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Muretta JM, Rajasekaran D, Blat Y, Little S, Myers M, Nair C, Burdekin B, Yuen SL, Jimenez N, Guhathakurta P, Wilson A, Thompson AR, Surti N, Connors D, Chase P, Harden D, Barbieri CM, Adam L, Thomas DD. HTS driven by fluorescence lifetime detection of FRET identifies activators and inhibitors of cardiac myosin. SLAS Discov 2023; 28:223-232. [PMID: 37307989 PMCID: PMC10422832 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that bind to allosteric sites on target proteins to alter protein function are highly sought in drug discovery. High-throughput screening (HTS) assays are needed to facilitate the direct discovery of allosterically active compounds. We have developed technology for high-throughput time-resolved fluorescence lifetime detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which enables the detection of allosteric modulators by monitoring changes in protein structure. We tested this approach at the industrial scale by adapting an allosteric FRET sensor of cardiac myosin to high-throughput screening (HTS), based on technology provided by Photonic Pharma and the University of Minnesota, and then used the sensor to screen 1.6 million compounds in the HTS facility at Bristol Myers Squibb. The results identified allosteric activators and inhibitors of cardiac myosin that do not compete with ATP binding, demonstrating high potential for FLT-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Muretta
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
| | - D Rajasekaran
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Y Blat
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - S Little
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - M Myers
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - C Nair
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - B Burdekin
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - S L Yuen
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - N Jimenez
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - P Guhathakurta
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - A Wilson
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - A R Thompson
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - N Surti
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - D Connors
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - P Chase
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - D Harden
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - C M Barbieri
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - L Adam
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - D D Thomas
- Photonic Pharma LLC and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
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2
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Huang J, Sarma A, Gupta N, Little S, Pruthi S. Noncontrast MRI Protocol for Selected Pediatric Pituitary Endocrinopathies: A Procedure with High Diagnostic Yield and Potential to Reduce Anesthesia and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Exposure. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1884-1890. [PMID: 34475192 PMCID: PMC8562761 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although many pediatric neuroradiology practices empirically use noncontrast brain and pituitary MR imaging for evaluation of growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature, there are currently insufficient published data to support this practice in an evidence-based fashion. Therefore, the use of contrast-enhanced MR imaging for all pediatric pituitary endocrinopathies remains widespread. We evaluated whether noncontrast MR imaging has adequate diagnostic yield for the evaluation of pediatric growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pituitary MR imaging studies obtained for growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature in patients 0-18 years of age from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. Separate blinded review of noncontrast images in cases with abnormalities on the original radiology report was performed by 2 subspecialty-trained pediatric neuroradiologists, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. RESULTS Of the 134/442 MR imaging studies obtained for growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature with hypothalamic-pituitary region abnormalities, there was 70% concordance with the original reports on blinded review of noncontrast images. Twenty-two of 40 discrepancies were deemed unrelated to the indication, and 9 cases originally interpreted as possible microadenoma were read as having normal findings on blinded review. Only 9 of 40 discrepancies required contrast for further characterization. CONCLUSIONS In our study, most relevant radiologic findings in patients with growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature were detectable without contrast, providing evidence that contrast can be avoided in routine MR imaging evaluation of these indications. We propose a "rapid noncontrast pituitary" MR imaging protocol for pediatric patients presenting with growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature, which may increase efficiency and decrease contrast and anesthesia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- From the Department of Radiology (J.H., A.S., S.L., S.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - A Sarma
- From the Department of Radiology (J.H., A.S., S.L., S.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - N Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (N.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S Little
- From the Department of Radiology (J.H., A.S., S.L., S.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S Pruthi
- From the Department of Radiology (J.H., A.S., S.L., S.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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3
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Surette S, Narang A, Bae R, Hong H, Thomas Y, Cadieu C, Chaudhry A, Martin R, Rubenson D, Goldstein S, Little S, Lang R, Weissman N, Thomas J. Artificial intelligence-guided image acquisition on patients with implanted electrophysiological devices: results from a pivotal prospective multi-center clinical trial. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A novel, recently FDA-authorized software uses deep learning (DL) to provide prescriptive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance, allowing novices to acquire standard TTE views. The DL model was trained by >5,000,000 observations of the impact of probe motion on image orientation/quality. This study evaluated whether novice-acquired TTE images guided by this software were of diagnostic quality in patients with and without implanted electrophysiological (EP) devices, focusing on RV size and function, which were thought to be sensitive to EP devices. Some aspects of the study have previously been presented.
Methods
240 patients (61±16 years old, 58% male, 33% BMI >30 kg/m2, 91% with cardiac pathology) were recruited. 8 nurses without echo experience each acquired 10 view TTEs in 30 patients guided by the software. 235 of the patients were also scanned by a trained sonographer without assistance from the software. 5 Level 3 echocardiographers independently assessed the diagnostic quality of the TTEs acquired by the nurses and sonographers to evaluate the effect of EP devices on DL software performance.
Results
Nurses using the AI-guided acquisition software acquired TTEs of sufficient quality to make qualitative assessments of right ventricular (RV) size and function in greater than 80% of cases for patients with and without implanted EP devices (Table). There was no significant difference between nurse- and sonographer-acquired scans.
Conclusion
These results indicate that new DL software can guide novices to obtain TTEs that enable qualitative assessment of RV size even in the presence of implanted EP devices. The results of the comparison to sonographer-acquired exams indicate the software performance is robust to presence of pacemaker/ICD leads visible in the images (Figure).
Nurse-acquired TTE with visible ICD lead
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Caption Health, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Surette
- Caption Health, Brisbane, United States of America
| | - A Narang
- Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - R Bae
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - H Hong
- Caption Health, Brisbane, United States of America
| | - Y Thomas
- Caption Health, Brisbane, United States of America
| | - C Cadieu
- Caption Health, Brisbane, United States of America
| | - A Chaudhry
- Caption Health, Brisbane, United States of America
| | - R Martin
- Caption Health, Brisbane, United States of America
| | - D Rubenson
- Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - S Goldstein
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, United States of America
| | - S Little
- Houston Methodist, Houston, United States of America
| | - R Lang
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
| | - N Weissman
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, United States of America
| | - J.D Thomas
- Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
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Schuler M, Tabernero J, Massard C, Iyer GV, Witt O, Doi T, Qin S, Lu-Emerson C, Hargrave D, Garcia-Corbacho J, Little S, Xia Q, Santiago-Walker A, Moy C, Hammond C, Lau Y, Sweiti H, Pant S. 603TiP Phase II, open-label study of erdafitinib in adult and adolescent patients (pts) with advanced solid tumours harboring fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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5
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Teodoro T, Koreki A, Meppelink AM, Little S, Nielsen G, Macerollo A, Ferreira JJ, Pareés I, Lang A, Edwards MJ. Contingent negative variation: a biomarker of abnormal attention in functional movement disorders. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:985-994. [PMID: 32096289 PMCID: PMC7982797 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a negative cortical wave that precedes a pre-cued imperative stimulus requiring a quick motor response. It has been related to motor preparation and anticipatory attention. The aim was to ascertain whether the clinical improvement of functional movement disorders after physiotherapy would be associated with faster reaction times and modulation of CNV. METHODS Motor performance and CNV were analysed during a pre-cued choice reaction time task with varying cue validity. Twenty-one patients with functional movement disorders and 13 healthy controls at baseline were compared. Patients then underwent physiotherapy. At follow-up after physiotherapy, patients were categorized as clinically improved (responders) or not improved (non-responders) and retested. RESULTS At baseline, patients did not generate CNV, contrary to controls [mean amplitude (µV) at the end of preparation to move: patients -0.47 (95% CI -1.94, 1.00) versus controls -2.59 (95% CI -4.46, -0.72)]. Responders performed faster after physiotherapy [mean natural logarithm (ln) reaction time (RT) (ms): follow-up 6.112 (95% CI 5.923, 6.301) versus baseline 6.206 (95% CI 6.019, 6.394), P = 0.010], contrary to non-responders. Simultaneously, responders showed a recovery of CNV after physiotherapy [follow-up -1.95 (95% CI -3.49, -0.41) versus baseline -0.19 (95% CI -1.73, 1.35), P < 0.001], contrary to non-responders [follow-up -0.32 (95% CI -1.79, 1.14) versus baseline -0.72 (95% CI -2.19, 0.75), P = 0.381]. CONCLUSIONS Clinical improvement of functional movement disorders after physiotherapy was associated with faster reaction times and normalization of CNV, which was absent at baseline. These findings suggest that CNV may constitute a useful neurophysiological biomarker related to abnormal attention in functional movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teodoro
