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Martin RC. Disparities in Heart Failure Management in Older Adults. Curr Geri Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-022-00378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Challa SR, Nalamolu KR, Fornal CA, Wang BC, Martin RC, Olson EA, Ujjainwala AL, Pinson DM, Klopfenstein JD, Veeravalli KK. Therapeutic efficacy of matrix metalloproteinase-12 suppression on neurological recovery after ischemic stroke: Optimal treatment timing and duration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1012812. [PMID: 36267234 PMCID: PMC9577328 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1012812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that the post-ischemic induction of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in the brain degrades tight junction proteins, increases MMP-9 and TNFα expression, and contributes to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, apoptosis, demyelination, and infarct volume development. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the effect of MMP-12 suppression by shRNA-mediated gene silencing on neurological/functional recovery, (2) establish the optimal timing of MMP-12shRNA treatment that provides maximum therapeutic benefit, (3) compare the effectiveness of acute versus chronic MMP-12 suppression, and (4) evaluate potential sex-related differences in treatment outcomes. Young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Cohorts of rats were administered either MMP-12shRNA or scrambled shRNA sequence (control) expressing plasmids (1 mg/kg; i.v.) formulated as nanoparticles. At designated time points after reperfusion, rats from various groups were subjected to a battery of neurological tests to assess their reflex, balance, sensory, and motor functions. Suppression of MMP-12 promoted the neurological recovery of stroke-induced male and female rats, although the effect was less apparent in females. Immediate treatment after reperfusion resulted in a better recovery of sensory and motor function than delayed treatments. Chronic MMP-12 suppression neither enhanced nor diminished the therapeutic effects of acute MMP-12 suppression, indicating that a single dose of plasmid may be sufficient. We conclude that suppressing MMP-12 after an ischemic stroke is a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting the recovery of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Nalamolu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Casimir A. Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Billy C. Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Children’s Hospital of Illinois, OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ryan C. Martin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Elsa A. Olson
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ammar L. Ujjainwala
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - David M. Pinson
- Department of Health Sciences Education and Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,OSF HealthCare Saint Francis Medical Center, Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Krishna Kumar Veeravalli,
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3
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Martin RC, Petitt JC, Pan X, Edwards AM, Desai AD, Mahajan UV, Labak CM, Herring EZ, Mauria R, Gordon Z, Pronovost PJ, Smith G. Spine centers of excellence: a systematic review and single-institution description of a spine center of excellence. J Spine Surg 2022; 8:44-53. [PMID: 35441105 PMCID: PMC8990401 DOI: 10.21037/jss-21-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centers of excellence (COEs) are interdisciplinary healthcare organizations created with the goal of improving health/economic outcomes in medical treatment for both individuals and health systems, compared to traditionally structured counterparts. Multiple studies have highlighted both societal/individual burdens associated with back pain, underscoring the importance of identifying new avenues for improving both cost/clinical outcomes for this patient population. Here, we utilize available literature to better characterize the features of a spine COE at a tertiary care center and determine the impact of COEs on patient satisfaction and outcomes. METHODS A systematic review describing spine COEs was performed. PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were utilized for electronic literature search. Data including institution, department, pathologies treated, patient satisfaction scores, patient outcomes, and descriptions of the COE, were extracted and analyzed by two reviewers per full-text article. Inclusion criteria consisted of literature describing the organization, purpose, or outcomes of a spine COE, all publication types (except technical/operative report), adult or pediatric patients, publication from inception through September 2021. Exclusion criteria consisted of articles that do not discuss spinal COEs, technical/operative reports, studies unavailable in English language, unavailable full text, or non-human subjects. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Five hundred and sixty-seven unique publications were obtained from the literature search. Of these articles, 20 were included and 547 were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following full-text review of the 20 publications, 6 contained pertinent data. Quantitative data comparing COE versus non-COE was contradictory in comparing complication rates and episodic costs. Qualitative data included descriptions of spine COE features and cited improved patient care, technical advancements, and individualized care paths as positive aspects of the COE model. Mean risk of bias assessment was 3.67. DISCUSSION There is little evidence regarding if spine COEs provide an advantage over traditionally organized facilities. The current number and heterogeneity of publications, and lack of standardized metrics used to define a spinal COE are limiting factors. Spinal COE may offer higher value care, reduced complication rates and advancements in knowledge and technical skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Martin
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordan C. Petitt
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xuankang Pan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Edwards
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ansh D. Desai
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Uma V. Mahajan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Collin M. Labak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric Z. Herring
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rohit Mauria
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Gordon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter J. Pronovost
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabriel Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Chan AWS, Cho IK, Li CX, Zhang X, Patel S, Rusnak R, Raper J, Bachevalier J, Moran SP, Chi T, Cannon KH, Hunter CE, Martin RC, Xiao H, Yang SH, Gumber S, Herndon JG, Rosen RF, Hu WT, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Smith Y, Walker LC. Cerebral Aβ deposition in an Aβ-precursor protein-transgenic rhesus monkey. Aging Brain 2022; 2:100044. [PMID: 36589695 PMCID: PMC9802652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ultimate goal of developing a more representative animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), two female amyloid-β-(Aβ) precursor protein-transgenic (APPtg) rhesus monkeys were generated by lentiviral transduction of the APP gene into rhesus oocytes, followed by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The APP-transgene included the AD-associated Swedish K670N/M671L and Indiana V717F mutations (APPSWE/IND) regulated by the human polyubiquitin-C promoter. Overexpression of APP was confirmed in lymphocytes and brain tissue. Upon sacrifice at 10 years of age, one of the monkeys had developed Aβ plaques and cerebral Aβ-amyloid angiopathy in the occipital, parietal, and caudal temporal neocortices. The induction of Aβ deposition more than a decade prior to its usual emergence in the rhesus monkey supports the feasibility of creating a transgenic nonhuman primate model for mechanistic analyses and preclinical testing of treatments for Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W S Chan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - In Ki Cho
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sudeep Patel
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rebecca Rusnak
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica Raper
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jocelyne Bachevalier
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Psychology, Emory College, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sean P Moran
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Tim Chi
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Katherine H Cannon
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Carissa E Hunter
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ryan C Martin
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - James G Herndon
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rebecca F Rosen
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - William T Hu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lary C Walker
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of the Review Iron deficiency in heart failure has been associated with impaired functional capacity and quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to review mechanisms of iron homeostasis and current clinical data exploring mechanisms of iron repletion in heart failure. Recent Finding Multiple international societies now advise iron repletion for symptomatic heart failure patients with iron deficiency. Due to the chronic inflammation in heart failure, iron deficiency in heart failure is classically defined as ferritin < 100 µg/L or ferritin 100–300 µg/L and transferrin saturation < 20%. Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated benefit from intravenous iron repletion, though studies have predominantly focused on functional capacity and quality of life. A recent study, AFFIRM-AHF, supports the treatment of iron deficiency identified during acute heart failure admissions, noting a reduction in future heart failure hospitalizations. Studies examining iron repletion in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are currently in process. Summary Iron homeostasis is maintained predominantly through the regulation of iron absorption, keeping iron levels tightly controlled in the normal state regardless of iron intake. In chronic heart failure however, iron homeostasis becomes dysregulated with resulting iron deficiency in many patients, with and without associated anemia. Iron is a critical element not only for erythropoiesis and oxygen carrying, but also for energy production at the level of the mitochondria and in other cell processes. We thus propose a standardized approach be utilized to screen and treat heart failure patients with iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Dusty Lisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Emory St. Joseph's Hospital, Atlanta, GA USA
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Nalamolu KR, Challa SR, Fornal CA, Martin RC, Olson EA, Ujjainwala AL, Klopfenstein JD, Pinson DM, Wang DZ, Kalyanasundaram R, Vemuganti R, Veeravalli KK. MMP‐12 knockdown during acute and chronic phases promotes post‐stroke neurological recovery. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elsa A. Olson
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
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7
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Nalamolu KR, Challa SR, Martin RC, Olson EA, Ujjainwala AL, Klopfenstein JD, Pinson DM, Kalyanasundaram R, Vemuganti R, Veeravalli KK. Abstract TP100: Post-Transcriptional Inactivation of MMP-12 Immediately After Reperfusion Facilitates Neurological Recovery After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
We recently showed in a rodent model of transient focal cerebral ischemia that matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) induction in the ischemic brain promotes post-stroke blood-brain barrier disruption, apoptosis, demyelination, and infarction. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of elevated MMP-12 on post-stroke neurological function and to identify the time window of therapeutic opportunity for MMP-12 suppression.
