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Inciardi R, Chandra A, Claggett B, Wijkman M, Selvin E, Kottgen A, Kucharska-Newton A, Diem S, Schultheiss U, Shah A, Solomon S, Vardeny O. Thyroid dysfunction and incident heart failure phenotypes among older adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) study. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Abnormal thyroid hormone concentrations have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and specific heart failure phenotypes is less clear.
Purpose
To examine the association of thyroid dysfunction with the risk of incident HF in older adults without pre-existing HF.
Methods
We analyzed participants enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who attended the visit 5 examination (2011–2013). Participants with previous HF history, and participants treated with amiodarone, levothyroxine, and antithyroid medication were excluded. We used Cox regression models to assess the associations between serum thyroid indices (free thyroxine [FT4], total triiodothyronine [TT3], or thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]) and incident adjudicated HF with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction. Continuous associations between TT3 and outcome were further assessed via Cox model using restricted cubic spline.
Results
Among 3349 participants (mean age 75±5 years, 56% women, 20% black), subclinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in 12% of participants and low T3 syndrome in 3%. Those with overt hypothyroidism (<1%) or hyperthyroidism (<1%) were not included in the analysis given the low prevalence. Over a median follow-up of 5.5 years, incident HF occurred in 198 subjects (5.9%) at a rate of 11.1 per 1000 person-years. Of these, 86 were HFrEF, 83 HFpEF, and 29 were unclassified HF. We observed an inverse association of TT3 level with risk of incident HFpEF, but not overall incident HF or incident HFrEF, after adjustment for clinical confounders and baseline NT-proBNP levels (HR per 1 SD 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.92; P 0.010) (Figure). Similar results were observed for the composite endpoint of incident HFpEF or all-cause death. No statistically significant associations were found between TSH or T4 levels and incident HF. Low T3 syndrome was associated with incident HFpEF, but not overall incident HF or incident HFrEF, after adjustment for clinical confounders (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.08–6.82; P 0.035); however, its association was significantly attenuated after adjustment with NT-proBNP (HR 2.25, 95% CI 0.87–5.79; P 0.09). No statistically significant association was found between subclinical hypothyroidism and incident HF.
Conclusions
In a contemporary biracial cohort of older adults, serum T3 level was inversely associated with incident HFpEF hospitalization. T3 administration could be considered as a potential target in future clinical trials preventing HFpEF hospitalization.
Figure 1
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is performed as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts
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Affiliation(s)
- R.M Inciardi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - A Chandra
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - B Claggett
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - M Wijkman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - E Selvin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,, Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, baltimore, United States of America
| | - A Kottgen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,, Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, baltimore, United States of America
| | - A Kucharska-Newton
- University of North Carolina Hospitals, Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - S Diem
- Minneapolis VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, minneapolis, United States of America
| | - U Schultheiss
- Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Shah
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - S.D Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - O Vardeny
- VA Medical Center, minneapolis, United States of America
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2
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Schousboe JT, Vo T, Langsetmo L, Diem S, Ensrud KE. ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS WITH TOTAL HEALTH CARE COSTS IN OLDER WOMEN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J T Schousboe
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, United States
| | - T Vo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L Langsetmo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Diem
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K E Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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Ensrud K, Kats A, Boyd C, Diem S, Schousboe J, Taylor B, Bauer D, Langsetmo L. IMPACT OF COMORBIDITY AND PROGNOSIS ON HIP FRACTURE AND MORTALITY INCIDENCE AMONG WOMEN IN LATE LIFE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D Bauer
- University of California - San Francisco
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4