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.,St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Ashford and St Peter's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Koreki
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - A M Meppelink
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - S Little
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - G Nielsen
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - J J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - I Pareés
- Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Edwards
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.,St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Ashford and St Peter's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, UK
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Zhuang Z, Yoshizawa-Smith S, Glowacki A, Maltos K, Pacheco C, Shehabeldin M, Mulkeen M, Myers N, Chong R, Verdelis K, Garlet GP, Little S, Sfeir C. Induction of M2 Macrophages Prevents Bone Loss in Murine Periodontitis Models. J Dent Res 2018; 98:200-208. [PMID: 30392438 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518805984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by the progressive destruction of tooth-supporting alveolar bone, which is mainly caused by chronic inflammation in response to persistent bacterial insult. It has recently become clear that the pathogenesis of periodontitis is associated with a high ratio of proinflammatory M1 (classically activated) macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 (alternatively activated). To decrease the inflammatory activity, we locally delivered the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) using controlled-release microparticles (MPs). CCL2 is known to promote chemotaxis of M0 or M2 phenotype macrophages to the inflamed site and induce M2 phenotype polarization locally. Our in vitro data showed that CCL2 increased the number of M2 phenotype macrophages, decreased TNF-α secretion, and enhanced chemotaxis of RAW264.7 cells toward CCL2 MPs. Moreover, we induced periodontal disease in 2 animal models through inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and ligature around the murine molar. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed significant reduction of alveolar bone loss in the CCL2 MP treatment group when compared with a blank MP group and a no-treatment periodontitis group in both models. Immunohistologic analysis showed a significant increase in the M2 phenotype subset and a decrease in the M1 phenotype subset in the CCL2 MP group of the P. gingivalis-induced model. Also, in both models, tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase staining showed significantly fewer numbers of osteoclasts in the CCL2 MP group in alveolar bone area. Moreover, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed a significant increase in IL-1RA (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist) mRNA expression and a decrease in RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand) mRNA expression in the CCL2 MP group in the ligature model. In summary, manipulation of endogenous M2 phenotype macrophages with CCL2 MPs decreased the M1 phenotype:M2 phenotype ratio and prevented alveolar bone loss in mouse periodontitis models. The delivery of CCL2 MPs provides a novel approach to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhuang
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Yoshizawa-Smith
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Glowacki
- 4 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Maltos
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Pacheco
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Shehabeldin
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Mulkeen
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Myers
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Chong
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Verdelis
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,6 Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G P Garlet
- 7 Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - S Little
- 4 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,5 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Sfeir
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,4 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Loriot Y, Necchi A, Park S, Huddart R, Burgess E, Zhong B, Santiago-Walker A, Little S, Roccia T, De Porre P, Siefker-Radtke A. Erdafitinib compared with vinflunine or docetaxel or pembrolizumab in patients (pts) with metastatic or surgically unresectable (M/UR) urothelial carcinoma (UC) and selected fgfr gene alterations (FGFRalt): The phase III THOR study. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy283.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Mann V, Limberg F, Mann STW, Little S, Müller M, Sander M, Röhrig R. Routineerhalt beim Umgang mit extraglottischen Atemwegen im Rettungsdienst: Effektivität und Nachhaltigkeit einer simulatorbasierten Ausbildung. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2018; 114:541-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s00063-018-0429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Beudel M, Zutt R, Meppelink AM, Little S, Elting JW, Stelten BML, Edwards M, Tijssen MAJ. Improving neurophysiological biomarkers for functional myoclonic movements. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 51:3-8. [PMID: 29653908 PMCID: PMC6022215 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Differentiating between functional jerks (FJ) and organic myoclonus can be challenging. At present, the only advanced diagnostic biomarker to support FJ is the Bereitschaftspotential (BP). However, its sensitivity is limited and its evaluation subjective. Recently, event related desynchronisation in the broad beta range (13–45 Hz) prior to functional generalised axial (propriospinal) myoclonus was reported as a possible complementary diagnostic marker for FJ. Here we study the value of ERD together with a quantified BP in clinical practice. Methods Twenty-nine patients with FJ and 16 patients with cortical myoclonus (CM) were included. Jerk-locked back-averaging for determination of the ‘classical’ and quantified BP, and time-frequency decomposition for the event related desynchronisation (ERD) were performed. Diagnostic gain, sensitivity and specificity were obtained for individual and combined techniques. Results We detected a classical BP in 14/29, a quantitative BP in 15/29 and an ERD in 18/29 patients. At group level we demonstrate that ERD in the broad beta band preceding a jerk has significantly higher amplitude in FJ compared to CM (respectively −0.14 ± 0.13 and +0.04 ± 0.09 (p < 0.001)). Adding ERD to the classical BP achieved an additional diagnostic gain of 53%. Furthermore, when combining ERD with quantified and classical BP, an additional diagnostic gain of 71% was achieved without loss of specificity. Conclusion Based on the current findings we propose to the use of combined beta ERD assessment and quantitative BP analyses in patients with a clinical suspicion for all types of FJ with a negative classical BP. Differentiating between functional jerks and organic myoclonus is often difficult. The sensitivity of a positive bereitschaftspotential for diagnosing FJ is low. FJ are preceded by event related desynchronisation (ERD) in the beta band. Combining beta ERD and BP improves diagnosing FJ. The ERD method is of special relevance in possible FJ patients with a negative BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beudel
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Zutt
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A M Meppelink
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Little
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - J W Elting
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B M L Stelten
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Edwards
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - M A J Tijssen
- University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Reay C, Cheung C, Lanka S, Little S, Ryanna K, Agrawal S, Panchal R, Bennett J, Tufail M. Use of a discharge lounge to facilitate ambulatory CT guided percutaneous lung biopsies for suspected lung cancer – an effective and cost effective pathway with high patient satisfaction. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Steagall PV, Monteiro BP, Ruel HLM, Beauchamp G, Luca G, Berry J, Little S, Stiles E, Hamilton S, Pang D. Perceptions and opinions of Canadian pet owners about anaesthesia, pain and surgery in small animals. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:380-388. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Steagall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - B. P. Monteiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - H. L. M. Ruel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - G. Beauchamp
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - G. Luca
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Université de Montréal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - J. Berry
- Douglas Animal Hospital; Fredericton New Brunswick E3G 7J2 Canada
| | - S. Little
- Bytown Cat Hospital; Ottawa Ontario K1K 1G6 Canada
| | - E. Stiles
- Sherwood Park Animal Hospital; Montreal Quebec H9W 2E4 Canada
| | - S. Hamilton
- Atlantic Veterinary College; University of Prince Edward Island; Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - D. Pang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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12
