin cancers, including those with anti-PD1 refractory and other difficult to treat melanomas, and in patients with CSCC.
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Thiex NJ, Anderson S, Gildemeister B, Adcock W, Boedigheimer J, Bogren E, Coffin R, Conway K, DeBaker A, Frankenius E, Gramse M, Hogan P, Knese T, MacDonald J, M�ller J, Royle R, Russell M, Shafiee F, Shreve B, Sieh J, Spann M, Töpler E, Watts M. Crude Fat, Diethyl Ether Extraction, in Feed, Cereal Grain, and Forage (Randall/Soxtec/Submersion Method): Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.5.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method for determining crude fat in animal feed, cereal grain, and forage (plant tissue) was collaboratively studied. Crude fat was extracted from the animal feed, cereal grain, or forage material with diethyl ether by the Randall method, also called the Soxtec method or the submersion method. The proposed submersion method considerably decreases the extraction time required to complete a batch of samples. The increase in throughput is very desirable in the quest for faster turnaround times and the greater efficiency in the use of labor. In addition, this method provides for reclamation of the solvent as a step of the method. The submersion method for fat extraction was previously studied for meat and meat products and was accepted as AOAC Official Method 991.36. Fourteen blind samples were sent to 12 collaborators in the United States, Sweden, Canada, and Germany. The within-laboratory relative standard deviation (repeatability) ranged from 1.09 to 9.26% for crude fat. Among-laboratory (including within) relative standard deviation (reproducibility) ranged from 1.0 to 21.0%. The method is recommended for Official First Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Thiex
- South Dakota State University, Oscar E. Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Box 2170, ASC 151, Brookings, SD 57007
| | | | - Bryan Gildemeister
- South Dakota State University, Oscar E. Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Box 2170, ASC 151, Brookings, SD 57007
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Thiex NJ, Anderson S, Gildemeister B, Adcock W, Boedigheimer J, Bogren E, Coffin R, Conway K, DeBaker A, Frankenius E, Gramse M, Hogan P, Knese T, MacDonald J, M�ller J, Royle R, Russell M, Shafiee F, Shreve B, Sieh J, Spann M, Töpler E, Watts M. Crude Fat, Hexanes Extraction, in Feed, Cereal Grain, and Forage (Randall/Soxtec/Submersion Method): Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.5.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method for determining crude fat in animal feed, cereal grain, and forage (plant tissue) was collaboratively studied. Crude fat was extracted from the animal feed, cereal grain, or forage material with hexanes by the Randall method, also called the Soxtec method or the submersion method. The use of hexanes provides for an alternative to diethyl ether for fat extractions. The proposed submersion method considerably decreases the extraction time required to complete a batch of samples compared to Soxhlet. The increase in throughput is very desirable in the quest for faster turnaround times and the greater efficiency in the use of labor. In addition, this method provides for reclamation of the solvent as a step of the method. The submersion method for fat extraction was previously studied for meat and meat products and was accepted as AOAC Official Method 991.36. Fourteen blind samples were sent to 14 collaborators in the United States, Sweden, Canada, and Germany. The within-laboratory relative standard deviation (repeatability) ranged from 1.23 to 5.80% for crude fat. Among-laboratory (including within) relative standard deviation (reproducibility) ranged from 1.88 to 14.1%. The method is recommended for Official First Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Thiex
- South Dakota State University, Oscar E. Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Box 2170, ASC 151, Brookings, SD 57007
| | | | - Bryan Gildemeister
- South Dakota State University, Oscar E. Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Box 2170, ASC 151, Brookings, SD 57007
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Johansen
- Department of Surgery Harborview Medical Center University of Washington School of Medicine 325 Ninth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104
| | - Valerie Rusch
- Department of Surgery Harborview Medical Center University of Washington School of Medicine 325 Ninth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104
| | - Robert Coffin
- Department of Surgery Harborview Medical Center University of Washington School of Medicine 325 Ninth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104
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Coffin R. Interview with Robert Coffin, inventor of T-VEC: the first oncolytic immunotherapy approved for the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:103-6. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interviewed by Ellen Clarke, Commissioning Editor, Future Science Group. Robert Coffin is co-founder and CEO of Replimune. Previously he was Founder and CTO of BioVex Inc, a spin out from his research group at University College London in 1999. He was the inventor of all BioVex products including OncoVEXGM-CSF (talimogene laherparepvec; T-VEC; Imlygic) and oversaw all research and clinical development including bringing T-VEC through to two pivotal Phase 3 studies in melanoma and head and neck cancer. BioVex was acquired by Amgen in 2011 where he was VP Global Development until 2013. T-VEC was approved by the FDA for use in advanced melanoma in October 2015, the first oncolytic therapy or gene therapy to be approved in USA. He was awarded a PhD in virology from Imperial College London prior to his move to University College London in 1991.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coffin
- Replimune Ltd, The Oxford Science Park Magdalen Centre, Robinson Avenue, Oxford OX4 4GA
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Andtbacka RHI, Collichio FA, Amatruda T, Senzer N, Chesney J, Delman K, Spitler L, Puzanov I, Agarwala S, Milhem M, Harrington K, Middleton M, Li A, Shilkrut M, Coffin R, Kaufman H. Final planned overall survival (OS) from OPTiM, a randomized Phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) versus GM-CSF for the treatment of unresected stage IIIB/C/IV melanoma (NCT00769704). J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4292568 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nemunaitis J, Andtbacka R, Ross M, Amatruda T, Chesney J, Collichio F, Harrington K, Steven N, Fourie S, Dreosti L, Li A, Liu K, Shilkrut M, Coffin R, Kaufman H. Results of the Extension Trial of Optim, a Multicenter, Randomized Phase 3 Trial of Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-Vec) Vs Gm-Csf for Unresected Stage Iiib-Iv Melanoma. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu344.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kaufman HL, Andtbacka RHI, Collichio FA, Amatruda T, Senzer NN, Chesney J, Delman KA, Spitler LE, Puzanov I, Ye Y, Li A, Gansert JL, Coffin R, Ross MI. Primary overall survival (OS) from OPTiM, a randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) versus subcutaneous (SC) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for the treatment (tx) of unresected stage IIIB/C and IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.9008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frances A. Collichio
