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Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Babu R, Belmont-Moreno E, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Chaparro-Amaro O, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, Diaz Hernandez R, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Durocher M, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fan KL, Fang K, Fernández Alonso M, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Lee J, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Malone K, Martinez O, Martínez-Castro J, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Olivera-Nieto L, Omodei N, Pérez Araujo Y, Pérez-Pérez EG, Rho CD, Rosa-González D, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Serna-Franco J, Smith AJ, Son Y, Springer RW, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Turner R, Ureña-Mena F, Varela E, Villaseñor L, Wang X, Watson IJ, Willox E, Yun-Cárcamo S, Zhou H, de León C, Beacom JF, Linden T, Ng KCY, Peter AHG, Zhou B. Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:051201. [PMID: 37595214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detection of a TeV γ-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3σ), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The 0.5-2.6 TeV spectrum is well fit by a power law, dN/dE=A(E/1 TeV)^{-γ}, with A=(1.6±0.3)×10^{-12} TeV^{-1} cm^{-2} s^{-1} and γ=3.62±0.14. The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. However, current theoretical models are unable to explain the details of how solar magnetic fields shape these interactions. HAWC's TeV detection thus deepens the mysteries of the solar-disk emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - R Babu
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Chaparro-Amaro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Fang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Fernández Alonso
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, 64849
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - J Lee
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Malone
- Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Omodei
- Department of Physics, Stanford University: Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
| | - Y Pérez Araujo
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Serna-Franco
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Y Son
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - R Turner
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - F Ureña-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - X Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - I J Watson
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - E Willox
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - S Yun-Cárcamo
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J F Beacom
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Linden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K C Y Ng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - A H G Peter
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - B Zhou
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Shajil C, Sathishkumar D, Babu R, Aboobacker FN. Earlobe Infiltration: A Curious Case of Leukemia Cutis. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2023; 114:T347. [PMID: 36738779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Shajil
- Departamento de Dermatología, Venereología y Leprología, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Sathishkumar
- Departamento de Dermatología, Venereología y Leprología, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Babu
- Departamento de Patología, Christian Medical Collegue, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F N Aboobacker
- Departamento de Hematología, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shajil C, Sathishkumar D, Babu R, Aboobacker FN. INFILTRACIÓN EN EL LÓBULO: UN CASO CURIOSO DE CUTIS LEUCÉMICO. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 2022; 114:347. [PMID: 36273556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Shajil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Sathishkumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Babu
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F N Aboobacker
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rathish B, Wilson A, Warrier A, Babu R, Ahammadunny R, Joy S. Nocardia farcinica ventriculitis and meningitis in an immunocompromised man with Crohn's disease. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51:572-574. [PMID: 34486525 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Rathish
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India
| | - A Wilson
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India.
| | - A Warrier
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India
| | - R Babu
- Dept of Clinical Microbiology, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India
| | - R Ahammadunny
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India
| | - S Joy
- Dept of Clinical Microbiology, Aster Medcity, Kochi, India
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Subramanian KA, Babu R, Kalkman VJ. Orthetrum erythronigrum sp. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae) from the Great Nicobar Island, India. Zootaxa 2020; 4869:zootaxa.4869.2.4. [PMID: 33311362 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The male and female of Orthetrum erythronigrum sp. nov. are described from Great Nicobar Island and are believed to be endemic to the Nicobar Islands archipelago (holotype ♂, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Great Nicobar Island, Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, N 6.99067, E 93.871363; 01-xii-2018; deposited in ZSI, SRC, Chennai, India). The male of this new species is easily distinguished from other known Orthetrum species by its black abdomen with contrasting crimson belly. Female is distinguished by its large size, the black non-metallic head, black thorax and the red abdomen with a distinct black pattern. Based on field observations and photographs, notes on the life colouration of the mature male and information on the distribution and habitat of this Great Nicobar endemic are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Subramanian
- Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028, Tamil Nadu, India..
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Joshi S, Subramanian KA, Babu R, Sawant D, Kunte K. Three new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from the Western Ghats, India, with taxonomic notes on P. mortoni Fraser, 1922 and rediscovery of P. rufostigma Kimmins, 1958. Zootaxa 2020; 4858:zootaxa.4858.2.1. [PMID: 33056228 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India: P. cyanofemora sp. nov. (wet evergreen forests in Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kollam, Kerala and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu), P. myristicaensis sp. nov. (Myristica swamp at Kathalekan, Shivamogga, Karnataka) and P. sholai sp. nov. (montane sholas of Upper Manalar, Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Theni, Tamil Nadu) are described and illustrated. We compare these three new species with other Protosticta spp. from the Western Ghats based on new material and provide comprehensive differential diagnoses with determination key for males of all species occurring in the Western Ghats. The taxonomic validity of P. mortoni Fraser, 1922 is established with fresh specimens from Hassan, Karnataka, and rediscovery of P. rufostigma Kimmins, 1958 is reported from Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu.
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Key Words
- Odonata, New species, Protosticta, species description, taxonomy, species rediscovery, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, damselfly, diagnosis, endemic species
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Joshi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Rd, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India.
