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Oliveira C, Barbosa B, Couto JG, Bravo I, Hughes C, McFadden S, Khine R, McNair HA. Advanced practice in radiotherapy across Europe: stakeholders' perceptions of implementation and evolution. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:896-907. [PMID: 38608565 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adapting radiotherapy services with workforce innovation using skills-mix or task-shifting optimises resources, supporting current and future demands. Advanced practitioners (APs) work at a different level of practice (beyond initial registration) across four pillars: clinical practice, leadership and management, education, and research. There is limited cross-country research on the advanced therapeutic radiographers/radiation therapists (TR/RTTs), particularly in Europe. This study aimed to investigate European radiotherapy stakeholders' perceptions regarding current and future advanced practice (AP). METHODS From June to September 2022, one-to-one online semi-structured interviews were conducted in English, and audio and video were recorded. Full verbatim audio files were independently transcribed and checked by interviewer and interviewees. Braun and Clarke's seven steps guided the thematic analysis (using NVivo). RESULTS Thirty-three interviewees working or studying in 16 European countries represented practitioners (n=14), managers (n=6), educators (n=4), professional bodies (n=4), students (n=3), and regulators (n=2). Four overarching themes emerged: "AP drivers and outcomes", "AP challenges vs enablers", "Current vs future AP", "Becoming and being advanced practitioner". Participants identified research as the neglected AP pillar due to a lack of protected time, limited staff skills, no research culture, no funding, workload, and clinical priorities. Interviewees highlighted the importance of consistency in job titles, harmonisation of education models and curricula, definition of AP requirements, and support for all AP pillars through job plans and workforce planning. CONCLUSION Neither the profession nor education of TR/RTTs are harmonised across Europe, which is highly reflected in advanced-level practice. Advanced TR/RTTs should work across all pillars, including research, and these should be embedded in master's programmes, including leadership. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study highlights a policy gap in the education and practice of APs in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliveira
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), Portugal; Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Vigo, Spain.
| | - B Barbosa
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), Portugal; Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Vigo, Spain; Medical Physics, Radiobiology Group and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), Portugal.
| | - J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - I Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology Group and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), Portugal.
| | - C Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, United Kingdom.
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, United Kingdom.
| | - R Khine
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - H A McNair
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, Netherlands; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Radiotherapy and the Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Crowther K, Carey N, McFadden S, Stenner K, Hughes C. Therapeutic radiographer prescribing practices in the United Kingdom: Questionnaire survey. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:964-970. [PMID: 38657390 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-medical professionals in the United Kingdom (UK) have been granted prescribing rights to improve patient care quality and cost-effectiveness. There is limited evidence on how therapeutic radiographer prescribers have impacted medicine management or patient services. METHODS An online survey was conducted amongst non-medical prescribing therapeutic radiographers in the UK between 2019 and 2022. The study teams initially analysed the individual data sets, subsequently combined, and secondary analysis was performed to provide a UK perspective, to understand the services provided and identify areas for improvement. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics from Microsoft Excel® and SPSS®. RESULTS 74 non-medical prescribing therapeutic radiographers who were predominantly over 40 years old and in full-time work participated. The main job categories were consultant radiographers (n = 23, 31.1%) and advanced practice practitioners (n = 18, 24.3%). Many use their prescribing qualifications (87.5%, n = 62), issuing a mean of 15 independent and seven items by supplementary and prescribing per week. Most received assessment and diagnostic skills training before prescribing courses (91.6%, n = 67). Respondents prescribed from a median of six areas, with the highest being in GI (82%), skin (68%), infections (58%), urinary tract disorders (55%) and ear, nose, and oropharynx conditions (54%). CONCLUSION This study presents the first report on therapeutic radiographers prescribing in the UK, offering insights into current practices and highlighting the success of non-medical prescribing. Therapeutic radiographers' roles continue to expand into advanced practice and medicine-prescribing responsibilities, contributing to holistic and patient-centred care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results are relevant for nations grappling with oncology workforce shortages and contemplating similar roles for therapeutic radiographers. The study can be a valuable resource for policymakers and healthcare organisations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Crowther
- School Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Belfast, York Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Accuray Incorporated, 1240 Deming Way, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - N Carey
- Centre for Rural Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, 12B Ness Walk, Inverness, Scotland, UK
| | - S McFadden
- School Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Belfast, York Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - K Stenner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, England, UK
