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Winzenried ET, Everett AC, Saito ER, Miller RM, Johnson T, Neal E, Boyce Z, Smith C, Jensen C, Kimball S, Brantley A, Melendez G, Moffat D, Davis E, Aponik L, Crofts T, Dabney B, Edwards JG. Effects of a True Prophylactic Treatment on Hippocampal and Amygdala Synaptic Plasticity and Gene Expression in a Rodent Chronic Stress Model of Social Defeat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11193. [PMID: 37446371 PMCID: PMC10342862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex stress-related disorder induced by exposure to traumatic stress that is characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. While it is widely accepted that brain regions involved in emotional regulation and memory-e.g., the amygdala and hippocampus-are dysregulated in PTSD, the pathophysiology of the disorder is not well defined and therefore, pharmacological interventions are extremely limited. Because stress hormones norepinephrine and cortisol (corticosterone in rats) are heavily implicated in the disorder, we explored whether preemptively and systemically antagonizing β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors with propranolol and mifepristone are sufficient to mitigate pathological changes in synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and anxiety induced by a modified social defeat (SD) stress protocol. Young adult, male Sprague Dawley rats were initially pre-screened for anxiety. The rats were then exposed to SD and chronic light stress to induce anxiety-like symptoms. Drug-treated rats were administered propranolol and mifepristone injections prior to and continuing throughout SD stress. Using competitive ELISAs on plasma, field electrophysiology at CA1 of the ventral hippocampus (VH) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), quantitative RT-PCR, and behavior assays, we demonstrate that our SD stress increased anxiety-like behavior, elevated long-term potentiation (LTP) in the VH and BLA, and altered the expression of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, and glutamate receptors. These measures largely reverted to control levels with the administration of propranolol and mifepristone. Our findings indicate that SD stress increases LTP in the VH and BLA and that prophylactic treatment with propranolol and mifepristone may have the potential in mitigating these and other stress-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna C. Everett
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Erin R. Saito
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Roxanne M. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Eliza Neal
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zachary Boyce
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Calvin Smith
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chloe Jensen
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Spencer Kimball
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam Brantley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Gabriel Melendez
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Devin Moffat
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Erin Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lyndsey Aponik
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Tyler Crofts
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bryson Dabney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Edwards
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Miller RM, Zarka A, Ahmad SF. The Case of the Rare Malformation and Rare Variant: An Infant with a Self-Embolized Torcular Dural Sinus Malformation and a Concomitant Prothrombin Variant. Child Neurol Open 2022; 9:2329048X221140784. [PMID: 36465491 PMCID: PMC9716620 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x221140784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Torcular dural sinus malformations (tDSMs) can occur in the brain during prenatal development. These rare vascular malformations occur in less than 1% of the population but can lead to a poor prognosis secondary to congestive heart failure and hydrocephalus. Many tDSM cases require surgical embolization or coiling to return normal cerebral blood flow and prevent mortality and morbidity. We describe the first case of spontaneous self-embolization of a large torcular dural sinus malformation, possibly due to hypercoagulability from a comorbid prothrombin gene variant. Despite a grim prognosis at birth, the child is alive and thriving at age 3, with only mild speech delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne M Miller
- The Office of Research and Innovation, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Zarka
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samiya F Ahmad
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Miller RM, Marriott D, Trotter J, Hammond T, Lyman D, Call T, Walker B, Christensen N, Haynie D, Badura Z, Homan M, Edwards JG. Running exercise mitigates the negative consequences of chronic stress on dorsal hippocampal long-term potentiation in male mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 149:28-38. [PMID: 29408274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the hippocampus, learning and memory are likely mediated by synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation (LTP). While chronic intermittent stress is negatively correlated, and exercise positively correlated to LTP induction, we examined whether exercise could mitigate the negative consequences of stress on LTP when co-occurring with stress. Mice were divided into four groups: sedentary no stress, exercise no stress, exercise with stress, and sedentary with stress. Field electrophysiology performed on brain slices confirmed that stress alone significantly reduced dorsal CA1 hippocampal LTP and exercise alone increased LTP compared to controls. Exercise with stress mice exhibited LTP that was significantly greater than mice undergoing stress alone but were not different from sedentary no stress mice. An ELISA illustrated increased corticosterone in stressed mice compared to no stress mice. In addition, a radial arm maze was used to examine behavioral changes in memory during 6 weeks of stress and/or exercise. Exercised mice groups made fewer errors in week 2. RT-qPCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of components in the stress and exercise pathways in the four groups. Significant changes in the expression of the following targets were detected: BDNF, TrkB, glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and dopamine 5 receptors. Collectively, exercise can mitigate some of the negative impact stress has on hippocampal function when both occur concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne M Miller
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - David Marriott
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacob Trotter
- Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Tyler Hammond
- Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Dane Lyman
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Timothy Call
- Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bethany Walker
- Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Deson Haynie
- Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zoie Badura
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Morgan Homan
- Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Edwards
- Brigham Young University, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Provo, UT 84602, USA; Brigham Young University, Neuroscience Center, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Miller RM, Price JR, Batty EM, Didelot X, Wyllie D, Golubchik T, Crook DW, Paul J, Peto TEA, Wilson DJ, Cule M, Ip CLC, Day NPJ, Moore CE, Bowden R, Llewelyn MJ. Healthcare-associated outbreak of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: role of a cryptic variant of an epidemic clone. J Hosp Infect 2013; 86:83-9. [PMID: 24433924 PMCID: PMC3924019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background New strains of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be associated with changes in rates of disease or clinical presentation. Conventional typing techniques may not detect new clonal variants that underlie changes in epidemiology or clinical phenotype. Aim To investigate the role of clonal variants of MRSA in an outbreak of MRSA bacteraemia at a hospital in England. Methods Bacteraemia isolates of the major UK lineages (EMRSA-15 and -16) from before and after the outbreak were analysed by whole-genome sequencing in the context of epidemiological and clinical data. For comparison, EMRSA-15 and -16 isolates from another hospital in England were sequenced. A clonal variant of EMRSA-16 was identified at the outbreak hospital and a molecular signature test designed to distinguish variant isolates among further EMRSA-16 strains. Findings By whole-genome sequencing, EMRSA-16 isolates during the outbreak showed strikingly low genetic diversity (P < 1 × 10−6, Monte Carlo test), compared with EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 isolates from before the outbreak or the comparator hospital, demonstrating the emergence of a clonal variant. The variant was indistinguishable from the ancestral strain by conventional typing. This clonal variant accounted for 64/72 (89%) of EMRSA-16 bacteraemia isolates at the outbreak hospital from 2006. Conclusions Evolutionary changes in epidemic MRSA strains not detected by conventional typing may be associated with changes in disease epidemiology. Rapid and affordable technologies for whole-genome sequencing are becoming available with the potential to identify and track the emergence of variants of highly clonal organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J R Price
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - E M Batty
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - X Didelot
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Wyllie
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - T Golubchik
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Paul
- Public Health England, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - T E A Peto
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D J Wilson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Cule
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C L C Ip
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Rajthevee, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C E Moore
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Collaborative Laboratory, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - R Bowden
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M J Llewelyn
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.
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Nuñez de Gonzalez MT, Hafley BS, Boleman RM, Miller RM, Rhee KS, Keeton JT. Qualitative effects of fresh and dried plum ingredients on vacuum-packaged, sliced hams. Meat Sci 2009; 83:74-81. [PMID: 20416628 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Boneless ham muscles (Semimembranosus+Adductor) were injected (20% w/w) with a curing brine containing no plum ingredient (control), fresh plum juice concentrate (FP), dried plum juice concentrate (DP), or spray dried plum powder (PP) at 2.5% or 5%. Hams were cooked, vacuum-packaged, stored at<4°C and evaluated at 2-week intervals over 10 week. Evaluations were performed on sliced product to determine cook loss, vacuum-package purge, Allo-Kramer shear force, 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), proximate analysis, objective color, sensory panel color and sensory attributes. FP, DP and 2.5% PP increased (P<0.05) cook loss by 2% to 7% depending on treatment and level, but the highest cook loss (17.7%) was observed in hams with 5% PP. Shear force values increased as the level of plum ingredient increased (P<0.05) from 2.5% to 5%, and the highest shear values were observed in hams containing 5% FP. There were no differences (P>0.05) in lipid oxidation among treatments as determined by TBARS and sensory evaluation. FP and PP ham color was similar to the control, but DP had a more intense atypical color of cured ham. Minimal changes in physical, chemical and sensory properties were observed during storage of all treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Nuñez de Gonzalez
- Department of Food Technology, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Nueva Esparta, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Isla de Margarita 6301, Venezuela
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Matamala R, Jastrow JD, Miller RM, Garten CT. Temporal changes in C and N stocks of restored prairie: implications for C sequestration strategies. Ecol Appl 2008; 18:1470-1488. [PMID: 18767623 DOI: 10.1890/07-1609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of ecosystem C and N dynamics after disturbance can be a slow process. Chronosequence approaches offer unique opportunities to use space-for-time substitution to quantify the recovery of ecosystem C and N stocks and estimate the potential of restoration practices for C sequestration. We studied the distribution of C and N stocks in two chronosequences that included long-term cultivated lands, 3- to 26-year-old prairie restorations, and remnant prairie on two related soil series. Results from the two chronosequences did not vary significantly and were combined. Based on modeling predictions, the recovery rates of different ecosystem components varied greatly. Overall, C stocks recovered faster than N stocks, but both C and N stocks recovered more rapidly for aboveground vegetation than for any other ecosystem component. Aboveground C and N reached 95% of remnant levels in only 13 years and 21 years, respectively, after planting to native vegetation. Belowground plant C and N recovered several decades later, while microbial biomass C, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N recovered on a century timescale. In the cultivated fields, SOC concentrations were depleted within the surface 25 cm, coinciding with the depth of plowing, but cultivation apparently led to redistribution of soil C, increasing SOC stocks deeper in the soil profile. The restoration of prairie vegetation was effective at rebuilding soil organic matter (SOM) in the surface soil. Accrual rates were maintained at 43 g C x m(-2) x yr(-1) and 3 g N x m(-2) x yr(-1) in the surface 0.16 Mg/m2 soil mass during the first 26 years of restoration and were predicted to reach 50% of their storage potential (3500 g C/m2) in the first 100 years. We conclude that restoration of tallgrass prairie vegetation can restore SOM lost through cultivation and has the potential to sequester relatively large amounts of SOC over a sustained period of time. Whether restored prairies can retain the C apparently transferred to the subsoil by cultivation practices remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matamala