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Murphie P, Little S, Setters J, Hex N. P207 Self-fill oxygen systems – benefits for patients, healthcare providers and the environment. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Rhinitis has been demonstrated to impose a significant disease burden upon the general population. We sought to determine the prevalence of rhinitis in athletes; to investigate its relationship with co-existing allergic symptoms; and to quantify the impact of rhinitis on quality of life in the athlete.3 subgroups were studied: elite field hockey players (FHP); non-elite FHP; and a sedentary control group.Participants were asked to complete a rhinitis self-report questionnaire; the "Allergic Questionnaire for Athletes" (AQUA), and quality of life Sinonasal Outcome Test - 22 (SNOT-22).142 participants completed the study (52 elite FHP; 40 non-elite FHP; 50 controls). There was a significantly higher prevalence of rhinitis in the elite and non-elite FHP groups than the sedentary control group (52% and 43% vs. 22%, p<0.05). Mean AQUA score was significantly higher in athletes with rhinitis. Quality of life scores were significantly worse in athletes with rhinitis than those without rhinitis (p<0.05).This study suggests regular exercise is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of rhinitis. Elite FHP were most likely to report rhinitis, but the least likely to be using regular treatment. Quality of life was negatively affected, confirming the importance of nasal health to athlete welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Walker
- St George's Hospital, ENT Surgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - P Surda
- St George's Hospital, ENT Surgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - M Rossiter
- All Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine, Hampshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - S Little
- St George's Hospital, ENT Surgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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14
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Alemu AW, Janzen H, Little S, Hao X, Thompson D, Baron V, Iwaasa AD, Beauchemin KA, Kröbel R. 1203 Grazing management and farm greenhouse gas emission intensity of beef production systems. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Little S, Brown P. How might stimulation therapies for PD work and how might they be improved? Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The last decade has seen major progress at all levels of neuroscience, from genes and molecules up to integrated systems-level models of brain function. In particular, there have been advances in the understanding of cell-type-specific contributions to function, together with a clearer account of how these contributions are coordinated from moment to moment to organise behavior. A major current endeavor is to leverage this knowledge to develop new therapeutic approaches. In Parkinson's disease, there are a number of promising emerging treatments. Here, we will highlight three ambitious novel therapeutic approaches for this condition, each robustly driven by primary neuroscience. Pharmacogenetics genetically re-engineers neurons to produce neurotrophins that are neuroprotective to vulnerable dopaminergic cells or to directly replace dopamine through enzyme transduction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is undergoing a transformation, with adaptive DBS controlled by neural signals resulting in better motor outcomes and significant reductions in overall stimulation that could reduce side effects. Finally, optogenetics presents the opportunity to achieve cell-type-specific control with a high temporal specification on a large enough scale to effectively repair network-level dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Little
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - P Brown
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Menzies AM, Ashworth MT, Swann S, Kefford RF, Flaherty K, Weber J, Infante JR, Kim KB, Gonzalez R, Hamid O, Schuchter L, Cebon J, Sosman JA, Little S, Sun P, Aktan G, Ouellet D, Jin F, Long GV, Daud A. Characteristics of pyrexia in BRAFV600E/K metastatic melanoma patients treated with combined dabrafenib and trametinib in a phase I/II clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:415-21. [PMID: 25411413 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrexia is a frequent adverse event with combined dabrafenib and trametinib therapy (CombiDT), but little is known of its clinical associations, etiology, or appropriate management. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients on the BRF133220 phase I/II trial of CombiDT treated at the standard dose (150/2) were included for assessment of pyrexia (n = 201). BRAF and MEK inhibitor-naïve patients (n = 117) were included for efficacy analyses. Pyrexia was defined as temperature ≥38°C (≥100.4(°)F) or related symptoms. RESULTS Fifty-nine percent of patients developed pyrexia during treatment, 24% of which had pyrexia symptoms without a recorded elevation in body temperature. Pyrexia was grade 2+ in 60% of pyrexia patients. Median time to onset of first pyrexia was 19 days, with a median duration of 9 days. Pyrexia patients had a median of two pyrexia events, but 21% had three or more events. Various pyrexia management approaches were conducted in this study. A trend was observed between dabrafenib and hydroxy-dabrafenib exposure and pyrexia. No baseline clinical characteristics predicted pyrexia, and pyrexia was not statistically significantly associated with treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS Pyrexia is a frequent and recurrent toxicity with CombiDT treatment. No baseline features predict pyrexia, and it is not associated with clinical outcome. Dabrafenib and metabolite exposure may contribute to the etiology of pyrexia. The optimal secondary prophylaxis for pyrexia is best studied in a prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M T Ashworth
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - S Swann
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - R F Kefford
- Melanoma Institute Australia and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center, Boston
| | - J Weber
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa
| | - J R Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville
| | - K B Kim
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - R Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora
| | - O Hamid
- Department of Oncology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica
| | - L Schuchter
- Penn Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Cebon
- Oncology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - J A Sosman
- Department of Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - S Little
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - P Sun
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - G Aktan
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - D Ouellet
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - F Jin
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, USA
| | - G V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Daud
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
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18
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Friberg IM, Little S, Ralli C, Lowe A, Hall A, Jackson JA, Bradley JE. Macroparasites at peripheral sites of infection are major and dynamic modifiers of systemic antimicrobial pattern recognition responses. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2810-26. [PMID: 23379442 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune defences and the maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the face of pathogenic and commensal microbial exposures are channelled by innate antimicrobial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). Whilst PRR-mediated response programmes are the result of long-term host-pathogen or host-commensal co-evolutionary dynamics involving microbes, an additional possibility is that macroparasitic co-infections may be a significant modifier of such interactions. We demonstrate experimentally that macroparasites (the model gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides) at peripheral sites of infection cause substantial alteration of the expression and function of TLRs at a systemic level (in cultured splenocytes), predominantly up-regulating TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9-mediated cytokine responses at times of high standing worm burdens. We consistently observed such effects in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice under single-pulse and trickle exposures to Heligmosomoides larvae and in SWR and CBA mice under single-pulse exposures. A complementary long-term survey of TLR2-mediated tumour necrosis factor-alpha responses in wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) was consistent with substantial effects of macroparasites under some environmental conditions. A general pattern, though, was for the associations of macroparasites with TLR function to be temporally dynamic and context-dependent: varying with different conditions of infection exposure in the field and laboratory and with host genetic strain in the laboratory. These results are compelling evidence that macroparasites are a major and dynamic modifier of systemic innate antimicrobial responsiveness in naturally occurring mammals and thus likely to be an important influence on the interaction between microbial exposures and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Friberg
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Ho CKM, Newman M, Dalley DE, Little S, Wales WJ. Performance, return and risk of different dairy systems in Australia and New Zealand. Anim Prod Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/an12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the farm operating and policy environments and a need to remain profitable under a cost-price squeeze have contributed to dairy systems in Australia and New Zealand becoming more intensive and complex in recent decades. Farm systems in both countries are now diverse, varying from being based predominantly on pasture with little purchased supplements, to those dependent on high levels of feed supplements and even having zero grazing. Dairy farm performance (defined in this paper as production or technical performance), return (return on assets or profit) and risk (variation in economic performance over time), and intensity of dairy systems was examined using farm survey data, case studies and existing published studies. The level of single technical performance measures, such as milk production, feed conversion efficiency and pasture consumption, prevailing in a business are not guides to the operating profit and return on assets of a business. In addition, when survey data of farm performance was grouped by return on assets, few farms were in the top 25% in successive years. Farms that performed consistently well were characterised by good, but not extreme, technical performance in a range of key areas, which translated to favourable business return (return on asset and profit). The knowledge and skills of farm managers are critical, and means that many different dairy systems can perform well physically and financially and successfully meet farmer goals. The relation between risk and the intensity of dairy systems was also investigated. Options that intensified systems generally resulted in higher net wealth for the farm owner, but almost always at increased risk. The best system for any farmer to operate is one which best meets their multifaceted preferences and goals, regardless of system type.