Methods:
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Cohorts of rats (n =8-15/group) were administered with either MMP-12 shRNA or scrambled shRNA sequence (vehicle control) expressing plasmids (1 mg/Kg; intravenous) formulated as nanoparticles. The differences in sample size of various cohorts were attributed to the exclusion criteria followed, high mortality rate in vehicle control-treated group, and sample size required for statistical analysis. To assess the reflex, balance, sensory, and motor functions, rats from various cohorts were subjected to modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS), adhesive removal test, beam walk test and rotarod test at day 1, 3 and 5 of reperfusion. To assess the time window of therapeutic opportunity, various cohorts of rats were treated at 5 min, 3h, and 6h of reperfusion. Investigators blinded to study groups analyzed all outcome parameters.
Results:
The post-stroke percent survival rate in cohorts treated with MMP12shRNA expressing plasmids range from 82 to 89 as compared to 67 in vehicle control-treated group. The cohort of rats treated at 5 min of reperfusion with MMP-12snRNA expressing plasmids showed significantly better functional recovery as assessed by various neurological tests. However, delayed administration of MMP-12snRNA expressing plasmid (either at 3h or 6h of reperfusion) failed to promote any significant improvement in post-stroke neurological recovery.
Conclusions:
Post-stroke induction of MMP-12 in the ischemic brain contributes to neurological deficits and impedes recovery. MMP-12 targeting treatments immediately after reperfusion could offer substantial therapeutic benefits.
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8
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Rose DZ, Meriwether JN, Fradley MG, Renati S, Martin RC, Kasprowicz T, Patel A, Mokin M, Murtagh R, Kip K, Bozeman AC, McTigue T, Hilker N, Kirby B, Wick N, Tran N, Burgin WS, Labovitz AJ. Protocol for AREST: Apixaban for Early Prevention of Recurrent Embolic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Transformation-A Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Anticoagulation After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:975. [PMID: 31620067 PMCID: PMC6763567 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimal timing to initiate anticoagulation after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently unknown. Compared to other stroke etiologies, AF typically provokes larger infarct volumes and greater concern of hemorrhagic transformation, so seminal randomized trials waited weeks to months to begin anticoagulation after initial stroke. Subsequent data are limited and non-randomized. Guidelines suggest anticoagulation initiation windows between 3 and 14 days post-stroke, with Class IIa recommendations, and level of evidence B in the USA and C in Europe. Aims: This open-label, parallel-group, multi-center, randomized controlled trial AREST (Apixaban for Early Prevention of Recurrent Embolic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Transformation) is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early anticoagulation, based on stroke size, secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, and risks of subsequent hemorrhagic transformation. Methods: Subjects are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive early apixaban at day 0-3 for transient ischemic attack (TIA), 3-5 for small-sized AIS (<1.5 cm), and 7-9 for medium-sized AIS (1.5 cm or greater but less than a full cortical territory), or warfarin at 1 week post-TIA or 2 weeks post-stroke. Large AISs are excluded. Study Outcomes: Primary: recurrent ischemic stroke, TIA, and fatal stroke; secondary: intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of ischemic stroke; cerebral microbleeds (CMBs); neurologic disability [e.g., modified Rankin Scores (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale (SS-QOL)]; and cardiac biomarkers [e.g., AF burden, transthoracic echo (TTE)/transesophageal echo (TEE) abnormalities]. Sample Size Estimates: Enrollment goal was 120 for 80% power (two-sided type I error rate of 0.05) to detect an absolute risk reduction of 16.5% postulated to occur with apixaban in the primary composite outcome of fatal stroke/recurrent ischemic stroke/TIA within 180 days. Enrollment was suspended at 91 subjects in 2019 after a focused guideline update recommended direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over warfarin in AF, excepting valvular disease (Class I, level of evidence A). Discussion: AREST will offer randomized controlled trial data about timeliness and safety of anticoagulation in AIS patients with AF. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02283294.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Rose
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John N Meriwether
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael G Fradley
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Swetha Renati
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ryan C Martin
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Kasprowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aarti Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maxim Mokin
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ryan Murtagh
- Department of Radiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Kip
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Andrea C Bozeman
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tara McTigue
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nicholas Hilker
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bonnie Kirby
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Natasha Wick
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nhi Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - W Scott Burgin
- Department of Neurology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Arthur J Labovitz
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Dong C, Wang K, Di Tullio MR, Gutierrez C, Koch S, García EJ, Zevallos JC, Nobo U, Martin RC, Burgin WS, Rose DZ, Romano JG, Goldberger JJ, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Disparities and Temporal Trends in Stroke Care Outcomes in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The FLiPER-AF Stroke Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 2. [PMID: 33313602 DOI: 10.29011/2688-8734.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac cause of ischemic stroke. However, the relation between AF and stroke care outcomes in diverse populations is understudied. We aimed to evaluate sex and race-ethnic disparities associated with AF in hospital stroke outcomes utilizing data from the FLorida PuErto Rico Atrial Fibrillation (FLiPER-AF) Stroke Study. Methods The study included 104,308 ischemic stroke cases with available information on AF status enrolled in a state-wide stroke registry from 2010 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between AF and stroke outcomes and the modification effects on the associations by sex and by race-ethnicity, adjusted for socio-demographic status, vascular risk factors and stroke severity. Results AF was present in 23% of ischemic stroke cases. AF was associated with worse disability at discharge (OR=1.11, 95% CI, 1.04-1.18), less discharge to home (OR=0.89, 0.85-0.92), and longer length of hospital stay (LOS>6 days, OR=1.53, 1.46-1.60). Interaction analyses showed that the association between AF and less discharge to home was stronger in women than men (p for interaction <0.001), as well as in FL-whites than in FL-blacks, FL-Hispanics or PR-Hispanics (p for interaction=0.002). The association between AF and prolonged LOS was more prominent in PR-Hispanics than in FL-blacks, FL-Hispanics, or FL-whites (p for interaction <0.001). From 2010 to 2016, the effects of AF on hospital length of stay attenuated (p for interaction<0.001). Conclusions AF was associated with poor disability at discharge, less discharge to home, and prolonged hospital length of stay for acute stroke care. The effect of AF on length of stay attenuated over time. Sex and race-ethnic disparities were observed in the effect of AF on being less discharge to home and prolonged hospital stay. Further research is needed to identify and modify the biologic and systems of care contributors to these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Marco R Di Tullio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Enid J García
- Endowed Health Services Research Center, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Carlos Zevallos
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences Research, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Ulises Nobo
- Hospital HIMA San Pablo, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Ryan C Martin
- Department of Cardiology, University of Washington-Seattle School of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - W Scott Burgin
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida Morsani School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - David Z Rose
