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Matas J, Tokalić R, García-Costa D, López-Iñesta E, Álvarez-García E, Grimaldo F, Marušić A. Tool to assess recognition and understanding of elements in Summary of Findings Table for health evidence synthesis: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18044. [PMID: 37872203 PMCID: PMC10593927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
of Findings (SoF) tables concisely present the main findings of evidence synthesis of health evidence, but how users navigate it to understand and interpret the presented information is not clear. We quantified the interaction of medical students with an SoF table while answering a knowledge quiz. Read&Learn tool was used to measure the number of target and non-target table cells visited for each question and the time spent on these cells. Students positively identified target elements for quiz questions and answered simpler questions, but struggled with critical thinking and understanding study outcomes. The question on outcomes with the largest improvement post-intervention had the fewest correct answers, the longest interaction with table cells and the most opened cells before answering. Students spent a median of 72% of the time reading target table cells. A heatmap of the interactions showed that they were mostly answer-oriented. Further development of the tool and metrics is needed to use the tool and the metrics to study the cognitive processes during the assessment of health evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Matas
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Emilia López-Iñesta
- Department of Didactics of Mathematics, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Meneses-Echavez JF, Bidonde J, Montesinos-Guevara C, Amer YS, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Tellez Tinjaca LA, Fraile Navarro D, Poklepović Peričić T, Tokalić R, Bala MM, Storman D, Swierz M, Zając J, Flórez ID, Schünemann H, Flottorp S, Alonso-Coello P. Using evidence to decision frameworks led to guidelines of better quality and more credible and transparent recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 162:38-46. [PMID: 37517506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine whether the use of Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks is associated to higher quality of both guidelines and individual recommendations. METHODS We identified guidelines recently published by international organizations that have methodological guidance documents for their development. Pairs of researchers independently extracted information on the use of these frameworks, appraised the quality of the guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II Instrument (AGREE-II), and assessed the clinical credibility and implementability of the recommendations with the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX) tool. We conducted both descriptive and inferential analyses. RESULTS We included 66 guidelines from 17 different countries, published in the last 5 years. Thirty guidelines (45%) used an EtD framework to formulate their recommendations. Compared to those that did not use a framework, those using an EtD framework scored higher in all domains of both AGREE-II and AGREE-REX (P < 0.05). Quality scores did not differ between the use of the The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-EtD framework (17 guidelines) or another EtD framework (13 guidelines) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of EtD frameworks is associated with guidelines of better quality, and more credible and transparent recommendations. Endorsement of EtD frameworks by guideline developing organizations will likely increase the quality of their guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Meneses-Echavez
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Julia Bidonde
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; School of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Camila Montesinos-Guevara
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yasser S Amer
- Clinical Practice Guidelines and Quality Research Unit, Quality Management Department, Pediatrics Department, King Saud University Medical City, Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andres Felipe Loaiza-Betancur
- Instituto Universitario de Educación Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Actividad Física para la Salud (GIEDAF), Universidad Santo Tomás, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Luis Andres Tellez Tinjaca
- Grupo de Investigación en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Actividad Física para la Salud (GIEDAF), Universidad Santo Tomás, Tunja, Colombia
| | - David Fraile Navarro
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Malgorzata M Bala
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Systematic Reviews Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Storman
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Systematic Reviews Unit, Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Swierz
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Systematic Reviews Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Zając
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Systematic Reviews Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ivan D Flórez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellin, Colombia; School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Clínica Las Américas-AUNA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Signe Flottorp
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Buljan I, Tokalić R, Tomić V, Viđak M, Marušić A. Student Moral Foundations in the Context of Research Misbehavior: An Experimental Study. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2023:15562646231168919. [PMID: 37042044 DOI: 10.1177/15562646231168919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine whether the use of words related to different moral foundations can predict the perceived severity of research misconduct. We gave two groups of participants, undergraduate medical students, the same hypothetical scenarios of research misconduct cases containing words related to different aspects of morality, and asked them to assess how inappropriate the described behavior was. Students ranked the described behaviors differently by the inappropriateness of the behavior, but the group wording was not a significant predictor of appropriateness. The reasons for the ranking were not related to any standardized procedures for research integrity but were related to the moral assessment of the students, which was assessed using qualitative approach. The results of this study implicate that personal moral views are an important part in research integrity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buljan