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Ben Zekry S, Lawrie G, Little S, Zoghbi W, Freeman J, Jajoo A, Jain S, He J, Martynenko A, Azencott R. Comparative Evaluation of Mitral Valve Strain by Deformation Tracking in 3D-Echocardiography. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-012-0111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leonard A, Wolff J, Sengupta R, Marassa J, Piwnica-Worms D, Rubin J, Pollack I, Jakacki R, Butterfield L, Okada H, Fangusaro J, Warren KE, Mullins C, Jurgen P, Julia S, Friedrich CC, Keir S, Saling J, Roskoski M, Friedman H, Bigner D, Moertel C, Olin M, Dahlheimer T, Gustafson M, Sumstad D, McKenna D, Low W, Nascene D, Dietz A, Ohlfest J, Sturm D, Witt H, Hovestadt V, Quan DAK, Jones DTW, Konermann C, Pfaff E, Korshunov A, Rizhova M, Milde T, Witt O, Zapatka M, Collins VP, Kool M, Reifenberger G, Lichter P, Lindroth AM, Plass C, Jabado N, Pfister SM, Pizer B, Salehzadeh A, Brodbelt A, Mallucci C, Brassesco M, Pezuk J, Morales A, de Oliveira J, Roberto G, Umezawa K, Valera E, Rego E, Scrideli C, Tone L, Veringa SJE, Van Vuurden DG, Wesseling P, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, Wurdinger T, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E, Wright K, Broniscer A, Bendel A, Bowers D, Crawford J, Fisher P, Hassall T, Armstrong G, Baker J, Qaddoumi I, Robinson G, Wetmore C, Klimo P, Boop F, Onar-Thomas A, Ellison D, Gajjar A, Cruz O, de Torres C, Sunol M, Rodriguez E, Alonso L, Parareda A, Cardesa T, Salvador H, Celis V, Guillen A, Garcia G, Muchart J, Trampal C, Martin ML, Rebollo M, Mora J, Piotrowski A, Kowalska A, Coyle P, Smith S, Rogers H, Macarthur D, Grundy R, Puccetti D, Salamat S, Kennedy T, Fangusaro J, Patel N, Bradley K, Casey K, Iskandar B, Nakano Y, Okada K, Osugi Y, Yamasaki K, Fujisaki H, Fukushima H, Inoue T, Matsusaka Y, Sakamoto H, Hara J, De Vleeschouwer S, Ardon H, Van Calenbergh F, Sciot R, Wilms G, Van Loon J, Goffin J, Van Gool S, Puccetti D, Salamat S, Rusinak D, Patel N, Bradley K, Casey K, Knight P, Onel K, Wargowski D, Stettner A, Iskandar B, Al-Ghafari A, Punjaruk W, Coyle B, Kerr I, Xipell E, Rodriguez M, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Tunon MT, Zazpe I, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Alonso MM, Pastakia D, McCully C, Murphy R, Bacher J, Thomas M, Steffen-Smith E, Saleem K, Waldbridge S, Widemann B, Warren K, Miele E, Buttarelli F, Arcella A, Begalli F, Po A, Baldi C, Carissimo G, Antonelli M, Donofrio V, Morra I, Nozza P, Gulino A, Giangaspero F, Ferretti E, Elens I, De Vleeschouwer S, Pauwels F, Van Gool S, Fritzell S, Eberstal S, Sanden E, Visse E, Darabi A, Siesjo P, McDonald P, Wrogemann J, Krawitz S, Del Bigio M, Eisenstat D, Wolff J, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Faldum A, Kortmann RD, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Slavc I, Kramm CM, Uparkar U, Geyer R, Ermoian R, Ellenbogen R, Leary S, Triscott J, Hu K, Fotovati A, Yip S, Kast R, Toyota B, Dunn S, Hegde M, Corder A, Chow K, Mukherjee M, Ashoori A, Brawley V, Heslop H, Gottschalk S, Yvon E, Ahmed N, Wong TT, Yang FY, Lu M, Liang HF, Wang HE, Liu RS, Teng MC, Yen CC, Agnihotri S, Ternamian C, Jones C, Zadeh G, Rutka J, Hawkins C, Filipek I, Drogosiewicz M, Perek-Polnik M, Swieszkowska E, Baginska BD, Jurkiewicz E, Perek D, Kuehn A, Falkenstein F, Wolff J, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Gnekow A, Kramm C, Brooks MD, Jackson E, Piwnica-Worms D, Mitra RD, Rubin JB, Liu XY, Korshunov A, Schwartzentruber J, Jones DTW, Pfaff E, Sturm D, Fontebasso AM, Quang DAK, Albrecht S, Kool M, Dong Z, Siegel P, Von Diemling A, Faury D, Tabori U, Lichter P, Plass C, Majewski J, Pfister SM, Jabado N, Lulla R, Echevarria M, Alden T, DiPatri A, Tomita T, Goldman S, Fangusaro J, Qaddoumi I, Lin T, Merchant TE, Kocak M, Panandiker AP, Armstrong GT, Wetmore C, Gajjar A, Broniscer A, Gielen GH, Muehlen AZ, Kramm C, Pietsch T, Hubert C, Ding Y, Toledo C, Paddison P, Olson J, Nandhabalan M, Bjerke L, Bax D, Carvalho D, Bajrami I, Ashworth A, Lord C, Hargrave D, Reis R, Workman P, Jones C, Little S, Popov S, Jury A, Burford A, Doey L, Al-Sarraj S, Jurgensmeier J, Jones C, Carvalho D, Bjerke L, Bax D, Chen L, Kozarewa I, Baker S, Grundy R, Ashworth A, Lord C, Hargrave D, Reis R, Jones C, Bjerke L, Perryman L, Burford A, Bax D, Jury A, Popov S, Box G, Raynaud F, Hargrave D, Eccles S, Jones C, Viana-Pereira M, Pereira M, Burford A, Jury A, Popov S, Perryman L, Bax D, Forshew T, Tatevossian R, Sheer D, Pimental J, Pires M, Reis R, Jones C, Sarkar C, Jha P, Patrick IRP, Somasundaram K, Pathak P, Sharma MC, Suri V, Suri A, Gerges N, Haque T, Nantel A, Faury D, Jabado N, Lee C, Fotovati A, Triscott J, Chen J, Venugopal C, Singhal A, Dunham C, Kerr J, Verreault M, Yip S, Wakimoto H, Jones C, Jayanthan A, Narendran A, Singh S, Dunn S, Giraud G, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Van Gool S, Kizyma R, Kizyma Z, Dvornyak L, Kotsay B, Epari S, Sharma P, Gurav M, Gupta T, Shetty P, Moiyadi A, Kane S, Jalali R. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:i56-i68. [PMCID: PMC3483348 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
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Little S, Pogosyan A, Kuhn AA, Brown P. β band stability over time correlates with Parkinsonian rigidity and bradykinesia. Exp Neurol 2012; 236:383-8. [PMID: 22572590 PMCID: PMC3400051 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia is increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Such activity is recorded in patients in the form of oscillations in the local field potential (LFP) picked up in the subthalamic nucleus. Previous studies have focused on correlations between features of the time averaged power or amplitude spectrum of the LFP and the clinical state, either off medication or in response to levodopa. However, average spectral densities do not take account of time variant spectral properties and we hypothesised that these dynamic properties of the spectrum of the LFP would contain additional information about clinical state. Here we assess the variability in LFP amplitude over time using the coefficient of variation (CV), evaluating this with regard to clinical state off medication and in response to levodopa in two datasets. The CV of activity in the high beta frequency band was found to be correlated with clinical state off levodopa (rho=-0.59, p<0.001) and this was shown to be complementary, rather than redundant, to spectral amplitude in a multiple regression analysis, selective for rigidity-bradykinesia and highly focal. Similarly, a strong correlation was found between change in clinical scores and change in high beta CV following levodopa (rho=-0.66, p=0.004). This too was selective for rigidity-bradykinesia and non-redundant to spectral power in a multiple regression model. Our results indicate that temporal stability in the beta band is correlated with rigidity-bradykinesia. It is suggested that loss of beta reactivity is deleterious to basal ganglia function over and above any concomitant change in absolute level of beta synchrony. The CV of LFP beta band amplitude may potentially provide an additional index of clinical state suitable for feedback control in closed loop stimulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Little
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, 6th Floor, West wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Quaini A, Canic S, Glowinski R, Igo S, Hartley CJ, Zoghbi W, Little S. Validation of a 3D computational fluid-structure interaction model simulating flow through an elastic aperture. J Biomech 2011; 45:310-8. [PMID: 22138194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a validation of a fluid-structure interaction computational model simulating the flow conditions in an in vitro mock heart chamber modeling mitral valve regurgitation during the ejection phase during which the trans-valvular pressure drop and valve displacement are not as large. The mock heart chamber was developed to study the use of 2D and 3D color Doppler techniques in imaging the clinically relevant complex intra-cardiac flow events associated with mitral regurgitation. Computational models are expected to play an important role in supporting, refining, and reinforcing the emerging 3D echocardiographic applications. We have developed a 3D computational fluid-structure interaction algorithm based on a semi-implicit, monolithic method, combined with an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach to capture the fluid domain motion. The mock regurgitant mitral valve corresponding to an elastic plate with a geometric orifice, was modeled using 3D elasticity, while the blood flow was modeled using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible, viscous fluid. The two are coupled via the kinematic and dynamic conditions describing the two-way coupling. The pressure, the flow rate, and orifice plate displacement were measured and compared with numerical simulation results. In-line flow meter was used to measure the flow, pressure transducers were used to measure the pressure, and a Doppler method developed by one of the authors was used to measure the axial displacement of the orifice plate. The maximum recorded difference between experiment and numerical simulation for the flow rate was 4%, the pressure 3.6%, and for the orifice displacement 15%, showing excellent agreement between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quaini