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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Miller RM, Federoff HJ. Isoform-specific effects of ApoE on HSV immediate early gene expression and establishment of latency. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 29:71-7. [PMID: 17101197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common and devastating neurodegenerative disease in which most cases are of unknown, sporadic origin. In addition to age, the most prevalent known risk factor for developing AD is carriage of the epsilon4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Carriage of the epsilon2 or epsilon3 allele of ApoE confers protection or no change in risk for AD, respectively. Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the brain concurrent with ApoE4 carriage exacerbates risk for AD, suggesting that these two factors interact to promote neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in selective brain areas. Indeed, HSV-1 DNA has been found in regions primarily affected by AD, such as the temporal lobes, hippocampus, and neocortex. We hypothesize that HSV-1 infection in the background of ApoE4, but not ApoE2 or ApoE3, promotes an environment more conducive to neuronal degeneration. To investigate this idea, we have utilized transgenic mice that express human ApoE2, 3, or 4 alleles from astrocytes in a murine ApoE -/- background. We find that carriage of the different ApoE alleles dramatically affects HSV-1 immediate early gene expression as well as the establishment of latency. Both of these factors are poised to impact neuronal viability, inflammation, and viral spread. Our data support the concept that HSV-1 and ApoE4 interact to provide an environment conducive to the development and/or spread of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. renee
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Martins APG, Miller RM, Capaldi EJ. Memories and anticipations control responding by rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a Pavlovian procedure. Anim Cogn 2007; 11:59-66. [PMID: 17437140 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-007-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Experiment 1 each rat received two different fixed series of three trials each. The unconditioned stimulus occurred on Trial 1 of one series and on Trial 3 of the other series, all other trials being nonreinforced. Previous Pavlovian investigations have shown that rats can remember the immediately prior reward outcome and anticipate the immediately subsequent reward outcome. Experiment 1 demonstrated that rats could remember and anticipate even more remote reward outcomes. In Experiment 2 two groups received a series of two nonrewarded trials followed by a rewarded trial. It was demonstrated that a change in the conditioned stimulus (CS) from Trial 2 to Trial 3, which occurred in one group, produced weaker responding than in the other group that did not experience such CS change. On the basis of these findings it was suggested that the rats organized the trials of a series into a unit or chunk. This was concluded for two reasons. First, remembering and anticipating remote reward outcomes strongly suggests that responding is being controlled by events extending beyond the current trial. Secondly, the experimental manipulations employed in the Pavlovian situation here are similar to those used in prior human learning and animal instrumental learning investigations concerned with chunking. Thus, it would appear that chunking is a ubiquitous phenomenon appearing in human serial learning (e.g., Bower and Winzenz 1969; Crowder 1976), in animal instrumental learning (e.g., Capaldi 1992; Hulse and Dorsky 1977; Terrace 1987), and now in Pavlovian learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P G Martins
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Liberal Arts, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2081, USA
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Beanlands RSB, Chow BJW, Dick A, Friedrich MG, Gulenchyn KY, Kiess M, Leong-Poi H, Miller RM, Nichol G, Freeman M, Bogaty P, Honos G, Hudon G, Wisenberg G, Van Berkom J, Williams K, Yoshinaga K, Graham J. CCS/CAR/CANM/CNCS/CanSCMR joint position statement on advanced noninvasive cardiac imaging using positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomographic angiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of ischemic heart disease--executive summary. Can J Cardiol 2007; 23:107-19. [PMID: 17311116 PMCID: PMC2650646 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(07)70730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, advanced imaging modalities with excellent diagnostic capabilities have emerged. The aim of the present position statement was to systematically review existing literature to define Canadian recommendations for their clinical use. METHODS A systematic literature review to 2005 was conducted for positron emission tomography (PET), multidetector computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ischemic heart disease. Papers that met the criteria were reviewed for accuracy, prognosis data and study quality. Recommendations were presented to primary and secondary panels of experts, and consensus was achieved. RESULTS Indications for PET include detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) with perfusion imaging, and defining viability using fluorodeoxyglucose to determine left ventricular function recovery and/or prognosis after revascularization (class I). Detection of CAD in patients, vessel segments and grafts using computed tomographic angiography was considered class IIa at the time of the literature review. Dobutamine MRI is class I for CAD detection and, along with late gadolinium enhancement MRI, class I for viability detection to predict left ventricular function recovery. Imaging must be performed at institutions and interpreted by physicians with adequate experience and training. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac imaging using advanced modalities (PET, multidetector computed tomographic angiography and MRI) is useful for CAD detection, viability definition and, in some cases, prognosis. These modalities complement the more widespread single photon emission computed tomography and echocardiography. Given the rapid evolution of technology, initial guidelines for clinical use will require regular updates. Evaluation of their integration in clinical practice should be ongoing; optimal use will require proper training. A joint effort among specialties is recommended to achieve these goals.
