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Johnstone EV, Bailey DJ, Lawson S, Stennett MC, Corkhill CL, Kim M, Heo J, Matsumura D, Hyatt NC. Synthesis and characterization of iodovanadinite using PdI 2, an iodine source for the immobilisation of radioiodine. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25116-25124. [PMID: 35517431 PMCID: PMC9055183 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a palladium-containing iodovanadinite derivative, hypothetically “PdPb9(VO4)6I2”, was attempted using PdI2 as a source of iodine in searching for a novel waste form for radioiodine. Stoichiometric amounts of Pb3(VO4)2 and PdI2 were batched and reacted at elevated temperatures in sealed vessels. Batched material was also subjected to high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) in order to reduce reaction time and the potential for iodine volatilization during subsequent reaction at 200–500 °C. The resulting products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and Pd K XANES. Results showed that PdI2 can function as a sacrificial iodine source for the formation of iodovanadinite, prototypically Pb10(VO4)6I2, however, the incorporation of Pd into this phase was not definitively observed. The sacrificial reaction mechanism involved the decomposition of PdI2 to Pd metal and nascent I2, with the latter incorporated into the iodovanadinite Pb10(VO4)6I2 phase. In comparison to processing using standard solid state reaction techniques, the use of HEBM prior to high temperature reaction generates a more homogeneous end-product with better iodine retention for this system. Overall, the key novelty and importance of this work is in demonstrating a method for direct immobilisation of undissolved PdI2 from nuclear fuel reprocessing, in a composite wasteform in which I-129 is immobilised within a durable iodovandinite ceramic, encapsulating Pd metal. The synthesis and characterisation of a composite wasteform, comprising iodovanadinite Pb10(VO4)6I2 and Pd metal, is reported, for immobilisation of radioiodine PdI2; the formation of Pd incorporated iodovanadinite “PdPb9(VO4)6I2” was not observed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Johnstone
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - D. J. Bailey
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - S. Lawson
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - M. C. Stennett
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - C. L. Corkhill
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - M. Kim
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - J. Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang
- South Korea
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering
| | - D. Matsumura
- Materials Sciences Research Center
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency
- Sayo
- Japan
| | - N. C. Hyatt
- University of Sheffield
- Materials Science and Engineering Department
- Sheffield
- UK
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Nasab S H, Handa V, Segars J, Rushing J, Evers E, Lawson S, Miller C, Yenokyan G, Bienstock J, Satin A. A mentorship program for academic obstetrician gynecologists that improves publication and overall confidence for success. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T Coughlan
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
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Moffatt S, Steer M, Lawson S, Penn L. CAN ‘SOCIAL PRESCRIBING’ HELP ADULTS WITH LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS TO AGE WELL? Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Moffatt
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - M. Steer
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - S. Lawson
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - L. Penn
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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O'Hare P, Lucchini G, Cummins M, Veys P, Potter M, Lawson S, Vora A, Wynn R, Peniket A, Kirkland K, Pearce R, Perry J, Amrolia PJ. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for refractory acute myeloid leukemia in pediatric patients: the UK experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:825-831. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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McHale C, Briggs R, Fitzhenry D, O'Neill D, Coughlan T, Collins R, Doherty J, Connolly A, Austin N, Freeman J, Tobin F, Duignan E, Mooney C, Lawson S. 271DRIVING PREVALENCE AMONGST PEOPLE ATTENDING A MULTIDISCIPLINARY MEMORY ASSESSMENT SERVICE. Age Ageing 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw159.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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White M, Howel D, Moffatt S, Vale L, Haighton C, McColl E, Bryant A, Becker F, Steer M, Lawson S, Aspray T, Milne E. PL03 Does domiciliary welfare rights advice improve health related quality of life in independent-living, socio-economically disadvantaged people aged ≥60 years, recruited via primary care? Randomised controlled trial with embedded economic, qualitative and process evaluations. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Diel DG, Lawson S, Okda F, Singrey A, Clement T, Fernandes MHV, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson EA. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: An overview of current virological and serological diagnostic methods. Virus Res 2016; 226:60-70. [PMID: 27189041 PMCID: PMC7172987 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular assays such as rRT-PCR are the method of choice for PEDV diagnosis. Multiplex rRT-PCR allow simultaneous testing for PEDV, TGEV and PDCoV. Serological assays provide valuable information on previous exposure to PEDV and population immunity.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of an acute, highly contagious, and severe enteric disease that leads to high mortality rates in suckling piglets. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of PEDV infection is critical for the implementation of control measures for the virus. Many diagnostic tests have been recently developed and are currently available for the detection of PEDV, its proteins or nucleic acid, including virus isolation, immunofluorescence (IF) or immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isothermal amplification assays. Additionally, several serological assays have been developed and are currently used for the detection of antibodies against PEDV. Molecular assays such as real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (rRT-PCR) became the methods of choice for the diagnosis of PEDV infection, providing sensitive, specific and rapid detection of the virus RNA in clinical samples. Whereas serological assays have been widely used to monitor prior exposure to the virus and to evaluate the efficacy of novel vaccine candidates or vaccination strategies. Here we discuss the properties of current PEDV diagnostic assays and prospects for improving diagnostic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Diel