| | - C Hughes
- School Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Belfast, York Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Guilherme Couto J, McNulty JP, Sundqvist E, Hughes C, McFadden S. Evaluation of the quality and impact of online learning through the SAFE EUROPE webinars. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:869-881. [PMID: 38598886 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SAFE EUROPE project, a European-funded project, addressed educational gaps of Therapeutic Radiographers/Radiation Therapists (TR/RTTs) by offering a series of free webinars. This study aimed to assess the quality of these webinars and their impact on professional practice. METHODS Data collection involved two methods: an automated feedback form administered after each webinar, supplemented by a survey disseminated through social media. The collected data encompassed attendance statistics, participants' professions and geographic locations, webinar quality assessment, the acquisition of new knowledge and skills, the application of this newfound knowledge in practice, and the likelihood of recommending these webinars. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Ethical approval for the study was obtained. RESULTS 11,286 individuals from 107 countries participated in 18 webinars. Despite 72.7% being radiographers, a diverse array of professionals attended the webinars, including medical physicists, oncologists, radiologists, and academics. Remarkably, 98.7% of respondents rated the webinar quality as either good or excellent. The average rating for the likelihood of recommending these webinars to colleagues was 8.96/10. A substantial proportion of respondents expressed agreement or strong agreement that the webinars enhanced their knowledge (85%) and skills (73%). Furthermore, 79% of participants indicated that the webinars motivated them to change practice, with 65% having already implemented these changes. The insights from open-ended questions corroborated these findings. CONCLUSION The webinars effectively achieved the aim of the SAFE EUROPE project to enhance practice by increasing knowledge and skills. Participants overwhelmingly endorsed the quality of these webinars. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Webinars represent a cost-efficient training tool that reaches a global audience and various radiography/radiotherapy professions. The development of additional webinars is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guilherme Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2090, Malta.
| | - J P McNulty
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, the Netherlands; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - E Sundqvist
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.
| | - C Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, UK.
| | - S McFadden
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, UK.
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Doherty G, McLaughlin L, Hughes C, McConnell J, Bond R, McFadden S. A scoping review of educational programmes on artificial intelligence (AI) available to medical imaging staff. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:474-482. [PMID: 38217933 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical imaging is arguably the most technologically advanced field in healthcare, encompassing a range of technologies which continually evolve as computing power and human knowledge expand. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the next frontier which medical imaging is pioneering. The rapid development and implementation of AI has the potential to revolutionise healthcare, however, to do so, staff must be competent and confident in its application, hence AI readiness is an important precursor to AI adoption. Research to ascertain the best way to deliver this AI-enabled healthcare training is in its infancy. The aim of this scoping review is to compare existing studies which investigate and evaluate the efficacy of AI educational interventions for medical imaging staff. METHODS Following the creation of a search strategy and keyword searches, screening was conducted to determine study eligibility. This consisted of a title and abstract scan, then subsequently a full-text review. Articles were included if they were empirical studies wherein an educational intervention on AI for medical imaging staff was created, delivered, and evaluated. RESULTS Of the initial 1309 records returned, n = 5 (∼0.4 %) of studies met the eligibility criteria of the review. The curricula and delivery in each of the five studies shared similar aims and a 'flipped classroom' delivery was the most utilised method. However, the depth of content covered in the curricula of each varied and measured outcomes differed greatly. CONCLUSION The findings of this review will provide insights into the evaluation of existing AI educational interventions, which will be valuable when planning AI education for healthcare staff. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review highlights the need for standardised and comprehensive AI training programs for imaging staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Doherty
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - L McLaughlin
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - C Hughes
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - J McConnell
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - R Bond
- Ulster University, School of Computing, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - S McFadden
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Soares AL, Couto JG, Bravo I, Buttigieg SC, McFadden S. Re Anudjo et al. 'Considerations for environmental sustainability in clinical radiology and radiotherapy practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for a greener practice'. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:176-177. [PMID: 38035430 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Soares
- Medical Physics Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2090, Malta.
| | - I Bravo
- Medical Physics and Radiobiology Group, Research Center (IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - S C Buttigieg
- Department of Health Systems Management and Leadership, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - S McFadden
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, UK.
