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Nelson B, Lamba M, Ewart S, Ike N, Lewis L, Pater L. Differences in Normal Tissue Exposure and Second Malignancy Risk With Inclusion of the Vertebral Body in Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Craniospinal Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang H, Kaushal A, Soto-Ramírez N, Ziyab AH, Ewart S, Holloway JW, Karmaus W, Arshad H. Acquisition, remission, and persistence of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:568-576. [PMID: 29350800 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization is associated with eczema, asthma, and rhinitis. However, it is unknown whether and how allergic sensitization is associated over time with acquisition, remission, and persistence of these diseases and their comorbidity. OBJECTIVE To gain a better understanding of factors including allergic sensitization transitions that influence the temporal pattern of asthma, eczema, and rhinitis and their comorbidity during childhood. METHODS In the Isle of Wight birth cohort, information on allergic sensitization to common allergens was collected at ages 4, 10, and 18 years along with asthma, rhinitis, and eczema status determined by clinical diagnosis. Logistic regressions were used to estimate subsequent and concurrent odds ratios of diseases transition with allergic sensitization transition status as the main independent variable. Two transition periods were considered, 4 to 10 years of age and 10 to 18 years of age. RESULTS The odds of new diagnosis of allergic disease (no-yes) was increased among subjects with acquired or persistent allergic sensitization to common allergens compared to subjects with no sensitization (acquisition of sensitization odds ratio [OR]=3.22, P < .0001; persistence of sensitization, OR=6.33, P < .0001). The odds of remission of allergic diseases (yes-no) was lower among subjects with acquired or sustained allergic sensitization (acquisition, OR=0.18, P = .0001; persistence, OR=0.085, P < .0001), compared to subjects not sensitized. Subjects with acquired or persistent allergic sensitization were also had higher odds for persistence of disease (yes-yes) than subjects not sensitized (acquisition, OR=5.49, P = .0001; persistence, OR=11.79, P < .0001). CONCLUSION Transition of allergic sensitizations to common allergens is a prognostic factor for subsequent or concurrent transition of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis. Prevention or reduction in allergic sensitization has a potential to lead to remission of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Kaushal
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - N Soto-Ramírez
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - A H Ziyab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - S Ewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J W Holloway
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
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Ziyab AH, Ewart S, Lockett GA, Zhang H, Arshad H, Holloway JW, Karmaus W. Expression of the filaggrin gene in umbilical cord blood predicts eczema risk in infancy: A birth cohort study. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1185-1192. [PMID: 28502108 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filaggrin gene (FLG) expression, particularly in the skin, has been linked to the development of the skin barrier and is associated with eczema risk. However, knowledge as to whether FLG expression in umbilical cord blood (UCB) is associated with eczema development and prediction is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess whether FLG expression in UCB associates with and predicts the development of eczema in infancy. METHODS Infants enrolled in a birth cohort study (n=94) were assessed for eczema at ages 3, 6, and 12 months. Five probes measuring FLG transcripts expression in UCB were available from genomewide gene expression profiling. FLG genetic variants R501X, 2282del4, and S3247X were genotyped. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. Area under the curve (AUC), describing the discriminatory/predictive performance of fitted models, was estimated from logistic regression. RESULTS Increased level of FLG expression measured by probe A_24_P51322 was associated with reduced risk of eczema during the first year of life (RR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.38-0.95). In contrast, increased level of FLG antisense transcripts measured by probe A_21_P0014075 was associated with increased risk of eczema (RR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.10-3.72). In prediction models including FLG expression, FLG genetic variants, and sex, discrimination between children who will and will not develop eczema at 3 months of age was high (AUC: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrated, for the first time, that FLG expression in UCB is associated with eczema development in infancy. Moreover, our analysis provided prediction models that were capable of discriminating, to a great extent, between those who will and will not develop eczema in infancy. Therefore, early identification of infants at increased risk of developing eczema is possible and such high-risk newborns may benefit from early stratification and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ziyab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - S Ewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Ziyab AH, Mukherjee N, Ewart S, Arshad SH, Karmaus W, Turati F, Bertuccio P, Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Naldi L, Bach JF, Vecchia CL, Chatenoud L. Filaggrin gene loss-of-function variants modify the effect of breast-feeding on eczema risk in early childhood. Allergy 2016; 71:1371-3. [PMID: 27492891 DOI: 10.1111/all.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Ziyab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Kuwait University; Kuwait Kuwait
| | - N. Mukherjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health; School of Public Health; University of Memphis; Memphis TN USA
| | - S. Ewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI USA
| | - S. H. Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit; University Hospital Southampton; Southampton UK
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre; Isle of Wight UK