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - S Lawson
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - F Okda
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - A Singrey
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - T Clement
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - M H V Fernandes
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - J Christopher-Hennings
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - E A Nelson
- Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Esquivel C, Patton L, Walker S, Lawson S. SU-E-T-106: An Institutional Review of Using Commercially Available Software to Evaluate Treatment Plan Quality for Various Treatment Sites and Beam Deliveries. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background The implementation of the ‘Removal of the Spare Room Subsidy’ in April 2013, commonly known as the ‘bedroom tax’, affects an estimated 660 000 working age social housing tenants in the UK, reducing weekly incomes by £12–£22. This study aimed to examine the impact of this tax on health and wellbeing in a North East England community in which 68.5% of residents live in social housing. Methods Qualitative study using interviews and a focus group with 38 social housing tenants and 12 service providers. Results Income reduction affected purchasing power for essentials, particularly food and utilities. Participants recounted negative impacts on mental health, family relationships and community networks. The hardship and debt that people experienced adversely affected their social relationships and ability to carry out normal social roles. Residents and service providers highlighted negative impacts on the neighbourhood, as well as added pressure on already strained local services. Conclusions The bedroom tax has increased poverty and had broad-ranging adverse effects on health, wellbeing and social relationships within this community. These findings strengthen the arguments for revoking this tax.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moffatt
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - S Lawson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - R Patterson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - E Holding
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - A Dennison
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - S Sowden
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - J Brown
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK Public Health Department, Gateshead Council, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear NE10 8QH, UK
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Moffatt S, Brown J, Sowden S, Patterson RA, Holding E, Dennison A, Lawson S. Public health implications of UK welfare reform: qualitative research in a North East England community. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku161.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Shofty B, Bokstein F, Ram Z, Ben-Sira L, Freedman S, Kesler A, Constantini S, Shofty B, Mauda-Havakuk M, Ben-Bashat D, Dvir R, Pratt LT, Weizman L, Joskowicz L, Tal M, Ravid L, Ben-Sira L, Constantini S, Dodgshun A, Maixner W, Sullivan M, Hansford J, Ma J, Wang B, Toledano H, Muhsinoglu O, Luckman J, Michowiz S, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Schroeder K, Rosenfeld A, Grant G, McLendon R, Cummings T, Becher O, Gururangan S, Aguilera D, Mazewski C, Janss A, Castellino RC, Schniederjan M, Hayes L, Brahma B, MacDonald T, Osugi Y, Kiyotani C, Sakamoto H, Yanagisawa T, Kanno M, Kamimura S, Kosaka Y, Hirado J, Takimoto T, Nakazawa A, Hara J, Hwang E, Mun A, Kilburn L, Chi S, Knipstein J, Oren M, Dvir R, Hardy K, Rood B, Packer R, Kandels D, Schmidt R, Geh M, Breitmoser-Greiner S, Gnekow AK, Bergthold G, Bandopadhayay P, Rich B, Chan J, Santagata S, Hoshida Y, Ramkissoon S, Ramkissoon L, Golub T, Tabak B, Ferrer-Luna R, Weng PY, Stiles C, Grill J, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Beroukhim R, Fisher MJ, Levin MH, Armstrong GT, Broad JH, Zimmerman R, Bilaniuk LT, Feygin T, Liu GT, Gan HW, Phipps K, Spoudeas HA, Kohorst M, Warad D, Keating G, Childs S, Giannini C, Wetjen N, Rao; AN, Nakamura H, Makino K, Hide T, Kuroda JI, Shinojima N, Yano S, Kuratsu JI, Rush S, Madden J, Hemenway M, Foreman N, Sie M, den Dunnen WFA, Lourens HJ, Meeuwsen-de Boer TGJ, Scherpen FJG, Kampen KR, Hoving EW, de Bont ESJM, Gnekow AK, Kandels D, Walker DA, Perilongo G, Grill J, Stokland T, Sehested AM, van Schouten AYN, de Paoli A, de Salvo GL, Pache-Leschhorn S, Geh M, Schmidt R, Gnekow AK, Gass D, Rupani K, Tsankova N, Stark E, Anderson R, Feldstein N, Garvin J, Deel M, McLendon R, Becher O, Karajannis M, Wisoff J, Muh C, Schroeder K, Gururangan S, del Bufalo F, Carai A, Macchiaiolo M, Messina R, Cacchione A, Palmiero M, Cambiaso P, Mastronuzzi A, Anderson M, Leary S, Sun Y, Buhrlage S, Pilarz C, Alberta J, Stiles C, Gray N, Mason G, Packer R, Hwang E, Biassoni V, Schiavello E, Bergamaschi L, Chiaravalli S, Spreafico F, Massimino M, Krishnatry R, Kroupnik T, Zhukova N, Mistry M, Zhang C, Bartels U, Huang A, Adamski J, Dirks P, Laperriere N, Silber J, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Riccardi R, Rizzo D, Chiaretti A, Piccardi M, Dickmann A, Lazzareschi I, Ruggiero A, Guglielmi G, Salerni A, Manni L, Colosimo C, Falsini B, Rosenfeld A, Etzl M, Miller J, Carpenteri D, Kaplan A, Sieow N, Hoe R, Tan AM, Chan MY, Soh SY, Orphanidou-Vlachou E, MacPherson L, English M, Auer D, Jaspan T, Arvanitis T, Grundy R, Peet A, Bandopadhayay P, Bergthold G, Sauer N, Green A, Malkin H, Dabscheck G, Marcus K, Ullrich N, Goumnerova L, Chi S, Beroukhim R, Kieran M, Manley P, Donson A, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B, Aisner D, Bemis L, Birks D, Mulcahy-Levy J, Smith A, Handler M, Rush S, Foreman N, Davidson A, Figaji A, Pillay K, Kilborn T, Padayachy L, Hendricks M, van Eyssen A, Parkes J, Gass D, Dewire M, Chow L, Rose SR, Lawson S, Stevenson C, Jones B, Pai A, Sutton M, Pruitt D, Fouladi M, Hummel T, Cruz O, de Torres C, Sunol M, Morales A, Santiago C, Alamar M, Rebollo M, Mora J, Sauer N, Dodgshun A, Malkin H, Bergthold G, Manley P, Chi S, Ramkissoon S, MacGregor D, Beroukhim R, Kieran M, Sullivan M, Ligon K, Bandopadhayay P, Hansford J, Messina R, De Benedictis A, Carai A, Mastronuzzi A, Rebessi E, Palma P, Procaccini E, Marras CE, Aguilera D, Castellino RC, Janss A, Schniederjan M, McNall R, Kim S, MacDOnald T, Mazewski C, Zhukova N, Pole J, Mistry M, Fried I, Krishnatry R, Stucklin AG, Bartels U, Huang A, Laperriere N, Dirks P, Zelcer S, Sylva M, Johnston D, Scheinemann K, An J, Hawkins C, Nathan P, Greenberg M, Bouffet E, Malkin D, Tabori U, Kiehna E, Da Silva S, Margol A, Robison N, Finlay J, McComb JG, Krieger M, Wong K, Bluml S, Dhall G, Ayyanar K, Moriarty T, Moeller K, Farber D. LOW GRADE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i60-i70. [PMCID: PMC4046289 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