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Akamatsu S, Bottin-Rousseau S, Witusiewicz VT, Hecht U, Plapp M, Ludwig A, Mogeritsch J, Şerefoğlu M, Bergeon N, Mota FL, Sturz L, Zimmermann G, McFadden S, Sillekens W. Microgravity studies of solidification patterns in model transparent alloys onboard the International Space Station. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:83. [PMID: 37852993 PMCID: PMC10584907 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We review recent in situ solidification experiments using nonfaceted model transparent alloys in science-in-microgravity facilities onboard the International Space Station (ISS), namely the Transparent Alloys (TA) apparatus and the Directional Solidification Insert of the DEvice for the study of Critical Liquids and Crystallization (DECLIC-DSI). These directional-solidification devices use innovative optical videomicroscopy imaging techniques to observe the spatiotemporal dynamics of solidification patterns in real time in large samples. In contrast to laboratory conditions on ground, microgravity guarantees the absence or a reduction of convective motion in the liquid, thus ensuring a purely diffusion-controlled growth of the crystalline solid(s). This makes it possible to perform a direct theoretical analysis of the formation process of solidification microstructures with comparisons to quantitative numerical simulations. Important questions that concern multiphase growth patterns in eutectic and peritectic alloys on the one hand and single-phased, cellular and dendritic structures on the other hand have been addressed, and unprecedented results have been obtained. Complex self-organizing phenomena during steady-state and transient coupled growth in eutectics and peritectics, interfacial-anisotropy effects in cellular arrays, and promising insights into the columnar-to-equiaxed transition are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akamatsu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, case courrier 840, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - S Bottin-Rousseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, case courrier 840, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | | | - U Hecht
- Access e.V., Intzestr. 5, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Plapp
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ludwig
- Department Metallurgy, University of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - J Mogeritsch
- Department Metallurgy, University of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - M Şerefoğlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Bergeon
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - F L Mota
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - L Sturz
- Access e.V., Intzestr. 5, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Zimmermann
- Access e.V., Intzestr. 5, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - S McFadden
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT48 7JL, UK
| | - W Sillekens
- European Space Agency, ESTEC - Research and Utilisation Group, Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration Programmes, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, Netherlands
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O'Neill AGM, Hughes CM, McClure P, Barbosa B, Muscat K, Oliveira C, Soares AL, McFadden S. Patient-reported perspectives of therapeutic radiographers when undergoing radiotherapy: A European multi-centre study. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29 Suppl 1:S32-S39. [PMID: 36889995 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is delivered almost exclusively by therapeutic radiographers/radiation therapist (RTTs). Patient's perspectives of RTTs affect levels of trust and confidence in the profession and can have a significant impact on overall radiotherapy experience. The study reports patients' perspectives of RTTs from their experience of undergoing radiotherapy. Four partner sites collaborated in this research and included Malta, Poland, Portugal, and the UK (lead site). METHODS A survey was developed to gather information from patients receiving radiotherapy or who had had radiotherapy within the previous 24 months. Participants ranked their responses to 23 statements relating to person-centred care on a 5-point scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Mann-Whitney or Kruskal Wallis tests were applied to test differences in responses to 5 key statements for patient characteristics including gender, age group, diagnosis, country, time spent with RTTs and number of fractions remaining at survey completion. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-seven surveys are included. Patients report a positive perception of RTTs (95.4% agree with 'I feel cared for'). Statistically significant differences in responses were found between gender, diagnosis, country, time spent with RTTs and fractions of radiotherapy remaining. Patients who had more time with RTTs and completed their surveys during radiotherapy had a more positive perception of RTTs. CONCLUSION This study suggests that sufficient time with RTTs is key to ensuring a positive radiotherapy patient experience. RTTs being attentive, understanding, and informative are most predictive of a positive overall patient experience. Timing of survey completion can influence responses. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE RTT education programmes should incorporate training on person-centred care at all levels. Further research into patient experience of RTTs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G M O'Neill
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - C M Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P McClure
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - B Barbosa
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) & Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - K Muscat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiography, University of Malta, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta; Radiotherapy Department, Sir Anthony Mamo Oncology Centre, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - C Oliveira
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - A L Soares
- Medical Physics Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S McFadden