- Department for Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department for Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Vicko Tomić
- Department for Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Viđak
- Department for Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department for Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Viđak M, Tomić V, Buljan I, Tokalić R, Marušić A. Perception of organizational climate by university staff and students in medicine and humanities: A qualitative study. Account Res 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36710428 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2173586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organizational climate and culture are important for research organizations because they foster research integrity and responsible conduct of research, reduce questionable research practices, and improve job satisfaction. The aim of our study was to explore how employees and students perceive organizational climate and its consequences in the university setting. We conducted semi-structured interviews with senior students and employees (teaching and non-teaching staff) from two different university schools: School of Medicine and Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Participants were asked questions regarding perceived climate, working environment, and the role of the institution. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis approach. Three themes were identified. The first theme addressed the difference in the perception and understanding of organizational climate. The second theme dealt with institutional issues emanating from organizational climate. The third theme described the behavior of stakeholders in the formation of organizational climate. Organizational climate is important concept in academic organizations as it influences both employees, particularly early career researchers, and students. Institutional leadership can strongly influence organizational climate, which can in turn affect job and job satisfaction. Due to the importance of personal morality on everyday decision-making, virtue-based research integrity training could be useful in improving academic institutions' organizational climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Viđak
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split Faculty of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Vicko Tomić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split Faculty of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split Faculty of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split Faculty of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split Faculty of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Tokalić R, Poklepović Peričić T, Marusic A. Similar outcomes of online and face to face training of GRADE approach for certainty of evidence: a randomized study (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/43928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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Krnic Martinic M, Čivljak M, Marušić A, Sapunar D, Poklepović Peričić T, Buljan I, Tokalić R, Mališa S, Neuberg M, Ivanišević K, Aranza D, Skitarelić N, Zoranić S, Mikšić Š, Čavić D, Puljak L. Web-Based Educational Intervention to Improve Knowledge of Systematic Reviews Among Health Science Professionals: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37000. [PMID: 36006686 PMCID: PMC9459937 DOI: 10.2196/37000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lack of knowledge of systematic reviews (SRs) could prevent individual health care professionals from using SRs as a source of information in their clinical practice or discourage them from participating in such research. Objective In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effect of a short web-based educational intervention on short-term knowledge of SRs. Methods Eligible participants were 871 Master’s students of university health sciences studies in Croatia; 589 (67.6%) students who agreed to participate in the trial were randomized using a computer program into 2 groups. Intervention group A (294/589, 49.9%) received a short web-based educational intervention about SR methodology, and intervention group B (295/589, 50.1%) was presented with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. The participants’ knowledge of SRs was assessed before and after the intervention. The participants could not be blinded because of the nature of the intervention. The primary outcome was the difference in the percentage of correct answers about SR methodology per participant between the groups after the intervention, expressed as relative risk and 95% CI. Results Results from 162 and 165 participants in the educational intervention and PRISMA checklist groups, respectively, were available for analysis. Most of them (educational intervention group: 130/162, 80.2%; PRISMA checklist group: 131/165, 79.4%) were employed as health care professionals in addition to being health sciences students. After the intervention, the educational intervention group had 23% (relative risk percentage) more correct answers in the postintervention questionnaire than the PRISMA checklist group (relative risk=1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.29). Conclusions A short web-based educational intervention about SRs is an effective tool for short-term improvement of knowledge of SRs among health care studies students, most of whom were also employed as health care professionals. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of the tested education. Trial Registration OSF Registries 10.17605/OSF.IO/RYMVC; https://osf.io/rymvc