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Miller RM, Chen LL, Kiser GL, Giesler TL, Kaysser-Kranich TM, Palaniappan C, Federoff HJ. Temporal evolution of mouse striatal gene expression following MPTP injury. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 26:765-75. [PMID: 15708451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The gradual loss of striatal dopamine and dopaminergic neurons residing in the substantia nigra (SN) causes parkinsonism characterized by slow, halting movements, rigidity, and resting tremor when neuronal loss exceeds a threshold of approximately 80%. It is estimated that there is extensive compensation for several years prior to symptom onset, during which vulnerable neurons asynchronously die. Recent evidence would argue that much of the compensatory response of the nigrostriatal system is multimodal including both pre-synaptic and striatal mechanisms. Although parkinsonism may have multiple causes, the classic syndrome, Parkinson's disease (PD), is frequently modeled in small animals by repeated administration of the selective neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Because the MPTP model of PD recapitulates many of the known behavioral and pathological features of human PD, we asked whether the striatal cells of mice treated with MPTP in a semi-chronic paradigm enact a transcriptional program that would help elucidate the response to dopamine denervation. Our findings reveal a time-dependent dysregulation in the striatum of a set of genes whose products may impact both the viability and ability to communicate of dopamine neurons in the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Miller RM, Miller SP, Jastrow JD, Rivetta CB. Mycorrhizal mediated feedbacks influence net carbon gain and nutrient uptake in Andropogon gerardii. New Phytol 2002; 155:149-162. [PMID: 33873302 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• The carbon sink strength of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated by comparing the growth dynamics of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Andropogon gerardii plants over a wide range of equivalent tissue phosphorus : nitrogen (P : N) ratios. • Host growth, apparent photosynthesis (Anet ), net C gain (Cn ) and P and N uptake were evaluated in sequential harvests of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal A. gerardii plants. Response curves were used to assess the effect of assimilate supply on the mycorrhizal symbiosis in relation to the association of C with N and P. • Mycorrhizal plants had higher Cn than nonmycorrhizal plants at equivalent shoot P : N ratios even though colonization did not affect plant dry mass. The higher Cn in mycorrhizal plants was related to both an increase in specific leaf area and enhanced photosynthesis. The additional carbon gain associated with the mycorrhizal condition was not allocated to root biomass. The Cn in the mycorrhizal plants was positively related to the proportion of active colonization in the roots. • The calculated difference between Cn values in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants, Cdiff , appeared to correspond to the sink strength of the AMF and was not an indirect result of enhanced nutrition in mycorrhizal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - S P Miller
- Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, N-122 Agricultural Sciences North, Lexington, KY 40506-0091, USA
| | - J D Jastrow
- Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - C B Rivetta
- Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Miller RM. Admission of foreign medical graduates to the U.S. INS Rep 2001; 27:6-11. [PMID: 11614676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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13
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Abstract
For decades after the discipline of psychiatry had been established as an accepted specialty, many medical schools continued to fail to train their students in the fundamentals of this discipline. Medical students all have at least cursory exposure to psychiatric principles and basic psychology. Unfortunately, the veterinary profession has lagged behind human medicine in this regard. Until recently, veterinary students received no training in animal behavior, and there were no available residencies within our schools for developing board-certified behavioral specialists.
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Miller RM. Opinions on designated licensure. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:507; author reply 508-9. [PMID: 11229498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies have concurrently investigated cognitive appraisal, coping and psychological adjustment in patients with terminal cancer. This study aimed to (i) consider patterns of change in these variables during the last year of life and (ii) consider covariates associated with patients' psychological adjustment. METHODS AND PATIENTS Questionnaires were sent to a cohort of stage IV melanoma patients seen at the Sydney Melanoma Unit between 1991 and 1996, approximately every 3 months, for up to 2 years. A sub-sample of 110 patients completed at least one questionnaire in the last year of life. Repeated measures linear regression was used to model cognitive appraisal, coping and psychological adjustment. RESULTS In the last year of life, patients' cognitive appraisal of their disease remained relatively stable, whereas their use of active coping strategies increased (p=0. 04). There was some deterioration in psychological adjustment, particularly in patients' ability to minimize the impact of cancer on daily life (p=0.03), but this effect did not remain significant when patients' level of tiredness was included in the model. Cognitive appraisal, coping style and quality of life indicators were all associated with psychological adjustment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that while patients work hard to actively cope with their disease, they experience increasing levels of tiredness, and deterioration in their mood and ability to function in their daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Brown
- Medical Psychology Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Miller RM. The revolution in horsemanship. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 216:1232-3. [PMID: 10767957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Abstract
Giant coronary artery aneurysms are rare in adults and are usually found in association with Kawasaki's disease arising in childhood. We report a case of a thrombosed giant right coronary artery aneurysm presenting as an intracardiac mass detected after inferior wall myocardial infarction. Histologic analysis indicated that fibromuscular dysplasia was the underlying cause of the aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Hirsch
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University School of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Miller RM, Chang MW. Advances in the management of dysphagia caused by stroke. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 1999; 10:925-41, x. [PMID: 10573716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the advancements that have occurred, primarily in the last decade, in the management and treatment of swallowing disorders related to stroke. An overview of swallowing physiology is given, and interventions, both indirect and direct, are explored. Expanding knowledge, applying techniques from other scientific disciplines, and developing new technologies provide hope for stroke patients who experience dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Miller RM, Darben TA, Nedwich J, Savige J. Propylthiouracil-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in a patient with Graves' disease and a neutrophilic dermatosis. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141:943-4. [PMID: 10583195 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kemner KM, Yun W, Cai Z, Lai B, Lee HR, Maser J, Legnini DG, Rodrigues W, Jastrow JD, Miller RM, Pratt ST, Schneegurt MA, Kulpa CF. Using zone plates for X-ray microimaging and microspectroscopy in environmental science. J Synchrotron Radiat 1999; 6:639-641. [PMID: 15263407 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049598016586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 12/03/1998] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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22
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Miller RM, Smith CI, Jastrow JD, Bever JD. Mycorrhizal status of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae). Am J Bot 1999; 86:547-553. [PMID: 10205075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Cyperaceae have generally been considered nonmycorrhizal, although recent evidence suggests that mycotrophy may be considerably more widespread among sedges than was previously realized. This study surveyed 23 species of Carex occurring in upland and wetland habitats in northeastern Illinois. Mycorrhizal infection by arbuscular fungi was found in the roots of 16 species of Carex and appears to occur in response to many factors, both environmental and phylogenetic. While some species appear to be obligately nonmycorrhizal, edaphic influences may be responsible for infection in others. In five of the seven Carex species that were nonmycorrhizal, a novel root character, the presence of bulbous-based root hairs, was identified. The taxonomically patchy distribution of the distinctive root hair trait suggests that these structures may have evolved several times within the genus. Evidence of multiple independent origins of the root hair trait lends support to the hypothesis that root hairs represent an adaptation to nonmycotrophy. Although taxonomic position does seem to be of importance in determining the mycorrhizal dependence of sedges, the pattern may be a patchwork of both mycorrhizal clades and clades that have adapted to the nonmycorrhizal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Environmental Research Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439; and
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Miller RM, Woo D. Stroke: current concepts of care. Geriatr Nurs 1999; 20:66-9. [PMID: 10382419 DOI: 10.1053/gn.1999.v20.97255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the approval of the use of tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute stroke, less than 10% of all patients with stroke are able to reach a medical facility in time to receive the treatment. This article reviews the current concepts of stroke management and emphasizes the importance of public awareness for the signs and symptoms of stroke and the need for immediate attention when a stroke is suspected.