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry/Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
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Flood T, O Neill A, Oliveira CM, Barbosa B, Soares AL, Muscat K, Guille S, McClure P, Hughes C, McFadden S. Patients' perspectives of the skills and competencies of therapy radiographers/radiation therapists (TRs/RTTs) in the UK, Portugal and Malta; a qualitative study from the SAFE Europe project. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29 Suppl 1:S117-S127. [PMID: 36959043 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the Therapy Radiographer/Radiation Therapist (TR/RTT) is to provide radiotherapy to patients with a cancer diagnosis. This includes, not only administration of treatment, but also management of side-effects and provision of support/care. Despite this role being consistent throughout Europe, there is currently no standardisation of education for TRs/RTTs. The SAFE EUROPE project aims to standardize TR/RTT education to enable 'safe and free exchange' of TRs/RTTs across Europe. Consequently, this study aims to explore patients' perspectives regarding the current skills and competencies of TRs/RTTs. METHODS From May 2021 to February 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients who had recently received radiotherapy in the UK, Malta and Portugal. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the NHS Research Ethics Committee with additional local approvals obtained. RESULTS Forty-eight participants from the UK (n = 18), Portugal (n = 19), and Malta (n = 11) completed interviews. Participants described high satisfaction with TRs'/RTTs' competence and skills in all three countries. The main theme arising from the analysis was the importance of trust building with TRs/RTTs. Six factors were identified as influencing levels of trust: communication; side-effect management; team consistency; relational skills; patient dignity; and competence. A small number of patients reported feeling rushed and not having their physical and emotional needs met by TRs/RTTs. CONCLUSION This multicentre study demonstrated that patients perceive TRs/RTTs in the UK, Malta and Portugal as highly competent and skilled. Practical recommendations are provided to address identified deficits in practice, which can be addressed through adaptation of TR/RTT education/training and clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Recommendations arising from this study are important to ensure that TRs/RTTs have transferable skills that provide consistently high quality care to patients throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Flood
- Lecturer in Radiotherapy and Oncology, Ulster University Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - A O Neill
- Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - C M Oliveira
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia Do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - B Barbosa
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia Do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A L Soares
- Medical Physics Service,Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - K Muscat
- University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - S Guille
- Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - P McClure
- Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - C Hughes
- School of Nursing and School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - S McFadden
- Senior Lecturer, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Oliveira C, Barbosa B, Couto JG, Bravo I, Hughes C, McFadden S, Khine R, McNair HA. Advanced practice roles amongst therapeutic radiographers/radiation therapists: A European survey. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:261-273. [PMID: 36608396 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced Practice (AP) roles in Radiotherapy (RT) over time are variable, often locally developed and not underpinned by professional standards which leads to conceptual and practical gaps. This study aimed to assess AP roles amongst Therapeutic Radiographers/Radiation Therapists (TR/RTTs) and identify educational gaps for this level across Europe. METHODS An anonymous online survey was designed, validated, and distributed across Europe. Convenience sampling was used to recruit advanced TR/RTTs practitioners or TR/RTTs working in AP roles. Descriptive analysis from closed questions and thematic analyses from open questions are reported. RESULTS A total of 272 responses were obtained, of which 189 eligible participations were from 21 European countries. 42% of respondents acknowledged additional education required to perform AP, and 25% reported a minimum of five years of RT practice to perform AP roles/tasks. There is a trend to work more on the clinical practice domain with a low percentage of working time allocated to research. Inconsistency was found in job titles, scopes of practice, and educational backgrounds across and even within countries. Education needs regarding knowledge about image-guided and adaptive RT, multimodal imaging and technologies, and advanced treatment planning were found. Training needs on leadership and management skills and clinical site-specific expertise were identified. CONCLUSION This study clearly shows a gap in education support, a need for standardisation in job titles and scopes of practice across Europe. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE As the first large-scale assessment of current AP roles and educational support amongst TR/RTTs across Europe, this study recommends the establishment of governance structure and role regulation. It also informs the curricula for master programmes to align the education with current and future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliveira
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Vigo, Circunvalación ao Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - B Barbosa
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Vigo, Circunvalación ao Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Medical Physics, Radiobiology Group and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - I Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology Group and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Centre (CI-IPOP), Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road Newtownabbey Co, Antrim, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom.