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sapunar
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Kata Ivanišević
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Diana Aranza
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Zoranić
- Department of Nursing, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Štefica Mikšić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Kantorová L, Friessová T, Slezáková S, Langaufová A, Kantor J, Munn Z, Barker TH, Katikireddi SV, Mustafa RA, Žuljević MF, Lukežić M, Klugarová J, Riad A, Vrbová T, Pokorná A, Búřilová P, Búřil J, Kirkovski A, Ćaćić N, Delač L, Tokalić R, Poklepović Peričić T, Klugar M. Addressing Challenges When Applying GRADE to Public Health Guidelines: A Scoping Review Protocol and Pilot Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19020992. [PMID: 35055814 PMCID: PMC8775462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a scoping review that aims to determine how guideline authors using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach have addressed previously identified challenges related to public health. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews will be followed. We will search and screen titles of guidelines for all languages published in 2013–2021 in: the GIN library, BIGG database, Epistemonikos GRADE guidelines repository, GRADEpro Database, MAGICapp, NICE and WHO websites. Two reviewers will independently screen full texts of the documents identified. The following information will be extracted: methods used for identifying different stakeholders and incorporating their perspectives; methods for identification and prioritization of non-health outcomes; methods for determining thresholds for decision-making; methods for incorporating and grading evidence from non-randomized studies; methods for addressing concerns with conditional recommendations in public health; methods for reaching consensus; additional methodological concerns; and any modifications made to GRADE. A combination of directed content analysis and descriptive statistics will be used for data analysis, and the findings presented narratively in a tabular and graphical form. In this protocol, we present the pilot results from 13 identified eligible guidelines issued between January and August 2021. We will publish the full review results when they become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kantorová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Friessová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Simona Slezáková
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Alena Langaufová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiří Kantor
- Center of Evidence-Based Education & Arts Therapies: A JBI Affiliated Group, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Žižkovo nám. 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Special Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, Žižkovo nám. 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zachary Munn
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Z.M.); (T.H.B.)
| | - Timothy Hugh Barker
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Z.M.); (T.H.B.)
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow G3 7HR, UK;
| | - Reem A. Mustafa
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Marija Franka Žuljević
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Marina Lukežić
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jitka Klugarová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Tereza Vrbová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Andrea Pokorná
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Búřilová
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Búřil
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
- Ist Department of Neurology, St. Anne´s Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nensi Ćaćić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (N.Ć.); (R.T.); (T.P.P.)
| | - Ljerka Delač
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (N.Ć.); (R.T.); (T.P.P.)
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (N.Ć.); (R.T.); (T.P.P.)
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.K.); (T.F.); (S.S.); (A.L.); (J.K.); (A.R.); (T.V.); (A.P.); (P.B.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Tokalić R, Buljan I, Mejlgaard N, Carrió M, Lang A, Revuelta G, Marušić A. Responsible research and innovation training programs: implementation and evaluation of the HEIRRI project. Forensic Sci Res 2021; 6:320-330. [PMID: 35127198 PMCID: PMC8815623 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1970319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Responsible research and innovation, or RRI, is a concept that aims to bring together society and science for a better future. There are six key elements of RRI: public engagement, gender equality, science education, open access, ethics and governance. Higher Education Institutions and Responsible Research and Innovation (HEIRRI) project aimed to bring the concept of RRI into the educational system. Using state-of-the-art review of good practices, HEIRRI team developed 10 training programs on RRI for different higher education institution educational levels, including a summer school and a massive open online course (MOOC). We conducted pilot of the trainings and evaluated participants’ experiences. Satisfaction with HEIRRI training programs on responsible research and innovation was high, both for participants and for the trainers, and trainings raised awareness of RRI. Participants’ feedback was used to identify areas that need improvement and provided for recommendations for final versions of the HEIRRI training programs. In order to equip researchers with skills to recognize and apply RRI values, RRI should be included in their education. HEIRRI training is suitable for a range of different disciplines, including forensic science, and is free to use and adjust for specific contexts (available from: https://rri-tools.eu/heirri-training-programmes). Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1970319 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Niels Mejlgaard
- Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mar Carrió