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yining Ye
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - Ai Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | | | | | - Merrick I. Ross
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Andtbacka RHI, Collichio FA, Amatruda T, Senzer NN, Chesney J, Delman KA, Spitler LE, Puzanov I, Doleman S, Ye Y, Vanderwalde AM, Coffin R, Kaufman H. OPTiM: A randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) versus subcutaneous (SC) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for the treatment (tx) of unresected stage IIIB/C and IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.18_suppl.lba9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LBA9008 Background: T-VEC is an oncolytic immunotherapy (OI) derived from herpes simplex virus type-1 designed to selectively replicate within tumors and to produce GM-CSF to enhance systemic antitumor immune responses. OPTiM is a randomized, phase III trial of T-VEC or GM-CSF in patients (pts) with unresected melanoma with regional or distant metastases. We report the primary results of the first phase III study of OI. Methods: Key criteria: age ≥18 yrs; ECOG ≤1; unresectable melanoma stage IIIB/C or IV; injectable cutaneous, SC, or nodal lesions; LDH ≤1.5X upper limit of normal; ≤3 visceral lesions (excluding lung), none >3 cm. Pts were randomized 2:1 to intralesional T-VEC (initially ≤ 4 mL x106 pfu/mL then after 3 wks, ≤ 4 mL x108 pfu/mL Q2W) or SC GM-CSF (125 µg/m2qd x 14 days q28d). The primary endpoint was durable response rate (DRR): partial or complete response (CR) continuously for ≥6 mos starting within 12 mos. Responses were per modified WHO by blinded central review. A planned interim analysis of overall survival (OS; key secondary endpoint) was performed. Results: 436 pts are in the ITT set: 295 (68%) T-VEC, 141 (32%) GM-CSF. 57% were men; median age was 63 yrs. Stage distribution was: IIIB/C 30%, IVM1a 27%, IVM1b 21%, IVM1c 22%. Objective response rate with T-VEC was 26% (95% CI: 21%, 32%) with 11% CR, and with GM-CSF was 6% (95% CI: 2%, 10%) with 1% CR. DRR for T-VEC was 16% (95% CI: 12%, 21%) and 2% for GM-CSF (95% CI: 0%, 5%), p<0.0001. DRR by stage (T-VEC, GM-CSF) was IIIB/C (33%, 0%), M1a (16%, 2%), M1b (3%, 4%), and M1c (8%, 3%). Interim OS showed a trend in favor of T-VEC; HR 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.02). Most common adverse events (AEs) with T-VEC were fatigue, chills, and pyrexia. Serious AEs occurred in 26% of T-VEC and 13% of GM-CSF pts. No ≥ grade 3 AE occurred in ≥ 3% of pts in either arm. Conclusions: T-VEC demonstrated both a statistically significant improvement in DRR over GM-CSF in pts with unresectable stage IIIB-IV melanoma and a tolerable safety profile; an interim analysis showed a trend toward improved OS. T-VEC represents a novel potential tx option for melanoma with regional or distant metastases. Clinical trial information: NCT00769704.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances A. Collichio
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Yining Ye
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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Andtbacka RHI, Collichio FA, Amatruda T, Senzer NN, Chesney J, Delman KA, Spitler LE, Puzanov I, Doleman S, Ye Y, Vanderwalde AM, Coffin R, Kaufman H. OPTiM: A randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) versus subcutaneous (SC) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for the treatment (tx) of unresected stage IIIB/C and IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.lba9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LBA9008 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Saturday, June, 1, 2013, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2013, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Saturday edition of ASCO Daily News.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances A. Collichio
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Yining Ye
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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Chang KJ, Senzer NN, Binmoeller K, Goldsweig H, Coffin R. Phase I dose-escalation study of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) for advanced pancreatic cancer (ca). J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14546 Background: T-VEC is an investigational, immune-enhanced oncolytic herpes simplex virus type I that selectively replicates in solid tumors. This was an open-label, dose-escalation study of T-VEC administered by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle injection (FNI) for advanced pancreatic ca. Methods: Eligibility criteria included ≥ 18 yrs old, ECOG 0-2, pathologically confirmed pancreatic ca with measurable disease (tumors ≥ 1 cm dia), and failure or unable to receive standard tx. T-VEC was administered at wks 6, 12, 18 to a single pancreatic tumor in 4 cohorts (C), 3 pts each enrolled sequentially (extended dosing allowed in pts thought to have benefit): C 1: 1 dose of 104 PFU/mL then 2 of 105 PFU/mL; C 2: 1 dose of 105 PFU/mL then 2 of 106 PFU/mL; C 3: 1 dose of 106 PFU/mL then 2 of 107 PFU/mL; C 4: 1 dose of 106 PFU/mL then 2 of 108 PFU/mL. 2 doses/pt were required for enrollment to the next C. A C could be expanded to 6 if 1 related DLT occurred. If 2 DLTs occurred, dose escalation was stopped. Endpoints were safety and activity as assessed by CT tumor dia changes from screening. Results: 17 pts were enrolled in C 1-3 given at least 1 dose of T-VEC; 65% were men; median age 54; 76% white, ECOG 0-1 82%. C 4 was not opened because of early study termination (not related to safety). 7/17 (41%) received all 3 planned doses and 8 (47%) had at least 1 post-dose CT scan. Only C 3 showed a median decrease in injected tumor dia with 2/4 pts achieving substantial tumor reductions (-36% and -33%). 3 pts (in C 1and C 3) showed decreases in the dia of ≥ 1 uninjected tumors (in liver, pancreas, kidney, and chest); 1 pt had disappearance of a nonmeasurable tumor in the liver. A dose trend was not observed for reductions of uninjected tumors. Most common AEs were ascites (47%), dehydration (41%), anemia, abdominal pain, constipation, and nausea (each 35%), and vomiting (29%). 2 pts (12%) had a grade 5 AE, both considered unrelated to T-VEC. Conclusions: EUS-guided FNI of T-VEC in advanced pancreatic ca, at initial doses of 104 to 106 PFU/mL followed by up to 107 PFU/mL, was feasible and tolerable. Evidence of biologic activity was observed. Future studies should be conducted in pts with less advanced disease, to allow sufficient time to receive multiple doses before PD.