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Hasan Ali O, Bomze D, Ring S, Berner F, Fässler M, Diem S, Cozzio A, Jochum W, Zillikens D, Sadik C, Flatz L. LB1513 Autoantibodies against collagen XVII (BP180) favor the development of cutaneous toxicity during checkpoint inhibitor therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Schmid S, Diem S, Krapf M, Li Q, Flatz L, Leschka S, Desbiolles L, Klingbiel D, Jochum W, Früh M. P2.07-012 Patterns of Response to Nivolumab in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Morganstein DL, Lai Z, Spain L, Diem S, Levine D, Mace C, Gore M, Larkin J. Thyroid abnormalities following the use of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death receptor protein-1 inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:614-620. [PMID: 28028828 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Checkpoint inhibitors are emerging as important cancer therapies but are associated with a high rate of immune side effects, including endocrinopathy. OBJECTIVE To determine the burden of thyroid dysfunction in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and describe the clinical course. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Consecutive patients with melanoma treated with either ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab or the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab were identified. Baseline thyroid function tests were used to exclude those with pre-existing thyroid abnormalities, and thyroid function tests during treatment used to identify those with thyroid dysfunction. RESULTS Rates of overt thyroid dysfunction were in keeping with the published phase 3 trials. Hypothyroidism occurred in 13·0% treated with a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor and 22·2% with a combination of PD-1 inhibitor and ipilimumab. Transient subclinical hyperthyroidism was observed in 13·0% treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, 15·9% following a PD-1 inhibitor, and 22·2% following combination treatment with investigations suggesting a thyroiditic mechanism rather than Graves' disease, and a high frequency of subsequent hypothyroidism. Any thyroid abnormality occurred in 23·0% following ipilimumab, 39·1% following a PD-1 inhibitor and 50% following combination treatment. Abnormal thyroid function was more common in female patients. CONCLUSION Thyroid dysfunction occurs commonly in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, with rates, including subclinical dysfunction, occurring in up to 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Morganstein
- Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Lai
- Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Spain
- Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Diem
- Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Hospital Grabs, Switzerland
| | - D Levine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Mace
- Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Gore
- Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Larkin
- Skin Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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7
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Spain L, Diem S, Khabra K, Turajlic S, Gore M, Yousaf N, Larkin J. Patterns of steroid use in diarrhoea and/or colitis (D/C) from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw378.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Bowyer S, Prithviraj P, Lorigan P, Larkin J, McArthur G, Atkinson V, Millward M, Khou M, Diem S, Ramanujam S, Kong B, Liniker E, Guminski A, Parente P, Andrews MC, Parakh S, Cebon J, Long GV, Carlino MS, Klein O. Efficacy and toxicity of treatment with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma after prior anti-PD-1 therapy. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1084-9. [PMID: 27124339 PMCID: PMC4865968 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent phase III clinical trials have established the superiority of the anti-PD-1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab over the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced melanoma. Ipilimumab will be considered for second-line treatment after the failure of anti-PD-1 therapy. Methods: We retrospectively identified a cohort of 40 patients with metastatic melanoma who received single-agent anti-PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab and were treated on progression with ipilimumab at a dose of 3 mg kg−1 for a maximum of four doses. Results: Ten percent of patients achieved an objective response to ipilimumab, and an additional 8% experienced prolonged (>6 months) stable disease. Thirty-five percent of patients developed grade 3–5 immune-related toxicity associated with ipilimumab therapy. The most common high-grade immune-related toxicity was diarrhoea. Three patients (7%) developed grade 3–5 pneumonitis leading to death in one patient. Conclusions: Ipilimumab therapy can induce responses in patients who fail the anti-PD-1 therapy with response rates comparable to previous reports. There appears to be an increased frequency of high-grade immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis that warrants close surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bowyer
- Rockingham General Hospital, Cooloongup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P Prithviraj
- Olivia Newton- John Cancer Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Lorigan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Larkin
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Khou
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Diem
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Ramanujam
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Kong
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Liniker
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Guminski
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Parente
- Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - M C Andrews