- Health Sciences Education Research Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institut für Höhere Studien – Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gema Revuelta
- Studies Centre on Science, Communication and Society, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Tokalić R, Viđak M, Kaknjo MM, Marušić A. Antifragility of healthcare systems in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina: Learning from man-made and natural crises. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 9:100216. [PMID: 34693390 PMCID: PMC8513139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute crises, such as a war or a pandemic, are the ultimate tests for health care systems' resilience (temporary response to stress with change and adaptation) and antifragility (permanent benefit from change in response to stress). In this Health Policy paper, we analyse and discuss how the healthcare systems of two European countries - Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia - adapted to war as a man-made disaster, and how they adapted to COVID-19 pandemic twenty-five years later. These countries experienced full scale wars in recent history, which significantly changed their political and healthcare systems. This experience prepared the countries for the response to the pandemic, which coincided with two earthquakes in Croatia. We argue that healthcare systems in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are not only resilient but antifragile, and that they benefited from stressors they were exposed to. The antifragility of the two systems were primarily based on human effort - the strength, adaptability and resilience of health care professionals. We will look at lessons from the wars that were applied to the pandemic and discuss newly recognized opportunities and improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Viđak
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Mersiha Mahmić Kaknjo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Viđak M, Barać L, Tokalić R, Buljan I, Marušić A. Interventions for Organizational Climate and Culture in Academia: A Scoping Review. Sci Eng Ethics 2021; 27:24. [PMID: 33783667 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-021-00298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organizational climate and culture may influence different work-related outcomes, including responsible conduct of research and research misconduct in academic or research organizations. In this scoping review we collected evidence on outcomes of interventions to change organizational climate or culture in academic or research settings. Out of 32,093 documents retrieved by the search, we analysed 207 documents in full text, out of which 7 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The included studies measured organizational climate (2 studies), organizational culture (4 studies), or both (1 study) at biomedical faculties (4 studies) or non-academic university departments (3 studies). Four studies had post-test, and three before-and-after study designs. The majority of interventions were face-to-face activities (meetings, different teambuilding activities), and two were based on organizational change. Six studies reported positive changes in organizational climate/culture after the intervention. These positive changes were measured as improvements in score on different questionnaire survey or were described through authors' or external evaluator's narrative reports. However, the methodological quality of the studies was low, both for qualitative and quantitative study designs. Replicable studies, using rigorous methods and clearly defined outcomes are urgently needed if organizations want to achieve a real change in organizational climate or culture for responsible research. The protocol for this scoping review was registered at https://osf.io/7zjqb .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Viđak
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Lana Barać
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
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Wang X, Chen Y, Akl EA, Tokalić R, Marušić A, Qaseem A, Falck-Ytter Y, Lee MS, Siedler M, Barber SL, Zhang M, Chan ESY, Estill J, Kwong JSW, Okumura A, Zhou Q, Yang K, Norris SL. The reporting checklist for public versions of guidelines: RIGHT-PVG. Implement Sci 2021; 16:10. [PMID: 33430911 PMCID: PMC7798200 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-01066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public or patient versions of guidelines (PVGs) are derivative documents that "translate" recommendations and their rationale from clinical guidelines for health professionals into a more easily understandable and usable format for patients and the public. PVGs from different groups and organizations vary considerably in terms of quality of their reporting. In order to address this issue, we aimed to develop a reporting checklist for developers of PVGs and other potential users. METHODS First, we collected a list of potential items through reviewing a sample of PVGs, existing guidance for developing and reporting PVGs or other similar evidence-based patient tools, as well as qualitative studies on original studies of patients' needs about the content and/or reporting of information in PVGs or similar evidence-based patient tools. Second, we conducted a two-round Delphi consultation to determine the level of consensus on the items to be included in the final reporting checklist. Third, we invited two external reviewers to provide comments on the checklist. RESULTS We generated the initial list of 45 reporting items based on a review of a sample of 30 PVGs, four PVG guidance documents, and 46 relevant studies. After the two-round Delphi consultation, we formed a checklist of 17 items grouped under 12 topics for reporting PVGs. CONCLUSION The RIGHT-PVG reporting checklist provides an international consensus on the important criteria for reporting PVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4 K1, Canada
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Amir Qaseem
- American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yngve Falck-Ytter
- Division of Internal Medicine, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Madelin Siedler