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida Morsani School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Jose G Romano
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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10
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Martin RC, Martin RR, Putnam ML. First Report of Cocksfoot Mottle Virus Infecting Dactylis glomerata in Forage Production Fields in California. Plant Dis 2018; 102:PDIS02180277PDN. [PMID: 30095321 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0277-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M L Putnam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
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11
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Martin RC, Burgin WS, Schabath MB, Kirby B, Chae SH, Fradley MG, Rose DZ, Labovitz AJ. Gender-Specific Differences for Risk of Disability and Death in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke. Am J Cardiol 2017; 119:256-261. [PMID: 27846983 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the latest American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society atrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines, CHA2DS2-VASc replaced the CHADS2 stroke risk assessment to determine prophylactic anticoagulation, reflecting female gender's association with stroke incidence in AF. However, little investigation has been pursued of potential risk factors associated with worsened stroke severity. In this study, we examined patients with AF with ischemic stroke patient characteristics associated with increased stroke severity. Using the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke database, we retrospectively identified 221 consecutive patients with AF diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and performed in depth chart review, evaluating demographics, labs, and co-morbidities. We analyzed the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge as a surrogate for stroke severity, defining severe stroke as fatal (mRS of 6) or disabling (mRS 4 to 5), requiring max assistance with ambulation or activities of daily living. Female gender, advanced age, and decreased body surface area were associated with disabling or fatal stroke (68.3% of patients with mRS 4 to 6 vs 50% with mRS 0 to 3, 78.4 vs 71.1 year, and 1.83 vs 1.92, respectively). Using a backward elimination approach revealed a logistic regression model with statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) for female gender (OR 1.99) and age (OR 1.04), and borderline significant for a history of coronary artery disease (OR 1.89). In conclusion, female gender is associated in the AF population with a twofold risk of severe disabling or fatal ischemic stroke, a finding that persists after controlling for potential confounders. This finding highlights the potential benefit from appropriate anticoagulation use for stroke prophylaxis in the AF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Martin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - W Scott Burgin
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bonnie Kirby
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sanders H Chae
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael G Fradley
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - David Z Rose
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Arthur J Labovitz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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Philips P, Scoggins CR, Rostas JK, McMasters KM, Martin RC. Safety and advantages of combined resection and microwave ablation in patients with bilobar hepatic malignancies. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 33:43-50. [PMID: 27405728 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2016.1211751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multimodality approach has significantly improved outcomes for hepatic malignancies. Microwave ablation is often used in isolation or succession, and seldom in combination with resection. Potential benefits and pitfalls from combined resection and ablation therapy in patients with complex and extensive bilobar hepatic disease have not been well defined. METHODS A review of the University of Louisville prospective Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Patients database was performed with multi-focal bilobar disease that underwent microwave ablation with resection or microwave only included. RESULTS One hundred and eight were treated with microwave only (MWA, n = 108) or combined resection and ablation (CRA, n = 84) and were compared with similar disease-burden patients undergoing resection only (n = 84). The groups were comparable except that the MWA group was older (p = .02) and with higher co-morbidities (diabetes, hepatitis). The resection group had larger tumours (4 vs. 3.2 and 3 cm) but the CRA group had more numerous lesions (4 vs. 3 and 2, p = .002). Short-term outcomes including morbidity (47.6% vs. 43%, p = .0715) were similar between the CRA and resection only groups. Longer operative time (164 vs. 126 min, p = .003) and need for blood transfusion (p = .001) were independent predictors of complications. Survival analyses for colorectal metastasis patients (n = 158) demonstrated better overall survival (OS) (43.9 vs. 37.6 and 30.5 months, p = .035), disease-free survival (DFS) (38 vs. 26.6 and 16.9 months, p = .028) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (55.4 vs. 17 and 22.9 months, p < .001) with resection only. CONCLUSION The use of microwave ablation in addition to surgical resection did not significantly increase the morbidities or short-term outcomes. In combination with systemic and other local forms of therapy, combined resection and ablation is a safe and effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prejesh Philips
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - C R Scoggins
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - J K Rostas
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - K M McMasters
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - R C Martin
- a Department of Surgical Oncology , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Rose
- From the Department of Neurology (D.Z.R., D.F.) and Cardiology (R.C.M.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa.
| | - Daniel Falcao
- From the Department of Neurology (D.Z.R., D.F.) and Cardiology (R.C.M.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Ryan C Martin
- From the Department of Neurology (D.Z.R., D.F.) and Cardiology (R.C.M.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
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Martin RC, Rose DZ, Wang K, Ciliberti-Vargas MA, Romano JG, Dong C, Asdaghi N, Koch S, Waddy SP, Robichaux M, Waters MF, Sacco RL, Rundek T, Burgin WS. Abstract TMP67: Sex Disparities in Atrial Fibrillation as a Predictor of Poor Discharge Disposition After Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization: The Florida-Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities (FL-PR CReSD) Study. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.tmp67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
It is unknown whether atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for increased morbidity and disability seen in women with ischemic stroke. We sought to determine whether patients with ischemic stroke and AF had poorer outcomes than ischemic stroke patients without AF and whether this effect is more pronounced among women.
Methods:
We analyzed data from the FL-PR CReSD Study, a large quality improvement registry of Florida (N=66) and Puerto Rico (N=9) hospitals based on the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-S) program. Discharge disposition was utilized as a surrogate marker for morbidity and disability, with discharge to home or rehabilitation in comparison to other discharge dispositions (skilled nursing facility, hospice or died). Multilevel generalized linear models were used to evaluate AF and sex disparities in discharge disposition adjusted for demographics, risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, previous stroke/TIA), and NIHSS and CHADS2 scores.
Results:
We examined a total of 55,945 ischemic stroke patients, of whom 11,797 (21%) had AF at discharge. AF patients were older than non-AF patients (79.0±10.9 years vs. 68.7±14.4 years), had higher proportion of women (54% vs. 49%) and more severe strokes (mean NIHSS 10±9 vs. 7±7). Among AF patients, women were older (81±10 vs. 76±11 years) and had greater NIHSS (11±9 vs. 9±8) and CHADS2 scores (3.9±0.9 vs. 3.7±1.0) than men. Overall, AF patients were less likely discharged to home or rehabilitation than those without AF (54% vs. 71%, OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89-0.98). There was a significant effect modification between AF and discharge disposition by sex. In stratified analyses by sex, AF was associated with less discharged to home or rehabilitation among women (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.91), but not among men (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.11).
