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Jossi SE, Arcuri M, Alshayea A, Persaud RR, Marcial-Juárez E, Palmieri E, Di Benedetto R, Pérez-Toledo M, Pillaye J, Channell WM, Schager AE, Lamerton RE, Cook CN, Goodall M, Haneda T, Bäumler AJ, Jackson-Jones LH, Toellner KM, MacLennan CA, Henderson IR, Micoli F, Cunningham AF. Vi polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines afford similar early, IgM or IgG-independent control of infection but boosting with conjugated Vi vaccines sustains the efficacy of immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139329. [PMID: 37033932 PMCID: PMC10076549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination with Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi-PS) or protein-Vi typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) can protect adults against Salmonella Typhi infections. TCVs offer better protection than Vi-PS in infants and may offer better protection in adults. Potential reasons for why TCV may be superior in adults are not fully understood. Methods and results Here, we immunized wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in IgG or IgM with Vi-PS or TCVs (Vi conjugated to tetanus toxoid or CRM197) for up to seven months, with and without subsequent challenge with Vi-expressing Salmonella Typhimurium. Unexpectedly, IgM or IgG alone were similarly able to reduce bacterial burdens in tissues, and this was observed in response to conjugated or unconjugated Vi vaccines and was independent of antibody being of high affinity. Only in the longer-term after immunization (>5 months) were differences observed in tissue bacterial burdens of mice immunized with Vi-PS or TCV. These differences related to the maintenance of antibody responses at higher levels in mice boosted with TCV, with the rate of fall in IgG titres induced to Vi-PS being greater than for TCV. Discussion Therefore, Vi-specific IgM or IgG are independently capable of protecting from infection and any superior protection from vaccination with TCV in adults may relate to responses being able to persist better rather than from differences in the antibody isotypes induced. These findings suggest that enhancing our understanding of how responses to vaccines are maintained may inform on how to maximize protection afforded by conjugate vaccines against encapsulated pathogens such as S. Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Arcuri
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health SRL, Siena, Italy
| | - Areej Alshayea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby R. Persaud
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Marcial-Juárez
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palmieri
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health SRL, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Marisol Pérez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Will M. Channell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E. Schager
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Lamerton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte N. Cook
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Haneda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas J. Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lucy H. Jackson-Jones
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Calman A. MacLennan
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, London, United Kingdom
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Perez-Toledo M, Beristain-Covarrubias N, Channell WM, Hitchcock JR, Cook CN, Coughlan RE, Bobat S, Jones ND, Nakamura K, Ross EA, Rossiter AE, Rooke J, Garcia-Gimenez A, Jossi S, Persaud RR, Marcial-Juarez E, Flores-Langarica A, Henderson IR, Withers DR, Watson SP, Cunningham AF. Mice Deficient in T-bet Form Inducible NO Synthase-Positive Granulomas That Fail to Constrain Salmonella. J Immunol 2020; 205:708-719. [PMID: 32591391 PMCID: PMC7372318 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of intracellular infections caused by Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) requires IFN-γ and the Th1-associated transcription factor T-bet. Nevertheless, whereas IFN-γ-/- mice succumb rapidly to STm infections, T-bet-/- mice do not. In this study, we assess the anatomy of immune responses and the relationship with bacterial localization in the spleens and livers of STm-infected IFN-γ-/- and T-bet-/- mice. In IFN-γ-/- mice, there is deficient granuloma formation and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induction, increased dissemination of bacteria throughout the organs, and rapid death. The provision of a source of IFN-γ reverses this, coincident with subsequent granuloma formation and substantially extends survival when compared with mice deficient in all sources of IFN-γ. T-bet-/- mice induce significant levels of IFN-γ- after challenge. Moreover, T-bet-/- mice have augmented IL-17 and neutrophil numbers, and neutralizing IL-17 reduces the neutrophilia but does not affect numbers of bacteria detected. Surprisingly, T-bet-/- mice exhibit surprisingly wild-type-like immune cell organization postinfection, including extensive iNOS+ granuloma formation. In wild-type mice, most bacteria are within iNOS+ granulomas, but in T-bet-/- mice, most bacteria are outside these sites. Therefore, Th1 cells act to restrict bacteria within IFN-γ-dependent iNOS+ granulomas and prevent dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Perez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Nonantzin Beristain-Covarrubias
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - William M Channell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica R Hitchcock
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte N Cook