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road Newtownabbey Co, Antrim, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom.
| | - R Khine
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Health Care and Social Work, Buckinghamshire New University, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.
| | - H A McNair
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, Netherlands; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Radiotherapy and the Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom.
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Soares AL, Buttigieg SC, Couto JG, Bak B, McFadden S, Hughes C, McClure P, Rodrigues J, Bravo I. An evaluation of knowledge of circular economy among Therapeutic Radiographers/Radiation Therapists (TR/RTTs): Results of a European survey to inform curriculum design. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:274-283. [PMID: 36621178 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global warming and the increase in greenhouse gases are a current concern worldwide. The healthcare sector constitutes about 4.4% of all emissions. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of Therapeutic Radiographers/Radiation Therapists (TR/RTTs) regarding environment-related concepts to inform the development of educational curriculum. METHODS A validated self-designed survey was distributed to TR/RTTs across Europe by the SAFE EUROPE partners and via social media between October 2021 and February 2022. The survey was divided into six sections: (i) demographics, (ii) knowledge of Circular Economy (CE) and Green Skills (GS), (iii) personal attitudes, (iv) TR/RTTs attitudes, (v) the importance of CE, and (vi) education. Questions consisted of mostly Likert scales complemented with other closed- and open-ended questions. RESULTS 31%-42% of participants are aware of national and departmental policies in CE and GS concepts. Even though half of the participants considered that they advocate and practice CE, the open questions indicated that participants only focus on waste management, ignoring all the other dimensions of CE in healthcare. Personal attitudes and lifestyles also did not reflect CE. TR/RTTs considered CE practices and GS development essential. However, the suggested academic level at which these skills should be developed was split between High School (44%) and Bachelor's degree (32%). CONCLUSION It is essential to raise awareness among TR/RTTs about the various dimensions of CE applied to healthcare: "green transportation", "environment-friendly procurement", "hospital building design", "food process optimisation", "water reduction", "energy efficiency", and "waste management". IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE These GS must be developed by TR/RTTs to decrease their impact on the environment. Their training may need to be lifelong, starting during basic high school education and continuing as healthcare professionals after graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Soares
- Medical Physics Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - S C Buttigieg
- Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - B Bak
- Radiotherapy Department II, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland; Department of Electroradiology, University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland.
| | - S McFadden
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK.
| | - C Hughes
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK.
| | - P McClure
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK.
| | - J Rodrigues
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Portugal/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal.