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Kalkman VJ, Babu R, BedjaniČ M, Conniff K, Gyeltshen T, Khan MK, Subramanian KA, Zia A, Orr AG. Checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 2020; 4849:zootaxa.4849.1.1. [PMID: 33056748 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4849.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies occurring in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka is presented. In total 588 (including 559 full species) taxa are known to occur in the region of which 251 taxa (species subspecies) are single country endemics. Recent taxonomic changes relevant to the area are summarized. Sixteen taxa are synonymized and a checklist of all synonyms established since 1950 is provided. Information is given on available larval descriptions including a list of genera present in the region for which no larvae have yet been described. Numerous species occurring in the area are still poorly known and a list of genera for which a revision is urgently needed is provided. The following new synonyms are established: Calicnemia sudhaae Mitra, 1994 = Calicnemia imitans Lieftinck, 1948 syn. nov.; Ceriagrion fallax cerinomelas Lieftinck, 1927 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Ceriagrion fallax pendleburyi Laidlaw, 1931 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Coenagrion kashmirus Chowdhary Das, 1975 = Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907 syn. nov.; Enallagma insula Fraser, 1920 = Aciagrion occidentale Laidlaw, 1919 syn. nov.; Himalagrion pithoragarhicum Sahni, 1964 = Ceriagrion fallax Ris, 1914 syn. nov.; Ischnura bhimtalensis Sahni, 1965 = Ischnura rubilio Selys, 1876 syn. nov.; Onychargia indica Sahni, 1964 = Paracercion calamorum (Ris, 1916) syn. nov.; Anaciaeschna kashmirense Singh Baijal, 1954 = Anaciaeschna martini (Selys, 1897) syn. nov.; Cyclogomphus vesiculosus Selys, 1854 = Cyclogomphus ypsilon Selys, 1954 syn. nov.; Chlorogomphus brittoi Navás, 1934 = Chlorogomphus xanthoptera (Fraser, 1919) syn. nov.; Hylaeothemis indica Fraser, 1946 = Hylaeothemis apicalis Fraser, 1924 syn. nov.; Sympetrum durum Bartenef, 1916 = Sympetrum striolatum commixtum Selys, 1884 syn. nov.; Sympetrum himalayanum Navás, 1934 = Sympetrum hypomelas (Selys, 1884) syn. nov.; Sympetrum haematoneura Fraser, 1924 = Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 syn. nov.; Sympetrum speciosum taiwanum Asahina, 1951 = Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 syn. nov. In addition, Periaeschna lebasi Navás, 1930 is regarded a nomen nudum. The following new combinations are proposed: Onychogomphus acinaces Laidlaw, 1922 is transferred to the genus Melligomphus Chao, 1990 resulting in Melligomphus acinaces (Laidlaw, 1922) comb. nov. Onychogomphus saundersii Selys, 1854 is transferred to the genus Nychogomphus Carle, 1986 resulting in Nychogomphus saundersii (Selys, 1854) comb. nov..
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Kalkman
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands..
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Sarkar A, Mukundan N, Sowndarya S, Dubey VK, Babu R, Lakshmanan V, Rangiah K, Panicker MM, Palakodeti D, Subramanian SP, Subramanian R. Serotonin is essential for eye regeneration in planaria Schmidtea mediterranea. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3198-3209. [PMID: 31529697 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Planaria is an ideal system to study factors involved in regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Little is known about the role of metabolites and small molecules in stem cell maintenance and lineage specification in planarians. Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based quantitative metabolomics, we determined the relative levels of metabolites in stem cells, progenitors, and differentiated cells of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Tryptophan and its metabolic product serotonin are significantly enriched in stem cells and progenitor population. Serotonin biosynthesis in these cells is brought about by a noncanonical enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxylase. Knockdown of Smed-pah leads to complete disappearance of eyes in regenerating planaria, while exogenous supply of serotonin and its precursor rescues the eyeless phenotype. Our results demonstrate a key role for serotonin in eye regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Sarkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Namita Mukundan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai Sowndarya
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Dubey
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rosana Babu
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vairavan Lakshmanan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kannan Rangiah
- Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ramaswamy Subramanian
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Babu R, Vittalraj P, Sundaram S, Shalini S. Pathological changes in ureterovesical and ureteropelvic junction obstruction explained by fetal ureter histology. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:240.e1-240.e7. [PMID: 30850354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The etiology of ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is obscure with an adynamic narrow segment causing the obstruction. In this study, the authors compared interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and collagen-to-muscle ratio (CM ratio) between UVJO, UPJO, and fetal ureters to investigate whether a maturational arrest of the fetal ureter could explain both clinical pathologies. METHODS Group 1 (control) involved specimens of the normal ureter (nephrectomy for trauma/tumor; n = 20), while group 2, specimens of UVJO (n = 14); group 2 was further divided into group 2a, the dilated megaureter above UVJO, and group 2b, UVJO narrow segment; group 3, UPJO narrow segment excised during pyeloplasty (n = 31); and group 4, normal fetal ureters (n = 12). The specimens were analyzed for ICC using immunohistochemistry and CM ratio on Masson's trichrome (stains collagen in blue and muscle in red). RESULTS The median ICC/10 high-power field was 16.1 (8.3) in the normal and 17.3 (7.9) in the dilated segment of the megaureter, with no significant difference, but was significantly less in the narrow segment of UVJO at 4.5 (2.0), narrow segment of UPJO at 5.1 (2.3), and fetal ureter at 5.0 (2.3). The median CM ratio was 0.75 (0.29) in the normal and 0.65 (0.2) in the dilated segment of the megaureter, with no significant difference between them (figure), but was significantly higher in the narrow segment of UVJO at 3.0 (0.8), narrow segment of UPJO at 2.5 (0.71), and fetal ureter at 3.1 (0.61). Overall UVJO, UPJO, and fetal ureter segment had significantly less ICC density and more collagen compared with the normal ureter (P < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney U test). DISCUSSION There are conflicting reports on the etiopathogenesis of UVJO and UPJO, with several authors showing decreased ICC and increased collagen in the narrow segment. In this study, the authors found that the pathological changes at UVJ and UPJ segments resemble fetal ureter morphology. We also found that in fetal ureters, as the gestation progressed, there was an increase in the ICC density/smooth muscle, whereas the collagen content decreased. While the entire ureter has uniform embryological origin, it essentially remains an epithelial tube until the late gestation. The maturational process involves differentiation of smooth muscles cells/ICC to establish the peristaltic machinery required to functionally connect the ureter at both ends. This process, probably, starts at the mid ureter during fetal life and extends toward the UPJ and UVJ, and its failure, probably, results in UPJO or UVJO. The study's limitations are small numbers, and further larger studies are required to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Reseach, Porur, Chennai 600116, India.