- Olivia Newton- John Cancer Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Parakh
- Olivia Newton- John Cancer Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Cebon
- Olivia Newton- John Cancer Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M S Carlino
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - O Klein
- Olivia Newton- John Cancer Centre, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Diem S, Kasenda B, Spain L, Martin-Liberal J, Marconcini R, Gore M, Larkin J. Serum lactate dehydrogenase as an early marker for outcome in patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:256-61. [PMID: 26794281 PMCID: PMC4742588 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment with programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibodies is associated with high response rates in patients with advanced melanoma. Reliable markers for early response and outcome are still sparse. Methods: We evaluated 66 consecutive patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab between 2013 and 2014. The main objectives of this study were to investigate whether, first, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at baseline (normal vs above the upper limit of normal) correlates with overall survival (OS), and, second, whether the change of LDH during treatment predicts response before the first scan and OS in patients with an elevated baseline LDH. Results: After a median follow-up of 9 months, patients with an elevated baseline LDH (N=34) had a significantly shorter OS compared with patients with normal LDH (N=32; 6-month OS: 60.8% vs 81.6% and 12-month OS: 44.2% vs 71.5% (log-rank P=0.0292). In those 34 patients with elevated baseline LDH, the relative change during treatment was significantly associated with an objective response on the first scan: the 11 (32%) patients with partial remission had a mean reduction of −27.3% from elevated baseline LDH. In contrast, patients with progressive disease (N=15) had a mean increase of +39%. Patients with a relative increase over 10% from elevated baseline LDH had a significantly shorter OS compared with patients with ⩽10% change (4.3 vs 15.7 months, log-rank P<0.00623). Conclusions: LDH could be a useful marker at baseline and during treatment to predict early response or progression in patients with advanced melanoma who receive anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW36JJ, UK
| | - B Kasenda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW36JJ, UK
| | - L Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW36JJ, UK
| | - J Martin-Liberal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW36JJ, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Pg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Marconcini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Gore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW36JJ, UK
| | - J Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW36JJ, UK
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Gobba S, Moccia A, Conconi A, Diem S, Cascione L, Aprile von Hohenstaufen K, Gulden-Sala W, Stathis A, Hitz F, Gaidano G, Zucca E, Pinotti G. Survival and prognostic factors in very elderly patients (pts) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): a retrospective analysis of 281 patients over 80 years. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv348.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Shevchenko V, Baranov Y, Bigelow T, Caughman J, Diem S, Dukes C, Finburg P, Hawes J, Gurl C, Griffiths J, Mailloux J, Peng M, Saveliev A, Takase Y, Tanaka H, Taylor G. Long Pulse EBW Start-up Experiments in MAST. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158702007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Diem S, Ess S, Cerny T, Früh M, Hitz F. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in elderly patients: a retrospective analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2014; 25:577-82. [PMID: 24881010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data on patterns of care and outcomes are available for elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) outside of clinical trials. METHODS We identified patients with DLBCL older than 60 years from a regional cancer registry between 2000 and 2010. Based on registry data and chart review, 128 patients from the oncology network of Eastern Switzerland were analysed for patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes of DLBCL. Three age groups were compared: 60-69, 70-79 and over 80 years old. RESULTS Median age was 73 years (range: 60 to 95 years). 52/121 treated patients received 6 cycles of R-CHOP/CHOP, of those 30 (58%), 18 (35%) and 4 (7%) patients were 60-69 years, 70-79 years or older than 80 years respectively, with a significant difference by age group, p=0.001. Median OS of patients 60-69, 70-79, and 80 years and older receiving 6 cycles of R-CHOP/CHOP were: 54 months, 31 months and 24 months respectively. In comparison, patients receiving other than 6 cycles of R-CHOP/CHOP treatment regimens had a median OS of 22 months, 17 months and 6 months, respectively. In the multivariable analysis other than 6 cycles of R-CHOP/CHOP were significantly associated with poor survival. The risk of dying increased by a mean of 6% for each year of age from age 60 years onwards. CONCLUSION In conclusion, treatment regimens other than 6 cycles of R-CHOP/CHOP were significant predictors for survival in our oncology network. The possibility of using R-CHOP treatment regimen should be seriously considered in elderly patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diem