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Beynon T, Radcliffe E, Child F, Orlowska D, Whittaker S, Lawson S, Selman L, Harding R. What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:599-608. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Beynon
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- Palliative Medicine; St Thomas' Hospital; Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7EH U.K
- Department of Palliative Care Policy and Rehabilitation; King's College London; Cicely Saunders Institute; Bessemer Road Denmark Hill London SE5 9PJ U.K
| | - E. Radcliffe
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- Department of Palliative Care Policy and Rehabilitation; King's College London; Cicely Saunders Institute; Bessemer Road Denmark Hill London SE5 9PJ U.K
| | - F. Child
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH U.K
| | - D. Orlowska
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH U.K
| | - S. Whittaker
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London SE1 7EH U.K
- King's College London; London U.K
| | - S. Lawson
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- King's College London; London U.K
| | - L. Selman
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- Department of Palliative Care Policy and Rehabilitation; King's College London; Cicely Saunders Institute; Bessemer Road Denmark Hill London SE5 9PJ U.K
| | - R. Harding
- King's Health Partners; Guy's Hospital; London SE1 9RT U.K
- Department of Palliative Care Policy and Rehabilitation; King's College London; Cicely Saunders Institute; Bessemer Road Denmark Hill London SE5 9PJ U.K
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Efron P, Nacionales D, Westerveld D, Gentile L, Vanzant E, Ungaro R, Lopez M, Cuenca A, Lawson S, Bihorac A, Moore F, Joseph A, Baker H, Leeuwenbrugh C, Moldawer L. A Failure of Innate Immunity Characterizes the Aged Response to Severe Trauma Rather Than Hyperinflammation. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gogarty H, Robinson S, Lawson S, Collins R, Coughlan T, O’Neill D. Oropharyngeal dysphagia in end of life care. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Green J, Wise E, Lawson S, Liacouras P, Gentile M, Grant G. The Use of Custom 3D Anatomical Spacers in Maxillofacial Resection and Reconstruction of the Temporomandiublar Joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Robinson D, Jerrard-Dunne P, Greene Z, Lawson S, Lane S, O’Neill D. Oropharyngeal dysphagia in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Geriatr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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McRobb C, Walczak R, Lawson S, Lodge A, Lockhart E, Bandarenko N, Ing R. Carboxyhemoglobinemia in a pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass patient derived from a contaminated unit of allogenic blood. Perfusion 2011; 26:302-7; discussion 308. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659111406993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 4.3 kg, three-month-old patient, diagnosed with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, presented for cardiac surgery. Upon initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the patient developed carboxyhemoglobinemia (11.1%). Potential sources for the unexpected acquired carboxyhemoglobinemia were sought quickly. Testing of residual blood from the unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) used to prime the CPB circuit revealed a carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) of 15.1 %. A decrease in cerebral oximetry (rSO2) on CPB was initially felt to be a result of the elevated COHb levels. When ventilation of the oxygenator with 100% oxygen (O2) failed to decrease COHb levels, a partial exchange transfusion was performed with reduction in COHb to 7.1%. The operation was completed successfully and the patient’s COHb levels returned to normal within 75 minutes. Post case analysis of events and data collected during the case revealed a broader differential for explaining the compromised patient’s O2 delivery than the transient acquired carboxyhemoglobinemia. A partial obstruction of the superior vena cava could have triggered the drop in rSO2 on CPB. Follow-up of the donor blood confirmed the donor had previously undiagnosed carboxyhemoglobinemia as a result of chronic carbon monoxide exposure from a faulty vehicle exhaust system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. McRobb
- Department of Perfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,
| | - R. Walczak
- Department of Perfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S. Lawson
- Department of Perfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - A. Lodge
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E. Lockhart
- Department of Transfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - N. Bandarenko
- Department of Transfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R. Ing
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Janssens J, Harries R, Lawson S. High-precision tissue acquisition in the evaluation of breast microcalcifications. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Chen Z, Lawson S, Sun Z, Zhou X, Guan X, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson E, Fang Y. Identification of two auto-cleavage products of nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infected cells: nsp1 function as interferon antagonist. Virology 2010; 398:87-97. [PMID: 20006994 PMCID: PMC7111964 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1 is predicted to be auto-cleaved from the replicase polyprotein into nsp1alpha and nsp1beta subunits. In infected cells, we detected the actual existence of nsp1alpha and nsp1beta. Cleavage sites between nsp1alpha/nsp1beta and nsp1beta/nsp2 were identified by protein microsequencing analysis. Time course study showed that nsp1alpha and nsp1beta mainly localize into the cell nucleus after 10 h post infection. Further analysis revealed that both proteins dramatically inhibited IFN-beta expression. The nsp1beta was observed to significantly inhibit expression from an interferon-stimulated response element promoter after Sendai virus infection or interferon treatment. It was further determined to inhibit nuclear translocation of STAT1 in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that nsp1beta has ability to inhibit both interferon synthesis and signaling, while nsp1alpha alone strongly inhibits interferon synthesis. These findings provide important insights into mechanisms of nsp1 in PRRSV pathogenesis and its impact in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Chen
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - S. Lawson
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Z. Sun
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - X. Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - X. Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | | | - E.A. Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Y. Fang