| | - P Vittalraj
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Reseach, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - S Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Reseach, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - S Shalini
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Reseach, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Babu R, Venkatachalapathy E, Sai V. Hydronephrosis severity score: an objective assessment of hydronephrosis severity in children-a preliminary report. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:68.e1-68.e6. [PMID: 30392886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The main challenge in the management of antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is to differentiate the one that is likely to resolve from the pathological one. In this study, a new hydronephrosis severity score (HSS), combining ultrasonographic and renographic parameters, has been developed. Hydronephrosis severity score was analyzed with regard to its usefulness in assessing the severity of UPJO, postoperative resolution, and interobserver reliability. METHODS Hydronephrosis severity score was devised with three parameters: differential renal function (DRF), drainage curve pattern, and ultrasonogram grade (Table 1). Hydronephrosis severity score ranges were divided as 0-4, mild; 5-8, moderate; and 9-12, severe and compared with clinical outcomes (resolution, persistence, or surgical intervention) by retrospective case record review of children with unilateral UPJO. Among those who underwent surgery, surgical outcomes were compared with changes in HSS at 6-month follow-up. Hydronephrosis severity score was computed by three observers, and interobserver variability was calculated. RESULTS A total of 125 case records (male:female = 93:32; right:left = 44:81) were analyzed. Among the patients analyzed, none (0/59) with HSS 0-4 warranted surgery, whereas 1 of 35 patients with HSS 5-8 underwent surgery, and all (31/31) with HSS 9-12 underwent surgery (P = 0.001). Overall, hydronephrosis resolved in 65, persisted in 28, and required surgery in 32 patients. Mean (standard deviation) HSS was 2.1 (0.75) in whom it resolved, 6.2 (0.78) in whom it persisted, and 10.2 (0.79) in those who underwent surgery (analysis of variance P = 0.001). Among those who underwent surgery, a better recovery of HSS was noted in younger infants (aged 2-5 months) with higher pre-operative DRF. There was 94.4% median agreement between radiologists and the surgeon (kappa 0.851), indicating a very good interobserver agreement. DISCUSSION Loss of DRF on progressive renograms remains the accepted criterion of significant UPJO although the lost function does not always recover after pyeloplasty. Newer scoring systems keep evolving to predict the need for surgery as well as assess resolution of UPJO, and the study's preliminary report suggests that HSS could turn out to be one such useful tool. In this study, those who deteriorated were the ones with HSS ≥9. One can use this as a criterion and decide on intervention before DRF deterioration. Hydronephrosis severity score could also be applied as an objective parameter for quantifying improvement/deterioration after surgery and comparing outcomes across centers. The drawbacks of the present study are its small size and the retrospective nature. Further prospective studies are required to validate the usefulness of HSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, India.
| | - E Venkatachalapathy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - V Sai
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Hariprasad R, Babu R, Arora S, Mehrotra R. Capacity Building in Cancer Screening Using ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes): Innovative and Cost-Effective Model. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.17500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: Three most common cancers in India are breast, uterine cervix and oral cavity, together accounting for approximately 34% of all cancers. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India has released an operational guidelines for cancer screening last year and has urged all the states to roll out population based cancer screening at various health care levels. As per these guidelines, the existing health care providers (HCPs) at various facilities would be rolling out the population based cancer screening in the country. However, the existing HCPs lack the skills and are not trained in cancer screening. Considering the size of the country, it is neither a feasible nor economically viable to provide in-person training for all cadres of HCPs. The limitation is comprehensively overcome by ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model provides a cost effective way to exponentially expand the capacity to mentor and train these HCPs in cancer screening best practices. ECHO as per the motto to “move knowledge rather than patients or doctors”, uses widely available one to many video-conferencing technology, didactic presentations and case based learning techniques to mentor and support HCPs to implement best practices in the field. In teleECHO clinics expert teams at an academic “hub” partner with willing participants to participate in knowledge networks in which all teach and all learn. Aim: To train the health care providers in cancer screening through technology assisted learning. Strategy/Tactics: A structured training program was designed using ECHO platform for all HCPs in separate batches that included, gynecologists, dentists and community health workers (CHWs), by virtual training to address all issues while they roll out cancer screening in their communities. Program/Policy process: A structured course of 20 week-sessions' virtual (online) cancer screening training program for various cadres of health care providers was undertaken. A typical one hour of ECHO session consisted of 25-30 minutes of didactics by the expert followed by 2 case presentations by the spokes. A “Beginner´s program” was well received by the participants who requested us to take it ahead with “Advanced training program” for specialists. Outcomes: 58 participants completed the course in cancer screening. The pre- and posttraining knowledge evaluation demonstrated a significant increase in the knowledge gained by participants. What was learned: In a resource constrained environment it is feasible to develop a basic curriculum in cancer screening program and train and support, all cadres of HCPs. Rolling out a technology enabled model such as ECHO for teaching and training can enable the development of a population based cancer screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Hariprasad
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - R. Babu
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - S. Arora
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - R. Mehrotra