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kenny C, Adhya S, Dworakowski R, Brickham B, Maccarthy P, Monaghan M, Guzzo A, Innocenti F, Vicidomini S, Lazzeretti D, Squarciotta S, De Villa E, Donnini C, Bulletti F, Guerrini E, Pini R, Bendjelid K, Viale J, Duperret S, Piriou V, Jacques D, Shahgaldi K, Silva C, Pedro F, Deister L, Brodin LA, Sahlen A, Manouras A, Winter R, Berjeb N, Cimadevilla C, Dreyfus J, Cueff C, Malanca M, Chiampan A, Vahanian A, Messika-Zeitoun D, Muraru D, Peluso D, Dal Bianco L, Beraldo M, Solda' E, Tuveri M, Cucchini U, Al Mamary A, Badano L, Iliceto S, Almuntaser I, King G, Norris S, Daly C, Ellis E, Murphy R, Erdei T, Denes M, Kardos A, Foldesi C, Temesvari A, Lengyel M, Bouzas Mosquera A, Broullon F, Alvarez-Garcia N, Peteiro J, Barge-Caballero G, Lopez-Perez M, Lopez-Sainz A, Castro-Beiras A, Luotolahti M, Luotolahti H, Kantola I, Viikari J, Andersen M, Ersboell M, Bro-Jeppesen J, Gustafsson F, Koeber L, Hassager C, Moller J, Coisne D, Diakov C, Vallet F, Lequeux B, Blouin P, Christiaens L, Esposito R, Santoro A, Schiano Lomoriello V, Raia R, Santoro C, De Simone G, Galderisi M, Sahlen A, Abdula G, Winter R, Kosmala W, Szczepanik-Osadnik H, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Mysiak A, O' Moore-Sullivan T, Marwick T, Tan YT, Wenzelburger F, Leyva F, Sanderson J, Pichler P, Syeda B, Hoefer P, Zuckermann A, Binder T, Fijalkowski M, Koprowski A, Galaska R, Blaut K, Sworczak K, Rynkiewicz A, Lee S, Kim W, Jung L, Yun H, Song M, Ko J, Khalifa EA, Szymanski P, Lipczynska M, Klisieiwcz A, Hoffman P, Jorge C, Silva Marques J, Robalo Martins S, Calisto C, Mieiro M, Vieira S, Correia M, Carvalho De Sousa J, Almeida A, Nunes Diogo A, Park C, March K, Tillin T, Mayet J, Chaturvedi N, Hughes A, Di Bello V, Giannini C, Delle Donne M, De Sanctis F, Spontoni P, Cucco C, Corciu A, Grigoratos C, Bogazzi F, Balbarini A, Enescu O, Suran B, Florescu M, Cinteza M, Vinereanu D, Higuchi Y, Iwakura K, Okamura A, Date M, Fujii K, Jorge C, Cortez-Dias N, Silva D, Carrilho-Ferreira P, Silva Marques J, Magalhaes A, Ribeiro S, Goncalves S, Fiuza M, Pinto F, Jorge C, Cortez-Dias N, Silva D, Silva Marques J, Carrilho-Ferreira P, Placido R, Bordalo A, Goncalves S, Fiuza M, Pinto F, Grzywocz P, Mizia-Stec K, Chudek J, Gasior Z, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Cosin Sales J, Dalli E, Igual B, Diago J, Aguilar J, Ruvira J, Cimino S, Pedrizzetti G, Tonti G, Canali E, Petronilli V, Boccalini F, Mattatelli A, Hiramoto Y, Iacoboni C, Agati L, Trifunovic D, Ostojic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Nedeljkovic I, Banovic M, Boricic-Kostic M, Draganic G, Tesic M, Petrovic M, Gavina C, Lopes R, Lourenco A, Almeida J, Rodrigues J, Pinho P, Zamorano J, Leite-Moreira A, Rocha-Goncalves F, Clavel MA, Capoulade R, Dumesnil J, Mathieu P, Despres JP, Pibarot P, Bull S, Pitcher A, Augustine D, D'arcy J, Karamitsos T, Rai A, Prendergast B, Becher H, Neubauer S, Myerson S, Magne J, Donal E, Davin L, O'connor K, Pirlet C, Rosca M, Szymanski C, Cosyns B, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Calin A, Rosca M, Popescu B, Beladan C, Enache R, Lupascu L, Sandu C, Lancellotti P, Pierard L, Ginghina C, Kamperidis V, Hadjimiltiadis S, Sianos G, Anastasiadis K, Grosomanidis V, Efthimiadis G, Karvounis H, Parharidis G, Styliadis I, Gonzalez Canovas C, Munoz-Esparza C, Bonaque Gonzalez J, Fernandez A, Salar Alcaraz M, Saura Espin D, Pinar Bermudez E, Oliva-Sandoval M, De La Morena Valenzuela G, Valdes Chavarri M, Dreyfus J, Brochet E, Lepage L, Attias D, Cueff C, Detaint D, Himbert D, Iung B, Vahanian A, Messika-Zeitoun D, Pirat B, Little S, Chang S, Tiller L, Kumar R, Zoghbi W, Lee APW, Hsiung M, Wan S, Wong R, Luo F, Fang F, Xie J, Underwood M, Sun J, Yu C, Jansen R, Tietge W, Sijbrandij K, Cramer M, De Heer L, Kluin J, Chamuleau SAJ, Oliveras Vila T, Ferrer Sistach E, Delgado Ramis L, Lopez Ayerbe J, Vallejo Camazon N, Gual Capllonch F, Garcia Alonso C, Teis Soley A, Ruyra Baliarda X, Bayes Genis A, Negrea S, Alexandrescu C, Bourlon F, Civaia F, Dreyfus G, Paetzold S, Luha O, Hoedl R, Stoschitzky G, Pfeiffer K, Zweiker D, Pieske B, Maier R, Sevilla T, Revilla A, Lopez J, Vilacosta I, Arnold R, Gomez I, San Roman J, Nikcevic G, Djordjevic Dikic A, Djordjevic S, Raspopovic S, Jovanovic V, Kircanski B, Pavlovic S, Milasinovic G, Ruiz-Zamora I, Cabrera Bueno F, Molina M, Fernandez-Pastor J, Pena J, Linde A, Barrera A, Alzueta J, Bremont C, Bensaid A, Alonso H, Zaghden O, Nahum J, Dubois-Rande J, Gueret P, Lim P, Lee SP, Park K, Kim HR, Lee JH, Ahn HS, Kim JH, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Sohn DW, Niemann M, Herrmann S, Hu K, Liu D, Beer M, Ertl G, Wanner C, Takenaka T, Tei C, Weidemann F, Silva D, Madeira H, Mendes Pedro M, Nunes Diogo A, Brito D, Schiano Lomoriello V, Ippolito R, Santoro A, Esposito R, Raia R, De Palma D, Galderisi M, Gati S, Oxborough D, Reed M, Zaidi A, Ghani S, Sheikh N, Papadakis M, Sharma S, Chow V, Ng A, Pasqualon T, Zhao W, Hanzek D, Chung T, Yeoh T, Kritharides L, Florescu M, Magda L, Enescu O, Mihalcea D, Suran B, Jinga D, Mincu R, Cinteza M, Vinereanu D, Ferrazzi E, Segato G, Folino F, Famoso G, Senzolo M, Bellu R, Corbetti F, Iliceto S, Tona F, Azevedo O, Quelhas I, Guardado J, Fernandes M, Pereira V, Medeiros R, Lourenco A, Sousa P, Santos W, Pereira S, Marques N, Mimoso J, Marques V, Jesus I, Rustad L, Nytroen K, Gullestad L, Amundsen B, Aakhus S, Linhartova K, Sterbakova G, Necas J, Kovalova S, Cerbak R, Nelassov N, Korotkijan N, Shishkina A, Gagieva B, Nagaplev M, Eroshenko O, Morgunov M, Parmon S, Velthuis S, Van Gent M, Post M, Westermann C, Mager J, Snijder R, Koyalakonda SP, Anderson M, Burgess M, Bergenzaun L, Chew M, Ohlin H, Gjerdalen GF, Hisdal J, Solberg E, Andersen T, Radunovic Z, Steine K, Rutz T, Kuehn A, Petzuch K, Pekala M, Elmenhorst J, Fratz S, Mueller J, Hager A, Hess J, Vogt M, Van Der Linde D, Van De Laar I, Wessels M, Bekkers J, Moelker A, Tanghe H, Van Kooten F, Oldenburg R, Bertoli-Avella A, Roos-Hesselink J, Cresti A, Fontani L, Calabria P, Capati E, Severi S, Lynch M, Saraf S, Sandler B, Yoon S, Kim S, Ko C, Ryu S, Byun Y, Seo H, Ciampi Q, Rigo F, Pratali L, Gherardi S, Villari B, Picano E, Sicari R, Celutkiene J, Zakarkaite D, Skorniakov V, Zvironaite V, Grabauskiene V, Sinicyna J, Gruodyte G, Janonyte K, Laucevicius A, O'driscoll J, Schmid K, Marciniak A, Saha A, Gupta S, Smith R, Sharma R, Bouzas Mosquera A, Alvarez Garcia N, Peteiro J, Broullon F, Prada O, Rodriguez Vilela A, Barge Caballero G, Lopez Perez M, Lopez Sainz A, Castro Beiras A, Kochanowski J, Scislo P, Piatkowski R, Grabowski M, Marchel M, Roik M, Kosior D, Opolski G, Van De Heyning CM, Magne J, O'connor K, Mahjoub H, Pibarot P, Pirlet C, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Clausen H, Basaggianis C, Newton J, Del Pasqua A, Carotti A, Di Carlo D, Cetrano E, Toscano A, Iacobelli R, Esposito C, Chinali M, Pongiglione G, Rinelli G, Larsson M, Larsson M, Bjallmark A, Winter R, Caidahl K, Brodin L, Velthuis S, Van Gent M, Mager J, Westermann C, Snijder R, Post M, Gao H, Coisne D, Lugiez M, Guivier C, Rieu R, D'hooge J, Lugiez M, Hang G, D'hooge J, Guerin C, Christiaens L, Menard M, Voigt JU, Coisne D, Dungu J, Campos G, Jaffarulla R, Gomes-Pereira S, Sutaria N, Baker C, Nihoyannopoulos P, Bellamy M, Adhya S, Harries D, Walker N, Pearson P, Reiken J, Batteson J, Kamdar R, Murgatroyd F, Monaghan M, D'andrea A, Riegler L, Scarafile R, Pezzullo E, Salerno G, Bossone E, Limongelli G, Russo M, Pacileo G, Calabro' R, Kang Y, Cui J, Chen H, Pan C, Shu X, Kiotsekoglou A, Saha S, Toole R, Govind S, Gopal A, Crispi F, Bijnens B, Sepulveda-Swatson E, Rojas-Benavente J, Dominguez J, Illa M, Eixarch E, Sitges M, Gratacos E, Prinz C, Faludi R, Walker A, Amzulescu M, Gao H, Uejima T, Fraser A, Voigt J, Esmaeilzadeh M, Maleki M, Amin A, Vakilian F, Noohi F, Ojaghi Haghighi Z, Nakhostin Davari P, Bakhshandeh Abkenar H, Rimbas R, Dulgheru R, Margulescu A, Florescu M, Vinereanu D, Toscano A, Chinali M, D' Asaro M, Iacobelli R, Del Pasqua A, Esposito C, Mizzon C, Parisi F, Pongiglione G, Rinelli G, Jung BC, Lee BY, Kang HJ, Kim S, Kim M, Kim Y, Cho D, Park S, Hong S, Lim D, Shim W, Bellsham-Revell H, Tibby S, Bell AJ, Miller OI, Greil G, Simpson JM, Providencia RA, Trigo J, Botelho A, Gomes P, Seca L, Barra S, Faustino A, Costa G, Quintal N, Leitao-Marques A, Nestaas E, Stoylen A, Fugelseth D, Mornos C, Ionac A, Petrescu L, Cozma D, Dragulescu D, Mornos A, Pescariu S, Fontana A, Abbate M, Cazzaniga M, Giannattasio C, Trocino G, Laser K, Faber L, Fischer M, Koerperich H, Kececioglu D, Elnoamany MF, Dawood A, Elhabashy M, Khalil Y, Fontana A, Abbate M, Cazzaniga M, Giannattasio C, Trocino G, Piriou N, Warin-Fresse K, Caza M, Fau G, Crochet D, Xhabija N, Allajbeu I, Petrela E, Heba M, Barreiro Perez M, Martin Fernandez M, Renilla Gonzalez A, Florez Munoz J, Fernandez Cimadevilla O, Alvarez Pichel I, Velasco Alonso E, Leon Duran D, Benito Martin E, Secades Gonzalez S, Gargani L, Pang P, Davis E, Schumacher A, Sicari R, Picano E, Silva Ferreira A, Bettencourt N, Matos P, Oliveira L, Almeida A, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Cosin-Sales J, Igual B, Lopez Lereu M, Monmeneu J, Estornell J, Tsverava M, Tsverava D, Varela A, Salagianni M, Galani I, Andreakos E, Davos C, Ikonomidis I, Lekakis J, Tritakis V, Kadoglou N, Papadakis J, Trivilou P, Tzortzis S, Koukoulis C, Paraskevaidis I, Anastasiou-Nana M, Kim G, Youn H, Park C, Ibrahimi P, Bajraktari G, Jashari F, Ahmeti A, Poniku A, Haliti E, Henein M, Pezo Nikolic B, Jurin H, Lovric D, Baricevic Z, Ivanac Vranesic I, Lovric Bencic M, Ernst A, Separovic Hanzevacki J. Poster Session 3: Friday 9 December 2011, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Poster Area. European Journal of Echocardiography 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jer214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Little S, Al-Memar A. POC28 A rare reversal in neurology. J Neurol Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Johnston S, Trudeau M, Rubin S, Little S, Heise M, Durante M, Salazar V, Richie M, Cristofanilli M. 380 A novel skin assessment tool for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds are widely used in agriculture and industry. Although the immediate and delayed effects of acute exposure have been well described, the clinical sequelae of chronic, low-dose exposure are less certain. This paper describes the case of a farmer who had been exposed to a variety of organophosphate pesticides over a 30-year period, and developed sensory ataxia, which has not previously been described. She was found to have an abnormal cholinesterase phenotype. Mechanisms of possible increased sensitivity to these compounds are discussed which may, in future, allow certain occupational groups to be screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Little
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - SFJ Clarke
- Emergency Department, Frimley Park NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK, , Medical Toxicology Department, Guy's and St Thoma' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are 2.7 million people in the UK receiving incapacity benefits, costing approximately pound 18 billion pa. Government has adopted a policy of helping claimants back into work, through structured vocational rehabilitation schemes. There are no published results of vocational rehabilitation services in the UK. We present the results of the Papworth Trust vocational rehabilitation programme. Depending on the severity of their disability, the 'Early Rehab Programme' aims to get people on incapacity benefits: (a) into employment, (b) fit for and seeking work, (c) involved in voluntary work, (d) education, or (e) able to live independently. METHODS Retrospective chart survey and telephone follow up. SETTING Cambridgeshire. RESULTS Since 1995, 274 people attended for a preliminary interview, of which 107 subsequently started a full rehab programme. Eighty-seven were male and 20 female. Half had been unemployed for more than two years. Ninety-four completed the programme, of whom 53 had gained employment, 33 were 'work ready' and four were doing voluntary work. At long-term follow-up, 52 were employed, 12 were in voluntary work, and 7 had retired on medical grounds. CONCLUSIONS This programme demonstrates that long-term Incapacity Benefit recipients can return to sustained employment, as shown in those who participated in the Papworth Trust's vocational rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M DeSouza