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Biology/Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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21
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Mills D, Beral A, Lawson S. Attention seeking behavior in dogs – what owners love and loathe! J Vet Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Molina R, Cha SH, Chittick W, Lawson S, Murtaugh M, Nelson E, Christopher-Hennings J, Yoon KJ, Evans R, Rowland R, Wu WH, Zimmerman J. Corrigendum to “Immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during acute and chronic infection” [Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 126 (3–4) (2008) 283–292]. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Molina RM, Cha SH, Chittick W, Lawson S, Murtaugh MP, Nelson EA, Christopher-Hennings J, Yoon KJ, Evans R, Rowland RRR, Wu WH, Zimmerman JJ. Immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during acute and chronic infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:283-92. [PMID: 18835044 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A significant obstacle to the prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the inability of current diagnostic tests to provide information concerning the stage of PRRSV infection. To explore possible prognostic combinations of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, 3-week-old pigs (n=10) were intramuscularly (IM) inoculated with PRRSV isolate VR-2332 and followed for 193 days post-inoculation (DPI). Negative control pigs (n=10) were IM inoculated with minimum essential medium (MEM). At approximately 2-week intervals, blood samples were collected from all animals and tested for the number of interferon (IFN)-gamma-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot, Elispot), PRRSV viremia (quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR), and serum antibodies using PRRSV protein ELISAs (N, GP5 3', GP5 5', M 5', M 3', GP5-M, and nsp2p) and a commercial PRRSV ELISA (IDEXX Laboratories Inc.). All pigs were viremic by 7 days post-inoculation, with 50% of the pigs resolving viremia by 56 DPI. A PRRSV-specific IFN-gamma response was detected at DPI 28, reached a plateau at 42 DPI, declined slightly, and remained relatively stable from 56 to 193 DPI. On the basis of ROC area under the curve (AUC) analysis, the ELISAs that most reliably differentiated PRRSV-inoculated pigs from negative control pigs were the commercial ELISA (AUC=0.97), the N ELISA (AUC=0.96), and the M 3' ELISA (AUC=0.93). Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the immune response and the duration and level of viremia. With all antibody assays and Elispot included in the models, the analysis determined that the serum-virus neutralizing antibody response was the best predictor of both level and duration of viremia. It was concluded that humoral antibody responses, particularly the commercial ELISA, N ELISA, and M 3' ELISA were good predictors of prior exposure to PRRSV, but provided little information regarding the ontogeny of the protective immune response. Likewise, cell-mediated immunity based on the number of IFN-gamma-secreting lymphocytes was a poor prognosticator of PRRSV infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Molina
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, United States
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24
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Johnson J, Lagowski J, Lawson S, Liu Y, Kulesz-Martin M. p73 expression modulates p63 and Mdm2 protein presence in complex with p53 family-specific DNA target sequence in squamous cell carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2007; 27:2780-7. [PMID: 18026135 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The expression of p73 and p63 isoforms is frequently deregulated in human epithelial tumors. We previously showed that loss of p73 protein expression associates with malignant conversion in vivo and ionizing radiation (IR) resistance in vitro in a clonal model of mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. Here we show that loss of endogenous p73 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and tumors was concomitant with preferential DNA binding of the inhibitory DeltaNp63alpha isoform and reduction of transcriptionally active p63gamma isoforms binding to a p21 promoter sequence in vitro. Reconstitution of TAp73alpha in malignant cells increased the steady state DNA-binding capabilities of the endogenous transcriptionally active TAp63gamma and DeltaNp63gamma isoforms, correlating with restoration of tumor suppression but not IR sensitivity. Loss of p73 in malignant cells also coincided with increased presence of p53 family inhibitor Mdm2 in p53-specific DNA-bound complexes, whereas reconstitution of TAp73alpha expression resulted in exclusion of Mdm2 from these complexes. These results suggest a dual mechanism for TAp73alpha to foster tumor suppression through enhancement of the DNA-binding activity of p63gamma isoforms, and through inhibition of transcriptional repressors Mdm2 or DeltaNp63alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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25
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Kelly S, Pype S, Lawson S. 385 SPONTANEOUS PAIN FOLLOWING NERVE INJURY IS ATTENUATED IN THE NAV1.8 NULL MOUSE. Eur J Pain 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.03.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Strizzi L, Bianco C, Hirota M, Watanabe K, Mancino M, Hamada S, Raafat A, Lawson S, Ebert AD, D'Antonio A, Losito S, Normanno N, Salomon DS. Development of leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in MMTV-CR-1 transgenic mice. J Pathol 2007; 211:36-44. [PMID: 17072826 DOI: 10.1002/path.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Cripto-1 (CR-1) in FVB/N mice using the MMTV-LTR promoter results in increased mammary tumourigenesis in these female transgenic mice (MMTV-CR-1). Here, we characterize uterine tumours that developed in 15/76 (19.7%) of MMTV-CR-1 female nulliparous or multiparous mice during 24 months of observation compared with 0/33 (0%) of FVB/N normal control mice observed during the same time period (p < 0.01). The uterine tumours collected from the MMTV-CR-1 mice were classified as leiomyosarcomas and found to express the CR-1 transgene by polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. Detection by western blot analysis showed higher levels of phosphorylated (P) forms of c-src, Akt, GSK-3beta, and dephosphorylated (DP)-beta-catenin in lysates from MMTV-CR-1 uterine leiomyosarcomas in comparison with lysates from normal control FVB/N uteri. Immunostaining showed increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin in the MMTV-CR-1 uterine leiomyosarcomas. Increased immunostaining for CR-1 was detected in 9/13 (69.2%) cases of human leiomyosarcoma compared with staining in 3/15 (20%) human leiomyoma sections. Stronger immunostaining for P-src, P-Akt, P-GSK-3beta and increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin was also seen in human leiomyosarcomas in comparison with leiomyomas. Normal human uterine smooth muscle (UtSM) cells treated with exogenous soluble rhCR-1 showed increased levels of P-src, P-Akt, P-GSK-3beta and dephosphorylated (DP)-beta-catenin and increased proliferation (p < 0.05) and migration (p < 0.01) in comparison with untreated control UtSM cells. Inhibitors against c-src, Akt or beta-catenin, individually or in combination, significantly reduced CR-1-induced migration. These results suggest a role for CR-1 during uterine tumourigenesis either directly by activating c-src and Akt and/or via cross-talk with the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, as suggested by the increased expression of P-GSK-3beta, DP-beta-catenin, and increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin in human and MMTV-CR-1 mice leiomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Strizzi