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
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Philip M, Nguyen HPT, Babu R, Krishnakumar V, Bui THQ. Polyol Synthesis of Zinc Oxide-Graphene Composites: Enhanced Dye- Sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/2405461503666180507124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Philip
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Hieu P. T. Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - R. Babu
- Central Scientific Industrial Research - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630006, India
| | - V. Krishnakumar
- Central Scientific Industrial Research - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630006, India
| | - Thang H. Q. Bui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Boulevard, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of bilateral cataract with posterior vitreous detachment induced by lightning injury. METHODS A case report of 30 year old man injured by lightning. RESULTS The patient developed visually significant bilateral cataract after four years of the initial insult on the scalp. The exit wound was noted on the right foot. Fundus evaluation after cataract extraction revealed posterior vitreous detachment. CONCLUSIONS Lightning can induce various ocular complications. Decrease in vision due to cataract is usually seen years after the initial lightning injury as the initial changes are in the mid-periphery and often missed in the acute setting. Posterior vitreous detachment induced by lightning can rarely lead to retinal tear formation and subsequently retinal detachment. The severity of entry and exit may not give a true picture of the internal organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
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Pahari H, Chaudhary RJ, Thiagarajan S, Raut V, Babu R, Bhangui P, Goja S, Rastogi A, Vohra V, Soin AS. Hepatic Venous and Inferior Vena Cava Morphology No Longer a Barrier to Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Surgical Techniques and Outcomes. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2732-2737. [PMID: 27788809 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) has been reported with <10 inferior vena cava (IVC) replacements with vascular/synthetic graft. The goal of this study was to review outcomes of LDLT for BCS at our center, with an emphasis on surgical techniques and postoperative anticoagulation therapy. METHODS Between October 2011 and December 2015, a total of 1027 LDLTs were performed. Nine of these patients had BCS. We analyzed their etiologies, operative details, postoperative complications, and outcomes. RESULTS The indication was chronic liver disease for all patients. Two patients required retrohepatic IVC replacement with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft due to severe adhesions and thrombosis, respectively. One patient required V-Y plasty for suprahepatic IVC narrowing. Five patients had portal venous thrombosis, 3 treated by thrombectomy, and 1 by renoportal anastomosis. The mean follow-up time was 18 ± 16 months. Only 1 early death occurred due to sepsis. The anticoagulation therapy involved heparin infusion from postoperative day 1, conversion to low-molecular-weight-heparin on postoperative days 3 to 6, followed by warfarin (postoperative days 9-16 to maintain an international normalized ratio of 2-3 long term), along with low-dose aspirin for 6 months. There was no recurrence of thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS LDLT for BCS is well documented in literature. Prevention of recurrent thrombosis depends on meticulous surgical technique, perfect and wide outflow anastomoses, and a strict anticoagulation protocol. A synthetic (polytetrafluoroethylene) graft for IVC interposition is a safe and feasible option for reconstruction with good results. Low-dose aspirin with low-molecular-weight-heparin later converted to warfarin provides excellent results and prevents recurrence of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pahari
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India.
| | - R J Chaudhary
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - S Thiagarajan
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - V Raut
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - R Babu
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - P Bhangui
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - S Goja
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - A Rastogi
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - V Vohra
- Department of Liver Transplant, GI Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
| | - A S Soin
- Medanta Liver Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India
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Vivek BS, Krishna GK, Vengadessan V, Babu R, Zaidi PH, Kha LQ, Mandal SS, Grudloyma P, Takalkar S, Krothapalli K, Singh IS, Ocampo ETM, Xingming F, Burgueño J, Azrai M, Singh RP, Crossa J. Use of Genomic Estimated Breeding Values Results in Rapid Genetic Gains for Drought Tolerance in Maize. Plant Genome 2017; 10. [PMID: 28464061 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2016.07.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of the 19 million ha of maize ( L.) in tropical Asia is rainfed and prone to drought. The breeding methods for improving drought tolerance (DT), including genomic selection (GS), are geared to increase the frequency of favorable alleles. Two biparental populations (CIMMYT-Asia Population 1 [CAP1] and CAP2) were generated by crossing elite Asian-adapted yellow inbreds (CML470 and VL1012767) with an African white drought-tolerant line, CML444. Marker effects of polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined from testcross (TC) performance of F families under drought and optimal conditions. Cycle 1 (C1) was formed by recombining the top 10% of the F families based on TC data. Subsequently, (i) C2[PerSe_PS] was derived by recombining those C1 plants that exhibited superior per se phenotypes (phenotype-only selection), and (ii) C2[TC-GS] was derived by recombining a second set of C1 plants with high genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) derived from TC phenotypes of F families (marker-only selection). All the generations and their top crosses to testers were evaluated under drought and optimal conditions. Per se grain yields (GYs) of C2[PerSe_PS] and that of C2[TC-GS] were 23 to 39 and 31 to 53% better, respectively, than that of the corresponding F population. The C2[TC-GS] populations showed superiority of 10 to 20% over C2[PerSe-PS] of respective populations. Top crosses of C2[TC-GS] showed 4 to 43% superiority of GY over that of C2[PerSe_PS] of respective populations. Thus, GEBV-enabled selection of superior phenotypes (without the target stress) resulted in rapid genetic gains for DT.