- Lewin Stroke & Rehabilitation Unit, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Biofabrication can be defined as the production of complex living and non-living biological products from raw materials such as living cells, molecules, extracellular matrices, and biomaterials. Cell and developmental biology, biomaterials science, and mechanical engineering are the main disciplines contributing to the emergence of biofabrication technology. The industrial potential of biofabrication technology is far beyond the traditional medically oriented tissue engineering and organ printing and, in the short term, it is essential for developing potentially highly predictive human cell- and tissue-based technologies for drug discovery, drug toxicity, environmental toxicology assays, and complex in vitro models of human development and diseases. In the long term, biofabrication can also contribute to the development of novel biotechnologies for sustainable energy production in the future biofuel industry and dramatically transform traditional animal-based agriculture by inventing 'animal-free' food, leather, and fur products. Thus, the broad spectrum of potential applications and rapidly growing arsenal of biofabrication methods strongly suggests that biofabrication can become a dominant technological platform and new paradigm for 21st century manufacturing. The main objectives of this review are defining biofabrication, outlining the most essential disciplines critical for emergence of this field, analysis of the evolving arsenal of biofabrication technologies and their potential practical applications, as well as a discussion of the common challenges being faced by biofabrication technologies, and the necessary conditions for the development of a global biofabrication research community and commercially successful biofabrication industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mironov
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Udayasankar UK, Braithwaite K, Arvaniti M, Tudorascu D, Small WC, Little S, Palasis S. Low-dose nonenhanced head CT protocol for follow-up evaluation of children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt: reduction of radiation and effect on image quality. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:802-6. [PMID: 18397968 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Children with a shunt for hydrocephalus often undergo multiple follow-up head CT scans, increasing the risk for long-term effects of ionizing radiation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate if an unenhanced low-dose head CT could consistently provide acceptable image quality and diagnostic information. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two children (mean age, 9 years; range, 8 months to 21 years; 45 boys and 47 girls) with a shunt for hydrocephalus and no clinical evidence of shunt malfunction who were referred for a follow-up nonenhanced head CT were included in the study. All studies were performed on a 4-section multidetector CT. Two CT studies were selected retrospectively for each patient, 1 performed at standard dose (220 mA) and 1 at low dose (80 mAs). Two radiologists independently evaluated and graded both standard-dose and low-dose studies for various image quality parameters. Attenuation and noise levels were measured, and gray-white differentiation and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. RESULTS Low-dose CT resulted in 63% mean dose reduction. All low-dose CT scans were diagnostically acceptable. Image quality parameters were significantly lower at low dose (P = .0001) except for the parameters for streak artifacts (P = .46) and need for further imaging (P = .47), which were higher. Mean noise levels were significantly higher (P = .001) in low-dose studies, whereas CNR was significantly higher in standard dose CT (P = .001). A moderate to perfect agreement was noted between the 2 readers with regard to image quality assessment (65%-99%). CONCLUSION Low-dose nonenhanced head CT consistently provides diagnostically acceptable images with relevant diagnostic information in children with VP shunts resulting in substantial dose savings.
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Bonde MR, Nester SE, Berner DK, Frederick RD, Moore WF, Little S. Comparative Susceptibilities of Legume Species to Infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Dis 2008; 92:30-36. [PMID: 30786382 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-1-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the host range of Phakopsora pachyrhizi is important to agriculture in the United States because of the distinct possibility that economic losses could occur to crops other than soybean. Furthermore, it is possible that alternative hosts could provide a means of overwintering of the pathogen, providing inoculum to initiate epidemics in future years. To clarify the potential importance of soybean rust on nonsoybean legumes and their role in overwintering of the disease, multiple accessions of clover, cowpea, pea, kudzu, lima bean, snap bean, and single accessions of coffee senna, Florida beggarweed, hemp sesbania, hyacinth bean, partridge pea, and showy crotalaria were inoculated under greenhouse conditions with urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi; infected soybean plants served as a control. The four criteria used to assess susceptibility were lesion density, proportion of lesions with sporulating uredinia, average number of uredinia per lesion, and average uredinia diameter, each determined 2 weeks following inoculation. Based on lesion densities, percentage of lesions with sporulation, and average numbers of uredinia per lesion, soybean, kudzu, and pea were the most susceptible species, followed by snap bean. However, because infected pea plants defoliated rapidly, urediniospore production presumably was limited, lessening the potential for epidemics on pea. Cultivars of snap bean produced numerous brown to reddish-brown lesions, many of which sporulated, but numbers of uredinia per lesion were lower than on soybean, kudzu, or pea. The presence of both tan (susceptible) and reddish-brown (resistant) lesions on kudzu demonstrated physiological differentiation on that host. Some kudzu plants appeared to be potentially excellent hosts for overwintering of the disease. The average number of uredinia per lesion appeared to be a valid measurement with which to compare host susceptibilities, and may have epidemiological significance. High susceptibility of a host was characterized by numerous uredinia with a wide range of sizes within individual lesions. In contrast, low susceptibility to rust was characterized by no or a few small uredinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bonde
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - S E Nester
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - D K Berner
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - R D Frederick
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702
| | - W F Moore
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762
| | - S Little
- The Pictsweet Company, Bells, TN 38006
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Ramphal PS, Irvine RW, Coye A, Little S, Marlar MH. Thal-Hatafuku oesophagogastroplasty: an effective option in the palliation of non-chagasic megaesophagus. W INDIAN MED J 2006; 54:379-83. [PMID: 16642655 DOI: 10.1590/s0043-31442005000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The palliation of patients with megaesophagus secondary to achalasia of the cardia presents significant challenges to the surgeon. Experience with palliation of megaesophagus secondary to Chagas' disease suggests that options other than cardiomyotomy or oesophagectomy can result in satisfactory outcomes. A small series of patients with non-chagasic megaesophagus who were treated with a gastroesophagoplasty procedure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ramphal
- Department of Surgery, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
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Little S, König I, Franjkovic I, Stricker J, Colaris T, Martens F, Langefeld T, Weismüller K, Focke J, Hackstein H, Bohnert A, Hempelmann G, Menges T, Chakraborty T, Bein G. Crit Care 2006; 10:P145. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Engel JM, Mühling J, Weiss S, Kärcher B, Löhr T, Menges T, Little S, Hempelmann G. Relationship of taurine and other amino acids in plasma and in neutrophils of septic trauma patients. Amino Acids 2005; 30:87-94. [PMID: 16096712 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an interdependency of plasma taurine and other amino acids as well as metabolic and clinical variables implicating therapeutic options was reported. This result may be an indication that plasma taurine levels are directly related to intracellular levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the possible relationship between taurine levels in plasma and in neutrophils, the relationship to other amino acids, and variables quantifying metabolic impairment and severity of sepsis in multiple trauma patients developing sepsis. After multiple trauma taurine decreased significantly in plasma in thirty-two patients as well as within the neutrophil and does not recover in sepsis. Lower individual levels in the neutrophil did not follow lower individual levels in plasma and no correlation of taurine in plasma and in the neutrophils could be observed. In sepsis, only plasma showed an interdependency of taurine, aspartate, and glutamate. No association between taurine plasma or intracellular levels and SOFA score as indicator for severity of sepsis or metabolic variables was observed. After multiple trauma and in sepsis, taurine uptake in cells (which is regulated in different ways), and intracellular taurine (which serves e.g. as an osmolyte) can be influenced. Therefore a prediction of the neutrophil taurine pool seems not fully possible from taurine plasma levels. Intracellular taurine has some unique properties explaining the missing interdependency despite some similarities in osmoregulation and metabolic interactions to other amino acids. The association of taurine, aspartate, and glutamate in plasma cannot be simply transferred to the neutrophils intracellular level. The clinical meaning of the plasma correlation remains unclear. A dependency of plasma and neutrophil taurine to severity of sepsis and to metabolic variables seems not possible because of the multifactorial pathophysiology of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Engel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Management University Hospital, Giessen, Germany.