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hinwood AL, Rodriguez C, Runnion T, Farrar D, Murray F, Horton A, Glass D, Sheppeard V, Edwards JW, Denison L, Whitworth T, Eiser C, Bulsara M, Gillett RW, Powell J, Lawson S, Weeks I, Galbally I. Risk factors for increased BTEX exposure in four Australian cities. Chemosphere 2007; 66:533-41. [PMID: 16837022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in urban airsheds. Elevated levels of VOCs have been reported in many airsheds at many locations, particularly those associated with industrial activity, wood heater use and heavy traffic. Exposure to some VOCs has been associated with health risks. There have been limited investigations into community exposures to BTEX using personal monitoring to elucidate the concentrations to which members of the community may be exposed and the main contributors to that exposure. In this cross sectional study we investigated BTEX exposure of 204 non-smoking, non-occupationally exposed people from four Australian cities. Each participant wore a passive BTEX sampler over 24h on five consecutive days in both winter and summer and completed an exposure source questionnaire for each season and a diary for each day of monitoring. The geometric mean (GM) and range of daily BTEX concentrations recorded for the study population were benzene 0.80 (0.04-23.8 ppb); toluene 2.83 (0.03-2120 ppb); ethylbenzene 0.49 (0.03-119 ppb); and xylenes 2.36 (0.04-697 ppb). A generalised linear model was used to investigate significant risk factors for increased BTEX exposure. Activities and locations found to increase personal exposure included vehicle repair and machinery use, refuelling of motor vehicles, being in an enclosed car park and time spent undertaking arts and crafts. A highly significant difference was found between the mean exposures in each of the four cities, which may be explained by differences in fuel composition, differences in the mix and density of industry, density of motor vehicles and air pollution meteorology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Hinwood
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bellone
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
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29
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Lawson S, Hubbard A. Is the Mammotome excision of indeterminate impalpable lesions found incidentally on mammography best practice? Breast Cancer Res 2006. [PMCID: PMC3332663 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Karanth M, Begum G, Cook M, Lawson S, Porter C, Lister N, Gray J, Darbyshire P, Craddock C, Mahendra P. Increased acute GvHD and higher transplant-related mortality in non-caucasians undergoing standard sibling allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37:419-23. [PMID: 16415897 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study to compare outcome in Caucasians and non-Caucasians undergoing standard sibling allogeneic SCT. End points of the study were to compare graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) occurrence and transplant-related mortality (TRM). There were 251 patients, 43 non-Caucasian and 208 Caucasian. A higher proportion of non-Caucasian patients developed acute GvHD (aGvHD) grade 2 or greater as compared to the Caucasian group (48 vs 26%, respectively) P = 0.02. With a median follow-up of 27 months, 26% (11/43) of non-Caucasians and 14% (29/208) of Caucasian patients had died from TRM, which accounted for 55% of all deaths in the non-Caucasian group compared to 33% in Caucasians, P = 0.02. Overall survival 12 months post transplant was 64 vs 69% in the non-Caucasian and Caucasian groups, respectively (P = 0.43). Although there were higher numbers of CMV-positive patients in the non-Caucasian group, there were no deaths from CMV reactivation in this subgroup. We conclude that there is increased TRM and aGvHD following standard sibling allograft in the non-Caucasian population and this could be due to either differences in tumour biology or extrinsic factors such as socio-economic factors, nutritional status, post transplant care or presenting with late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karanth
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Johnston MD, Lawson S, Otter JA. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide vapour as a method for the decontamination of surfaces contaminated with Clostridium botulinum spores. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 60:403-11. [PMID: 15649542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV) against spores of Clostridium botulinum, for use as a method for decontaminating environments where this pathogen has been handled. Spores were dried onto stainless steel slides and exposed to HPV in a sealed glovebox enclosure, transferred to a quenching agent at timed intervals during the exposure period, before survivors were cultured and enumerated. D-values were calculated from graphs of log10 survivors plotted against time and were found to range from 1.41 to 4.38 min. HPV was found to be effective at deactivating spores of toxigenic Cl. botulinum, non-toxigenic Clostridium spp. and Geobacillus stearothermophilus dried onto stainless steel surfaces. HPV could be used to decontaminate cabinets and rooms where Cl. botulinum has been handled. The cycle parameters should be based on studies carried out with relevant spores of this organism, rather than based on inactivation data for G. stearothermophilus spores, which have been used in the past as a standard biological challenge for disinfection and sterilisation procedures. HPV could provide an attractive alternative to other decontamination methods, as it was rapid, residue-free and did not give rise to the health and safety concerns associated with other gaseous decontamination systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Johnston
- Department 987, Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever Colworth, Sharnbrook, Beds, MK44 1LQ, UK.