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Managamuri U, Ganduri V, Poda S, Babu R, Vijayalakshmi M. Optimization of culture conditions by Response Surface Methodology and Unstructured kinetic modeling for L-Asparaginase production by Pseudonocardia endophytica VUK-10. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2017.70106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Babu R, Hariharasudhan S, Ramesh C. Posterior urethra: Anterior urethra ratio in the evaluation of success following PUV ablation. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:385.e1-385.e5. [PMID: 27344603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are conflicting reports on the criteria with which to determine success following posterior urethral valve (PUV) ablation. The aims of this study were to assess the value of the posterior urethra: anterior urethra ratio (PAR) in predicting successful PUV ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS All neonates and infants with confirmed PUV on voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) were included. Initial PAR was computed by dividing maximum posterior urethral diameter by anterior urethral diameter. Distances were measured by an on-screen distance measurement tool in the Radiology department, to avoid error. Only oblique images with good voiding phases were used for assessment. All patients underwent cystoscopy and PUV ablation using cold knife. Postoperative VCUG and cystoscopy were performed at 3 months follow-up. Success was defined as cystoscopic resolution of obstruction, in addition to biochemical and radiological improvement, and this was compared with PAR findings. An equal number of age-matched control patients who had a normal VCUG (as a part of evaluation of antenatal hydronephrosis) were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 56 patients (median age 15 days, range 3-250 days) were analyzed between 2013 and 2016. The mean PAR was 1.5 (0.42) in controls and 3.42 (0.75) in those with PUV at diagnosis (P = 0.001). In those with successful PUV ablation (n = 51) the mean PAR was 1.8 (0.21), and in those with residual PUV/stricture (n = 5) the mean PAR was 3.16 (0.54). The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Applying the value of mean + 2 SD of successful PUV ablation, an upper limit of PAR >2.2 was proposed to predict failure. Using this cut-off, 4/7 with PAR >2.2 had confirmed failure, while 48/49 with PAR <2.2 had successful resolution (P = 0.001) CONCLUSION: Whenever the posterior urethra is more than 2.2 times the diameter of the anterior urethra (PAR >2.2) on repeat VCUG following a PUV ablation, a cystoscopy check is essential to rule out residual PUV/stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India.
| | - S Hariharasudhan
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - C Ramesh
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
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Babu R, Srinivasan G. On the distribution of Aeshna petalura Martin, 1908 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) in the Indian subcontinent. J Threat Taxa 2016. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.2932.8.7.9034-9037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeshna petalura Martin, is documented for the first time from the high ranges of the eastern Himalaya (above 4,000m) and also a new record from the Tawang Region of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The description of the species along with a distribution range map is also provided. The type locality and distribution within India is also discussed.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To stress the local, regional and global impact of degloving injuries of abdominal wall based on which the surgeon can design the management protocol. METHOD A retrospective series of seven cases who met with high velocity run-over accidents between the year 2002 to 2007. All patients were clinically examined and the findings confirmed radiologically, which guided the management. RESULTS Out of the seven patients treated, six survived. All patients had open degloving injury of abdominal wall and in different areas of the lower limbs, while three had an additional closed degloving in the back, thighs and gluteal regions. All of them had pelvic fractures of various types. Three patients had peritoneal injury, of whom one had additional diaphragmatic injury. None of them had hollow viscus perforation or injury to solid viscera despite the varied severity of injuries to the abdominal wall, pelvic bone and diaphragm. CONCLUSION Degloving injuries of the abdominal wall are rarely encountered in our practice. The associated morbidity and mortality are very high. However, the prognosis can be improved by successful revival and rehabilitation of these patients, which is possible by early resuscitation, recognition of all bony and soft tissue injuries, early debridement and coverage.
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Jyothi M, Usha S, Suchithra B, Sharadamma N, Rai D, Devaraj V, Babu R. Identification and profiling of high temperature responsive miRNAs in French bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2016.40607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aldawsari M, Chougule M, Babu R. Progress in Topical siRNA Delivery Approaches for Skin Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:4594-605. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150911093606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jimson S, Balachader N, Anita N, Babu R. Immunologically mediated oral diseases. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S209-12. [PMID: 26015713 PMCID: PMC4439673 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.155909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune mediated diseases of oral cavity are uncommon. The lesions may be self-limiting and undergo remission spontaneously. Among the immune mediated oral lesions the most important are lichen planus, pemphigus, erythema multiformi, epidermolysis bullosa, systemic lupus erythematosis. Cellular and humoral mediated immunity play a major role directed against epithelial and connective tissue in chronic and recurrent patterns. Confirmatory diagnosis can be made by biopsy, direct and indirect immunoflouresence, immune precipitation and immunoblotting. Therapeutic agents should be selected after thorough evaluation of immune status through a variety of tests and after determining any aggravating or provoking factors. Early and appropriate diagnosis is important for proper treatment planning contributing to better prognosis and better quality of life of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Jimson
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Balachader
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Babu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sekar M, Shekar NC, Babu R, Sahu PC, Sinha A, Upadhyay A, Singh M, Babu KR, Appalakondaiah S, Vaitheeswaran G, Kanchana V. High pressure structural behavior of YGa2: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Reddy B, Babu R, Reddy N, Reddy B. Stereoselective Total Syntheses of Solifenacin and N-Acetyl-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - R. Babu
- Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - N. Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - B. Reddy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Adikavi Nannaya University
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Chowdhary A, Anil Kumar V, Sharma C, Prakash A, Agarwal K, Babu R, Dinesh KR, Karim S, Singh SK, Hagen F, Meis JF. Multidrug-resistant endemic clonal strain of Candida auris in India. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 33:919-26. [PMID: 24357342 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-2027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is a recently described rare agent of fungemia. It is notable for its antifungal resistance. A total of 15 C. auris isolates, originating from seven cases of fungemia, three cases of diabetic gangrenous foot, and one case of bronchopneumonia from a tertiary care hospital in south India, were investigated. All of the 15 isolates were identified by sequencing and 14 of these along with 12 C. auris isolates previously reported from two hospitals in Delhi, north India, two each from Japan and Korea were genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was done by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. Candida auris isolates were misidentified as Candida haemulonii by VITEK. All were resistant to fluconazole [geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 64 μg/ml] and 11 isolates were resistant to voriconazole (MIC ≥1 μg/ml). Forty-seven percent of the C. auris isolates were resistant to flucytosine (MIC ≥64 μg/ml) and 40% had high MIC (≥1 μg/ml) of caspofungin. Breakthrough fungemia developed in 28.6% of patients and therapeutic failure in 4 (66.7%) patients. Interestingly, the 26 Indian C. auris isolates from north and south India were clonal and phenotypically and genotypically distinct from Korean and Japanese isolates. The present study demonstrates that C. auris is a potential emerging pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of human mycotic infections. The prevalence of a C. auris endemic clonal strain resistant to azoles and other antifungals in Indian hospitals with high rates of therapeutic failure in cases of fungemia is worrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India,
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Crossa J, Pérez P, Hickey J, Burgueño J, Ornella L, Cerón-Rojas J, Zhang X, Dreisigacker S, Babu R, Li Y, Bonnett D, Mathews K. Genomic prediction in CIMMYT maize and wheat breeding programs. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 112:48-60. [PMID: 23572121 PMCID: PMC3860161 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) has been implemented in animal and plant species, and is regarded as a useful tool for accelerating genetic gains. Varying levels of genomic prediction accuracy have been obtained in plants, depending on the prediction problem assessed and on several other factors, such as trait heritability, the relationship between the individuals to be predicted and those used to train the models for prediction, number of markers, sample size and genotype × environment interaction (GE). The main objective of this article is to describe the results of genomic prediction in International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center's (CIMMYT's) maize and wheat breeding programs, from the initial assessment of the predictive ability of different models using pedigree and marker information to the present, when methods for implementing GS in practical global maize and wheat breeding programs are being studied and investigated. Results show that pedigree (population structure) accounts for a sizeable proportion of the prediction accuracy when a global population is the prediction problem to be assessed. However, when the prediction uses unrelated populations to train the prediction equations, prediction accuracy becomes negligible. When genomic prediction includes modeling GE, an increase in prediction accuracy can be achieved by borrowing information from correlated environments. Several questions on how to incorporate GS into CIMMYT's maize and wheat programs remain unanswered and subject to further investigation, for example, prediction within and between related bi-parental crosses. Further research on the quantification of breeding value components for GS in plant breeding populations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crossa
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, Mexico
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Mitra T, Babu R, Subramanian K. Anax panybeus Hagen, 1867: an addition to the Odonata (Aeshnidae) of India. J Threat Taxa 2013. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3210.3682-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Alexandru D, Satyadev R, So W, Lee SH, Lee YS, Hong YK, Kang CS, Rodgers SD, Marascalchi BJ, Strom RG, Riina H, Samadani U, Frempong-Boadu A, Babu R, Sen C, Zagzag D, Anderson MD, Abel TW, Moots PL, Odia Y, Orr BA, Eberhart CG, Rodriguez F, Sweis RT, Lavingia J, Connelly J, Cochran E, van den Bent M, Hartmann C, Preusser M, Strobel T, Dubbink HJ, Kros JM, von Deimling A, Boisselier B, Sanson M, Halling KC, Diefes KL, Aldape K, Giannini C, Rodriguez FJ, Ligon AH, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Rushing EJ, Ligon KL, Vena N, Garcia DI, Douglas Cameron J, Eberhart CG, Raghunathan A, Wani K, Armstrong TS, Vera-Bolanos E, Fouladi M, Gajjar A, Goldman S, Lehman NL, Metellus P, Mikkelsen T, Necesito-Reyes MJT, Omuro A, Packer RJ, Partap S, Pollack IF, Prados MD, Ian Robbins H, Soffietti R, Wu J, Gilbert MR, Aldape KD, Prosniak M, Harshyne LA, Andrews DW, Craig Hooper D, Kagawa N, Hosen N, Kijima N, Hirayama R, Chiba Y, Yamamoto F, Kinoshita M, Hashimoto N, Fujimoto Y, Yoshimine T, Hu J, Nuno M, Patil C, Rudnick J, Phuphanich S, Bannykh S, Chu R, Yu J, Black K, Choi J, Kim D, Shim KW, Kim SH, Kanno H, Nishihara H, Tanaka S, Nishihara H, Yanagi T, Kanno H, Tanaka S, Buczkowicz P, Khuong-Quang DA, Rakopoulos P, Bouffet E, Morrison A, Bartels U, Pfister SM, Jabado N, Hawkins C, Weinberg BD, Newell KL, Kumar P, Wang F, Venneti S, Madden M, Coyne T, Phillips J, Gorovets D, Huse J, Kofler J, Lu C, Tihan T, Sullivan L, Santi M, Judkins A, Thompson C, Perry A, Iorgulescu JB, Laufer I, Hameed M, Lis E, Boland P, Komotar R, Bilsky M, Amato-Watkins AC, Neal J, Rees AD, Davies JS, Hayhurst C, Lu-Emerson C, Snuderl M, Davidson C, Kirkpatrick ND, Huang Y, Duda DG, Ancukiewicz M, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Batchelor TT, Jain RK, Ellezam B, Theeler BJ, Sadighi ZS, Mehta V, Tran MDT, Adesina AM, Puduvalli VK, Bruner JM. CLIN-PATHOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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González-Camacho JM, de los Campos G, Pérez P, Gianola D, Cairns JE, Mahuku G, Babu R, Crossa J. Genome-enabled prediction of genetic values