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Kaufman H, Wagner VJ, Goldsweig H, Yao B, Coffin R. OPTiM: A randomized phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) compared with subcutaneously (sc) administered GM-CSF for the treatment (tx) of unresectable stage IIIb, IIIc, and IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps8604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS8604 Background: T-VEC (formerly OncoVEXGM-CSF) is an oncolytic HSV1 that selectively replicates in tumors. The proposed MOA includes lytic destruction of injected tumors and induction of a systemic anti-tumor immune response enhanced by local GM-CSF expression. Intratumoral T-VEC tx in a 50-patient (pt) ph II study in advanced melanoma (Stage IIIc-IVM1c) was well tolerated and achieved a high rate and duration of response, including 20% CR (Senzer et al., JCO 2009; 27: 5763-71). As immune effects may be delayed, progressive disease (PD) often occurred before response. Based on the ph II data, a randomized ph III trial of T-VEC in unresectable melanoma (the OPTiM study; clinical trials registry NCT00769704) was designed taking into account the response patterns seen with T-VEC and other immunotherapeutic agents. T-VEC is the first "armed" oncolytic agent to enter pivotal testing worldwide. Methods: OPTiM compares the efficacy and safety of intratumoral T-VEC to sc GM-CSF in 430 pts with treated or untreated unresectable Stage IIIb-IVM1c melanoma stratified by typical prognostic factors. Pts are randomized 2:1 to T-VEC (priming dose of up to 4 x 106 pfu intratumorally then 3 wks later by up to 4 x 108 pfu Q2W) or GM-CSF 125 µg/m2 qd sc x 14 days every 28 days. Key eligibility criteria are ≥ 18 yrs old, ECOG 0-1, and at least 1 injectable cutaneous, sc, or nodal tumor. The primary endpoint is durable response rate (DRR: CR or PR continuously maintained for ≥ 6 mo initiating within 12 mo of starting tx; secondary endpoints include OS. Responses are subject to independent review. Pts are treated until wk 24, even with PD. Thereafter pts are treated until clinically significant PD, CR, or for 1 yr. The study has 90% power to show a 10% difference in DRR with 2-sided Fisher Exact Test (α = 5%). Enrollment closed in July 2011 with 439 pts randomized in the US, UK, S Africa, and Canada. Interim analysis in Dec 2010 on 75 pts on study > 9 mo concluded that the study should continue. Results are expected during 2012. Conclusions: T-VEC provides a novel potential tx for melanoma. This pivotal ph III study is expected to report during 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Yao
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
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Agnes H, Kalman P, Jozsef A, Henrik B, Mucsi I, Kamata K, Sano T, Naito S, Okamoto T, Okina C, Kamata M, Murano J, Kobayashi K, Uchida M, Aoyama T, Takeuchi Y, Nagaba Y, Sakamoto H, Torino C, Torino C, Panuccio V, Clementi A, Garozzo M, Bonanno G, Boito R, Natale G, Cicchetti T, Chippari A, Logozzo D, Alati G, Cassani S, Sellaro A, D'arrigo G, Tripepi G, Roberta A, Postorino M, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Buonanno E, Brancaccio S, Fimiani V, Napolitano P, Spadola R, Morrone L, DI Iorio B, Russo D, Betriu A, Martinez-Alonso M, Vidal T, Valdivielso J, Fernandez E, Bernadette F, Jean-Baptiste B, Frimat L, Madala ND, Thusi GP, Sibisi N, Mazibuko BG, Assounga AGH, Tsai NC, Wang HH, Chen YC, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Branco P, Adragao T, Birne R, Martins AR, Vizinho R, Gaspar A, Grilo MJ, Barata JD, Bonhorst D, Adragao P, Kim JS, Yang JW, Kim MK, Choi SO, Han BG, Nathalie N, Sunny E, Glorieux G, Daniela B, Fellype B, Sophie L, Horst D L, Ziad M, Raymond V, Yanai M, Okada K, Takeuchi K, Nitta K, Takahashi S, Morena M, Jaussent I, Halkovich A, Dupuy AM, Bargnoux AS, Chenine L, Leray-Moragues H, Klouche K, Vernhet H, Canaud B, Cristol JP, Shutov A, Serov V, Kuznetsova J, Menzorov M, Serova D, Petrescu L, Zugravu A, Capusa C, Stancu S, Cinca S, Anghel C, Timofte D, Medrihan L, Ionescu D, Mircescu G, Hsu TW, Kuo KL, Hung SC, Tarng DC, Lee S, Kim I, Lee D, Rhee H, Song S, Seong E, Kwak I, Holzmann M, Gardell C, Jeppsson A, Sartipy U, Solak Y, Yilmaz MI, Caglar K, Saglam M, Yaman H, Sonmez A, Unal HU, Gok M, Gaipov A, Kayrak M, Eyileten T, Turk S, Vural A, DI Lullo L, Floccari F, Rivera R, Granata A, D'amelio A, Logias F, Otranto G, Malaguti M, Santoboni A, Fiorini F, Connor T, Oygar D, Nitsch D, Gale D, Steenkamp R, Neild GH, Maxwell P, Louise Hogsbro I, Redal-Baigorri B, Sautenet B, Halimi JM, Caille A, Goupille P, Giraudeau B, Solak Y, Yilmaz MI, Caglar K, Saglam M, Yaman H, Unal HU, Gok M, Oguz Y, Gaipov A, Yenicesu M, Cetinkaya H, Eyileten T, Turk S, Vural A, Chen YC, Wang HH, Tsai NC, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Ishimoto Y, Ohki T, Sugahara M, Kanemitsu T, Kobayashi M, Uchida L, Kotera N, Tanaka S, Sugimoto T, Mise N, Miyazaki N, Matsumoto J, Murata I, Yoshida G, Morishita K, Ushikoshi H, Nishigaki K, Ogura S, Minatoguchi S, Harvey R, Harvey R, Ala A, Banerjee D, Farmer C, Irving J, Hobbs H, Wheeler T, Klebe B, Stevens P, Selim G, Selim G, Stojceva-Taneva O, Tozija L, Stojcev