| | - W. Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health; School of Public Health; University of Memphis; Memphis TN USA
| | - F. Turati
- Department of Epidemiology - IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan Italy
| | - P. Bertuccio
- Department of Epidemiology - IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan Italy
| | - C. Galeone
- Department of Epidemiology - IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan Italy
| | - C. Pelucchi
- Department of Epidemiology - IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan Italy
| | - L. Naldi
- Department of Dermatology; Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII; Centro Studi GISED; Bergamo Italy
| | - J-F. Bach
- Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- INSERM; Paris France
| | - C. L. Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - L. Chatenoud
- Department of Epidemiology - IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’; Milan Italy
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Ziyab AH, Karmaus W, Zhang H, Holloway JW, Steck SE, Ewart S, Arshad SH. Allergic sensitization and filaggrin variants predispose to the comorbidity of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis: results from the Isle of Wight birth cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1170-8. [PMID: 24708301 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization and filaggrin gene (FLG) variants are important risk factors for allergic disorders; however, knowledge on their individual and interactive effects on the coexistence of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the single and combined effects of allergic sensitization and FLG variants on the development of single and multiple allergic disorders. METHODS The Isle of Wight birth cohort (n = 1456) has been examined at 1, 2, 4, 10, and 18 years of age. Repeated measurements of eczema, asthma, rhinitis, and skin prick tests were available for all follow-ups. FLG variants were genotyped in 1150 participants. Associations of allergic sensitization and FLG variants with single and multiple allergic disorders were tested in log-binomial regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of eczema-, asthma-, and rhinitis-only ranged from 5.6% to 8.5%, 4.9% to 10.2%, and 2.5% to 20.4%, respectively, during the first 18 years of life. The coexistence of allergic disorders is common, with approximately 2% of the population reporting the comorbidity of 'eczema, asthma, and rhinitis' during the study period. In repeated measurement analyses, allergic sensitization and FLG variants, when analysed separately, were associated with having single and multiple allergic disorders. Of particular significance, their combined effect increased the risk of 'eczema and asthma' (RR = 13.67, 95% CI: 7.35-25.42), 'asthma and rhinitis' (RR = 7.46, 95% CI: 5.07-10.98), and 'eczema, asthma, and rhinitis' (RR = 23.44, 95% CI: 12.27-44.78). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The coexistence of allergic disorders is frequent, and allergic sensitization and FLG variants jointly increased risk of allergic comorbidities, which may represent more severe and complex clinical phenotypes. The interactive effect and the elevated proportion of allergic comorbidities associated with allergic sensitization and FLG variants emphasize their joint importance in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ziyab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Gordon-Maclean C, Ewart S, Orem J, Casper C. Research to reduce the burden of infection-related cancers conducted by
the Uganda Cancer Institute/Hutchinson Center Cancer Alliance. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Zhang H, Raza A, Patil V, Karmaus W, Ewart S, Arshad SH. The diversity of young adult wheeze: a cluster analysis in a longitudinal birth cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:724-35. [PMID: 24654674 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cluster analyses have enhanced understanding of the heterogeneity of both paediatric and adult wheezing. However, while adolescence represents an important transitional phase, the nature of young adult wheeze has yet to be clearly characterised. OBJECTIVES To use cluster analysis to define, for the first time, clinically relevant young adult wheeze clusters in a longitudinal birth cohort. METHODS K-means cluster analysis was undertaken among 309 currently wheezing subjects at 18 years in the Isle of Wight birth cohort (N = 1456). Thirteen disease-characterising clustering variables at 18 years were used. Resulting clusters were then further characterised by severity indices plus potential risk factors for wheeze development throughout the 1st 18 years of life. RESULTS Six wheeze clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (12.3%) male-early-childhood-onset-atopic-wheeze-with-normal-lung-function had male predominance, normal spirometry, low bronchodilator reversibility (BDR), intermediate bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), high atopy prevalence and more admissions. Cluster 2 (24.2%) early-childhood-onset-wheeze-with-intermediate-lung-function had no specific sex association, intermediate spirometry, BDR, BHR, more significant BTS step therapy and admissions. Cluster 3 (9.7%) female-early-childhood-onset-atopic-wheeze-with-impaired-lung-function showed female predominance, high allergic disease comorbidity, more severe BDR and BHR, greatest airflow obstruction, high smoking prevalence, higher symptom severity and admissions. Cluster 4 (19.4%) female-undiagnosed-wheezers had adolescent-onset non-atopic wheeze, low BDR and BHR, impaired but non-obstructed spirometry, high symptom frequency and highest smoking prevalence. Cluster 5 (24.6%) female-late-childhood-onset-wheeze-with-normal-lung-function showed no specific atopy association, normal spirometry, low BDR, BHR and symptom severity. Cluster 6 (9.7%) male-late-childhood-onset-atopic-wheeze-with-impaired-lung-function had high atopy and rhinitis prevalence, increased BDR and BHR, moderately impaired spirometry, high symptom severity and higher BTS step therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Young adult wheeze is diverse and can be classified into distinct clusters. More severe clusters merit attention and are associated with childhood onset, atopy, impaired lung function and in some, smoking. Smoking-associated undiagnosed wheezers also merit recognition. Better understanding of young adult wheeze could facilitate better later adult respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Kurukulaaratchy