| | - I Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Center CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Barbosa B, Oliveira C, Bravo I, Couto JG, Antunes L, McFadden S, Hughes C, McClure P, Dias AG. Assessment of educational needs and factors influencing the level of digital skills of TR/RTTs - a stakeholder perception. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Elshami W, Abuzaid MM, McConnell J, Floyd M, Hughes D, Stewart S, McFadden S. The impact of COVID-19 on the clinical experience and training of undergraduate Student radiographers internationally: The clinical tutors' perspective. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28 Suppl 1:S59-S67. [PMID: 35987883 PMCID: PMC9385275 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The impact on the clinical training and education of healthcare students by COVID-19 has been documented. However, the thoughts and experiences of clinical tutors (CTs) about radiography students attending for clinical training and education during this now elongated period beyond first recognition of the virus has not been explored. This paper will discuss data collected from CTs in the UK Devolved Nations (UKDN) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) who were compared because of their similarities in delivery based on individual ‘rules of engagement’ devised by their various health departments. Aim The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical tutors' thoughts and experiences of supervising radiography students attending clinical placement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The UK Devolved Nations (UKDN) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were selected for comparison on an international level as they are geographically distinct with a comparable population and education accredited/acknowledged by the Society and College of Radiographers (SCoR). Data was collected data from CTs across the UKDN and the UAE. The study used an online questionnaire (Google Forms) with closed questions in four themes including: students' experiences, impact on students' clinical placement, attitude of the clinical staff and the potential effects of COVID-19 on future graduates’ skills and competencies. Further data was gathered on the experience of CTs mentoring students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Data were collected from 59 CTs (81%, n = 48) from UKDN and (19%, n = 11) UAE. Twenty-seven (46%) respondents reported that COVID-19 had a negative impact on clinical practical experience. However, 32 (54%) identified that COVID-19 had no impact on student supervision/feedback or on clinical achievements. Eleven (19%) respondents thought that students should not have been on clinical placement during the pandemic but a further 51% (n = 30) were happy with the students on placement and expressed willingness to delegate work to students. Interestingly, 58% (n = 34) of CTs suggested that future graduates may need a longer preceptorship after they graduate due to receiving decreased clinical experience during the pandemic. Overall, 78% (n = 46) of respondents thought that students improved their clinical confidence by working directly with COVID-19 positive patients. Conclusion The current study has identified conflicting opinions across CTs in different clinical departments. Whilst some felt that students should not be in the hospital during the pandemic, others reported that working directly with COVID-19 patients had a positive impact on students as it improved their clinical confidence. Despite the challenges presented by COVID-19, CTs were able to provide direct clinical supervision and feedback to students on clinical placement throughout the pandemic. Nevertheless, future graduates may need a longer preceptorship period due to decreased clinical experience during the pandemic. Implications for practice Clinical placements should continue during subsequent COVID-19 waves of infection or future pandemics to ensure development of skills in resilience and adaptability. Underdeveloped skills due to a decreased range of examinations can be rectified when any wave of the infection subsides by providing tailored training based on individual student's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Elshami
- Medical Diagnostic Imaging Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M M Abuzaid
- Medical Diagnostic Imaging Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | - S McFadden
- Diagnostic Radiography and Imaging School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster Shore Road Newtownabbey Co. Antrim, BT37 OQB, UK
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13
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McFadden S, Couto G, McClure P, Hughes C, Beardmore C. The SAFE EUROPE project: What is it all about? Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28:874-875. [PMID: 35786493 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, UK.
| | - G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, UK.
| | - P McClure
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, UK.
| | - C Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, UK.
| | - C Beardmore
- European Federation of Radiographer Societies, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Barbosa B, Bravo I, Oliveira C, Antunes L, Couto JG, McFadden S, Hughes C, McClure P, Dias AG. Digital skills of therapeutic radiographers/radiation therapists - Document analysis for a European educational curriculum. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28:955-963. [PMID: 35842952 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is estimated that around 50% of cancer patients require Radiotherapy (RT) at some point during their treatment, hence Therapeutic Radiographers/Radiation Therapists (TR/RTTs) have a key role to play in patient management. It is essential for TR/RTTs to keep abreast with new technologies and continuously develop the digital skills necessary for safe RT practice. The RT profession and education is not regulated at European Union level, which leads to heterogeneity in the skills developed and practised among countries. This study aimed to explore the white and grey literature to collate data on the relevant digital skills required for TR/RTTs practice. METHODS An exhaustive systematic search was conducted to identify literature discussing digital skills of TR/RTTs; relevant grey literature was also identified. A thematic analysis was performed to identify and organise these skills into themes and sub-themes. RESULTS 195 digital skills were identified, organised in 35 sub-themes and grouped into six main themes: (i) Transversal Digital Skills, (ii) RT Planning Image, (iii) RT Treatment Planning, (iv) RT Treatment Administration, (v) Quality, Safety and Risk Management, and (vi) Management, Education and Research. CONCLUSION This list can be used as a reference to close current gaps in knowledge or skills of TR/RTTs while anticipating future needs regarding the rapid development of new technologies (such as Artificial Intelligence or Big Data). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE It is imperative to align education with current and future RT practice to ensure that all RT patients receive the best care. Filling the gaps in TR/RTTs skill sets will improve current practice and provide TR/RTTs with the support needed to develop more advanced skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barbosa
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Vigo, Circunvalación ao Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) & Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - I Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) & Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Oliveira
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Vigo, Circunvalación ao Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - L Antunes
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.