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32
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Abstract
This report describes a case of fatal haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) developing in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) during induction chemotherapy. The aetiology in this case is uncertain but it may have resulted from treatment with L-asparaginase or vincristine. The possibility of HUS during induction chemotherapy for ALL should be considered early on in the treatment regimen, if clinical signs and symptoms suggest this diagnosis, so that appropriate treatment can be instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chandra
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- T Coughlan
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
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34
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Weston VJ, Stankovic T, McMullan DJ, Drayson M, Ley BE, Lawson S, Hill FGH. An unrelated cytogenetic karyotype and intra-lineage shift at relapse of an aggressive paediatric B-precursor ALL. Leukemia 2002; 16:2337-9. [PMID: 12399984 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2002] [Accepted: 06/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Weston VJ, McConville CM, Mann JR, Darbyshire PJ, Lawson S, Gordon J, Moss PA, Taylor AM, Stankovic T. Molecular analysis of single colonies reveals a diverse origin of initial clonal proliferation in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia that can precede the t(12;21) translocation. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8547-53. [PMID: 11731441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia is largely unknown, and even with nonrandom chromosomal translocations present, the precise order of clonal molecular events is undefined. We developed an in vitro system using cytokines interleukin (IL)-3, IL-7, IL-10, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand with CD40 ligand-expressing fibroblasts to obtain single blast colonies from which clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH), T-cell receptor delta gene rearrangements, and, in t(12;21)-positive cases, TEL-AML1 fusion transcripts could be simultaneously PCR amplified. The proliferation of early tumor progenitors increased subclone detection enabling us, in seven diagnostic samples, to determine the stage of differentiation at which each leukemia occurred. Four were derived from the stage before initiation of IgH rearrangement, one during recombination of variable, joining, and diversity segments of the heavy chain gene VDJ(H), and two after completion of IgH rearrangement. Furthermore, analysis of a t(12;21)-positive leukemia with unusually late onset, identified both TEL-AML1-positive and -negative colonies carrying a clonal T-cell receptor delta rearrangement, inferring the presence of clonal expansion before the occurrence of the t(12;21). In contrast, in a typical, early onset t(12;21)-positive leukemia, the t(12;21) appeared to be the first clonal event. In both leukemias, the t(12;21) occurred before recombination of variable, joining and diversity segments of the heavy chain gene VDJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Weston
- CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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37
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Surdhar GK, Enayat MS, Lawson S, Williams MD, Hill FG. Homozygous gene conversion in von Willebrand factor gene as a cause of type 3 von Willebrand disease and predisposition to inhibitor development. Blood 2001; 98:248-50. [PMID: 11439975 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.1.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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38
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Amrolia PJ, Vulliamy T, Vassiliou G, Lawson S, Bryon J, Kaeda J, Dokal I, Johnston R, Veys P, Darbyshire P, Roberts IA. Analysis of chimaerism in thalassaemic children undergoing stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:219-25. [PMID: 11472371 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have prospectively assessed the relative contribution of host and donor to haemopoiesis following stem cell transplantation (SCT) in children with beta-thalassaemia major (n = 35), using karyotype analysis or Southern blot/polymerase chain reaction analysis of variable number tandem repeats on genomic DNA from peripheral blood. Early haemopoiesis was fully donor in origin in 24 out of 35 cases and remained so throughout the post-transplant course in all but one patient, who evolved to stable mixed chimaerism. The remaining 11 cases (31%) initially showed mixed chimaerism: four of these rejected, one eventually eradicated host haemopoiesis to become fully donor haemopoietic, and the remaining six had persistent mixed chimaerism, with 5--38% host haemopoiesis. The risk of graft rejection was high when > 15% host haemopoiesis was present at 3 months post transplant: four out of six such patients rejected their grafts; conversely, zero out of 29 patients with < 15% host haemopoiesis at 3 months rejected (P < 0.0001). There was a higher incidence of significant acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in patients with full donor chimaerism. These studies confirm that the mixed chimaeric state is common following SCT for thalassaemia, often persists (with up to 4 years follow-up) and is compatible with long-term cure. Analysis of chimaerism in patients undergoing SCT for beta-thalassaemia enables monitoring of engraftment in the early post-transplant period, provides insight into the biology of engraftment and may be useful in identifying patients at high risk of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Amrolia
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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39
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Vanrompay D, Cox E, Kaiser P, Lawson S, Van Loock M, Volckaert G, Goddeeris B. Protection of turkeys against Chlamydophila psittaci challenge by parenteral and mucosal inoculations and the effect of turkey interferon-gamma on genetic immunization. Immunology 2001; 103:106-12. [PMID: 11380698 PMCID: PMC1783210 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pcDNA1::MOMP A) expressing the major outer membrane protein of an avian Chlamydophila psittaci serovar A strain was tested for its ability to induce protective immunity against challenge with the same C. psittaci serovar. A combined parenteral (intramuscular injection) and mucosal route (DNA drops administered to the nares) of DNA inoculation was compared to three other, different routes of administration (intramuscular inoculation, DNA drops administered to the nares and aerosol immunization). In addition, the effect of turkey interferon gamma (tIFN-gamma) on intramuscular immunization was evaluated by co-expressing pCIneo::tIFN-gamma. A significant level of protection was observed in turkeys immunized via the combined parenteral/mucosal route, the intramuscular route or by aerosol. Severe clinical signs and lesions were observed in the non-vaccinated control groups, in 80% of turkeys inoculated with a mixture of pcDNA1::MOMP A and pCIneo::tIFN-gamma, and in 60% of turkeys vaccinated with DNA drops administered to the nares. The use of MOMP-based DNA vaccination as a means of preventing severe clinical signs and lesions in a turkey model of C. psittaci infection was demonstrated, as was down-regulation of the immune response by co-expression of tIFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vanrompay
- Ghent University, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Belgium.