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Coughlan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Saeeda Bobat
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Jones
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan A Ross
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda E Rossiter
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Rooke
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Garcia-Gimenez
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby R Persaud
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Marcial-Juarez
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, The National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Adriana Flores-Langarica
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
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Bridgman SL, Azad MB, Persaud RR, Chari RS, Becker AB, Sears MR, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Haqq AM, Kozyrskyj AL. Impact of maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infant overweight at 1 year of age: associations and sex-specific differences. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:579-589. [PMID: 29797797 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal overweight or obesity (OWOB) is linked to gestational diabetes, fetal macrosomia and higher rates of caesarean delivery. OBJECTIVES The study aims to assess whether maternal pre-pregnancy OWOB is associated with infant overweight in a sex-dependent manner, independent of microbiota-altering variables. METHODS Weight and length measurements of 955 mother-infant pairs were obtained from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development cohort. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was defined as follows: normal, overweight (25 ≤ body mass index < 30) and obese (body mass index ≥ 30). Age and sex-adjusted weight-for-length z-scores >97th percentile were classified as infant overweight at age 1 year. Associations between pre-pregnancy and infant overweight were determined by linear and logistic regression, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Maternal pre-pregnancy OWOB were associated with infant weight-for-length and overweight risk at 1 year. Except for pre-pregnancy obesity, these associations were not attenuated appreciably after adjustment for birth mode, exclusivity of breastfeeding, exposure to antibiotics and infant sex. Yet only boys born to mothers with obesity were three times more likely to become overweight at age 1 independent of microbiota-altering variables. Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with weight-for-length in male and female infants. CONCLUSIONS Maternal pre-pregnancy OWOB increases the risk of infant overweight, and this association is more evident in male infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Bridgman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R R Persaud
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R S Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Azad MB, Konya T, Persaud RR, Guttman DS, Chari RS, Field CJ, Sears MR, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Becker AB, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Impact of maternal intrapartum antibiotics, method of birth and breastfeeding on gut microbiota during the first year of life: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2015; 123:983-93. [PMID: 26412384 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysbiosis of the infant gut microbiota may have long-term health consequences. This study aimed to determine the impact of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) on infant gut microbiota, and to explore whether breastfeeding modifies these effects. DESIGN Prospective pregnancy cohort of Canadian infants born in 2010-2012: the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study. SETTING General community. SAMPLE Representative sub-sample of 198 healthy term infants from the CHILD Study. METHODS Maternal IAP exposures and birth method were documented from hospital records and breastfeeding was reported by mothers. Infant gut microbiota was characterised by Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing of faecal samples at 3 and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Infant gut microbiota profiles. RESULTS In this cohort, 21% of mothers received IAP for Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis or pre-labour rupture of membranes; another 23% received IAP for elective or emergency caesarean section (CS). Infant gut microbiota community structures at 3 months differed significantly with all IAP exposures, and differences persisted to 12 months for infants delivered by emergency CS. Taxon-specific composition also differed, with the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides under-represented, and Enterococcus and Clostridium over-represented at 3 months following maternal IAP. Microbiota differences were especially evident following IAP with emergency CS, with some changes (increased Clostridiales and decreased Bacteroidaceae) persisting to 12 months, particularly among non-breastfed infants. CONCLUSIONS Intrapartum antibiotics in caesarean and vaginal delivery are associated with infant gut microbiota dysbiosis, and breastfeeding modifies some of these effects. Further research is warranted to explore the health consequences of these associations. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Maternal #antibiotics during childbirth alter the infant gut #microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T Konya
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R R Persaud
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - D S Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R S Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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