Conclusion:
Women with AF were less likely discharged to home or rehabilitation facility after ischemic stroke. Baseline differences in age, stroke severity, risk factors, and comorbidities between men and women had little impact on the poorer outcome and discharge disposition after ischemic stroke in women. Further studies are warranted to identify the causes of sex-specific differences in stroke outcomes for patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Martin
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Univ of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Kefeng Wang
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Jose G Romano
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Negar Asdaghi
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Salina P Waddy
- Office of Clinical Rsch, National Institutes of Health/ National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mary Robichaux
- Quality & Systems Improvement Initiatives, GSA, American Heart Association, Marietta, GA
| | - Michael F Waters
- Neurology and Neuroscience, Univ of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Neurology, Univ of Miami Miller Sch of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Martin RC, Vieaux LE. Angry Thoughts and Daily Emotion Logs: Validity of the Angry Cognitions Scale. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-013-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hawley WR, Grissom EM, Martin RC, Halmos MB, Bart CLS, Dohanich GP. Testosterone modulates spatial recognition memory in male rats. Horm Behav 2013; 63:559-65. [PMID: 23481590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that testosterone influences spatial cognition in male rats; however, the overwhelming majority of studies have been conducted on tasks motivated by either food deprivation or water escape. The hippocampus-dependent version of the Y-maze task, which characterizes spatial recognition memory, capitalizes on the propensity of rats to gravitate toward novel spatial environments and is not contingent upon either appetite or the stress associated with water escape, two factors also affected by testosterone. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of orchidectomy and subsequent testosterone treatment on spatial recognition memory. Orchidectomy did not impact spatial recognition memory when the delay between the information and retention trials of the Y-maze task was 24h. Alternatively, on the second Y-maze task, which featured a 48-h delay between trials, orchidectomy reduced, and treatments that produced higher levels of testosterone restored, preference for the arm associated with the novel spatial environment. Importantly, there were no differences in activity levels as a function of orchidectomy or testosterone treatment on either of the two tasks. Consistent with previous findings, orchidectomy attenuated, and testosterone treatment restored, both body weight gain and the relative weight of the androgen-sensitive ischiocavernosus muscle, which confirmed the efficacy of orchidectomy and testosterone treatments on physiological outcomes. Therefore, testosterone influenced spatial cognition on a task that minimized the influence of non-mnemonic factors and took advantage of the innate preference of rodents to seek out novel spatial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Hawley
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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Martin RC, Coyier KR, VanSistine LM, Schroeder KL. Anger on the internet: the perceived value of rant-sites. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2012; 16:119-22. [PMID: 23249241 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that anger is routinely expressed over the Internet via weblogs, social networking Web sites, and other venues, no published research has explored the way in which anger is experienced and expressed online. Consequently, we know very little about how anger is experienced in such settings. Two studies were conducted to explore how people experience and express their anger on a particular type of Web site, known as a rant-site. Study 1 surveyed rant-site visitors to better understand the perceived value of the Web sites and found that while they become relaxed immediately after posting, they also experience more anger than most and express their anger in maladaptive ways. Study 2 explored the emotional impact of reading and writing rants and found that for most participants, reading and writing rants were associated with negative shifts in mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Martin
- Department of Human Development, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54311-7001, USA.
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18
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Triebel KL, Martin RC, Novack TA, Dreer L, Turner C, Pritchard PR, Raman R, Marson DC. Treatment consent capacity in patients with traumatic brain injury across a range of injury severity. Neurology 2012; 78:1472-8. [PMID: 22496195 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182553c38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) across a range of injury severity. METHODS We evaluated MDC cross-sectionally 1 month after injury in 40 healthy controls and 86 patients with TBI stratified by injury severity (28 mild [mTBI], 15 complicated mild [cmTBI], 43 moderate/severe [msevTBI]). We compared group performance on the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument and its 5 consent standards (expressing choice, reasonable choice, appreciation, reasoning, understanding). Capacity impairment ratings (no impairment, mild/moderate impairment, severe impairment) on the consent standards were also assigned to each participant with TBI using cut scores referenced to control performance. RESULTS One month after injury, the mTBI group performed equivalently to controls on all consent standards. In contrast, the cmTBI group was impaired relative to controls on the understanding standard. No differences emerged between the mTBI and cmTBI groups. The msevTBI group was impaired on almost all standards relative to both control and mTBI groups, and on the understanding standard relative to the cmTBI group. Capacity compromise (mild/moderate or severe impairment ratings) on the 3 clinically complex standards (understanding, reasoning, appreciation) occurred in 10%-30% of patients with mTBI, 50% of patients with cmTBI, and 50%-80% of patients with msevTBI. CONCLUSIONS One month following injury, MDC is largely intact in patients with mTBI, but is impaired in patients with cmTBI and msevTBI. Impaired MDC is prevalent in acute TBI and is strongly related to injury severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Triebel
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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19
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Lenz KM, Wright CL, Martin RC, McCarthy MM. Prostaglandin E₂ regulates AMPA receptor phosphorylation and promotes membrane insertion in preoptic area neurons and glia during sexual differentiation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18500. [PMID: 21490976 PMCID: PMC3072395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of the rodent brain is dependent upon the organizing actions of the steroid hormone, estradiol. In the preoptic area, a brain region critical for the expression of adult reproductive behavior, there are twice as many dendritic spine synapses per unit length on newborn male neurons compared to female neurons and this sex difference correlates with the expression of adult male copulatory behavior. The sex difference in the POA is achieved via estradiol's upregulation of the membrane-derived lipid signaling molecule prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); PGE2 is necessary and sufficient to masculinize both dendritic spine density and adult sexual behavior in rats. We have previously shown that PGE2 activates EP2 and EP4 receptors which increases protein kinase A (PKA) activity and that masculinized dendritic spine density and sex behavior are both dependent upon PKA as well as activation of AMPA type glutamate receptors. In the current experiments, we build upon this signaling cascade by determining that PGE2 induces phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit, GluR1, which leads to increased AMPA receptor insertion at the membrane. Treating female pups on the day of birth with PGE2 induced the phosphorylation of GluR1 at the PKA-sensitive site within 2 hours of treatment, an effect that was blocked by co-administration of the PKA/AKAP inhibitor, HT31 with PGE2. Brief treatment of mixed neuronal/glial POA cultures with PGE2 or the cAMP/PKA stimulator, forskolin, increased membrane associated GluR1 in both neurons and glia. We speculate that PGE2 induced increases in AMPA receptor associated with the membrane underlies our previously observed increase in dendritic spine density and is a critical component in the masculinization of rodent sex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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20
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Picozzi VJ, Abrams RA, Decker PA, Traverso W, O'Reilly EM, Greeno E, Martin RC, Wilfong LS, Rothenberg ML, Posner MC, Pisters PWT. Multicenter phase II trial of adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic cancer using cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and interferon-alfa-2b-based chemoradiation: ACOSOG Trial Z05031. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:348-54. [PMID: 20670978 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group sought to confirm the efficacy of a novel interferon-based chemoradiation regimen in a multicenter phase II trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with resected (R0/R1) adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head were treated with adjuvant interferon-alfa-2b (3 million units s.c. on days 1, 3, and 5 of each week for 5.5 weeks), cisplatin (30 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 6 weeks), and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 175 mg·m(2)/day for 38 days) concurrently with external-beam radiation (50.4 Gy). Chemoradiation was followed by two 6-week courses of continuous infusion 5-FU (200 mg·m(2)/day). The primary study end point was 18-month overall survival from protocol enrollment (OS18); an OS18 ≥65% was considered a positive study outcome. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were enrolled. Eighty-four patients were assessable for toxicity. The all-cause grade ≥3 toxicity rate was 95% (80 patients) during therapy. No long-term toxicity or toxicity-related deaths were noted. At 36-month median follow-up, the OS18 was 69% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60% to 80%]; the median disease-free survival and overall survival were 14.1 months (95% CI 11.0-20.1 months) and 25.4 months (95% CI 23.4-34.1 months), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding promising multi-institutional efficacy results, further development of this regimen will require additional modifications to mitigate toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Picozzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98111, USA.
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Abstract
The abundance of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in organically grown potato did not change significantly in response to increasing rates of dehydrated poultry manure. However, peaks of abundance of larvae were shifted forward in time in response to the high rate of organic fertilizer. Tests using excised foliage showed that the shift was not caused by differential larval mortality or longer developmental times. Time allocation to resting, walking, and feeding by adults was similar regardless of fertilizer rate. Adult foliage consumption was unaffected by organic fertilizer rates in no choice tests and significantly affected in few choice tests. A 22% longer larval development time on plants treated with low fertilizer rate than on plants with high rate was the most significant effect. Even though maximum plant height, canopy, biomass, and yield were significantly smaller in the organic than in conventional plots, the suitability of the plants was not affected except for reduced feeding by summer beetles. Summer adults spent less time feeding and consumed two to five times less foliage on organic potato than on inorganically fertilized and conventionally produced plants. The overall influence of fertilizer on Colorado potato beetle populations was limited and therefore can only play a secondary role in management strategies for organic potato. Avoidance of excessive organic fertilizer that promotes short larval development time and extension of the period over which large Colorado potato beetle larvae are present should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boiteau
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Rd., PO Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4Z7, Canada.