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - S Ess
- Swiss Cancer League, Flurhofstrasse 7, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Th Cerny
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Früh
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - F Hitz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Powles T, Diem S, Wickerham L, Cox D, Amewou-Atisso M, Agnusdei D, Muram D, Mitlak B, Cummings S. Effects of Arzoxifene on Breast Cancer Incidence in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis or with Low Bone Mass. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Precinical and early clinical data indicate that arzoxifene, a third generation SERM, is more potent and bioavailable than raloxifene. Here we report the results of the phase 3, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind GENERATIONS trial of 9354 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (N=5252) or low bone mineral density (BMD) (N=4102), randomly assigned to arzoxifene 20mg/d (N=4676) or placebo (N=4678). The primary endpoints were the incidences of radiographic vertebral fracture in the osteoporotic population (at 36 months) and invasive breast cancer in all study participants (after all participants had completed 48 months of treatment). Breast cancers were detected by annual mammograms and/or clinical breast examination and adjudicated centrally by an independent committee. The primary analysis compared the incidence of adjudicated invasive breast cancer between treatment groups using a log-rank test. Both treatment groups were evenly balanced for risk of breast cancer including age, previous benign breast biopsies, family history of breast cancer, estimated Gail risk and BMD. The trial met both primary endpoints with a 41% reduction in the incidence of vertebral fractures (p<0.001) and 56% percent reduction in incidence of invasive breast cancer (p=0.002). Table 1 summarizes the breast cancer findings after the 48 month follow-up. The incidence of invasive breast cancer in the placebo group was higher in the women who had a Gail score > 1.66 compared to ≤ 1.66 (1.5% vs. 0.6%) and in those with low bone mass versus osteoporosis (1.2% vs. 0.7%), but the risk reduction with arzoxifene was similar between Gail risk groups (HR 0.32 vs 0.57. p-value for interaction=0.31) and between low bone mass and osteoporosis groups (HR 0.34 vs 0.57. p-value for interaction=0.35). Other findings included no significant reduction in non-vertebral fractures or cardiovascular events. Generally, arzoxifene was well tolerated, although there was a significant increase in venous thromboembolism, gall bladder disease, pulmonary obstructive/infective disorders, hot flushes, muscle cramps and gynecological-related events in the arzoxifene group. We conclude that arzoxifene reduces the incidence of invasive breast cancer as well as vertebral fracture. The results of the GENERATIONS trial provide further support for a significant risk reduction of invasive breast cancer by SERMs in post menopausal women.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 51.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Powles
- 1 The Parkside Oncology Clinic, London, England
| | - S. Diem
- 2 University of Minnesota, MN,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Cummings
- 5 University of California San Francisco, CA,
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14
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Görlitz N, Diem S, Hummel M, Ziegler AG, Füchtenbusch M. Versorgungs- und Therapiequalität ambulant behandelter Patientinnen mit Gestations- und Typ-1-Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Diem S, Gutsche B, Herderich M. Degradation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in the presence of nitrite: HPLC-MS analysis of the reaction products. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:5993-5998. [PMID: 11743798 DOI: 10.1021/jf010363y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the identification of numerous novel tetrahydro-beta-carboline-carboxylic acids in food samples, we studied the reactions of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in the presence of nitrosating agents. The anticipated formation of nitroso derivatives from unsubstituted tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, and from tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids was indicated by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and validated by the characteristic product ion spectra of the respective nitroso compounds. In addition, oxidative decarboxylation resulted in formation of the corresponding dihydro-beta-carbolines, and in the generation of the beta-carbolines harman or norharman. Subsequently, we studied the reactivity of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1-carboxylic acids derived from the Pictet-Spengler condensation of indole amines with alpha-oxo acids. Again, in the presence of nitrosating agents the rapid disappearance of the starting material was obvious, but no nitroso derivatives could be observed. Instead, further HPLC-MS/MS studies demonstrated that dihydro-beta-carbolines were the major products of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1-carboxylic acids. Finally, we demonstrated that freshly isolated nitroso-precursors spontaneously decomposed to yield harman alkaloids. In conclusion, we revealed that nitroso-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines can represent intermediates involved in the generation of beta-carbolines, and we established a novel pathway for the formation of harman alkaloids from nutritional tetrahydro-beta-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diem