- Division of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah L Barber
- World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, Kobe, 651-0073, Japan
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edwin S Y Chan
- Cochrane Singapore, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research & Innovation Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janne Estill
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joey S W Kwong
- United Nations Population Fund Asia and the Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akiko Okumura
- Medical Information Network Distribution Service (MINDS) Guideline Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qi Zhou
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Buljan I, Marušić M, Tokalić R, Viđak M, Peričić TP, Hren D, Marušić A. Cognitive levels in testing knowledge in evidence-based medicine: a cross sectional study. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:25. [PMID: 33413344 PMCID: PMC7791849 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge assessment in evidence-based medicine (EBM) is usually performed by the measurement of memorised facts, understanding of EBM concepts and application of learned knowledge in familiar situations, all of which are considered lower-level educational objectives. The aim of this study was to assess EBM knowledge both on higher and lower cognitive levels across EBM topics. METHODS In order to assess knowledge on different EBM topics across learning levels, we created a knowledge test (Six Progressive Levels in Testing - SPLIT instrument), which consists of 36 multiple choice items and measures knowledge in EBM at six cognitive levels (Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analysing, Evaluating and Creating) and addresses six EBM topics (Evidence-based practice, Internal validity, Clinical importance, Study design, Sources of evidence, Diagnostic studies). Three independent assessors defined the minimum passing score (MPS) for the overall test, based on the first-year course content and educational objectives. The instrument was assessed in a sample of first- (n = 119) and third-year medical students (n = 70) and EBM experts (n = 14). RESULTS The MPS was 16 correct answers out of total 36 questions, and was achieved by 21 out of 119 first-year students, 14 out of 70 third-year students and 9 out of 14 EBM experts (χ2 = 13.3; P < 0.001, with significantly higher proportion of experts passing compared to students). Although experts had the highest scores overall, none of the groups outperformed others on individual cognitive levels, but the experts outperformed students in EBM topics of Study design and Sources of evidence (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively, Kruskal-Wallis test). First- and third-year students performed better on specific course topics taught in that study year (Diagnostic studies and Clinical relevance, respectively). CONCLUSION EBM knowledge of students and experts differ according to the specificities of their education/expertise, but neither group had excellent knowledge in all areas. It may be difficult to develop a knowledge test that includes different EBM topics at different cognitive levels to follow the development of specific and general aspects of EBM knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Matko Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Viđak
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Hren
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Viđak M, Buljan I, Tokalić R, Lunić A, Hren D, Marušić A. Perception of Organizational Ethical Climate by University Staff and Students in Medicine and Humanities: A Cross Sectional Study. Sci Eng Ethics 2020; 26:3437-3454. [PMID: 33006747 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-020-00270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We assessed students' and employees' perception of ethical climate at a university school of medicine compared to that of social sciences and humanities, as well as temporal changes in the employees' perception of ethical climate. We also explored potential predictors of ethical climate, including moral foundations. This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted at the University of Split School of Medicine and the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, in Croatia, from April to September 2019. We used 36-item Ethical Climate Questionnaire and 22-item Moral Foundation Questionnaire to survey employees, senior and doctoral students. We collected responses using ballot boxes as well as online survey. We collected 449 complete responses (response rate 36.8%). The dominant ethical climates at two schools were "Company rules and procedures" and "Laws and professional codes". We compared our results with a study conducted in 2012 and found that the perception of ethical climate had not changed dramatically in last 8 years. Ethical climate, or shared social and work-related behaviours, does not seem to change in these institutions even when students and staff are included with faculty in surveys. We provide further discussion of why this seems to be the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Viđak
- Department in Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department in Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department in Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Lunić
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Hren
- Chair of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department in Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, Croatia
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Tokalić R, Viđak M, Buljan I, Marušić A. Reporting of Clinical Practice Guidelines: Practical Testing of AGREE and RIGHT Checklists. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:2167-2172. [PMID: 32314134 PMCID: PMC7352030 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
- Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
| | - Marin Viđak