| | - S McFadden
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom.
| | - C Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom.
| | - P McClure
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown, United Kingdom.
| | - A G Dias
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) & Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Medical Physics Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Rainey C, O'Regan T, Matthew J, Skelton E, Woznitza N, Chu KY, Goodman S, McConnell J, Hughes C, Bond R, Malamateniou C, McFadden S. UK reporting radiographers' perceptions of AI in radiographic image interpretation - Current perspectives and future developments. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28:881-888. [PMID: 35780627 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiographer reporting is accepted practice in the UK. With a national shortage of radiographers and radiologists, artificial intelligence (AI) support in reporting may help minimise the backlog of unreported images. Modern AI is not well understood by human end-users. This may have ethical implications and impact human trust in these systems, due to over- and under-reliance. This study investigates the perceptions of reporting radiographers about AI, gathers information to explain how they may interact with AI in future and identifies features perceived as necessary for appropriate trust in these systems. METHODS A Qualtrics® survey was designed and piloted by a team of UK AI expert radiographers. This paper reports the third part of the survey, open to reporting radiographers only. RESULTS 86 responses were received. Respondents were confident in how an AI reached its decision (n = 53, 62%). Less than a third of respondents would be confident communicating the AI decision to stakeholders. Affirmation from AI would improve confidence (n = 49, 57%) and disagreement would make respondents seek a second opinion (n = 60, 70%). There is a moderate trust level in AI for image interpretation. System performance data and AI visual explanations would increase trust. CONCLUSIONS Responses indicate that AI will have a strong impact on reporting radiographers' decision making in the future. Respondents are confident in how an AI makes decisions but less confident explaining this to others. Trust levels could be improved with explainable AI solutions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This survey clarifies UK reporting radiographers' perceptions of AI, used for image interpretation, highlighting key issues with AI integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rainey
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, N. Ireland.
| | - T O'Regan
- The Society and College of Radiographers, 207 Providence Square, Mill Street, London, UK
| | - J Matthew
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Skelton
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - N Woznitza
- University College London Hospitals, Bloomsbury, London, UK; School of Allied & Public Health Professions, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - K-Y Chu
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radiotherapy Department, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT, Oxford, UK
| | - S Goodman
- The Society and College of Radiographers, 207 Providence Square, Mill Street, London, UK
| | | | - C Hughes
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, N. Ireland
| | - R Bond
- Ulster University, School of Computing, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, N. Ireland
| | - C Malamateniou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - S McFadden
- Ulster University, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, N. Ireland
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16
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Flood T, McFadden S, Shepherd P. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of radiography staff and managers in Northern Ireland, UK: The radiography managers’ perspective. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28 Suppl 1:S27-S34. [PMID: 35803870 PMCID: PMC9234019 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the mental health of health professionals, including radiographers. Less is known about the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of radiography managers. Radiography managers have led their teams through the pandemic, making unpopular decisions to safeguard staff and patients. This study explores radiography managers’ perceptions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of themselves and their staff. Methods Ethical approval was obtained from the NHS Research Ethics Committee (ID 287032). Eleven interviews were conducted with therapeutic and diagnostic radiography managers between March–April 2021. Written information was also included from a paediatric diagnostic radiography manager. Data was analysed independently by 2 researchers using thematic analysis. Results Three central themes emerged: 1) Factors perceived to have negatively influenced mental health, which included changing PPE guidance, restructuring of work conditions, social isolation, challenges to patient care and lack of quality vacation leave. 2) Factors perceived to have positively influenced mental health, which included witnessing staff resilience and team camaraderie. 3) Support provided for mental health. Conclusion Managers felt that they had implemented appropriate strategies to support their staff throughout the first year of the pandemic and expressed feeling responsible for the wellbeing of their staff. Strong empathy was evident towards staff and their experiences. Despite the availability of mental health support services, managers felt that resources were underutilised by radiography teams. Implications for practice Managers should be proactive in communicating their appreciation for their staff in an era where remote working can add to disconnect between staff and management. Mental health support services should be promoted and continually reviewed, to ensure that appropriate support services are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Flood
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, UK.