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Bienzle D, Reggeti F, Wen X, Little S, Hobson J, Kruth S. The variability of serological and molecular diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Can Vet J 2004; 45:753-7. [PMID: 15510684 PMCID: PMC545975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has recently become available, but little is known about the performance of this assay. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PCR diagnosis of FIV infection. Replicate aliquots of blood samples from cats identified as FIV positive or negative by 2 previous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results, and from clinically healthy dogs, were submitted to different laboratories for FIV serologic diagnosis and PCR. The PCR products obtained in 1 laboratory were sequenced to determine the FIV subtype. The PCR assays correctly identified 100%, 80%, and 50% of the FIV-positive samples, and 100%, 90%, and 70% of FIV-negative samples. Each dog sample was reported as FIV PCR positive at least once, and FIV subtypes A, B, and C were identified. It was concluded that PCR tests currently available for FIV infection are unreliable, with highly variable sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W
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Lindow SW, Regnéll P, Sykes J, Little S. An open-label, multicentre study to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel reflux suppressant (Gaviscon Advance) in the treatment of heartburn during pregnancy. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57:175-9. [PMID: 12723718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel reflux suppressant, Gaviscon Advance, in the treatment of heartburn during pregnancy. The study was an open-label, multicentre, phase IV study in general practice and antenatal clinics in the UK and Republic of South Africa. Pregnant women (< or = 38 weeks gestation; n=150) aged 18-40 years suffering from heartburn were instructed to take Gaviscon Advance 5-10 ml, as required, to relieve symptoms. The main outcome measures were the efficacy rating of the study medication by the investigator and women after four weeks using a five-point efficacy scale. After four weeks the investigators' and women's rating of efficacy was 'very good' or 'good' in 88% and 90% of women, respectively. Most women (57%, n=83) reported symptom relief within 10 minutes. Thus Gaviscon Advance effectively and rapidly treats heartburn during pregnancy. Its use during pregnancy presents no known significant safety concerns for mother or child.
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Erlich H, Bonnet J, Frueh FW, Bertrand P, Schmitz G, Salvatore G, Little S, Lambert C, Baranova E, Siest G. Pharmacogenetics: from bench to bedside. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:610-4. [PMID: 12747610 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Erlich
- Roche Molecular Systems, Bldg. 725, Alameda, USA
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Jarnagin WR, Zager JS, Klimstra D, Delman KA, Malhotra S, Ebright M, Little S, DeRubertis B, Stanziale SF, Hezel M, Federoff H, Fong Y. Neoadjuvant treatment of hepatic malignancy: an oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing IL-12 effectively treats the parent tumor and protects against recurrence-after resection. Cancer Gene Ther 2003; 10:215-23. [PMID: 12637943 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of NV1042, a replication competent, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) containing the interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene, as primary treatment for hepatic tumors and to further assess its ability to reduce tumor recurrence following resection. Resection is the most effective therapy for hepatic malignancies, but is not possible in the majority of the patients. Furthermore, recurrence is common after resection, most often in the remnant liver and likely because of microscopic residual disease in the setting of postoperative host cellular immune dysfunction. We hypothesize that, unlike other gene transfer approaches, direct injection of liver tumors with replication competent, oncolytic HSV expressing IL-12 will not only provide effective control of the parent tumor, but will also elicit an immune response directed at residual tumor cells, thus decreasing the risk of cancer recurrence after resection. Solitary Morris hepatomas, established in Buffalo rat livers, were injected directly with 10(7) particles of NV1042, NV1023, an oncolytic HSV identical to NV1042 but without the IL-12 gene, or with saline. Following tumor injection, the parent tumors were resected and measured and the animals were challenged with an intraportal injection of 10(5) tumor cells, recreating the clinical scenario of residual microscopic cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity against Morris hepatoma cells was similar for both viruses at a multiplicity of infection of 1 (MOI, ratio of viral particles to target cells), with >90% tumor cell kill by day 6. NV1042 induced high-level expression of IL-12 in vitro, peaking after 4 days in culture. Furthermore, a single intratumoral injection of NV1042, but not NV1023, induced marked IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression. Both viruses induced a significant local immune response as evidenced by an increase in the number of intratumoral CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, although the peak of CD8(+) infiltration was later with NV1042 compared with NV1023. NV1042 and NV1023 reduced parent tumor volume by 74% (P<.003) and 52% (P<.03), respectively, compared to control animals. Treatment of established tumors with NV1042, but not with NV1023, significantly reduced the number of hepatic tumors after resection of the parent tumor and rechallenge (16.8+/-11 (median=4) vs. 65.9+/-15 (median=66) in control animals, P<.025). In conclusion, oncolytic HSV therapy combined with local immune stimulation with IL-12 offers effective control of parent hepatic tumors and also protects against microscopic residual disease after resection. The ease of use of this combined modality approach, which appears to be superior to either approach alone, suggests that it may have clinical relevance, both as primary treatment for patients with unresectable tumors and also as a neoadjuvant strategy for reducing recurrence after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Welkos S, Friedlander A, Weeks S, Little S, Mendelson I. In-vitro characterisation of the phagocytosis and fate of anthrax spores in macrophages and the effects of anti-PA antibody. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51:821-831. [PMID: 12435060 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-10-821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) to the protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax toxins have anti-spore as well as anti-toxin activities. Anti-PA antisera and purified anti-PA Abs enhance the phagocytosis by murine-derived macrophages (MQs) of spores of the Ames and Sterne strains and retard the germination of extracellular spores in vitro. The fate after phagocytosis of untreated and anti-PA-treated spores was further studied in culture medium that supported phagocytosis without stimulating spore germination (Dulbecco's minimal essential medium with horse serum 10%). The spores germinated within cells of primary peritoneal murine MQs (C3H/HeN) and MQs of the RAW264.7 MQ-like cell line; germination was associated with a rapid decline in spore viability. Exposure of MQs to inhibitors of phago-endosomal acidification (bafilomycin A and chloroquine) reduced the efficiency of MQ killing and allowed outgrowth and replication of the organisms. Treatment of spores with anti-PA Abs stimulated their phagocytosis and was associated with enhanced MQ killing of the spores. The enhanced killing of spores correlated with the greater extent of germination of anti-PA-treated spores after phagocytosis. A PA null mutant of the Ames strain exhibited none of the effects associated with anti-PA Ab treatment ofthe parental strain. Thus, the anti-PA Ab-specific immunity induced by vaccines has anti-spore activities and its role in impeding the early stages of infection with Bacillusanthracis needs to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Friedlander
- Division of Bacteriology and *Headquarters, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA
| | | | | | - I Mendelson
- Division of Bacteriology and *Headquarters, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA
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Melly E, Genest PC, Gilmore ME, Little S, Popham DL, Driks A, Setlow P. Analysis of the properties of spores of Bacillus subtilis prepared at different temperatures. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:1105-15. [PMID: 12010551 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of sporulation temperature on Bacillus subtilis spore resistance and spore composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus subtilis spores prepared at temperatures from 22 to 48 degrees C had identical amounts of dipicolinic acid and small, acid-soluble proteins but the core water content was lower in spores prepared at higher temperatures. As expected from this latter finding, spores prepared at higher temperatures were more resistant to wet heat than were spores prepared at lower temperatures. Spores prepared at higher temperatures were also more resistant to hydrogen peroxide, Betadine, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and a superoxidized water, Sterilox. However, spores prepared at high and low temperatures exhibited nearly identical resistance to u.v. radiation and dry heat. The cortex peptidoglycan in spores prepared at different temperatures showed very little difference in structure with only a small, albeit significant, increase in the percentage of muramic acid with a crosslink in spores prepared at higher temperatures. In contrast, there were readily detectable differences in the levels of coat proteins in spores prepared at different temperatures and the levels of at least one coat protein, CotA, fell significantly as the sporulation temperature increased. However, this latter change was not due to a reduction in cotA gene expression at higher temperatures. CONCLUSIONS The temperature of sporulation affects a number of spore properties, including resistance to many different stress factors, and also results in significant alterations in the spore coat and cortex composition. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The precise conditions for the formation of B. subtilis spores have a large effect on many spore properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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41
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Abstract
Bacterial spores are surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous shell called the coat. In Bacillus subtilis, a coat protein called CotE guides the assembly of a major subset of coat proteins. To understand how CotE carries out its role in coat morphogenesis, we subjected its gene to mutagenesis and studied the effects of altered versions of CotE on coat formation. We identified regions within the C-terminal 28 amino acids that direct the deposition of the coat proteins CotA, CotB, CotG, CotSA, CotS and 35 kDa and 49 kDa proteins likely to be the spore proteins CotR (formerly known as YvdO) and YaaH respectively. The timing and genetic dependency of CotR accumulation are consistent with control of its gene by sigmaK and GerE. In addition, we identified a 35-amino-acid internal region involved in targeting of CotE to the forespore. Finally, we found that sequences within this 35-amino-acid region as well as within an 18-amino-acid stretch in the N-terminus of CotE direct the formation of CotE multimers, most probably homooligomers. These results suggest that: (i) most interactions between CotE and the coat proteins assembled under CotE control take place at the CotE C-terminus; (ii) an internal region of CotE connects it with the forespore surface; and (iii) interactions between CotE molecules depend on residues within an 18-amino-acid region in the N-terminal half of CotE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Little
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walsh
- St Martin's College, Carlisle, Cumbria
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Atwill ER, Camargo SM, Phillips R, Alonso LH, Tate KW, Jensen WA, Bennet J, Little S, Salmon TP. Quantitative shedding of two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2840-3. [PMID: 11375204 PMCID: PMC92948 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.6.2840-2843.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen percent of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were found to be shedding an average of 53,875 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts/g of feces. Male squirrels had a higher prevalence and higher intensity of shedding than did female squirrels. The majority of C. parvum isolates matched a bovine-murine genotype, with a few isolates resembling a porcine genotype. Higher intensities of shedding by males may enhance dissemination and genotypic mixing of this protozoa given males' proclivity to disperse to nonnatal colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Atwill
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Tulare, California 93274, USA.