N, Gelev S, Dzekova-Vidimliski P, Pavleska S, Sikole A, Qureshi AR, Evans M, Stendahl M, Prutz KG, Elinder CG, Tamagaki K, Kado H, Nakata M, Kitani T, Ota N, Ishida R, Matsuoka E, Shiotsu Y, Ishida M, Mori Y, Christelle M, Rognant N, Evelyne D, Sophie F, Laurent J, Maurice L, Silverwood R, Pierce M, Kuh D, Savage C, Ferro C, Nitsch D, Moniek DG, De Goeij M, Nynke H, Gurbey O, Joris R, Friedo D, Clayton P, Grace B, Cass A, Mcdonald S, Lorenzo V, Martin Conde M, Betriu A, Dusso A, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E, Roggeri DP, Cannella G, Cozzolino M, Mazzaferro S, Messa P, Brancaccio D, De Souza Faria R, Fernandes N, Lovisi J, Moura Marta M, Reboredo M, Do Vale Pinheiro B, Bastos M, Hundt F, Hundt F, Pabst S, Hammerstingl C, Gerhardt T, Skowasch D, Woitas R, Lopes AA, Silva LF, Matos CM, Martins MS, Silva FA, Lopes GB, Pizzarelli F, Dattolo P, Tripepi G, Michelassi S, Rossi C, Bandinelli S, Mieth M, Mass R, Ferrucci L, Zoccali C, Parisi S, Arduino S, Attini R, Fassio F, Biolcati M, Pagano A, Bossotti C, Ferraresi M, Gaglioti P, Todros T, Piccoli GB, Salgado TM, Arguello B, Benrimoj SI, Fernandez-Llimos F, Bailey P, Tomson C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Santoro A, Rucci P, Mandreoli M, Caruso F, Corradini M, Flachi M, Gibertoni D, Rigotti A, Russo G, Fantini M, Mahapatra HS, Choudhury S, Buxi G, Sharma N, Gupta Y, Sekhar V, Mahapatra HS, Choudhury S, Buxi G, Sharma N, Gupta Y, Sekhar V, Yanagisawa N, Ando M, Ajisawa A, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Janusz O, Mikolaj M, Jacek M, Boleslaw R, Prakash S, Coffin R, Schold J, Einstadter D, Stark S, Rodgers D, Howard M, Sehgal A, Stevens P, Irving J, Wheeler T, Klebe B, Farmer C, Palmer S, Tong A, Manns B, Craig J, Ruospo M, Gargano L, Strippoli G, Ruospo M, Palmer S, Vecchio M, Gargano L, Petruzzi M, De Benedictis M, Pellegrini F, Strippoli G, Ohno Y, Ishimura E, Naganuma T, Kondo K, Fukushima W, Mui K, Inaba M, Hirota Y, Sun X, Sun X, Jiang S, Gu H, Chen Y, XI C, Qiao X, Chen X, Daher E, Junior GS, Jacinto CN, Pimentel RS, Aguiar GBR, Lima CB, Borges RC, Mota LPC, Melo JVL, Melo SA, Canamary VT, Alves M, Araujo SMHA, Chen YC, Hung CC, Huang YK, Tsai NC, Wang HH, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Rogacev K, Cremers B, Zawada A, Seiler S, Binder N, Ege P, Grosse-Dunker G, Heisel I, Hornof F, Jeken J, Rebling N, Ulrich C, Scheller B, Bohm M, Fliser D, Heine GH, Robinson B, Wang M, Bieber B, Fluck R, Kerr PG, Wikstrom B, Krishnan M, Nissenson A, Pisoni RL, Mykleset S, Osthus TB, Waldum B, Os I, Buttigieg J, Buttigieg J, Cassar A, Farrugia Agius J, Redal-Baigorri B, Hara M, Ando M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Yamato M, Yasuda K, Sasaki K. Clinical Nephrology - Epidemiology II. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Harrington KJ, Hingorani M, Tanay MA, Hickey J, Bhide SA, Clarke PM, Renouf LC, Thway K, Sibtain A, McNeish IA, Newbold KL, Goldsweig H, Coffin R, Nutting CM. Phase I/II study of oncolytic HSV GM-CSF in combination with radiotherapy and cisplatin in untreated stage III/IV squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4005-15. [PMID: 20670951 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to define the recommended dose of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF, an oncolytic herpes simplex type-1 virus (HSV-1) encoding human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), for future studies in combination with chemoradiotherapy in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with stage III/IVA/IVB SCCHN received chemoradiotherapy (70 Gy/35 fractions with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 22, and 43) and dose-escalating (10(6), 10(6), 10(6), 10(6) pfu/mL for cohort 1; 10(6), 10(7), 10(7), 10(7) for cohort 2; 10(6), 10(8), 10(8), 10(8) for cohort 3) JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF by intratumoral injection on days 1, 22, 43, and 64. Patients underwent neck dissection 6 to 10 weeks later. Primary end points were safety and recommended dose/schedule for future study. Secondary end points included antitumor activity (radiologic, pathologic). Relapse rates and survival were also monitored. RESULTS Seventeen patients were treated without delays to chemoradiotherapy or dose-limiting toxicity. Fourteen patients (82.3%) showed tumor response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and pathologic complete remission was confirmed in 93% of patients at neck dissection. HSV was detected in injected and adjacent uninjected tumors at levels higher than the input dose, indicating viral replication. All patients were seropositive at the end of treatment. No patient developed locoregional recurrence, and disease-specific survival was 82.4% at a median follow-up of 29 months (range, 19-40 months). CONCLUSIONS JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF combined with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is well tolerated in patients with SCCHN. The recommended phase II dose is 10(6), 10(8), 10(8), 10(8). Locoregional control was achieved in all patients, with a 76.5% relapse-free rate so far. Further study of this approach is warranted in locally advanced SCCHN.