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Abstract
A 31-year-old female is described who developed benign hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis concomitantly. High titre anti-nuclear antibodies were also noted. Several years previously, the patient had developed myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis. The present case is an example of multiple medical disorders characterized by immune dysregulation and represents the first reported associated of hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura with lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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Yun W, Pratt ST, Miller RM, Cai Z, Hunter DB, Jarstfer AG, Kemner KM, Lai B, Lee HR, Legnini DG, Rodrigues W, Smith CI. X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy of plants and fungi. J Synchrotron Radiat 1998; 5:1390-5. [PMID: 16687853 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049598007225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/1998] [Accepted: 05/19/1998] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence microscopy and microspectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution and unprecedented capabilities for the study of biological and environmental samples are reported. These new capabilities are a result of both the combination of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation and high-performance X-ray microfocusing optics and the intrinsic advantages of X-rays for elemental mapping and chemical-state imaging. In this paper, these capabilities are illustrated by experimental results on hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging and microspectroscopy of mycorrhizal plant roots and fungi in their natural hydrated state. The XRF microprobe is demonstrated by the simultaneous mapping of the elemental distributions of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 x 3 micron and with an elemental sensitivity of approximately 500 p.p.b. Microspectroscopy with the same spatial resolution is demonstrated by recording near-edge X-ray absorption (XANES) spectra of Mn at a concentration of approximately 3 p.p.m.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yun
- Experimental Facilities Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonnne, IL 60439-4800, USA
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Abstract
This article provides a brief review of the neurophysiology behind the normal swallow. The examination and work-up of a patient with dysphagia is then detailed. Finally, the major neurologic conditions associated with dysphagia are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Dray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Miller RM, Savige J, Nassis L, Cominos BI. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with antithyroid therapy in Graves' disease. Australas J Dermatol 1998; 39:96-9. [PMID: 9611379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1998.tb01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented is a case of a 27-year-old male with Graves' disease on long-term propylthiouracil treatment who, when changed to carbimazole, rapidly developed a petechial and purpuric eruption on the legs, which subsequently flared on treatment with radioiodine. The clinical diagnosis of leucocytoclastic vasculitis was confirmed on skin biopsy. High-titre antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in a perinuclear pattern (P-ANCA) were identified. No anti-myeloperoxidase activity was noted; therefore, the P-ANCA were classified in the atypical group. The target antigens, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were lysozyme, lactoferrin and bactericidal/permeability increasing protein. Propylthiouracil and carbimazole are chemically related antithyroid drugs. There are reports of typical and atypical P-ANCA-positive cutaneous vasculitis due to propylthiouracil. Cutaneous vasculitis associated with atypical P-ANCA has not been noted previously to be temporally related to carbimazole use. The consideration of thionamides as possible aetiological agents in cases of P-ANCA-positive drug-induced vasculitis is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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Miller RM. Liability issues in a managed care environment. Manag Care Interface 1998; 11:89. [PMID: 10177844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidural fibrosis or scar formation is considered one cause of failed lumbar discectomy. Avoidance of unnecessary bony resection of the lamina may prevent or decrease postoperative scar formation. The knowledge of the precise location of the projection of the lumbar disc may also facilitate surgery and decrease patient morbidity. No studies exist regarding the projection of the lumbar disc on the posterior aspect of the lumbar spine. METHODS Thirty-six whole lumbar spine specimens from L1 to L5 (180 lumbar vertebrae) and sacra were used for this study. Anatomic evaluation included the distance between the superior border of the vertebral body (inferior border of the intervertebral disc) and the superiormost margin of the lumbar lamina, and the distance between the inferior border of the vertebral body (superior border of the intervertebral disc) and the inferiormost margin of the lumbar lamina. The width of the interlaminar space was also measured. RESULTS The data showed that the level of the superior margin of the lamina was consistently inferior to the superior border of the corresponding vertebral body from L1 to S1. This distance for both sexes ranged from 10 to 11 mm for L1-L5 and 14 mm for S1. The level of the inferior margin of the lamina varied from 3 mm inferior to 9 mm superior to the inferior border of the corresponding vertebral body for L1-L5. The width of the interlaminar space averaged from 16.8 mm for L1 to 31.0 mm for L5. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the superior margin of the lamina represents a consistent, useful landmark in determining the location of the lumbar disc on the posterior aspect of the spine. The relationship between the inferior margins of the lamina and the vertebral body is not consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ebraheim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Anatomy, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA