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Diem S, Herderich M. Reaction of tryptophan with carbohydrates: mechanistic studies on the formation of carbohydrate-derived beta-carbolines. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:5473-5478. [PMID: 11714346 DOI: 10.1021/jf010379o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous carbohydrate-derived beta-carbolines have been identified for the first time in model reactions of tryptophan with glucose and ribose, as well as in food samples. Extending these structural studies, we performed detailed investigations to elucidate the corresponding intermediates and formation pathway of these alkaloids. Degradation experiments with purified tryptophan glycoconjugates established that only glyco-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids, and not the N-glycosides nor the C-glycoconjugates represented the direct precursors of carbohydrate-derived beta-carbolines. In addition, the significance of the oxidative decarboxylation reaction as the initial step for formation of 1-substituted beta-carbolines was proven. Finally, the stereochemistry of the carbohydrate-derived side chain was studied by means of CD spectroscopy and HPLC-CD experiments. These detailed stereochemical analyses yielded experimental evidence for the racemization steps required for formation of the carbohydrate-derived harman alkaloids and confirmed the proposed reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diem
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Bringmann G, Wohlfarth M, Rischer H, Heubes M, Saeb W, Diem S, Herderich M, Schlauer J. A photometric screening method for dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids and complete on-line structural elucidation of a dimer in crude plant extracts, by the LC-MS/LC-NMR/LC-CD triad. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2571-7. [PMID: 11403302 DOI: 10.1021/ac001503q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient evaluation procedure for the chemical screening and on-line structural elucidation of dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids has been developed. The method is based on the lead tetraacetate oxidation of the central binaphthalene core of the alkaloids. UV spectra of the extracts after addition of the oxidant show, in the presence of naphthylisoquinoline dimers, the appearance of a characteristic long-wavelength absorption indicative of dinaphthoquinones. The efficiency and relevance of the method has been demonstrated in the discovery of a constitutionally and configurationally new dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid, named ancistrogriffithine A (4), from the previously uninvestigated Asian liana Ancistrocladus griffithii. After verification of this screening result by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the constitution and the relative configuration of the compound were elucidated on line, by LC-NMR and LC-CD on the extract. Using an LC-NMR-WET-ROESY experiment, itwas possible for the first time to determine the relative axial configuration of a natural biaryl compound on line, by observing long-range ROE interactions. Finally, an oxidative degradation right on the extract delivered the absolute configuration of 4, without isolation of the alkaloid. Ancistrogriffithine A is the as yet only dimeric naphthylisoquinoline from an Asian Ancistrocladaceae plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany.
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Diem S, Herderich M. Reaction of tryptophan with carbohydrates: identification and quantitative determination of novel beta-carboline alkaloids in food. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:2486-2492. [PMID: 11368624 DOI: 10.1021/jf0014112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of various carbohydrate-derived beta-carbolines was observed when model reactions of tryptophan with glucose were studied by means of HPLC with diode array detection, as well as by means of HPLC-MS. Isolation of these compounds and subsequent characterization by tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of diastereomeric 1-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypent-1-yl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (1a/b), 1-(1,4,5-trihydroxypent-1-yl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (2a/b), and E/Z isomers of 1-(1,5-dihydroxypent-3-en-1-yl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (3a/b). HPLC-MS was used to prove the presence of these novel beta-carboline alkaloids in various food samples. In addition, quantitative determination of beta-carbolines 1a, 1b, and 2a/b in numerous products was achieved by means of HPLC with fluorometric detection. Concentrations ranged from 12 to 1922 microg/L for 1a and 1b and from 3 to 644 microg/L for 2a/b. The highest concentrations of all carbohydrate-derived beta-carbolines under study were found in ketchup, soy sauce, and fish sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diem