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Gilliam FG, Maton BM, Martin RC, Sawrie SM, Faught RE, Hugg JW, Viikinsalo M, Kuzniecky RI. Hippocampal 1H-MRSI correlates with severity of depression symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 2007; 68:364-8. [PMID: 17261683 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000252813.86812.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of an indicator of hippocampal function with severity of depression symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS We evaluated 31 patients with video/EEG-confirmed temporal lobe epilepsy using creatine/N-acetylaspartate ratio maps derived from a previously validated (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H-MRSI) technique at 4.1 T. We also assessed depression symptoms, epilepsy-related factors, and self-perceived social and vocational disability. We used conservative nonparametric bivariate procedures to determine the correlation of severity of depression symptoms with imaging and clinical variables. RESULTS The extent of hippocampal (1)H-MRSI abnormalities correlated with severity of depression (Spearman rho = 0.65, p value < 0.001), but other clinical factors did not. CONCLUSION The extent of hippocampal dysfunction is associated with depression symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy and may be a more important factor than seizure frequency or degree of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Gilliam
- The Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Dahlen ER, Martin RC, Ragan K, Kuhlman MM. Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving. Accid Anal Prev 2005; 37:341-348. [PMID: 15667821 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2003] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential contribution of sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness to driving anger in the prediction of aggressive and risky driving. Two hundred and twenty-four college student participants completed measures of trait driving anger, aggressive and risky driving, driving anger expression, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness. Findings provided additional support for the utility of the Driving Anger Scale (DAS; Deffenbacher, J.L., Oetting, E.R., Lynch, R.S., Development of a driving anger scale, Psychological Reports, 74, 1994, 83-91.) in predicting unsafe driving. In addition, hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness provided incremental improvements beyond the DAS in the prediction of crash-related conditions, aggressive driving, risky driving, and driving anger expression. Results support the use of multiple predictors in understanding unsafe driving behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Dahlen
- Department of Psychology, Box 5025, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, No. 5025, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5025, USA.
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Dahlen ER, Martin RC, Ragan K, Kuhlman MM. Boredom proneness in anger and aggression: effects of impulsiveness and sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The feasibility and profitability of management-intensive grazing (MIG) in Atlantic Canada was studied. Productivity of MIG plus concentrate (1 kg:3 kg of milk) was compared with that of confinement feeding (Confined) using haylage (1996) or corn silage (1997) as 50% of dry matter (DM) in a total mixed ration (TMR). Each year, two groups of 10 Holsteins were used. In 1996, pasture CP content increased from 15.2 to 18.0% of DM, while those of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased (33.6 to 23.8%, and 55.6 to 35.4%, respectively) between July 10 and August 28. In 1997, pasture crude protein (CP) content decreased from 30.0 to 15.7%, while ADF and NDF increased (24.9 to 35.8% and 53.5 to 67.4%, respectively) from June 16 to July 14. Because pasture biomass was reduced by winter-kill followed by drought in 1997, MIG cows were supplemented with TMR. Estimated pasture DM intakes ranged from 14.2 to 18.1 kg/d per cow. Milk yields averaged 29.5 and 30.4 +/- 0.43 kg/d in 1996 and 32.5 and 31.8 +/- 0.61 kg/d in 1997 for Confined and MIG cows, respectively. In 1996, the dietary treatment x time interaction was significant. Cows in MIG had higher yields than those in Confined later in the trial, while fat and CP concentrations were usually lower in milk from MIG cows. Lower body weights resulted with MIG. Few differences between production systems were significant in 1997. Milk revenue (Canadian $/d) from Confined cows was higher (14.03 vs. 13.77 in 1996 and 16.10 vs. 15.39 in 1997), but partial profitability of the MIG system was marginally greater in both years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Fredeen
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Canada.
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Martin RC, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, Brown K, Blumgart LH, Jarnagin WR. Peritoneal washings are not predictive of occult peritoneal disease in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 193:620-5. [PMID: 11768678 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)01065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of peritoneal cytology provides valuable staging information in patients with gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but its usefulness in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of peritoneal cytology in patients with potentially resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. This study evaluated a possible association between positive peritoneal cytology and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, which is commonly used in these patients and may result in peritoneal biliary leakage and peritoneal seeding. STUDY DESIGN From October 1997 through June 2000 26 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent staging laparoscopy immediately before planned open exploration and resection. Peritoneal washings were obtained during laparoscopic examination before any biopsies were taken. Cytologic analysis was performed using the Papanicolau technique. RESULTS There were 18 men and 8 women, with a median age of 69 years (range 42 to 81 years). The most common presenting symptom was jaundice (n = 19). Previous biliary drainage was performed in 23 patients: 9 percutaneous and 14 endoscopic. Metastatic disease was suspected preoperatively in six patients, three to the liver, two to the peritoneum, and one to regional lymph nodes, all of which were confirmed at laparoscopy. Laparoscopy identified five additional patients with metastatic disease. Peritoneal cytology was positive for malignant cells in two patients, both of whom had gross peritoneal metastases. Nine other patients had metastatic disease to distant sites within the abdomen, but none had positive cytology. Overall, six patients had metastatic disease to the peritoneal cavity, only one of whom had undergone earlier percutaneous biliary drainage. CONCLUSIONS Peritoneal cytology was not predictive of occult metastatic disease. Laparoscopic staging identified some patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but analysis of peritoneal cytology provided no additional information. There was no association between percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and peritoneal tumor seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Sawrie SM, Martin RC, Knowlton R, Faught E, Gilliam F, Kuzniecky R. Relationships among hippocampal volumetry, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and verbal memory in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42:1403-7. [PMID: 11879342 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.018301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relationship between hippocampal volumes, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-identified hippocampal metabolic function, and verbal memory in patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS Hippocampal volumes, 1H MRS-derived hippocampal creatine to N-acetylaspartate (Cr/NAA), and verbal memory assessment were obtained preoperatively in 22 patients (six right, 16 left) with EEG-defined unilateral MTLE. RESULTS Left hippocampal volume correlated significantly with left hippocampal Cr/NAA (r=-0.549, p < 0.01), whereas right volume correlated significantly with right Cr/NAA (r=-0.478, p < 0.05). Verbal memory correlated significantly with left hippocampal Cr/NAA (r=-0.594, p < 0.01), but not with left hippocampal volume or right hippocampal measures. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal volumes and 1H MRS-derived metabolite ratios are statistically related, but share only a small percentage of variance, suggesting separate but related pathophysiologic processes. Left hippocampal Cr/NAA appears to be more sensitive to verbal memory function than volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sawrie
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Wilde N, Strauss E, Chelune GJ, Loring DW, Martin RC, Hermann BP, Sherman E, Hunter M. WMS-III performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: group differences and individual classification. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2001; 7:881-91. [PMID: 11771632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The utility of the WMS-III in detecting lateralized impairment was examined in a large sample of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods of analysis included evaluation of group means on the various indexes and subtest scores, the use of ROC curves, and an examination of Auditory-Visual Index discrepancy scores. In addition, performance on immediate and delayed indexes in the auditory and the visual modality was compared within each group. Of the WMS-III scores, the Auditory-Visual Delayed Index difference score appeared most sensitive to side of temporal dysfunction, although patient classification rates were not within an acceptable range to have clinical utility. The ability to predict laterality based on statistically significant index score differences was particularly weak for those with left temporal dysfunction. The use of unusually large discrepancies led to improved prediction, however, the rarity of such scores in this population limits their usefulness. Although the utility of the WMS-III in detecting laterality may be limited in preoperative cases, the WMS-III may still hold considerable promise as a measure of memory in documenting baseline performance and in detecting those that may be at risk following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wilde