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Wong J, Kelly K, Mittra A, Gonzalez SJ, Song KY, Simpson G, Coffin R, Fong Y. A third-generation herpesvirus is effective against gastroesophageal cancer. J Surg Res 2010; 163:214-20. [PMID: 20538290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths and is uniformly fatal in patients presenting with metastases and recurrence. This study sets out to determine the effect of a third-generation, replication-competent, oncolytic herpes simplex type 1 virus containing transgenes encoding for a fusogenic membrane glycoprotein and Fcy::Fur, against gastroesophageal cancer. METHODS The cytotoxic effect of the virus was tested on human gastroesophageal cancer cell lines OCUM-2MD3, MKN-45, AGS, MKN-1, MKN-74, and BE-3 at sequential multiplicities of infection (MOI). Cytotoxicity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Viral replication was tested by serially diluting supernatants from viral infections and titering on VERO cells via standard plaque assay. Correlations of cytotoxicity and viral replication were also investigated. RESULTS All cell lines were susceptible to viral infection and demonstrated a dose-dependent effect, with greater and faster cytotoxicity at higher MOIs. Viral replication was supported in the cell lines tested, with peak titers by d 5, some supporting as high as >40,000× amplification. Cell lines with longer doubling times (>30 h) also achieved higher viral titers at a MOI of 0.1. Cell lines with shorter doubling times achieved 50% cell kill in fewer days, with an average of 2.3 d for cell lines with doubling times under 30 h compared with 4.4 d for cell lines with doubling times over 30 h. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this third-generation oncolytic herpesvirus can effectively infect and lyse gastroesophageal cancer cells and may provide a novel therapy against gastroesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Mittra A, Wong J, Kelly K, Gonzalez S, Song K, Simpson G, Coffin R, Fong Y. A Third-Generation Herpes Virus Is Effective against Gastroesophageal Cancer. J Surg Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Senzer NN, Kaufman HL, Amatruda T, Nemunaitis M, Reid T, Daniels G, Gonzalez R, Glaspy J, Whitman E, Harrington K, Goldsweig H, Marshall T, Love C, Coffin R, Nemunaitis JJ. Phase II Clinical Trial of a Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Encoding, Second-Generation Oncolytic Herpesvirus in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5763-71. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.24.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeTreatment options for metastatic melanoma are limited. We conducted this phase II trial to assess the efficacy of JS1/34.5-/47-/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in stages IIIc and IV disease.Patients and MethodsTreatment involved intratumoral injection of up to 4 mL of 106pfu/mL of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF followed 3 weeks later by up to 4 mL of 108pfu/mL every 2 weeks for up to 24 treatments. Clinical activity (by RECIST [Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors]), survival, and safety parameters were monitored.ResultsFifty patients (stages IIIc, n = 10; IVM1a, n = 16; IVM1b, n = 4; IVM1c, n = 20) received a median of six injection sets; 74% of patients had received one or more nonsurgical prior therapies for active disease, including dacarbazine/temozolomide or interleukin-2 (IL-2). Adverse effects were limited primarily to transient flu-like symptoms. The overall response rate by RECIST was 26% (complete response [CR], n = 8; partial response [PR], n = 5), and regression of both injected and distant (including visceral) lesions occurred. Ninety-two percent of the responses had been maintained for 7 to 31 months. Ten additional patients had stable disease (SD) for greater than 3 months, and two additional patients had surgical CR. On an extension protocol, two patients subsequently achieved CR by 24 months (one previously PR, one previously SD), and one achieved surgical CR (previously PR). Overall survival was 58% at 1 year and 52% at 24 months.ConclusionThe 26% response rate, with durability in both injected and uninjected lesions including visceral sites, together with the survival rates, are evidence of systemic effectiveness. This effectiveness, combined with a limited toxicity profile, warrants additional evaluation of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF in metastatic melanoma. A US Food and Drug Administration–approved phase III investigation is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil N. Senzer
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Howard L. Kaufman
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Thomas Amatruda
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Mike Nemunaitis
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Tony Reid
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Gregory Daniels
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Rene Gonzalez
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - John Glaspy
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Eric Whitman
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Kevin Harrington
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Howard Goldsweig
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Tracey Marshall
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Colin Love
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - Robert Coffin
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
| | - John J. Nemunaitis
- From the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers; Texas Oncology Physicians Association; and Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, TX; Columbia University, Department of Surgery, New York, NY; Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center, Robbinsdale, MN; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla; and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, NJ; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and BioVex, Woburn, MA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C. Welch
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Robert Coffin
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Jeff Peet
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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23
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St-Onge R, Goyer C, Coffin R, Filion M. Genetic diversity of Streptomyces spp. causing common scab of potato in eastern Canada. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 31:474-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Leclere PG, Norman E, Groutsi F, Coffin R, Mayer U, Pizzey J, Tonge D. Impaired axonal regeneration by isolectin B4-binding dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. J Neurosci 2007; 27:1190-9. [PMID: 17267575 PMCID: PMC6673184 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5089-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The subpopulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons recognized by Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4) differ from other neurons by expressing receptors for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) rather than neurotrophins. Additionally, IB4-labeled neurons do not express the laminin receptor, alpha7-integrin (Gardiner et al., 2005), necessary for optimal axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. In cultures of dissociated DRG neurons of adult mice on laminin, robust spontaneous neurite outgrowth from IB4-negative neurons occurs and is strongly enhanced by previous axotomy. In contrast, IB4-labeled neurons show little neurite outgrowth and do not express GAP 43, even after axotomy or culture with GDNF. Moreover, growth of their axons through collagen gels is impaired compared with other DRG neurons. To determine whether the sparse neurite outgrowth of IB4-labeled neurons is attributable to lack of integrin expression, DRG cultures were infected with a herpes simplex 1 vector encoding alpha7-integrin, but its forced expression failed to promote neurite outgrowth in either IB4-labeled or other DRG neurons or in cultured adult retinal ganglion cells. Forced coexpression of both alpha7-integrin and GAP 43 also failed to promote neurite outgrowth in IB4-labeled neurons. In addition, cultured sciatic nerve segments were found to release much lower levels of GDNF, demonstrated by ELISA, than nerve growth factor. These findings together with their impaired intrinsic axonal regeneration capacity may contribute to the known vulnerability of the IB4-labeled population of DRG neurons to peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal G. Leclere