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Fein M, Fuchs KH, Stopper H, Diem S, Herderich M. Duodenogastric reflux and foregut carcinogenesis: analysis of duodenal juice in a rodent model of cancer. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:2079-84. [PMID: 11062171 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.11.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing rapidly. In rats, surgically induced duodenoesophageal reflux is carcinogenic. One proposed mechanism of carcinogenesis is based on the reaction of physiological bile acids with nitrite to produce carcinogenic N:-nitroso amides. To test this hypothesis, duodenal juice was analyzed for endogenously formed N:-nitroso bile acids and its genotoxicity was determined. Esophagojejunostomy was performed on 15 Sprague-Dawley rats to produce duodeno-esophageal reflux. At the time of surgery and 2 and 6 weeks later, duodenal contents were aspirated and analyzed immediately. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect bile acids and their nitroso derivates. Genotoxicity was assessed using a micronucleus test. The characteristic pattern of bile acid derivatives, with taurocholic acid (TCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA) as the predominant conjugates, was detected in all samples. However, even selective reaction monitoring experiments failed to demonstrate the presence of any N:-nitroso-TCA or N:-nitroso-GCA. In addition, other nitroso derivatives could not be detected in any of the samples by neutral loss experiments monitoring the loss of nitric oxide (detection limit 0.1% of the concentration of TCA). All samples were cytotoxic, but neither the preoperative nor the postoperative samples were genotoxic. Duodenal juice was cytotoxic but not genotoxic. Tumorigenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the rodent model could not be linked to a specific carcinogen, especially not to nitroso bile acids. Chronic inflammation is likely to be the mechanism of carcinogenesis by duodenogastric reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fein
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Toxicology and Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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Abstract
In extracts prepared from various fruits as well as in fruit juices a single tryptophan glycoconjugate was detected by HPLC-MS analysis. Product ion spectra demonstrated the N-glycosidic linkage of a hexose moiety to the indole nitrogen. For structure elucidation, the novel tryptophan glycoside was isolated from pear juice and identified as N(1)-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(4)C(1))-L-tryptophan by (1)H, HH-COSY and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Finally, we disclosed the biosynthetic origin of the novel tryptophan metabolite by demonstrating the enzymatic glycosylation of deuterium-labeled tryptophan, which was applied to pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diem
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gutsche B, Diem S, Herderich M. Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of tryptophan derivatives in food. Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 467:757-67. [PMID: 10721129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge about bioactive tryptophan derivatives in the diet is rather limited. Consequently, our attention was focused on the efficient profiling, i.e. the structure specific detection, of novel tetrahydro-beta-carbolines and tryptophan glycoconjugates in food samples. Applying HPLC-MS/MS for screening and structural characterization, numerous products derived from the reaction of tryptophan with alpha-oxo acids and carbohydrates could be identified by means of neutral loss scanning. Subsequently, product ion experiments followed by the synthesis of the respective reference compounds accomplished structure elucidation of tryptophan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutsche
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Germany
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Oddone EZ, Horner RD, Sloane R, McIntyre L, Ward A, Whittle J, Passman LJ, Kroupa L, Heaney R, Diem S, Matchar D. Race, presenting signs and symptoms, use of carotid artery imaging, and appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1999; 30:1350-6. [PMID: 10390306 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.30.7.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to determine whether there are racial differences in use of carotid artery imaging after controlling for clinical factors and to ascertain racial differences in presenting signs and symptoms and overall appropriateness for carotid endarterectomy (CE). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 803 patients older than 45 years, hospitalized between 1991 and 1994 at any of 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, with a discharge diagnosis of transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record, including presenting symptoms, diagnostic test results, and use of surgical procedures. Appropriateness for CE was determined according to RAND criteria. RESULTS Black patients were more likely than white patients to present with stroke (78% versus 55%) but less likely to present with transient ischemic attack (22% versus 45%; P=0.001). There was no racial difference in medical comorbidity or preoperative risk. Black patients were less likely to have an imaging study of their carotid arteries (67% versus 79%; P=0.001). Race remained an independent predictor of imaging after adjustment for clinical factors (odds ratio=1.50; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.13). Because of higher prevalence of significant carotid artery stenosis, whites were significantly more likely than blacks to be assessed as appropriate candidates for surgery with the use of RAND criteria (18% versus 4%; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Use of carotid artery imaging, a critical step in determining eligibility for CE, is influenced by the patient's race after controlling for clinical presentation. Adjustment for appropriateness of CE reduces but does not eliminate the importance of race.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Oddone