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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Martin RC, Derossis AM, Fey J, Yeung H, Yeh SD, Akhurst T, Heerdt AS, Petrek J, VanZee KJ, Montgomery LL, Borgen PI, Cody HS. Intradermal isotope injection is superior to intramammary in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Surgery 2001; 130:432-8. [PMID: 11562666 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2001.116412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy technique remains undefined in breast cancer. Injecting radiotracer or blue dye by a variety of routes seems to stage the axilla with comparable accuracy, and we have hypothesized that the dermal and the parenchymal lymphatics of the breast drain to the same SLN in most patients. Two previous studies from our institution support this concept: (1) a single-surgeon series of 200 consecutive SLN biopsy procedures demonstrating a high dye-isotope concordance for both intradermal (ID) and intraparenchymal (IP) isotope injection, and (2) a series of 100 procedures validated by a backup axillary dissection (ALND) in which the false-negative rate following ID isotope injection was comparable to that of our previous results with IP injection. Here, we directly compare the results of SLN biopsy using either ID or IP isotope injection for our entire experience of SLN biopsy procedures in which a backup ALND was done. METHODS This is a retrospective, nonrandomized study of 298 clinical stage I to II breast cancer patients having SLN biopsy with a backup ALND planned in advance, comparing the results of ID (n = 164) and IP (n = 134) isotope injection. All patients had IP injection of blue dye. Endpoints included (1) successful SLN identification, (2) false-negative rate, (3) dye-isotope concordance, and (4) the SLN/axillary background isotope count ratio. RESULTS ID isotope was more successful than IP, identifying the SLN in 98% versus 89% of cases, respectively. False-negative results (4.8% vs 4.4%) and dye-isotope concordance (92% vs 93%) were comparable between the 2 groups, and SLN/axillary background isotope count ratios were significantly higher with ID than with IP injection (288/1 vs 59/1). CONCLUSIONS ID isotope injection identifies the SLN more often than IP, stages the axilla with comparable accuracy, and is associated with higher levels of SLN isotope uptake. The dermal and parenchymal lymphatics of the breast drain to the same axillary SLN in most breast cancer patients, and ID isotope injection is the procedure of choice in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Breast Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Gerstenfeld EP, Khoo M, Martin RC, Cook JR, Lancey R, Rofino K, Vander Salm TJ, Mittleman RS. Effectiveness of bi-atrial pacing for reducing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2001; 5:275-83. [PMID: 11500582 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011412715439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after cardiac surgery and adds significant cost and morbidity. The use of prophylactic pacing strategies to prevent post-operative AF has been controversial. We previously performed a pilot study which suggested that the combination of beta-blockers and bi-atrial pacing (BAP) may reduce AF after cardiac surgery. We prospectively randomized 118 patients to continuous BAP for up to 96 hours post-operatively versus standard therapy. All patients were treated with beta-blockers as tolerated. Patients were paced in the AAI mode at a rate of 100 pulses per minute. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of sustained AF (>10 minutes). There was a significant reduction in the incidence of AF in the BAP group among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with or without aortic valve replacement (35 % vs. 19 % AF; OR=0.38, 95 % CI 0.15, 0.93; p <0.05). Including patients undergoing isolated aortic valve surgery (n=7), there remained a strong trend toward a reduction of AF with pacing (no atrial pacing [NAP] vs. BAP; 35 % vs. 21 % AF; OR=0.48, 95 % CI 0.21, 1.11; p=0.08). Patients age 70 or greater benefited most from pacing (NAP vs. BAP; 55 vs. 25 % AF; p<0.05), while those less than 70 years of age did not (17 vs. 18 % p=NS). There was a significant reduction in the amount of time spent in the intensive care unit among patients receiving BAP (50+/-40 vs. 37+/-25 h; p<0.05).BAP together with beta-blockade after coronary artery bypass graft surgery reduces the incidence of post-operative atrial AF. Elderly patients (age 70 or greater) appear to benefit most, and may be a group to whom this therapy should be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Gerstenfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Martin RC, Sawrie SM, Knowlton RC, Bilir E, Gilliam FG, Faught E, Morawetz RB, Kuzniecky R. Bilateral hippocampal atrophy: consequences to verbal memory following temporal lobectomy. Neurology 2001; 57:597-604. [PMID: 11524466 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral hippocampal damage is a risk factor for memory decline after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). OBJECTIVE To investigate verbal memory outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with either unilateral or bilateral hippocampal atrophy as measured by MRI. METHODS The authors selected 60 patients with TLE who had undergone ATL (left = 31, right = 29). They determined normalized MRI hippocampal volumes by cursor tracing 1.5-mm slices from three-dimensional MRI acquisition. Hippocampal volumes were defined as atrophic if the volumes were below 2 SD for control subjects. Bilateral hippocampal atrophy was present in 10 patients with left TLE and 11 patients with right TLE. The authors assessed acquisition, retrieval, and recognition components of verbal memory both before and after ATL. RESULTS Groups did not differ across age, education, intelligence, age at seizure onset, or seizure duration. Seizure-free rates after ATL were 70% or higher for all groups. Before surgery, patients with left TLE displayed worse verbal acquisition performance compared with patients with right TLE. Patients with left TLE with bilateral hippocampal volume loss displayed the lowest performance across all three memory components. After surgery, both groups of patients with left TLE exhibited worse verbal memory outcome compared with patients with right TLE. Bilateral hippocampal atrophy did not worsen outcome in the patients with right TLE. A higher proportion of patients with left TLE with bilateral hippocampal atrophy experienced memory decline compared with the other TLE groups. CONCLUSION Bilateral hippocampal atrophy in the presence of left TLE is associated with worse verbal memory before and after ATL compared with patients with unilateral hippocampal volume loss or right TLE with bilateral hippocampal volume loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0021, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioisotope mapping is an essential technical component of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, and most authors define isotope success by an arbitrary threshold SLN-to-background ratio. Few studies have examined the degree to which the relative level of SLN counts correlates with the presence of metastasis. Having removed the SLN with the highest counts, how far should the surgeon persist in removing additional SLN which contain much lower levels of isotope? METHODS We performed SLN biopsy, using both radioisotope and blue dye, in 2285 consecutive patients with stage I-II breast cancer. Successful isotope localization was defined as an ex vivo SLN-to-axillary background count ratio of at least 4:1, and enhanced pathologic analysis (serial sections and immunohistochemistry) was used throughout. RESULTS Among the 1566 patients with more than one SLN site identified, the SLN contained metastasis in 463 (30%). In 369 (80%) of these SLN-positive cases, the SLN with the highest count contained tumor, but in 94 (20%) it was benign. Among these 94: (1) the counts of the hottest benign SLN exceeded those of the histologically positive SLN by a ratio of at least 10:1 in 31% (29 of 94) of cases, (2) the counts of the positive SLN were < 4:1 those of the axillary background in 16% (15 of 94) of cases, and (3) blue dye failed to identify 27% of positive SLN. No optimum ratio of SLN-to-SLN or SLN-to-background counts identified the positive SLN in all cases. CONCLUSION Although the SLN with the highest counts is positive in 80% of breast cancer patients with multiple SLN, neither a relatively high isotope count nor the presence of blue dye consistently predict SLN positivity in all breast cancer patients. For maximum accuracy, SLN biopsy requires (1) the removal of all nodes containing isotope regardless of the relative magnitude of counts, (2) the concurrent use of blue dye to salvage those procedures in which isotope fails, and (3) the removal of all clinically suspicious non-SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- The Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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McMasters KM, Wong SL, Martin RC, Chao C, Tuttle TM, Noyes RD, Carlson DJ, Laidley AL, McGlothin TQ, Ley PB, Brown CM, Glaser RL, Pennington RE, Turk PS, Simpson D, Cerrito PB, Edwards MJ. Dermal injection of radioactive colloid is superior to peritumoral injection for breast cancer sentinel lymph node biopsy: results of a multiinstitutional study. Ann Surg 2001; 233:676-87. [PMID: 11360892 PMCID: PMC1421308 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200105000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal radioactive colloid injection technique for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for breast cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The optimal radioactive colloid injection technique for breast cancer SLN biopsy has not yet been defined. Peritumoral injection of radioactive colloid has been used in most studies. Although dermal injection of radioactive colloid has been proposed, no published data exist to establish the false-negative rate associated with this technique. METHODS The University of Louisville