- The Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Norman
- The Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Filitsa Groutsi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom, and
| | - Robert Coffin
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ulrike Mayer
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR14 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - John Pizzey
- The Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - David Tonge
- The Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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25
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Robinson M, Parsons Perez MC, Tébar L, Palmer J, Patel A, Marks D, Sheasby A, De Felipe C, Coffin R, Livesey FJ, Hunt SP. FLRT3 is expressed in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury and regulates neurite outgrowth. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 27:202-14. [PMID: 15485775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a molecular screen to identify genes upregulated in regenerating adult rat dorsal root ganglion cells. FLRT3 mRNA and protein characterized by a fibronectin type III domain and a leucine-rich repeat motif was upregulated in damaged sensory neurons. The protein was then transported into their peripheral and central processes where the FLRT3 protein was localized to presynaptic axon terminals. In vitro, the FLRT3 protein was expressed at the cell surface, regulated neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons, but did not exhibit homophilic binding. FLRT3 was widely expressed in the developing embryo, particularly in the central nervous system and somites. However, in the adult, we found no evidence for accumulation or reexpression of the FLRT3 protein in damaged axons of the central nervous system. We conclude that FLRT3 codes for a putative cell surface receptor implicated in both the development of the nervous system and in the regeneration of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robinson
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
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26
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Reay PA, Yi-Sun M, Liu B, McGrath Y, Wakeling M, John J, Turnbull E, Thomas S, Coffin R. ImmunoVEX ex vivo: A herpes simplex virus-based, dendritic cell-mediated anti-cancer vaccine platform. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Reay
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - M. Yi-Sun
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - B. Liu
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Y. McGrath
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wakeling
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - J. John
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - E. Turnbull
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - S. Thomas
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - R. Coffin
- BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
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27
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Hu JC, Hallden G, Shorrock C, Simpson G, Coffin R, Kamalati T, Coombes C. Combination of a second generation genetically modified herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) with paclitaxel in the treatment of breast cancer in vitro. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Hu
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - G. Hallden
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - C. Shorrock
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - G. Simpson
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - R. Coffin
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - T. Kamalati
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - C. Coombes
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
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28
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Patel Y, Collaco Moraes Y, Latchman D, Coffin R, de Belleroche J. Neuroprotective effects of copper/zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase against a wide variety of death-inducing stimuli and proapoptotic effect of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutations. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002; 109:189-97. [PMID: 12531528 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase plays a key role in cell protection against the damaging effects of superoxide. Mutations in the copper/zinc dependent intracellular form of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are associated with a subset of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). In this study we have investigated the effects of over-expressing wild-type SOD1 and two mutant forms of SOD1 found in FALS, G93A and G93R, on cell survival using stably transfected neuronal cells. G93R is associated with early age of onset and severely reduced erythrocyte SOD1 enzyme activity. Overexpression of wild-type SOD1 in ND7 cells significantly enhanced cell survival and reduced apoptosis after serum deprivation. Conversely, cells expressing the G93R mutation of SOD1 exhibited significantly increased cell death and increased number of TUNEL-positive cells, having a more profound effect than G93A SOD1 expressing cells, thus reflecting the relative clinical severity of these mutations. The effects of three further apoptotic and nonapoptotic death-inducing paradigms were investigated, hypoxia with reperfusion, staurosporine and gamma-interferon induced cell death. With each paradigm, cell death was significantly reduced by overexpression of wild-type SOD1 and increased by overexpression of the SOD1 mutations G93A and G93R. We further used these SOD1 constructs to develop a virus expressing either wild type SOD1 or the SOD1 mutant G93R and found a similar protective effect against serum withdrawal following infection with an HSV vector expressing wild-type SOD1 which offers a potential tool for neuroprotective gene delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Patel
- Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
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29
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Abstract
The expression of mRNA for Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) in unoperated adult rats and mice, and rats with nerve grafts placed in the thalamus and cerebellum to stimulate axonal regeneration, was investigated by in situ hybridization. NgR was strongly expressed in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdaloid nuclei and dorsal thalamus and moderately expressed in the red nucleus and vestibular nuclei. NgR mRNA was expressed in cerebellar deep nuclei and more strongly by granule cells than by Purkinje cells. Large regions of the forebrain, including the striatum, thalamic reticular nucleus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain showed little or no NgR expression. NgR was weakly expressed in spinal neurons and some primary sensory neurons. Nerve implantation into the brain did not affect NgR expression. Some regeneration-competent neurons expressed NgR but others did not. Thus NgR expression was not correlated with the ability of neurons to regenerate axons into nerve grafts although Nogo-66 was strongly upregulated by some cells in the distal stumps of injured sciatic nerves. Nogo-66 transcripts were strongly expressed by many classes of CNS neurons and less strongly in white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hunt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, The Windeyer Institute, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom.