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital Newport, Isle of Wight, UK; Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Patil VK, Holloway J, Zhang H, Ewart S, Arshad S, Karmaus W. Basic and clinical immunology – 3028. Interaction of DNA methylation and genetic variants of IL13 is associated with FEV1/FVC and BHR. World Allergy Organ J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3643610 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-s1-p203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Ziyab AH, Karmaus W, Holloway JW, Zhang H, Ewart S, Arshad SH. DNA methylation of the filaggrin gene adds to the risk of eczema associated with loss-of-function variants. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e420-3. [PMID: 23003573 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function variants within the filaggrin gene (FLG) are associated with a dysfunctional skin barrier that contributes to the development of eczema. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, are genetic regulatory mechanisms that modulate gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether genetic variants and adjacent differential DNA methylation within the FLG gene synergistically act on the development of eczema. METHODS A subsample (n = 245, only females aged 18 years) of the Isle of Wight birth cohort participants (n = 1456) had available information for FLG variants R501X, 2282del4 and S3247X and DNA methylation levels for 10 CpG sites within the FLG gene. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the risk ratios (RRs) of eczema associated with FLG variants at different methylation levels. RESULTS The period prevalence of eczema was 15.2% at age 18 years and 9.0% of participants were carriers (heterozygous) of FLG variants. Of the 10 CpG sites spanning the genomic region of FLG, methylation levels of CpG site 'cg07548383' showed a significant interaction with FLG sequence variants on the risk for eczema. At 86% methylation level, filaggrin haploinsufficient individuals had a 5.48-fold increased risk of eczema when compared to those with wild type FLG genotype (P-value = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS Our novel results indicated that the association between FLG loss-of-function variants and eczema is modulated by DNA methylation. Simultaneously assessing the joint effect of genetic and epigenetic factors within the FLG gene further highlights the importance of this genomic region for eczema manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Ziyab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Academic Unit of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
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Soto-Ramírez N, Alexander M, Karmaus W, Yousefi M, Zhang H, Kurukulaaratchy R, Raza A, Mitchell F, Ewart S, Arshad S. Breastfeeding is associated with increased lung function at 18 years of age: a cohort study. Eur Respir J 2011; 39:985-91. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00037011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ogbuanu IU, Karmaus W, Arshad SH, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Ewart S. Effect of breastfeeding duration on lung function at age 10 years: a prospective birth cohort study. Thorax 2008; 64:62-6. [PMID: 19001004 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protective effects of breastfeeding on early life respiratory infections are established, but there have been conflicting reports on protection from asthma in late childhood. The association of breastfeeding duration and lung function was assessed in 10-year-old children. METHODS In the Isle of Wight birth cohort (n = 1456), breastfeeding practices and duration were prospectively assessed at birth and at subsequent follow-up visits (1 and 2 years). Breastfeeding duration was categorised as "not breastfed" (n = 196); "<2 months" (n = 243); "2 to <4 months" (n = 142) and ">or=4 months" (n = 374). Lung function was measured at age 10 years (n = 1033): forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), FEV(1)/FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Maternal history of asthma and allergy was assessed at birth. The effect of breastfeeding on lung function was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for birth weight, sex, current height and weight, family social status cluster and maternal education. RESULTS Compared with those who were not breastfed, FVC was increased by 54.0 (SE 21.1) ml (p = 0.001), FEV(1) by 39.5 (20.1) ml(p = 0.05) and PEF by 180.8 (66.1) ml/s (p = 0.006) in children who were breastfed for at least 4 months. In models for FEV(1) and PEF that adjusted for FVC, the effect of breastfeeding was retained only for PEF (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding for at least 4 months enhances lung volume in children. The effect on airflow appears to be mediated by lung volume changes. Future studies need to elucidate the mechanisms that drive this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- I U Ogbuanu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Norman J Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Arshad SH, Karmaus W, Kurukulaaratchy R, Sadeghnejad A, Huebner M, Ewart S. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 13 and GATA binding protein 3 genes and the development of eczema during childhood. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:1315-22. [PMID: 18410415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic eczema is characterized by Th2-dominant immunity with the cytokine interleukin 13 and the transcription factor GATA binding protein 3 playing a critical role. OBJECTIVES We assessed the association of polymorphisms in the IL13 and GATA3 genes with childhood eczema. METHODS A birth cohort (n = 1456) was established on the Isle of Wight in 1989 and followed at the ages of 1 (n = 1167), 2 (n = 1174), 4 (n = 1218) and 10 years (n = 1373) to determine the prevalence of allergic disease including eczema. At 4 and 10 years, skin prick testing was performed. Whole blood samples (n = 923) were obtained at the 10-year assessment, stored frozen, and genotyped. Five polymorphisms from IL13 and seven from GATA3 were genotyped for this analysis. Repeated measurement analyses were conducted for the occurrence of eczema at ages 1, 2, 4 and 10 years. All analyses were adjusted for maternal and paternal eczema, low birth weight (< 2500 g), breastfeeding >or= 3 months and age. RESULTS IL13 was not associated with childhood eczema. For GATA3, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2275806 (promoter region) showed an increased odds ratio for atopic eczema independent of whether the comparison group had a positive skin prick test. The SNP rs444762 (intron 3 region) was associated with atopic eczema in comparison with children without eczema. The increased relative risks remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing only for rs2275806 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A SNP in GATA3 is associated with atopic eczema. This finding highlights the importance of GATA3 as an immune-modulating gene in atopic eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Arshad
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight and IIR Research Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Li X, Wills-Karp M, Ewart S. Investigating Gata3 as a positional candidate gene for allergic asthma in a murine model. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 33:333-7. [PMID: 16984276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gata3 is a positional candidate gene for allergic asthma. We determined allergen-induced GATA-3 mRNA and protein expression in asthma susceptible and resistant mice and generated Gata3 sequence data. Our data indicate that the Gata3 gene in isolation is not a causative agent of asthma susceptibility in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Genetics Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ewart S. The use of restraints in Saskatchewan long term care facilities. Concern 1997; 26:27-9. [PMID: 9355331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Padrid P, Ewart S. Production of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor by carcinomas in a dog and a cat with paraneoplastic leukocytosis. J Vet Intern Med 1997; 11:95. [PMID: 9127297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Characterization of pulmonary function parameters in mice will facilitate the dissection of genetic mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness. We evaluated acetylcholine (ACh)-induced respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) in A/J and C3H/HeJ mice and compared these results with the previously used airway pressure-time index (APTI). A low-dead-space ventilatory system was designed to ventilate anesthetized mice with constant inspiratory flow. The end-inflation occlusion method was used to measure Rrs and Ers at baseline and after intravenous ACh (12.5-75.0 micrograms/kg) challenge. ACh induced a dose-dependent rise in Rrs and Ers in A/J mice, whereas minimal changes were observed in C3H/HeJ mice. A/J mice had a higher baseline Rrs, yet the response to ACh was independent of baseline Rrs. Additionally, sequential ACh challenges led to augmented responses. Rrs, Ers, and APTI were strongly correlated, and each was useful to detect differences in interstrain cholinergic-induced airway responsiveness. The Rrs detected the smallest differences between the strains of mice studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ewart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Ewart S. Moclobemide. Aust Nurses J 1992; 22:32-3. [PMID: 1492825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ewart S, Williams A, Stickle R. What is your diagnosis? Diaphragmatic hernia in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:493-4. [PMID: 1506262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314
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Ewart S, Brown C, Derksen F, Kufuor-Mensa E. Serratia marcescens endocarditis in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 200:961-3. [PMID: 1577651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens was the causative agent of bacterial endocarditis in a 2-year-old Arabian stallion. The horse was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 1 month. The horse died several months after treatment was discontinued. To our knowledge, Serratia marcescens has not been reported as the cause of bacterial endocarditis in horses; however, multiple cases of bacterial endocarditis attributable to Serratia marcescens have been documented in human beings. The bacteria is most commonly isolated in immune-compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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Joos SK, Ewart S. A health survey of Klamath Indian elders 30 years after the loss of tribal status. Public Health Rep 1988; 103:166-73. [PMID: 3128833 PMCID: PMC1477978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Federal recognition of the tribal status of the Klamath Indians of Oregon was terminated by Congress in 1954, along with all health, education, and welfare services. In the winter and spring of 1985 a health status and health care needs assessment was conducted among 202 Klamath Indians ages 40 years and older with the use of a shortened version of the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) instrument. Twenty percent of the Klamaths surveyed reported having diabetes, and more than 30 percent reported having arthritis, rheumatism, or hypertension, or having had their gallbladder removed. The data were compared with those of national surveys of Indian and non-Indian elders that also used the OARS instrument. Even though the Klamaths surveyed were younger than the comparison groups, their health status was no better than that of other Indians and was worse than that of the non-Indian population. Moreover, among these Klamath adults, health insurance coverage was lower, and perceived unmet needs for medical care were higher than in either of the comparison groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Joos
- Portland State University, Institute on Aging, OR 97207
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