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Schacker T, Little S, Connick E, Gebhard K, Zhang ZQ, Krieger J, Pryor J, Havlir D, Wong JK, Schooley RT, Richman D, Corey L, Haase AT. Productive infection of T cells in lymphoid tissues during primary and early human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:555-62. [PMID: 11170980 DOI: 10.1086/318524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2000] [Revised: 10/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Current models suggest that during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission virions are selected that use the CCR5 chemokine receptor on macrophages and/or dendritic cells. A gradual evolution to CXCR4 chemokine receptor use causes a shift in the proportion of productively infected cells to the CD4 cell population. Productively infected cells during acute and early infection in lymphoid tissue were assessed, as well as the impact of productive infection on the T cell population in 21 persons who had biopsies performed on days 2-280 after symptoms of acute HIV-1 seroconversion. Even in the earliest stages of infection, most productively infected cells were T lymphocytes. There were sufficient infected cells in lymphoid tissue (LT) to account for virus production and virus load in plasma. Despite the relatively high frequency of productively infected cells in LT, the impact on the size of the T cell population in LT at this stage was minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schacker
- Dept. of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Box 250 UMHC, 516 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Daar ES, Little S, Pitt J, Santangelo J, Ho P, Harawa N, Kerndt P, Glorgi JV, Bai J, Gaut P, Richman DD, Mandel S, Nichols S. Diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection. Los Angeles County Primary HIV Infection Recruitment Network. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:25-9. [PMID: 11187417 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal approach for diagnosing primary HIV-1 infection has not been defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of symptoms and virologic tests for diagnosing primary HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A teaching hospital in Los Angeles and a university research center in San Diego, California. PATIENTS 436 patients who had symptoms consistent with primary HIV infection. MEASUREMENTS Clinical information and levels of HIV antibody, HIV RNA, and p24 antigen. RESULTS Primary infection was diagnosed in 54 patients (12.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of the p24 antigen assay were 88.7% (95% CI, 77.0% to 95.7%) and 100% (CI, 99.3% to 100%), respectively. For the HIV RNA assay, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 97.4% (CI, 94.9% to 98.9%). Fever, myalgia, rash, night sweats, and arthralgia occurred more frequently in patients with primary infection (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS No sign or symptom allows targeted screening for primary infection. Although assays for HIV RNA are more sensitive than those for p24 antigen in diagnosing primary infection, they are more expensive and are more likely to yield false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Daar
- Cedars-Sinai Burns & Allen Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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46
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Gingles NA, Alexander JE, Kadioglu A, Andrew PW, Kerr A, Mitchell TJ, Hopes E, Denny P, Brown S, Jones HB, Little S, Booth GC, McPheat WL. Role of genetic resistance in invasive pneumococcal infection: identification and study of susceptibility and resistance in inbred mouse strains. Infect Immun 2001; 69:426-34. [PMID: 11119534 PMCID: PMC97900 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.1.426-434.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From a panel of nine inbred mice strains intranasally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2 strain, BALB/c mice were resistant and CBA/Ca and SJL mice were susceptible to infection. Further investigation revealed that BALB/c mice were able to prevent proliferation of pneumococci in the lungs and blood, whereas CBA/Ca mice showed no bacterial clearance. Rapidly increasing numbers of bacteria in the blood was a feature of CBA/Ca but not BALB/c mice. In the lungs, BALB/c mice recruited significantly more neutrophils than CBA/Ca mice at 12 and 24 h postinfection. Inflammatory lesions in BALB/c mice were visible much earlier than in CBA/Ca mice, and there was a greater cellular infiltration into the lung tissue of BALB/c mice at the earlier time points. Our data suggest that resistance or susceptibility to intranasal pneumococci may have an association with recruitment and/or function of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Gingles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leicester, Alderley Edge, United Kingdom
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47
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Diamandis EP, Yousef GM, Clements J, Ashworth LK, Yoshida S, Egelrud T, Nelson PS, Shiosaka S, Little S, Lilja H, Stenman UH, Rittenhouse HG, Wain H. New nomenclature for the human tissue kallikrein gene family. Clin Chem 2000; 46:1855-8. [PMID: 11067830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E P Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
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Binley JM, Trkola A, Ketas T, Schiller D, Clas B, Little S, Richman D, Hurley A, Markowitz M, Moore JP. The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on binding and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:945-9. [PMID: 10950795 DOI: 10.1086/315774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2000] [Revised: 05/15/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect on humoral immune responses of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) commenced during primary or chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated. HAART inhibited the development of anti-gp120 antibodies when initiated during primary infection and could sometimes reduce antibody titers in patients treated within 2 years of HIV-1 infection. Conversely, antibody responses in patients infected for several years were less sensitive to HAART. Administering HAART during primary infection usually did not substantially affect the development of weak neutralizing antibody responses against autologous virus. However, 2 patients treated very early after infection did not develop neutralizing responses. In contrast, 3 of 4 patients intermittently adherent to therapy developed autologous neutralizing antibodies of unusually high titer, largely coincident with brief viremic periods. The induction of strong neutralizing antibody responses during primary HIV-1 infection might require the suppression of virus replication by HAART, to allow for the recovery of immune competency, followed by exposure to native envelope glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Binley
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Human spermatozoa were cooled from 37 to 0 degrees C at 10 degrees C min(-1) in 5 degrees C steps with 1 min equilibration at each step, the temperature control was +/- 0.1 degrees C. Spermatozoa were held at 0 degrees C for 5 min and then rewarmed at the same rate. No significant effect of cooling on the straight-line velocity was found using computer-aided semen analysis. The physiological function of spermatozoa was also examined before and after cooling using hypoosmotic swelling, ionophore-provoked acrosome reaction, and binding to fragments of human zonae pellucidae. Spermatozoa were cooled either in seminal plasma or in conventional IVF medium with or without fractionation by centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll gradient. When spermatozoa were cooled and rewarmed in seminal plasma there was no significant change in either the ionophore-induced acrosome reaction or the binding to zona pellucida fragments. When spermatozoa were fractionated by centrifugation through Percoll an increased response in both was seen. However, following cooling and rewarming, a significant decline in the response of both occurred. We suggest that motility alone is not a reliable predictor of changes in other physiological functions of spermatozoa following cooling. Furthermore, short-term cooling appears to have no significant detrimental effect on normozoospermic samples and cold shock may be avoided in the clinical context by controlled cooling and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chantler
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Healthcare, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 0JH, United Kingdom
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50
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Kocan AA, Ewing SA, Stallknecht D, Murphy GL, Little S, Whitworth LC, Barker RW. Attempted transmission of Ehrlichia chaffeensis among white-tailed deer by Amblyomma maculatum. J Wildl Dis 2000; 36:592-4. [PMID: 10941753 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A deer was needle-exposed intravenously to Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) in canine macrophage (DH82) cells and 7 days later was infested with laboratory-reared Amblyomma maculatum (Koch) (Acari:Ixodidae) nymphs for acquisition feeding. After molting, the adult ticks were allowed to feed on a naive deer. The organism was reisolated from the needle-exposed deer by cell culture and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in the deer's blood by PCR. Similar isolation/recovery techniques were used for the tick-exposed deer and no evidence of infection was found. Although these findings must be considered as preliminary owing to inadequate controls, the data suggest that A. maculatum is probably not a suitable vector for E. chaffeensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kocan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-2006, USA.
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