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30
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Singh RP, Nie X, Singh M, Coffin R, Duplessis P. Sodium sulphite inhibition of potato and cherry polyphenolics in nucleic acid extraction for virus detection by RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2002; 99:123-31. [PMID: 11684310 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from plant tissues inhibit reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Multiple-step protocols using several additives to inhibit polyphenolic compounds during nucleic acid extraction are common, but time consuming and laborious. The current research highlights that the inclusion of 0.65 to 0.70% of sodium sulphite in the extraction buffer minimizes the pigmentation of nucleic acid extracts and improves the RT-PCR detection of Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers and Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) in leaves and bark in the sweet cherry (Prunus avium) tree. Substituting sodium sulphite in the nucleic acid extraction buffer eliminated the use of proteinase K during extraction. Reagents phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-Tween 20 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were also no longer required during RT or PCR phase. The resultant nucleic acid extracts were suitable for both duplex and multiplex RT-PCR. This simple and less expensive nucleic acid extraction protocol has proved very effective for potato cv. Russet Norkotah, which contains a high amount of polyphenolics. Comparing commercially available RNA extraction kits (Catrimox and RNeasy), the sodium sulphite based extraction protocol yielded two to three times higher amounts of RNA, while maintaining comparable virus detection by RT-PCR. The sodium sulphite based extraction protocol was equally effective in potato tubers, and in leaves and bark from the cherry tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 20280, NB, E3B 4Z7, Fredericton, Canada.
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31
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Aronoff GR, Coffin R, Stark S, Wish J. NephTrak and the Renal Network Data System (TRNDS). Nephrol News Issues 2001; 15:31, 34-5. [PMID: 12098991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Aronoff
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
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32
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Sehgal AR, Coffin R, Cain JA. Use of transplant status codes to monitor access to kidney transplantation. Adv Ren Replace Ther 2000; 7:S40-4. [PMID: 11053586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The kidney transplantation process involves a series of steps related to interest in transplantation, medical suitability, pretransplant workup, and eventual transplantation. We developed transplant status codes to monitor the progress of dialysis patients in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois as they move through these steps. Of the first 2,137 dialysis patients monitored with these new codes, 29% were interested in receiving a transplant, 31% were medically suitable to receive a kidney transplant, 15% had completed a pretransplant workup, 13% were on a cadaveric transplant waiting list, and 2% were awaiting a living-related transplant. Examination of these steps by gender showed differences in interest (men 32% v women 26%, P =.01) and medical suitability (men 33% v women 28%, P =.01). The proportion of patients successfully completing each step differed across facilities. In conclusion, transplant status codes are a useful method to monitor access to transplantation. As part of a facility-specific quality improvement program, such codes may be used to develop targeted interventions to help patients move through the transplant process as expeditiously as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sehgal
- Division of Nephrology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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33
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Sehgal AR, Silver MR, Covinsky KE, Coffin R, Cain JA. Use of standardized ratios to examine variability in hemodialysis vascular access across facilities. Medical Review Board of The Renal Network, Inc. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35:275-81. [PMID: 10676727 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(00)70337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The type of hemodialysis vascular access (catheter, fistula, graft) is an important determinant of patient morbidity and dialysis efficiency. The relative importance of patient versus provider factors in determining type of vascular access is unclear. We sought to develop a quality improvement tool that adjusts for differences in patient characteristics, thereby allowing examination of provider-related variability in types of vascular access used across facilities. We examined 15,339 patients from 216 chronic hemodialysis units in Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois and found that 20% of patients had catheters, 24% had fistulas, and 56% had grafts. Young, male, and white patients were more likely to have fistulas, whereas old, female, and black patients were more likely to have grafts. Diabetics were more likely to have catheters and less likely to have fistulas. New patients were more likely to have catheters and less likely to have grafts. A facility specific standardized catheter ratio (SCR), standardized fistula ratio (SFR), and standardized graft ratio (SGR) were calculated based on the actual number of patients with each type of vascular access divided by the expected number adjusted for patient characteristics. Facility SCRs ranged from 0.00 to 2.87. Of the 216 facilities, 38 (18%) had an SCR significantly less than 1.00, and 32 (15%) had an SCR significantly greater than 1.00. Similar variability was observed in SFRs and SGRs. In conclusion, the type of vascular access varies greatly across facilities. Use of standardized access ratios adjusted for patient characteristics may help providers examine processes of care that contribute to variability in access use. Analogous to the standardized mortality ratio, the SCR, SFR, and SGR should be effective quality improvement tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sehgal
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109-1998, USA.