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Stieger S, Diem S, Jakob A, Brodbeck U. Enzymatic properties of phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase C from rat liver and phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D from rat serum. Eur J Biochem 1991; 197:67-73. [PMID: 1849823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using phosphatidylinositol-glycan (PtdIns-glycan) anchored acetylcholinesterase from bovine erythrocytes as substrate, we found PtdIns-glycan-anchor-degrading activity in rat liver and serum [corrected]. The hepatic enzyme was only soluble in detergents, whereas the serum enzyme occurs as soluble, slightly amphiphilic protein. Using 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m- [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine-labelled acetylcholinesterase as substrate, we showed that the hepatic anchor-degrading enzyme had a cleavage specificity of a phospholipase C, whereas the serum enzyme was a phospholipase D. Both enzyme exhibited maximal activity in slightly acidic conditions and at low ionic strength. They had a high affinity for the PtdIns-glycan anchor of the substrate (Km = 0.1 microM and 0.16 microM, respectively). Both hepatic PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipase C and serum PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipase D gave a large increase in activity between 0.1-10 microM Ca2+, indicating that PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipases are only marginally active at physiological intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. The enzymes were inhibited by heavy metal chelating agents such as 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridyl but not by the corresponding Fe2+ complexes or non-chelating analogues, indicating that they both require a heavy metal ion for the expression of catalytic activity in addition to Ca2+. Another interesting property of PtdIns-glycan-specific phospholipases is their inactivation by bicarbonate and cyanate. The inactivation was time- and pH-dependent and could be reversed by dialysis. These observations are in agreement with a covalent modification of the enzymes by carbamoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stieger
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Ethacrynic acid (ECA) was used to study the relationship between ion transport and alpha-adrenergic activation of glycogenolysis in perfused rat livers. ECA alone enhanced glycogenolysis and produced a massive loss of K+ from the liver. These effects were partially blocked by dithioerythritol. ECA suppressed the metabolic responses to phenylephrine and the alpha-adrenergic redistribution of ions. Ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive ATPase of isolated liver plasma membranes were inhibited and binding of [3H]epinephrine to alpha-adrenergic sites was decreased by ECA. It is concluded that in liver ECA acts at three different sites by blocking SH groups: active ion transport across the plasma membrane, alpha-adrenoreceptors, and phosphorylase phosphatase.
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Jakob A, Diem S. Metabolic responses of perfused rat livers to alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, glucagon and cyclic AMP. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1975; 404:57-66. [PMID: 240432 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(75)90147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The mechanism of action of glucagon and epinephrine was studied in perfused rat livers. Hormone-induced transitions from one metabolic steady state to another were followed in a non-recirculating perfusion system. Glucose and lactate production rates, oxygen uptake and K+ redistribution were measured. 2. Glucagon (3 nM), cyclic AMP (0.2 mM) and epinephrine (0.5 muM) had similar effects on K+ concentrations in the perfusate. Glycogenolysis responded more rapidly and O2 uptake was enhanced to a larger extent with epinephrine than with the other agents. alpha- and beta-receptor responses were differentiated by the use of phenylephrine (0.5 muM), isoproterenol (0.5 muM) and adrenergic blocking agents (phentolamine and beta-blocker Ro 3-4787 at 0.1 mM). 3. alpha-receptors mediated an activation of glucose production that was very rapid and was paralleled by a transient decrease of K+ concentrations in the effluent from the liver, lactate production rose gradually. Respiration was also enhanced, but fell again as lactate production increased. 4. beta-receptor stimulation was followed by an increase of glucose production that was less drastic and was paralleled by a K+ release, lactate production and respiration were only slightly enhanced. beta stimulation and glucagon both resulted in an inhibition of the alpha-adrenergic effect on lactate release and simultaneously increased O2 uptake. 5. We concluded that in perfused rat livers alpha- as well as beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation resulted in an activation of glycogenolysis, possibly by two different mechanisms.
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Oelz O, Jakob A, Diem S, Froesch ER. Non-suppressible insulin-like activity of human serum. VI. Difference between the action of insulin and that of precipitated non-suppressible insulin-like activity on glycogen synthesis of rat adipose tissue and muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta 1971; 230:20-9. [PMID: 5543330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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