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Herman DC, Zhang Y, Miller RM. Rhamnolipid (biosurfactant) effects on cell aggregation and biodegradation of residual hexadecane under saturated flow conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3622-7. [PMID: 9293014 PMCID: PMC168669 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.9.3622-3627.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of low concentrations of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbon entrapped in a porous matrix. Experiments were performed with sand-packed columns under saturated flow conditions with hexadecane as a model hydrocarbon. Application of biosurfactant concentrations greater than the CMC (the concentration at which the surfactant molecules spontaneously form micelles or vesicles [0.03 mM]) resulted primarily in the mobilization of hexadecane entrapped within the sand matrix. In contrast, application of biosurfactant concentrations less than the CMC enhanced the in situ mineralization of entrapped hexadecane; however, this effect was dependent on the choice of bacterial isolate. The two Pseudomonas isolates tested, R4 and ATCC 15524, were used because they exhibit different patterns of biodegradation of hexadecane, and they also differed in their physical response to rhamnolipid addition. ATCC 15524 cells formed extensive multicell aggregates in the presence of rhamnolipid while R4 cells were unaffected. This behavior did not affect the ability of the biosurfactant to enhance the biodegradation of hexadecane in well-mixed soil slurry systems but had a large affect on the extent of entrapped hexadecane biodegradation in the sand-packed-column system that was used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Herman
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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Wild M, Caro AD, Hernández AL, Miller RM, Soberón-Chávez G. Selection and partial characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mono-rhamnolipid deficient mutant. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 153:279-85. [PMID: 9271853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces rhamnolipids which are tenso-active compounds with potential industrial and environmental applications. There are two main types of rhamnolipids produced in liquid cultures, rhamnosyl-beta-hydroxydecanoyl-beta-hydroxydecanoate (mono-rhamnolipid) and rhamnosyl-rhamnosyl-beta-hydroxydecanoyl-beta-hydroxyd ecanoate (di-rhamnolipid). In this work we report the selective isolation of a rhamnolipid deficient mutant (IBT8), which does not accumulate mono-rhamnolipid while still producing di-rhamnolipid. IBT8 was selected after random mutagenesis with Tn501; yet, its mono-rhamnolipid deficiency was found associated neither with its Tn501 insertion nor with a possible alteration in the rhlABRI genes for rhamnosyl-transferase 1 synthesis. Different possibilities to explain IBT8 phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wild
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
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Donnez J, Vilos G, Gannon MJ, Stampe-Sorensen S, Klinte I, Miller RM. Goserelin acetate (Zoladex) plus endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding: a large randomized, double-blind study. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:29-36. [PMID: 9207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the advantages of goserelin prior to endometrial ablation for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. DESIGN Multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind study. PATIENT(S) Cycling premenopausal women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. TREATMENT Patients were randomized to goserelin or placebo (sham depot) once monthly for 2 months prior to endometrial ablation. Treatment was timed to allow surgery 6 weeks later on day 7 of the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Amenorrhea rates, endometrial histology and thickness, pain and blood loss scores, and surgical parameters. RESULT(S) At 24 weeks after surgery, significantly more goserelin than placebo patients experienced amenorrhea (40% versus 26%). Blood loss was reduced from baseline, but not different between the groups. At surgery, mean endometrial thickness was 1.6 mm and 3.4 mm for the goserelin and placebo groups, respectively, with significantly more atrophic glands and stroma in the goserelin group. Surgery was significantly shorter (by 22%) and easier in the goserelin than in the placebo group, with a significantly lower median fluid absorption in the goserelin groups. In both groups, pain scores were reduced patient satisfaction was high (> 92%), and re-intervention rate was low (2.8%). CONCLUSION(S) Goserelin in combination with endometrial ablation was superior to endometrial ablation alone for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Donnez
- Service de Gynecologie, University St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Bai G, Brusseau ML, Miller RM. Influence of a Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant on the Transport of Bacteria through a Sandy Soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:1866-73. [PMID: 16535601 PMCID: PMC1389156 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.5.1866-1873.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of an anionic rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the transport of bacterial cells through soil under saturated conditions. Three cell types with various hydrophobicities, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, ATCC 27853, and ATCC 15442, were used in this study. In a series of experiments, columns packed with sterile sand were saturated with sterile artificial groundwater for 15 h, and then 3 pore volumes of (sup3)H-labeled bacterial suspensions with various rhamnolipid concentrations was pumped through the column. This was followed by 4 pore volumes of the rhamnolipid solution alone. The measured bacterial cell breakthrough curves were optimized by using an advection-dispersion transport model incorporating two-domain reversible sorption (instantaneous and rate limited) and with two first-order sink terms for irreversible adsorption. The influence of the rhamnolipid on the surface charge densities of the bacteria and the porous medium was also investigated. The results show that the rhamnolipid enhanced the transport of all cell types tested. For example, the rhamnolipid increased the recovery of the most hydrophilic strain, ATCC 9027, from 22.5 to 56.3%. Similarly, the recovery of ATCC 27853 increased from 36.8 to 49.4%, and the recovery of ATCC 15442, the most hydrophobic strain, increased from 17.7 to 40.5% in the presence of the rhamnolipid. The negative surface charge density of the porous medium was increased, while the surface charge density of the bacteria was not changed in the presence of the rhamnolipid. The model results suggest that the rhamnolipid predominantly affected irreversible adsorption of cells.