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40
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Abstract
We compared the performance of 10 well-functioning university students who had experienced a mild head injury (MHI) an average of 6.4 years previously and 12 controls on a series of standard psychometric tests of attention, memory, and thinking and on a series of auditory oddball vigilance tasks to which we also took event-related potentials (ERPs). The MHI and Control groups performed equivalently on all the psychometric tasks and on self-report questionnaires of everyday memory and attention difficulties. The MHI group performed more slowly and with lower accuracy on only the most difficult of the oddball tasks, yet they showed substantially and significantly reduced P300 amplitudes and subsequent attentuation on all the oddball tasks, both easy and difficult. There were no alterations of N1, P2, and N2 components. These data suggest that despite excellent behavioral recovery, subtle information processing deficits involving attention nevertheless may persist long after the original injury and may not be apparent on a variety of standard psychometric measures.
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Lawson S, Rothwell L, Lambrecht B, Howes K, Venugopal K, Kaiser P. Turkey and chicken interferon-gamma, which share high sequence identity, are biologically cross-reactive. Dev Comp Immunol 2001; 25:69-82. [PMID: 10980321 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Turkey and chicken interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) share high identity (96.3% and 97% at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively). As such, we predicted that they would be functionally cross-reactive. To test this hypothesis, we produced recombinant turkey and chicken IFN-gamma, and compared their biological properties. Recombinant turkey and chicken IFN-gamma both induce HD11 cells (a chicken macrophage cell line) and LSTC-IAH30 cells (ALV-J-transformed turkey macrophages) to produce nitric oxide (NO), as measured in an avian IFN-gamma bioassay. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, capable of neutralising the effect of chicken IFN-gamma on HD11 cells, were also shown to inhibit the activity of turkey IFN-gamma on these cells. The antibody neutralisation effect on both turkey and chicken IFN-gamma was shown by a significant reduction in NO production by HD11 cells when the neutralising antibodies were present in the bioassay. FACS analysis showed that HD11 and LSTC-IAH30 cells share some cell surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lawson
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, UK.
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42
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Harrison G, Richards S, Lawson S, Darbyshire P, Pinkerton R, Stevens R, Oakhill A, Eden OB. Comparison of allogeneic transplant versus chemotherapy for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the MRC UKALL R1 trial. MRC Childhood Leukaemia Working Party. Ann Oncol 2000; 11:999-1006. [PMID: 11038037 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008381801403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although reinduction rates are good for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia there is no consensus on whether bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the most effective treatment to prolong second remission. PATIENTS AND METHODS Analyses comparing the outcome of related donor allogeneic BMT (related allograft) with chemotherapy are unreliable because of selection biases. To avoid these biases, the MRC UKALL R1 trial was analysed by HLA-matched donor availability. RESULTS No significant difference in outcome was found between the donor and no donor groups. The donor group had a non-significant eight-year event-free survival (EFS) advantage of 8%, (95% confidence interval -9%-24%) over the no donor group. Patients with a first remission less than two years appeared to benefit most from having a donor, although the effect was only marginally significantly different from patients with longer first remission. Analysis by treatment received gave similar results, with BMT patients having a 5% (P = 0.8) eight-year EFS advantage over patients who received chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Related allograft was not found to be significantly better than chemotherapy, but there was the possibility of a moderate EFS benefit with related allograft. especially in patients with a short first remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Harrison
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
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Lawson S, Rothwell L, Kaiser P. Turkey and chicken interleukin-2 cross-react in in vitro proliferation assays despite limited amino acid sequence identity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2000; 20:161-70. [PMID: 10714551 DOI: 10.1089/107999000312568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned the cDNA of turkey interleukin-2 (IL-2), initially using oligonucleotide primers based on the sequence of the chicken IL-2 gene. Compared with the only other cytokines available for comparison, the interferons (IFN), the coding regions of the turkey and chicken IL-2 genes are much less conserved (86.24% nucleotide identical and 69.93% amino acid identical). The lack of nucleotide conservation was spread across the entire length of the coding region. In comparison, the promoters of the two avian IL-2 genes shared a high degree of identity (95.71% identical over 380 nucleotides). Phylogenetic analysis shows that turkey and chicken IL-2 have diverged to a greater extent than IL-2 from closely related mammalian species. Surprisingly, considering the low level of amino acid identity, including residues known to be important in binding the IL-2 receptor in mammalian species, both turkey and chicken IL-2 cross-react in functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lawson
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, UK.