using radial basis function neural networks. Theor Appl Genet 2012; 125:759-71. [PMID: 22566067 PMCID: PMC3405257 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The availability of high density panels of molecular markers has prompted the adoption of genomic selection (GS) methods in animal and plant breeding. In GS, parametric, semi-parametric and non-parametric regressions models are used for predicting quantitative traits. This article shows how to use neural networks with radial basis functions (RBFs) for prediction with dense molecular markers. We illustrate the use of the linear Bayesian LASSO regression model and of two non-linear regression models, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) regression and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) on simulated data and real maize lines genotyped with 55,000 markers and evaluated for several trait-environment combinations. The empirical results of this study indicated that the three models showed similar overall prediction accuracy, with a slight and consistent superiority of RKHS and RBFNN over the additive Bayesian LASSO model. Results from the simulated data indicate that RKHS and RBFNN models captured epistatic effects; however, adding non-signal (redundant) predictors (interaction between markers) can adversely affect the predictive accuracy of the non-linear regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. de los Campos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Ryals Public Health Bldg 443, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - P. Pérez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Edo. de México Mexico
| | - D. Gianola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. E. Cairns
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, México DF, 06600 Mexico
| | - G. Mahuku
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, México DF, 06600 Mexico
| | - R. Babu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, México DF, 06600 Mexico
| | - J. Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, México DF, 06600 Mexico
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Sathian B, Babu R, Sreedharan J, Bhat N, Chandrasekharan N, Rajesh E. SP3-69 Gender, ethnic and food intake differences in the occurrence of overweight in Indian, Nepalese and Srilankan medical students. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976o.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Washington R, Babu R. P5-S6.24 Comprehensive, competent and compassionate care for people living with HIV in coastal Andhra Pradesh. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Babu R. Role of Ayurveda in integrative medicine. Eur J Integr Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2010.09.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Thiruvenkadan A, Karunanithi K, Murugan M, Arunachalam K, Babu R. A comparative study on growth performance of crossbred and purebred Mecheri sheep raised under dry land farming conditions. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v39i1.61325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ghatak S, Chakraborty G, Meikap AK, Woods T, Babu R, Blau WJ. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline/carbon nanotube composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chakraborty G, Ghatak S, Meikap AK, Woods T, Babu R, Blau WJ. Characterization and electrical transport properties of polyaniline and multiwall carbon nanotube composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Babu R, Leat S, Irving E. Size judgments of looming targets: Effect of speed, location and the utilization of eye movements. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Babu R, Sathigari S, Kumar M, Pandit J. Formulation of Controlled Release Gellan Gum Macro Beads of Amoxicillin. Curr Drug Deliv 2010; 7:36-43. [DOI: 10.2174/156720110790396445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Bhardwaj N, Babu R, Behra A. Anaesthetic management of a pregnant patient with Takayasu's disease undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Int J Obstet Anesth 2009; 18:392-5. [PMID: 19665882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the successful anaesthetic management of repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with Takayasu's disease at 14 weeks' gestation. Anaesthesia was managed with combined epidural and general anaesthesia. During the intraoperative period haemodynamic parameters were well maintained. There were no episodes of haemodynamic fluctuations, oxygen desaturation or metabolic acidosis. Aortic cross-clamp time was 105 min, blood loss around 1200 mL, and central venous pressure maintained between 8 and 10 cm H2O. There were no sudden changes in cardiac parameters, base deficit or urine output before or after cross clamping. The patient later delivered a full term, normal fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhardwaj
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
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Subramanian A, Alexander M, Babu R, Krishnan B. Role of prophylactic antibiotics in mandibular fractures—a triple blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.08.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Babu R, Nair SK, Kumar A, Rao HS, Verma P, Gahalain A, Singh IS, Gupta HS. Mapping QTLs for popping ability in a popcorn x flint corn cross. Theor Appl Genet 2006; 112:1392-9. [PMID: 16525839 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Popping expansion volume (PEV) in popcorn (Zea mays L.) is a distinct heritable character and defined as the ratio of the volume after popping to the volume before popping. PEV is quantitatively inherited and 3-4 genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been implicated. In the present study, we have dissected the quantitative PEV into two component traits, viz., flake volume (FV) and percent unpopped kernels (UPK), and mapped QTLs using SSR markers for all three traits with 194 F3 families derived from a popcorn (A-1-6) x flint corn (V273) cross. Heritability (broad sense) estimates for PEV, FV and UPK based on F3 mean bases were 0.72, 0.54 and 0.68, respectively. The QTL analyses for the three traits based on combined environment data were performed by composite interval mapping using QTL cartographer. Four QTLs were identified for PEV on chromosomes 1, 3, 8 and 10, which together explained 62% of the phenotypic variance (sigma2p). Four QTLs were found on chromosomes 1, 5, 9 and 10 for FV (explaining 44% of sigma2p) and five QTLs for UPK on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 9 (explaining 57% of sigma2p). The relative efficiency estimates of marker-based selection in comparison to phenotypic selection for PEV (1.10), FV (1.22) and UPK (1.11) indicated that marker-based selection could be relatively more efficient. The QTL on chromosome 1S for PEV was found to be most significant, where QTLs for hard endosperm starch concentration had been detected earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture (ICAR), 263601, Almora, Uttaranchal, India.