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Abstract
Somatic gene therapy is a potentially useful strategy for the delivery of growth factors or cytokines to enhance wound healing. Experimental excisional and incisional wounds in impaired-healing diabetic mice (db/db) were treated with aFGF and with a plasmid coding for aFGF. A eukaryotic expression plasmid composed of the Hst signal peptide sequence in-frame with the human aFGF sequence was used. Transfection of tissues was accomplished either by direct plasmid uptake or by uptake facilitated with cationic liposomes. The results show that the closure of excisional wounds was significantly accelerated (p < 0.05) by topical application of human recombinant aFGF or by transfection with the aFGF plasmid but not by vehicle or control plasmid not containing the aFGF sequence. In incisional wounds, aFGF or transfection with the plasmid significantly increased the wound-breaking strength compared to their corresponding controls (p < 0.05). Quantitative histology of the plasmid-treated incisional wound sections revealed improved wound quality. The transcription of mRNA from human aFGF cDNA in the incisional wound tissue extracts was confirmed by RT-PCR, and the expressed aFGF was detected by immune dot blot and immunohistochemistry assays. The transfection was a transient process with a peak at 9 d in db/+ (littermates of the diabetic mice) incisional wounds, at 36 d in db/db incisional wounds, and at 27 d in db/db excisional wounds. Cells transfected with human aFGF occupied up to 6.4% of the transectional area in the wound sites. Thus, aFGF gene delivery resulted in both gene expression and a functional improvement in healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Resuscitative Medicine Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5607, U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Raymond
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, N.S. Canada
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This study compared the effectiveness of two transpedicular screw placement techniques: blind screw placement versus screw placement after direct determination of the superior, medial, and inferior borders of the pedicle through the opening of a "window" by the partial laminectomy and tapping technique. OBJECTIVES To determine if the incidence and severity of pedicle violations resulting from transpedicular screw placement could be reduced by direct determination of the superior, medial, and inferior borders of the pedicle through the opening of a "window" by partial laminectomy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several studies regarding transpedicular screw fixation for unstable cervical spine injuries have been reported, but none has addressed the effectiveness in lowering the incidence of pedicle violation by opening a "window" by partial laminectomy for direct determination of the superior, medial, and inferior borders of the pedicle and using the tapping technique before and in planning for screw placement. METHODS Eight adult cadaveric cervical spines (40 vertebrae from C3 to C7) were used for this study. Two groups were formed according to screw placement techniques. The first group was composed of 38 blinded transpedicular screw placements. The second group was composed of 40 screw placements using the partial laminectomy and tapping technique. After transpedicular screw placement, all specimens were evaluated radiographically and visually for violation of the pedicle. RESULTS A decrease in the incidence and severity of pedicle violation was seen in the second group with opening of the lamina and tapping technique compared with the blind screw placement group. However, the percentage of screws found to violate the pedicle with the opening of the lamina and tapping technique still was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS Transpedicular screw placement in the cervical spine is difficult, and a high percentage of violations of the pedicle wall occur. This technique should not be used routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, USA
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Miller RM, O'Neill B, Johnstone D, Rae JR. [Standards concerning cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography in adults. Subcommittee for Catheterization and Angiography. Committee on Standards of the Canadian Society of Cardiology]. Can J Cardiol 1996; 12:719-21. [PMID: 8925468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Miller RM, O'Neill B, Johnstone D, Rae JR. Standards for training in adult cardiac catheterization and angiography. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Committee. Can J Cardiol 1996; 12:470-2. [PMID: 8640589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Miller RM. Opinions on effects of reforming veterinary education. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 208:1015; author reply 1015-6. [PMID: 8621307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
Oral and pharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is the result of a progressive loss of function in bulbar and respiratory muscles. Clinicians involved in the management of ALS patients should be familiar with the common clinical findings and the usual patterns of temporal progression. The prevention of secondary complications, such as nutritional deficiency and dehydration that compound the deteriorating effects of the disease, requires careful monitoring of each patient's functional status and timely intervention with appropriate management techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Strand
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Herman DC, Artiola JF, Miller RM. Removal of cadmium, lead, and zinc from soil by a rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29:2280-2285. [PMID: 22280267 DOI: 10.1021/es00009a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Abstract
A study to quantify the effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant structure on the degradation of alkanes by a variety of Pseudomonas isolates was conducted. Two dirhamnolipids were studied, a methyl ester form (dR-Me) and an acid form (dR-A). These rhamnolipids have different properties with respect to interfacial tension, solubility, and charge. For example, the interfacial tension between hexadecane and water was decreased to <0.1 dyne/cm by the dR-Me but was only decreased to 5 dyne/cm by the dR-A. Solubilization and biodegradation of two alkanes in different physical states, liquid and solid, were determined at dirhamnolipid concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mM (7 to 70 mg/liter). The dR-Me markedly enhanced hexadecane (liquid) and octadecane (solid) degradation by seven different Pseudomonas strains. For an eighth strain tested, which exhibited extremely high cell surface hydrophobicity, hexadecane degradation was enhanced but octadecane degradation was inhibited. The dR-A also enhanced hexadecane degradation by all degraders but did so more modestly than the dR-Me. For octadecane, the dR-A only enhanced degradation by strains with low cell surface hydrophobicity.