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Darling E, Harris-Holloway S, Kern FH, Ungerleider R, Jaggers J, Lawson S, Shearer I. Impact of modifying priming components and fluid administration using miniaturized circuitry in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2000; 15:3-12. [PMID: 10676862 DOI: 10.1177/026765910001500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Following a succession of changes in circuitry and priming additives between 1993 and 1998, a comprehensive re-evaluation of neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) practice was undertaken. Samples from 10 infants (Group 1) undergoing CPB were evaluated for osmolality, oncotic pressure, total protein, hematocrit, glucose, and electrolytes (Na+, K+, iCa2+). These samples were tested at six measurement points: (1) after priming, (2) patient pre-CPB, (3) CPB-start, (4) CPB-mid, (5) CPB-end, and (6) post-modified ultrafiltration (MUF). Prime volumes were also carefully measured as well as the type and amount of volume given during CPB. After evaluating the initial data, changes in protocol regarding mannitol, calcium correction, and oncotic strength on CPB were made. Following implementation of these protocol changes, a second set (Group 2) of 10 infants was identically evaluated. Group 1 prime osmolality was 379 +/- 44 mOsm/kg, while Group 2 prime osmolality was 324 +/- 14 mOsm/kg (p = 0.003). There were no differences in osmolality between groups during bypass and osmolality was unaffected by modified ultrafiltration. Ionized calcium levels were significantly different at the end of bypass between Group 1, 0.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/l; and Group 2, 1.17 +/- 0.24 mmol/l (p < 0.001). In Group 1, there was a 40% drop (p = 0.001) in colloid osmotic pressure (COP) levels from pre-CPB (13.3 +/- 3.4 mmHg) to CPB-end (8.8 +/- 1.2 mmHg). In Group 2, there were no differences in COP during CPB. COP levels of Group 1 and Group 2 at CPB-end were 8.8 +/- 1.2 mmHg and 14 +/- 1.9, respectively (p < 0.0001). Total volume addition during bypass for Group 1 was 363.5 +/- 148.7 ml and for Group 2 was 245.1 +/- 92.2 ml (p < 0.05). In conclusion, progressive changes in neonatal circuits and techniques can have potentially wide-ranging effects on electrolyte and osmotic/oncotic homeostasis. An audit of perfusion management through expanded laboratory tests is recommended, especially in periods of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Darling
- Department of Perfusion Services, Duke University Health Systems, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
The major cause of treatment failure following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia is disease relapse. In an attempt to reduce post- transplant relapse in 33 children with high-risk acute leukaemia who received a related or unrelated bone marrow transplant, the pre-transplant conditioning regimen was intensified by the addition of idarubicin. Its toxicity and effects on survival were evaluated over a 57-month period. Toxicity, largely gastrointestinal, was increased but acceptable, and there was no specific regimen-related toxicity. Relapse rates were low (24%) in this high risk group, but mortality was increased in those receiving unrelated donor grafts, largely due to sepsis. Idarubicin does appear to have a role to play in the conditioning regimen of patients with high-risk acute leukaemia undergoing BMT, and may reduce relapse rates without increasing transplant-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lawson
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
AIMS To assess the feasibility of training nurse practitioners to perform bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy, and to compare the quality of these samples with those obtained by medical staff. METHODS A retrospective audit was undertaken of nurse practitioner and medical staff performance in bone marrow procedures in a busy haematology day unit. RESULTS Nurse practitioners fared favourably in comparison with medical staff in performing bone marrow trephine biopsies, with mean biopsy lengths of 11 mm and 10.7 mm respectively. However, only 78% of the smears obtained by the nurses were judged technically satisfactory, compared with 91% prepared by doctors. This discrepancy was thought to be due largely to the quality of slide spreading. CONCLUSIONS With motivated staff and a structured educational and training programme it is possible for nurse practitioners to perform the techniques of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and obtain specimens of satisfactory quality, thus improving efficiency of the haematology day unit and increasing quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lawson
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK
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Lawson S, Géraud MO. [Traditionalism and the politics of cultural identity in Asia and the Pacific: a critical clarification]. J Soc Ocean 1999:37-51. [PMID: 21977552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Darling E, Kaemmer D, Lawson S, Smigla G, Collins K, Shearer I, Jaggers J. Experimental use of an ultra-low prime neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass circuit utilizing vacuum-assisted venous drainage. J Extra Corpor Technol 1998; 30:184-9. [PMID: 10537579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In adult cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, vacuum assisted venous drainage has become a popular technique to augment venous return to the bypass circuit. The application of this technique in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass surgery could be beneficial to the further miniaturization of neonatal circuitry by coupling radical respositioning of the oxygenator and pump console with decreasing line length. This report communicates the use of an investigational, vacuum assisted venous drainage neonatal circuit that is positioned at patient level utilizing a modified pump console with elevated double head twin roller pumps. The circuit, including the oxygenator, arterial line, venous line, raceway tubing, and a functional level in the venous reservoir has a priming volume of 107 ml. Initial bench and animal tests have demonstrated that this technique may be clinically feasible in CPB applications. With vacuum assisted venous drainage, the goal of asanguinous neonatal cardiac surgery could become a reality. Safety issues must be adequately addressed to ensure that this technique does not impose unacceptable risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Darling
- Perfusion Services, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Lawton, Parker, Stradling & Manstead (1997) examined the relationship between mild social deviance (West, Elander & French, 1993 a), driving violations and road traffic accident involvement in a sample of 830 drivers. The relationship between mild social deviance and accident involvement was shown to be partly mediated by propensity to commit driving violations and by factors associated with driver age. The present research replicates and extends this study with a sample of 100 young, male offenders. Self-reports of violations and errors (using the Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire), an extended measures of social deviance, speed preference and accident involvement were collected, together with information about age, annual mileage driven and the type of offence for which the driver was under remand. Factor analysis of the social deviance items yielded two factors: extreme and mild social deviance. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between predictor variables and accident involvement. Both propensity to commit driving violations and extreme social deviance predicted accident involvement in this sample. However, the relationship between extreme social deviance and accident involvement was partly mediated by a tendency to commit driving violations. The implications of the findings for intervention strategies aimed at the prevention of accidents are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Meadows
- Department of Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
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