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Kuesel R, Avery C, Jones S, Gauger A, Scott D, Gonthier D. Fine-mesh exclusion netting reduces Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) infestation and improves organic fall-bearing raspberry yields. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1727-1736. [PMID: 37548438 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The economical production of small fruits has been significantly complicated by the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, throughout its invaded rage. Fall-bearing red raspberries are especially susceptible to D. suzukii, and significant efforts to mitigate their damage are undertaken by growers. Exclusion barriers made from fine-mesh netting has emerged as an organic compliant strategy to mitigate damage from D. suzukii. Identifying less susceptible raspberry cultivars may also alleviate D. suzukii damage. Key pollination complications arise from exclusion-based tactics, but properly timing exclusion establishment may provide a remedy. In a 2-yr-old fall-bearing raspberry planting containing 3 cultivars, exclusion barriers were erected at 2 phenological timings. Spinosad- and pyrethrin-based pesticides were also applied to separate rows throughout harvest and a fourth treatment group matured without management. A subsection of raspberries was harvested and examined for marketability or damage, and D. suzukii adult populations were sampled with baited traps. An exclusion barrier applied early in fruit development was the most effective pest management strategy of those we tested. Its use decreased D. suzukii captures by 75%, decreased D. suzukii-infested fruit weights by 48%, and increased marketable yield by 63% compared to the no management control; however, it also increased pollination deficient fruit weights. Exclusion netting applied later in fruit maturation also decreased D. suzukii captures, infested fruit weights, and the weight of fruits damaged by other arthropod pests but did not significantly increase marketable yield. Our results indicate that netting exclusions may hold promise for the economical production of fall-bearing raspberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kuesel
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chelsea Avery
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alexis Gauger
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Delia Scott
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, N-318 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David Gonthier
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, USA
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Brockman R, Kuesel R, Archer K, O’Hearn K, Wilson N, Scott D, Williams M, Bessin R, Gonthier D. The Impact of Plant Essential Oils and Fine Mesh Row Covers on Flea Beetle (Chrysomelidae) Management in Brassicaceous Greens Production. Insects 2020; 11:insects11100714. [PMID: 33086511 PMCID: PMC7603271 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brassicaceous leafy greens are an important crop for small growers but are difficult to produce due to damage by flea beetles. Flea beetles are problematic for growers as they chew many small holes through leaves rendering produce unmarketable. We tested the efficacy of several essential oils, the woven-mesh row cover ProtekNet, and the spunbonded row cover Agribon, compared to organic and conventional insecticides and no spray controls in the spring and fall of 2019. We found that the two row cover treatments (Agribon and ProtekNet) provided the best control of flea beetles and associated damage. Thyme oil was highly phytotoxic and killed the crop entirely and rosemary and neem essential oils caused mild phytotoxic burns. Organic insecticides rarely performed better than the no spray control. While conventional insecticides controlled most flea beetles, the crop was often still too highly damaged to sell. The results of our study suggest row covers offer producers an effective method of flea beetle control that reduces their dependence on insecticides for conventional and organic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brockman
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Ryan Kuesel
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Kendall Archer
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Kyla O’Hearn
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Neil Wilson
- Department of Horticulture, N-322 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Delia Scott
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Mark Williams
- Department of Horticulture, N-322 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Ricardo Bessin
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
| | - David Gonthier
- Department of Entomology, S-225 Ag. Sci. Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (R.K.); (K.A.); (K.O.); (D.S.); (R.B.)
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Vaidya C, Cruz M, Kuesel R, Gonthier DJ, Iverson A, Ennis KK, Perfecto I. Local and Landscape Constraints on Coffee Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Diversity. J Insect Sci 2017; 17:3064078. [PMID: 28355478 PMCID: PMC5416845 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of agriculture drives many ecological and environmental consequences including impacts on crop pest populations and communities. These changes are manifested at multiple scales including small-scale management practices and changes to the composition of land-use types in the surrounding landscape. In this study, we sought to examine the influence of local and landscape-scale agricultural factors on a leafhopper herbivore community in Mexican coffee plantations. We sampled leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) diversity in 38 sites from 9 coffee plantations of the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico. While local management factors such as coffee density, branches per coffee bush, tree species, and density were not important in explaining leafhopper abundance and richness, shade management at the landscape level and elevation significantly affected leafhoppers. Specifically, the percentage of low-shade coffee in the landscape (1,000-m radius surrounding sites) increased total leafhopper abundance. In addition, Shannon's diversity of leafhoppers was increased with coffee density. Our results show that abundance and diversity of leafhoppers are greater in simplified landscapes, thereby suggesting that these landscapes will have higher pest pressure and may be more at-risk for diseases vectored by these species in an economically important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatura Vaidya
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 N University St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Magdalena Cruz
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 N University St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryan Kuesel
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 N University St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David J Gonthier
- Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Aaron Iverson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E331 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Katherine K Ennis
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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