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34
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Brownlees J, Gough G, Thomas S, Watts P, Cohen J, Coffin R, Latchman DS. Distinct responses of the herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus immediate early promoters to the cellular transcription factors Brn-3a and Brn-3b. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1999; 31:451-61. [PMID: 10224669 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(98)00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The related viruses herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) show distinct but related patterns of latent infection and reactivation in human sensory ganglia. The cellular POU family transcription factors Brn-3a and Brn-3b are expressed in sensory ganglia and bind to the TAATGARAT (R stands for purine) regulatory motifs in the immediate-early gene promoters of these viruses. We show that Brn-3a activates the full length HSV IE1 promoter whereas Brn-3b represses its activity. In contrast both Brn-3a and Brn-3b activate the full length VZV IE promoter. The response of the full length VZV promoter to Brn-3b is not observed with a minimal VZV immediate-early promoter lacking any TAATGARAT elements and cannot be restored by addition of either the upstream TAATGARAT-containing region of the HSV IE promoter or a VZV TAATGARAT-like element to this minimal promoter. The unique effect of Brn-3b on the full length VZV immediate early gene promoter may play a key role in the distinct pattern of latent infection and reactivation observed with this virus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brownlees
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, UK
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35
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Daniels-Lake BJ, Prange RK, Kalt W, Liew CL, Walsh J, Dean P, Coffin R. The effects of ozone and 1,8-cineole on sprouting, fry color and sugars of stored Russet Burbank potatoes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02849670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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37
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Novick LF, Jillson D, Coffin R, Freedman M. The Vermont health risk survey and the design of community wide preventive health programs. J Community Health 1985; 10:67-80. [PMID: 4067008 DOI: 10.1007/bf01326512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A Vermont health risk survey was performed to gain information on health knowledge and behaviors of the population. Telephone interviews with 1,594 individuals ascertained respondents' demographic characteristics, preventive health behaviors, and health knowledge. Risk prevalence was obtained on five health risks: alcohol (12%), smoking (33%), lack of exercise (70%), overweight (39%), and non-use of seatbelts (86%). Low income, less education, and blue collar occupation status were associated with increased risks of smoking, lack of exercise, and non-use of seatbelts. Increased prevalence of certain risks are associated with the 18-24 year old age group; 32% of those males reported an alcohol risk and 94% reported non-use of seatbelts. Combined risk scores were increased in groups with low income, less education, and blue collar occupations. These variations in health behaviors by social group were not explained by differences in health knowledge. Design of primary prevention activities needs to be community wide, utilize information on the epidemiology of health behaviors, influence diverse community groups and intervene before risk behaviors are established.
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Morville P, Mauran P, Motte J, Digeon B, Coffin R. [Fetal torsades de pointe and the long QT syndrome]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1985; 78:781-4. [PMID: 3925923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of pregnancy interrupted by caesarian section at 38 weeks' gestation for attacks of fetal ventricular tachycardia. The recording of a long QT interval at birth indicated a diagnosis of fetal torsades de pointe. These attacks recurred 2 hours after birth leading to cardiac arrest. The arrhythmia was immediately controlled by betablockers therapy. The diagnostic, epidemiological and physiopathological features of the long QT syndrome are reviewed. The links with maturation of the sympathetic nervous system are recalled. Finally, a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is proposed, based on the results of fetal echocardiography.
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Coffin R. Sexual behavior in a group of captive young gorillas. Bol Estud Med Biol 1978; 30:65-9. [PMID: 756263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Estrada A, Perper T, Coffin R. The predatory activities of free-ranging stumptail macaques. Bol Estud Med Biol 1978; 30:49-64. [PMID: 115483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Estrada A, Trejo W, Velarde E, Ellefson J, Coffin R. [Sketch of the habits of the howling monkey (Allouatta sp.) and report of the preliminary study of this primate in the tropical biological station of "Los Tuxtlas" Veracruz, Mexico]. Bol Estud Med Biol 1977; 29:401-17. [PMID: 115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Coffin R. The interrelationships of dominance hierarchy and spatial behavior in preschool children. Bol Estud Med Biol 1977; 29:395-400. [PMID: 756262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Initiation of stem callus cultures on a nutrient medium with either 3% sucrose and (or) 3% sorbitol as carbon source was attempted with 17 species selected from the following genera of the Rosaceae: Amelanchier, two spp.; Crataegus, one sp.; Malus, one sp.; Prunus, nine spp.; Pyrus, one sp.; Sorbus, two spp.; and Spiraea, one sp. In the case of Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (crabapple), sucrose and sorbitol media were equally effective in callus initiation, and equal growth was maintained on these media. Callus of Spiraea vanhouttei was initiated only on sucrose medium and no callus of Prunus tenella formed on either medium. With all other species, callus was initiated and (or) gave better growth on further subculture on sucrose than on sorbitol medium, except for Prunus persica (peach), which grew better on sorbitol.
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Jacotot T, Roussel B, Leroux B, Potron G, Droulle C, Coffin R. [Thrombosis of the renal veins in a premature infant. Treatment with heparin and urokinase]. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 1976; 23:97-100. [PMID: 16104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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45
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Jacotot T, Leroux B, Daoud S, Mesmin F, Coffin R. [Prenatal obstruction of the left hypogastric artery]. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 1976; 23:101-4. [PMID: 16104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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46
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Ferrand O, Rose JP, Leroux B, Coffin R, Carquin J, Croix JC. [Proceedings: Diarrhea epidemics caused by echovirus 11 in a nursery for premature infants]. Pediatrie 1975; 30:542. [PMID: 1178289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Leroux B, Mesmin F, Morville P, Chevallier D, Behar C, Ferrand O, Potron G, Coffin R. [Proceedings: Disorders of hemostasis and respiratory distress in the newborn infant: hyaline membrane disease and transient respiratory distress]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1975; 32:300. [PMID: 1225255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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48
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Potron G, Gérard M, Fréal C, Coffin R, Leroux B. [Severe neo-natal anemia caused by feto-maternal transfusion. (value of the Kleihauer test)]. Rev Fr Transfus 1971; 14:225-34. [PMID: 5158064 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-2977(71)80039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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Couchot J, Fandre M, Coffin R, Puig MT, Pennaforte F. [Alternate day administration of prednisone in the treatment of various pediatric diseases]. Therapie 1968; 23:919-27. [PMID: 5309616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Fandre M, Dropsy G, Coffin R, Pennaforte F, Bochet J. [Acute viral bronchiolitis in infants]. Pediatrie 1966; 21:545-57. [PMID: 5943514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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