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Abstract
Bioremediation of metal-contaminated wastestreams has been successfully demonstrated. Normally, whole cells or microbial exopolymers are used to concentrate and/or precipitate metals in the wastestream to aid in metal removal. Analogous remediation of metal-contaminated soils is more complex because microbial cells or large exopolymers do not move freely through the soil. The use of microbially produced surfactants (biosurfactants) is an alternative with potential for remediation of metal-contaminated soils. The distinct advantage of biosurfactants over whole cells or exopolymers is their small size, generally biosurfactant molecular weights are less than 1500. A second advantage is that biosurfactants have a wide variety of chemical structures that may show different metal selectivities and thus, metal removal efficiencies. A review of the literature shows that complexation capacities of several bacterial exopolymers was similar to the complexation capacity of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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44
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Abstract
Localization of Ischemia. This study demonstrates the utility of an electrocardiographic inverse solution, coupled with body surface potential mapping (BSPM), in localizing acute ischemia in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). PTCA balloon inflations produce complete occlusion and acute transient ischemia, which can be detected electrocardiographically with BSPM. Comparisons between maps recorded both during and before the inflation of the PTCA balloon allow patient- and artery-specific characterizations of the resulting ischemia. Knowledge of the patient's coronary anatomy and the location of the occlusion site by coronary angiography permit an estimation based on cardiac hemodynamics of the region of myocardium most likely to suffer from PTCA-induced ischemia. Electrocardiographic inverse solutions provide a means of predicting cardiac potentials from body surface maps. In this study, we describe an inverse solution we have developed to localize the transient ischemia produced by PTCA. To validate the procedure, we compared the locations of predicted ischemia in seven patients with a qualitative estimate of the perfusion region based on fluoroscopic examination of each patient's coronary anatomy and PTCA balloon location. In each case, the region of ischemia predicted by the model included the perfusion zone determined fluoroscopically. These results suggest that electrical changes induced by acute ischemia can be localized with an electrocardiographic inverse solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S MacLeod
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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45
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Tan H, Champion JT, Artiola JF, Brusseau ML, Miller RM. Complexation of cadmium by a rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Environ Sci Technol 1994; 28:2402-2406. [PMID: 22176061 DOI: 10.1021/es00062a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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46
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Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the literature in the area of oropharyngeal dysphagia has focused on treatment techniques for specific medical conditions and the documentation of treatment efficacy. Increasingly, there has been multidisciplinary involvement in the study of swallowing physiology and dysphagia. Investigators have used a wide range of technologies in quantifying changes in swallowing physiology as a result of imposed therapeutic adjustments and maneuvers. Group studies and single case design investigations have attempted to address the question of treatment efficacy. This article addresses the status of clinical treatment and the future needs for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Miller
- Audiology and Speech Pathology Service, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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47
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Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia has been treated by various professionals for many years, with increasingly more attention paid to this disorder by speech-language pathologists in the past decade. There has been a gradual change in emphasis in the literature, from early anecdotal accounts to more scientific, controlled studies that have tested the outcomes and effectiveness of certain techniques or programs. This article reviews the literature in the area of behavioral treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia, with a critical look at the current state of knowledge. General treatment programs and techniques developed to facilitate or compensate for specific swallowing disorders are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Langmore
- Audiology and Speech Pathology Service, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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48
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Miller RM. Cutaneous ischemia caused by local anesthesia containing a vasoconstrictor. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1994; 20:699. [PMID: 7930019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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49
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Abstract
In this study, the effect of a purified rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the hydrophobicity of octadecane-degrading cells was investigated to determine whether differences in rates of octadecane biodegradation resulting from the addition of rhamnolipid to four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be related to measured differences in hydrophobicity. Cell hydrophobicity was determined by a modified bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon (BATH) assay. Bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon quantitates the preference of cell surfaces for the aqueous phase or the aqueous-hexadecane interface in a two-phase system of water and hexadecane. On the basis of octadecane biodegradation in the absence of rhamnolipid, the four bacterial strains were divided into two groups: the fast degraders (ATCC 15442 and ATCC 27853), which had high cell hydrophobicities (74 and 55% adherence to hexadecane, respectively), and the slow degraders (ATCC 9027 and NRRL 3198), which had low cell hydrophobicities (27 and 40%, respectively). Although in all cases rhamnolipid increased the aqueous dispersion of octadecane at least 10(4)-fold, at low rhamnolipid concentrations (0.6 mM), biodegradation by all four strains was initially inhibited for at least 100 h relative to controls. At high rhamnolipid concentrations (6 mM), biodegradation by the fast degraders was slightly inhibited relative to controls, but the biodegradation by the slow degraders was enhanced relative to controls. Measurement of cell hydrophobicity showed that rhamnolipids increased the cell hydrophobicity of the slow degraders but had no effect on the cell hydrophobicity of the fast degraders. The rate at which the cells became hydrophobic was found to depend on the rhamnolipid concentration and was directly related to the rate of octadecane biodegradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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50
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Tsui BC, Kinley CE, Miller RM. Optimal imaging techniques for locating leaflets after escape from prosthetic heart valves. Can Assoc Radiol J 1994; 45:93-6. [PMID: 8149278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors report two cases of leaflets escaping from an Edwards-Duromedics bileaflet prosthetic heart valve (Baxter-Edwards Division, Baxter Healthcare Corp., Irvine, Calif.). Several imaging techniques were used in attempts to locate the leaflets. Only computed tomography (CT) led to conclusive results. Because progressive extrusion through the arterial wall was documented surgically in these cases, the authors recommend that CT be performed as early as possible after a leaflet escapes, even in asymptomatic patients. Extrusion through the arterial wall precludes percutaneous intravascular movement or retrieval of escaped leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Tsui
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
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