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Buljan I, Tokalić R, Roguljić M, Zakarija-Grković I, Vrdoljak D, Milić P, Puljak L, Marušić A. Framing the numerical findings of Cochrane plain language summaries: two randomized controlled trials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32375659 PMCID: PMC7201737 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-00990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cochrane systematic review Plain language Summaries (CSR PLSs should serve as a tool for the evidence translation to non-medical population. However, the evidence of optimal type of numerical presentation in CSR PLSs is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate readers’ comprehension and preferences for different presentation of findings, including framing and numerical data, in Cochrane systematic review Plain Language Summaries (CSR PLSs). Methods We conducted a parallel randomized trial and a crossover randomized trial at the School of Medicine and family practice offices in Split, Croatia. The participants were students and consumers. We assessed possible differences in comprehension, measured by four questions on PLS content, of CSR PLSs depending on the positive or negative framing of results (n = 91) (Trial 1) or using percentages or frequencies for the presentation of results (n = 245) (Trial 2). The outcome measures were comprehension of PLS content, perceived effectiveness of the treatment and readiness to use the treatment (all on 1–10 scales). Results In Trial 1 we found no difference in readers’ perception of the effectiveness of the described treatment, desire that the treatment be offered by their family doctor, readiness to use the treatment, or comprehension when CSR PLS results were presented positively or negatively. In Trial 2 we found no difference in CSR PLS comprehension when results were presented as natural frequencies or percentages (BF10 = 0.62, Bayesian t-test for independent samples). Conclusions Numerical presentation and framing direction of results appear to have no significant impact on understanding of messages in CSR PLSs. Trial registration The trials were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Protocol registration numbers: Trial 1: NCT03442387; Trial 2: NCT03554252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia. .,Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.,Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Roguljić
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Irena Zakarija-Grković
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.,Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Davorka Vrdoljak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Petra Milić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.,Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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16
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Buljan I, Tokalić R, Marušić M, Marušić A. Health numeracy skills of medical students:cross-sectional and controlled before-and-after study. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:467. [PMID: 31864343 PMCID: PMC6925899 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numeracy, defined as understanding and handling numbers, is an important skill for the medical profession, it is not clear whether it changes during graduate medical education and whether it can be improved by specific interventions. The objective of this study was to assess objective and subjective numeracy levels at different stages of medical education and explore whether a research methodology/statistics course improves numeracy levels in a longer period. METHODS We performed cross-sectional and controlled before-and-after studies. First-year sociology students and first- to sixth-year medical students from the in the cross sectional study and two groups of first-year medical students in a controlled before-and-after study. The intervention was a course on biostatistics and research methodology using blended approach. Numeracy was measured using Subjective Numeracy Scale (Cronbach α = 0.70) and Numeracy Understanding in Medicine instrument (Cronbach α = 0.75). RESULTS Whereas first-year medical students did not differ from first-year sociology students in objective numeracy, medicine students had higher results on subjective numeracy. Students from higher years of medical school had generally higher subjective and objective numeracy scores. In the controlled before-and-after study, the intervention group improved more in subjective numeracy (median difference on a 0-8 scale = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.7 vs - 0.4, 95% CI - 0.4 to - 0.1, P < 0.001) but not in objective numeracy. CONCLUSIONS Although the numeracy levels at the beginning of the medical school are within the range of non-medical population, both objective and subjective numeracy improve during the higher years of medical school. Curriculum during medical school may help in numeracy increase, while research methodology training may help to increase subjective but not objective numeracy skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Matko Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine in Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
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Sharp MK, Tokalić R, Gómez G, Wager E, Altman DG, Hren D. A cross-sectional bibliometric study showed suboptimal journal endorsement rates of STROBE and its extensions. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 107:42-50. [PMID: 30423373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement provides guidance on reporting observational studies. Many extensions have been created for specialized methods or fields. We determined endorsement prevalence and typology by journals in extension-related fields. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A published protocol defined search strategies to identify journals publishing observational studies (2007-2017) across seven fields relating to STROBE extensions. We extracted text regarding STROBE, seven STROBE extensions, reporting guidelines Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and transparent reporting documents/groups: International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) networks. Relationships between endorsing STROBE, endorsing other guidelines, and journal impact factor were tested using chi square and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Of 257 unique journals, 12 (5%) required STROBE on submission, 22 (9%) suggested use, 12 (5%) recommended a "relevant guideline," 72 (28%) mentioned it indirectly (via editorial policies or International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommendations), and 139 (54%) did not mention STROBE. The relevant extension was required by 2 (<1%) journals; 4 (1%) suggested use. STROBE endorsement was not associated with journal impact indices but was with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses endorsements. CONCLUSION Reporting guideline endorsement rates are low; information is vague and scattered. Unambiguous language is needed to improve adherence to reporting guidelines and increase the quality of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Split, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Split, Croatia; INSERM, U1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Research Center (CRESS), Methods of Therapeutic Evaluation of Chronic Diseases Team (METHODS), Paris, F-75014 France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
| | | | - Guadalupe Gómez
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Wager
- Sideview, Buckinghamshire, UK; University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Darko Hren
- Department of Psychology, University of Split, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Split, Croatia
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Tokalić R, Viđak M, Buljan I, Marušić A. Reporting quality of European and Croatian health practice guidelines according to the RIGHT reporting checklist. Implement Sci 2018; 13:135. [PMID: 30373610 PMCID: PMC6206632 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-018-0828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health practice guidelines (HPGs) are important tools for the translation of evidence into practice. Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) checklist provides guidance on reporting health practice guidelines (HPGs). We assessed the reporting completeness and quality of a set of national (Croatian) and relevant transnational (European) HPGs. Methods The national sample included all HPGs published in the official journal of the Croatian Medical Association in 2014–2016. We searched PubMed to identify relevant European guidelines (n = 24). Two independent reviewers assessed the adherence with the items on the RIGHT checklist. Kappa score was used to measure the level of agreement. Frequentist and Bayes statistics Bayes factor (BF10) was used to evaluate the differences between the national and transnational HPGs. Results Overall, Croatian and European HPGs adhered to less than 50% of RIGHT checklist items. Croatian HPGs reported a median of 14.0 (95% CI 13.0–15.0) RIGHT reporting items, and European counterparts reported a median of 16.0 (95% CI 14.0–17.2) out of the total of 35 checklist items (Mann Whitney U test, P = 0.048; BF10 = 1.543). European HPGs were better than Croatian HPGs in reporting stakeholder involvement and values and preferences (BF10 = 80.63), as well as describing the implications of costs and resources (BF10 = 55.15). Croatian HPGs better reported HPGs specified aims (BF10 = 16.90), primary intended users (BF10 = 8.70), and sources of funding (BF10 = 122.90). Most insufficiently reported items for both HPG sets were defining the guideline questions and clear outcomes, quality assurance, management of funding and conflicts of interest, and guideline limitations. Conclusions Important methodological details are missing from most published HPGs at national and transnational levels. To ensure better quality and adequate use of HPGs, reporting guidelines should be endorsed and used by developers and users alike. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13012-018-0828-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Tokalić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
| | - Marin Viđak
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Buljan
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Viđak M, Tokalić R, Marušić M, Puljak L, Sapunar D. Improving completion rates of students in biomedical PhD programs: an interventional study. BMC Med Educ 2017; 17:144. [PMID: 28841882 PMCID: PMC5572062 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of graduation success at the University of Split School of Medicine PhD programs conducted in 2011 revealed that only 11% of students who enrolled and completed their graduate coursework between 1999 and 2011 earned a doctoral degree. In this prospective cohort study we evaluated and compared three PhD programs within the same medical school, where the newest program, called Translational Research in Biomedicine (TRIBE), established in the academic year 2010/11, aimed to increase the graduation rate through an innovative approach. METHODS The intervention in the new program was related to three domains: redefined recruitment strategy, strict study regulations, and changes to the curriculum. We compared performance of PhD students between the new and existing programs and analyzed their current status, time to obtain a degree (from enrolment to doctorate), age at doctorate, number of publications on which the thesis was based and the impact factor of journals in which these were published. RESULTS These improvement strategies were associated with higher thesis completion rate and reduced time to degree for students enrolled in the TRIBE program. There was no change in the impact factor or number of publications that were the basis for the doctoral theses. CONCLUSION Our study describes good practices which proved useful in the design or reform of the PhD training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Viđak
- Medical School, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ružica Tokalić
- Medical School, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Matko Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sapunar
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Filipović N, Žuvan L, Mašek T, Tokalić R, Grković I. Gender and gonadectomy influence on neurons in superior cervical ganglia of sexually mature rats. Neurosci Lett 2014; 563:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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