Breast Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Study is a multiinstitutional study involving 229 surgeons. Patients with clinical stage T1-2, N0 breast cancer were eligible for the study. All patients underwent SLN biopsy, followed by level I/II axillary dissection. Peritumoral, subdermal, or dermal injection of radioactive colloid was performed at the discretion of the operating surgeon. Peritumoral injection of isosulfan blue dye was performed concomitantly in most patients. The SLN identification rates and false-negative rates were compared. The ratios of the transcutaneous and ex vivo radioactive SLN count to the final background count were calculated as a measure of the relative degree of radioactivity of the nodes. One-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 2,206 patients were enrolled. Peritumoral, subdermal, or dermal injection of radioactive colloid was performed in 1,074, 297, and 511 patients, respectively. Most of the patients (94%) who underwent radioactive colloid injection also received peritumoral blue dye injection. The SLN identification rate was improved by the use of dermal injection compared with subdermal or peritumoral injection of radioactive colloid. The false-negative rates were 9.5%, 7.8%, and 6.5% (not significant) for peritumoral, subdermal, and dermal injection techniques, respectively. The relative degree of radioactivity of the SLN was five- to sevenfold higher with the dermal injection technique compared with peritumoral injection. CONCLUSIONS Dermal injection of radioactive colloid significantly improves the SLN identification rate compared with peritumoral or subdermal injection. The false-negative rate is also minimized by the use of dermal injection. Dermal injection also is associated with SLNs that are five- to sevenfold more radioactive than with peritumoral injection, which simplifies SLN localization and may shorten the learning curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M McMasters
- Division of Surgical Oncology, J. Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Klodell HT, Martin RC, Allen JW, Polk HC. Advanced surgical technology experience valuable to the basic education of general surgery residents. Bull Am Coll Surg 2001; 86:11-5, 31. [PMID: 17380694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Abstract
Zeatin is a naturally occurring cytokinin. Biosynthesis and metabolism studies of zeatin have been directed mostly at the trans isomer, although cis-zeatin and its riboside occur as major components in some plant species. It is not known whether parallel regulatory pathways exist for the two isomers. Based on the sequence of the gene ZOG1 encoding a trans-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase from Phaseolus (EC ), a cis-zeatin-specific O-glucosyltransferase was isolated from maize. This gene, cisZOG1, contains an ORF of 1,401 nucleotides encoding a protein of 51.1 kDa with 41% identity to the Phaseolus ZOG1 protein. Unexpectedly, the maize enzyme recognizes as substrates cis-zeatin and UDP-glucose but not cis-ribosylzeatin, trans-zeatin, or trans-ribosylzeatin. This finding indicates the existence of cis-specific regulatory elements in plants and suggests that cis-zeatin and derivatives may be more important in cytokinin homeostasis than currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Horticulture and Center for Gene Research and Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304, USA
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Cherry KE, Martin RC, Simmons-D'Gerolamo SS, Pinkston JB, Griffing A, Gouvier WD. Prospective remembering in younger and older adults: role of the prospective cue. Memory 2001; 9:177-93. [PMID: 11469312 DOI: 10.1080/09658210143000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In these studies, adult age differences in event-based prospective memory were examined using an adapted version of G.O. Einstein and M.A. McDaniel's (1990) task. In Experiments 1-3, we varied prospective cue specificity by assigning a specific target word or an unspecified word drawn from a given taxonomic category. In Experiment 3, we manipulated cue typicality by presenting low or high typicality target words. Results yielded positive effects of cue specificity on prospective performance. Age effects occurred when high typicality target words served as prospective cues (Exps. 1 and 3), but younger and older adults performed comparably with moderate and low typicality words (Exps. 2 and 3). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that age accounted for a small but significant amount of variance in prospective memory, although the contribution of age was substantially reduced after statistically controlling for recognition memory. Implications of these data for current views on prospective remembering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Cherry
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-5501, USA.
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Martin RC, Edwards MJ, McMasters KM. Histoplasmosis as an isolated liver lesion: review and surgical therapy. Am Surg 2001; 67:430-1. [PMID: 11379642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is the most common cause of fungal infection in the Ohio River Valley of the United States. Ninety-nine per cent of patients exposed to histoplasmosis develop only subclinical infections. Liver involvement is common in disseminated histoplasmosis, which usually originates in the lungs. There has been only one prior case described in the literature of histoplasmosis presenting as an isolated liver mass. We report a rare case that presented as a solitary right-sided liver lesion invading the diaphragm, with review of the literature for therapy of histoplasmosis of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Kentucky, USA
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Sawrie SM, Martin RC, Gilliam F, Knowlton R, Faught E, Kuzniecky R. Verbal retention lateralizes patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Epilepsia 2001; 42:651-9. [PMID: 11380574 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.30200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the lateralization utility of preoperative verbal retention in patients with and without bilateral hippocampal atrophy. METHODS The sample consisted of 74 patients with EEG-defined unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who had also undergone volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Verbal retention was operationalized by the Logical Memory percentage retention subtest (LM%) of the Wechsler Memory Scale. Patients were divided into groups with (a) bilaterally normal hippocampal volumes, (b) unilateral atrophy, or (c) bilateral atrophy. Two different thresholds (empirically derived vs. normative) were used to lateralize on the basis of LM%. LM% lateralization was then examined by group using chi2, sensitivity, positive predictive values, and odds ratios. Analyses were also conducted separately in the subset of patients who were seizure free after surgery. RESULTS Mean LM% performance was significantly lower in patients with left versus right TLE in the subset with bilateral hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.018), but not in patients with a normal MRI (p = 0.918) or unilateral atrophy (p = 0.087). The odds of a correct lateralization by LM% increased from 1.67 in patients with normal MRI to 36.11 in patients with bilateral hippocampal atrophy. The power of a right and left lateralization prediction by LM% was 100% and 75%, respectively, in patients with bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Similar results were obtained when analysis was restricted to patients who were seizure free after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative verbal retention as measured by LM% may provide meaningful lateralization information in patients who are difficult to lateralize via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sawrie
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Abstract
A developmental case of phonological short-term memory deficit was studied in a highly educated subject. The subject, BS, who had obtained a Ph.D. in molecular biology, demonstrated striking deficits on some short-term memory tasks, particularly for auditorily presented nonword lists. With visual presentation and with meaningful words, he often scored at a normal level. The results indicate a deficit in retaining phonological information but an ability to use visual, lexical, and semantic information to boost recall. Despite this phonological short-term memory deficit, BS scored at a normal level on a syntactic comprehension test and on reading of nonwords. He was impaired, however, on repeated list learning, learning of foreign vocabulary, and transcribing dictated materials. The implications of these results for models of short-term memory and the uses of phonological retention in cognitive processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hanten
- Rice University, University Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Martin RC, Sawrie SM, Edwards R, Roth DL, Faught E, Kuzniecky RI, Morawetz RB, Gilliam FG. Investigation of executive function change following anterior temporal lobectomy: selective normalization of verbal fluency. Neuropsychology 2001. [PMID: 11055252 DOI: 10.1037//0894-4105.14.4.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The nociferous cortex hypothesis predicts that electrophysiological normalization to distal extratemporal brain regions following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) will result in improvements in executive functioning. The present study examined the effects of seizure laterality and seizure control on executive function change. The authors administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trails B, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test to 174 temporal lobe epilepsy patients who underwent ATL. No significant changes were found on the WCST or Trails B tests, regardless of surgery side or seizure-free status. However, verbal fluency significantly improved in seizure-free patients. Findings were consistent with the nociferous cortex hypothesis suggesting selective executive function improvement following ATL. These findings are discussed in terms of recent research demonstrating extrahippocampal metabolic normalization following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0021, USA.