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Babu R, Nair SK, Kumar A, Venkatesh S, Sekhar JC, Singh NN, Srinivasan G, Gupta HS. Two-generation marker-aided backcrossing for rapid conversion of normal maize lines to quality protein maize (QPM). Theor Appl Genet 2005; 111:888-97. [PMID: 16034586 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-005-0011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The low nutritive value of maize endosperm protein is genetically corrected in quality protein maize (QPM), which contains the opaque 2 gene along with numerous modifiers for kernel hardness. We report here a two generation marker-based backcross breeding program for incorporation of the opaque 2 gene along with phenotypic selection for kernel modification in the background of an early maturing normal maize inbred line, V25. Using the flanking marker distances from opaque 2 gene in the cross V 25 xCML 176, optimum population size for the BC(2) generation was computed in such a way that at least one double recombinant could be obtained. Whole genome background selection in the BC(2) generation identified three plants with 93 to 96% recurrent parent genome content. The three BC(2)F(2) families derived from marker identified BC(2) individuals were subjected to foreground selection and phenotypic selection for kernel modification. The tryptophan concentration in endosperm protein was significantly enhanced in all the three classes of kernel modification viz., less than 25%, 25--50% and more than 50% opaqueness. BC(2)F(3) lines developed from the hard endosperm kernels were evaluated for desirable agronomic and biochemical traits in replicated trials and the best line was chosen to represent the QPM version of V25, with tryptophan concentration of 0.85% in protein. The integrated breeding strategy reported here can be applied to reduce genetic drag as well as the time involved in a conventional line conversion program, and would prove valuable in rapid development of specialty corn germ plasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture (ICAR), Almora, Uttaranchal 263601, India.
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Abstract
H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula (H-TOF) and congenital oesophageal stenosis (COS) are both rare anomalies. Only six cases of H-TOF in association with COS have been described in the literature. Characteristically, diagnosis is delayed, often well beyond the neonatal period. We report a patient who was accurately diagnosed on day 12 of life, and outline several of the key clinical dilemmas encountered in managing a neonate with this combination of rare congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Wessex Regional Centre for Paediatric Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Abstract
Renal candidiasis is a rare but well recognised complication of intensive care treatment in neonates. We report a problematic case with obstructing pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) fungal balls that was refractory to standard measures of adequate nephrostomy drainage, pelvic irrigation with amphotericin B, and systemic antifungal treatment. In an attempt to avoid potentially difficult open surgery, a novel treatment using a streptokinase solution (3,000 IU/ml) for irrigation was performed. This was successful in clearing the fungal balls, relieving obstruction and rendering the urine sterile. The present case highlights a potential role for streptokinase in cases of renal candidiasis refractory to current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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Abstract
Although uncommon in children, haemorrhoids are one of the causes of a protruding anal lesion and may be confused with rectal prolapse or prolapse of a rectal polyp. The lesions may not be obvious when the child is anaesthetised because of lack of straining. This may prevent accurate diagnosis and impede identification of the lesion if surgery is being attempted. The authors report 3 cases where a 20 F Foley catheter with 30 ml balloon was inserted rectally and gentle traction applied to reproduce the raised venous pressure generated during straining. On each occasion external haemorrhoids could be demonstrated as the underlying pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
Catheter-related sepsis (CRS) is a major cause of morbidity in patients receiving chemotherapy and prolonged parenteral nutrition. To determine whether avoiding emergency insertions by using a planned elective list and adopting a 'no-touch' technique has a role in reducing CRS, all cuffed central venous catheters inserted by the open method between 1999 and 2000 were prospectively followed for a total duration of 12 months. The incidence of early sepsis (within 30 catheter days) that could be attributed to surgical factors was studied. CRS was defined as the presence of any two of the following: (1) signs of clinical sepsis without an obvious focus; (2) positive cultures in blood obtained from the catheter; and (3) clinical improvement following removal. A total of 146 catheters were inserted in 130 patients; 15 had a second and 1 had a third catheter inserted. Early CRS was encountered in 13 cases (9%); 95 catheters were inserted on an elective list and 51 on an emergency basis. The distributions of age, sex, number of lumens, neutrophil count, and underlying diagnosis were similar between the groups. There was no significant difference (P = 1) between elective (9/95) and emergency (4/51) insertions. A total of 47 catheters were inserted by the 'no-touch' technique and 48 by the manual technique. There was no significant difference in early sepsis (P = 0.7) between the two techniques (6/47 vs 3/48). Thus avoiding emergency insertion or adopting a 'no-touch' technique does not reduce early CRS. Larger prospective studies are warranted to identify surgical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK.
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Babu R, Hutton KAR. Vesicolithiasis associated with posterior urethral valves. BJU Int 2003; 92 Suppl 3:e4. [PMID: 19125462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.02943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Implanted vascular access devices (ports) play a major role in the management of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and many haematological conditions. With the expanding use of ports, new and more frequent complications are being encountered. To retrospectively review the complications associated with ports, the case notes of all patients who underwent insertion of a port between 1997 and 2000 were analysed. Details of the underlying disorder, type of vascular device, nature of use, and complications were recorded; 55 ports were inserted in 41 patients (a second port was required in 12, a third port in 2) during this period. Their underlying diagnoses were CF (11), haemophilia (4), haemolytic anaemias (2), immunological disorders (6), solid neoplasms (8), and leukaemia (10). Thirteen ports (24%) were removed and replaced for various complications: infection (2), blockage (4), leak (2), dislodgement (2), and malposition (3). Including four port-related problems managed conservatively (3 access problems managed by change in access technique; 1 blockage managed by urokinase), the over all complication rate was 31%. Ports thus have a high complication rate with long-term use. Selecting the right port system, proper installation of the port chamber, and efficient handling and maintenance by trained staff could prevent the vast majority of port-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Babu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, BRISTOL, BS2 8BJ, UK; 17, Heath mead, Heath, Cardiff, CF14 3PJ, UK
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