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LeGrand S, Martin RC. Juvenile male sexual offenders: the quality of motivation system of assessment and treatment issues. J Child Sex Abus 2001; 10:23-49. [PMID: 16221619 DOI: 10.1300/j070v10n01_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A group of juvenile male sexual offenders (n=100) completed the Quality of Motivation Questionnaire (QMQ) upon entry into a residential treatment facility. The concepts of Quality of Motivation (QM) Theory are presented to explain the QMQ scores. The scores include Disclosure Level, Sources of Motivation, Life Style Characteristics and Power. The results indicate abnormal motivation scores in the area of Disclosure Resistance, Depression, Primary and Learned Sources of Motivation, and all of the Maladaptive Skills Scores. Recommendations of treatment issues for therapists are prioritized according to QM Theory and presented in a treatment plan format called the Personal Development Plan (PDP). Implications for further research with the QMQ include outcome measurement of changes and comparison with non-offender groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S LeGrand
- Devereux Florida Treatment Network, Winter Haven, FL 33880, United States
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Martin RC, Sawrie SM, Gilliam FG, Palmer CA, Faught E, Morawetz RB, Kuzniecky RI. Wisconsin Card Sorting performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: clinical and neuroanatomical correlates. Epilepsia 2000; 41:1626-32. [PMID: 11114222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1499-1654.2000.001626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A sizable proportion of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) display impairments on tests of executive function. Previous studies have suggested several factors that may explain such performance, including the presence of hippocampal sclerosis, electrophysiological disruption to extratemporal regions, and early age of seizure onset. However, no clear determinants have been found that consistently explain such executive dysfunction. The present study investigated the contribution of several clinical variables and temporal lobe neuroanatomic features to performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in a series of patients with TLE. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with lateralized TLE (47 left, 42 right) were examined. Seventy-two patients from this series underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of age, education, age at seizure onset, seizure duration, seizure laterality, history of secondary generalized seizures, and MRI-based volumes of the right and left hippocampi on preoperative WCST performance (number of categories completed, perseverative errors). Further univariate analyses examined whether the presence of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, mesial temporal lobe abnormalities beyond the hippocampus, or temporal neocortical abnormalities affected preoperative WCST performance. In addition, we examined whether becoming seizure free after ATL affected change in WCST performance. RESULTS Overall regression analysis was not significant. However, an examination of individual partial correlations revealed that patients with a history of secondary generalized seizures performed more poorly on the preoperative WCST than did patients without such history. In addition, patients who were seizure free after ATL did not exhibit better WCST outcome than patients who did not become seizure free. The presence of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, extrahippocampal mesial temporal atrophy, or temporal neocortical lesions did not affect WCST performance. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the presence of temporal lobe structural abnormalities do not significantly affect executive function as measured by the WCST. The present study does suggests that the critical determinants of WCST performance in patients with TLE lie outside the temporal lobe and likely relate to metabolic disruption to frontostriatal neural network systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0021, USA.
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Martin RC, Sawrie SM, Edwards R, Roth DL, Faught E, Kuzniecky RI, Morawetz RB, Gilliam FG. Investigation of executive function change following anterior temporal lobectomy: selective normalization of verbal fluency. Neuropsychology 2000; 14:501-8. [PMID: 11055252 DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.14.4.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The nociferous cortex hypothesis predicts that electrophysiological normalization to distal extratemporal brain regions following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) will result in improvements in executive functioning. The present study examined the effects of seizure laterality and seizure control on executive function change. The authors administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trails B, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test to 174 temporal lobe epilepsy patients who underwent ATL. No significant changes were found on the WCST or Trails B tests, regardless of surgery side or seizure-free status. However, verbal fluency significantly improved in seizure-free patients. Findings were consistent with the nociferous cortex hypothesis suggesting selective executive function improvement following ATL. These findings are discussed in terms of recent research demonstrating extrahippocampal metabolic normalization following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0021, USA.
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Abstract
The radioisotope 252Cf is routinely encapsulated into compact, portable, intense neutron sources with a 2.6-yr half-life. A source the size of a person's little finger can emit up to 10(11) neutrons s(-1). Californium-252 is used commercially as a reliable, cost-effective neutron source for prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) of coal, cement and minerals, as well as for detection and identification of explosives, land mines and unexploded military ordinance. Other uses are neutron radiography, nuclear waste assays, reactor start-up sources, calibration standards and cancer therapy. The inherent safety of source encapsulations is demonstrated by 30 yr of experience and by US Bureau of Mines tests of source survivability during explosions. The production and distribution center for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Californium Program is the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). DOE sells 252Cf to commercial reencapsulators domestically and internationally. Sealed 252Cf sources are also available for loan to agencies and subcontractors of the US government and to universities for educational, research and medical applications. The REDC has established the Californium User Facility (CUF) for Neutron Science to make its large inventory of 252Cf sources available to researchers for irradiations inside uncontaminated hot cells. Experiments at the CUF include a land mine detection system, neutron damage testing of solid-state detectors, irradiation of human cancer cells for boron neutron capture therapy experiments and irradiation of rice to induce genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Martin
- Chemical Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831-6385, USA.
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Hill JM, Atkins AR, Loughnan ML, Jones A, Adams DA, Martin RC, Lewis RJ, Craik DJ, Alewood PF. Conotoxin TVIIA, a novel peptide from the venom of Conus tulipa 1. Isolation, characterization and chemical synthesis. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267:4642-8. [PMID: 10903496 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel conotoxin belonging to the 'four-loop' structural class has been isolated from the venom of the piscivorous cone snail Conus tulipa. It was identified using a chemical-directed strategy based largely on mass spectrometric techniques. The new toxin, conotoxin TVIIA, consists of 30 amino-acid residues and contains three disulfide bonds. The amino-acid sequence was determined by Edman analysis as SCSGRDSRCOOVCCMGLMCSRGKCVSIYGE where O = 4-transL-hydroxyproline. Two under-hydroxylated analogues, [Pro10]TVIIA and [Pro10,11]TVIIA, were also identified in the venom of C. tulipa. The sequences of TVIIA and [Pro10]TVIIA were further verified by chemical synthesis and coelution studies with native material. Conotoxin TVIIA has a six cysteine/four-loop structural framework common to many peptides from Conus venoms including the omega-, delta- and kappa-conotoxins. However, TVIIA displays little sequence homology with these well-characterized pharmacological classes of peptides, but displays striking sequence homology with conotoxin GS, a peptide from Conus geographus that blocks skeletal muscle sodium channels. These new toxins and GS share several biochemical features and represent a distinct subgroup of the four-loop conotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hill
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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