| | - S McFadden
- Diagnostic Imaging, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, UK
| | - P Shepherd
- Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, UK
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17
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Couto JG, McFadden S, McClure P, Bezzina P, Beardmore C, Hughes C. Competency level in radiotherapy across EU educational programmes: A cross-case study evaluating stakeholders' perceptions. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 28:180-186. [PMID: 34728137 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The education of Therapeutic Radiographers (TRs) is regulated in some countries but is not standardised across the EU, leading to differences in competencies between and within member states. This study aimed to explore stakeholders' perceptions regarding underdeveloped competencies of TRs practising on the linear accelerator, identified in a previous study by the same research team. METHODS Interviews with stakeholders from four countries (selected based on the characteristics of their degrees) were performed as part of this cross-case study. Stakeholders were asked to provide their perception regarding the least developed competencies identified in a previous study. RESULTS The 27 stakeholders confirmed that Pharmacology, Quality Assurance (QA), Management and Leadership, Research (from the previous study) were underdeveloped and identified Image Verification and Critical Thinking as additional underdeveloped competencies. Suggested causes included: lack of regulation of required competencies at the national level, lack of training dedicated to radiotherapy (RT) (taught within generic modules) and lack of time within the degree programme. The ideal academic level to develop these competencies and whether they are essential varied between country and stakeholder. CONCLUSION It is essential to regulate learning outcomes at the national level to ensure a high level of care is provided to all RT patients and, ideally, standardise it across Europe. Education institutions should review their curricula to ensure that sufficient time is dedicated to RT and that the essential competencies are developed. Due to time constraints within some programmes, some competencies must be developed after graduation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Lack of regulation of learning outcomes (at European level and national level in many countries) and lack of RT-specific training lead to underdeveloped competencies that may compromise patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, Ireland.
| | - P McClure
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, Ireland.
| | - P Bezzina
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - C Beardmore
- Society and College of Radiographers, London, UK; European Federation of Radiography Societies, Lievegem, Belgium.
| | - C Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, Ireland.
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Malamateniou C, McFadden S, McQuinlan Y, England A, Woznitza N, Goldsworthy S, Currie C, Skelton E, Chu KY, Alware N, Matthews P, Hawkesford R, Tucker R, Town W, Matthew J, Kalinka C, O'Regan T. Artificial Intelligence: Guidance for clinical imaging and therapeutic radiography professionals, a summary by the Society of Radiographers AI working group. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:1192-1202. [PMID: 34420888 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) has started to be increasingly adopted in medical imaging and radiotherapy clinical practice, however research, education and partnerships have not really caught up yet to facilitate a safe and effective transition. The aim of the document is to provide baseline guidance for radiographers working in the field of AI in education, research, clinical practice and stakeholder partnerships. The guideline is intended for use by the multi-professional clinical imaging and radiotherapy teams, including all staff, volunteers, students and learners. METHODS The format mirrored similar publications from other SCoR working groups in the past. The recommendations have been subject to a rapid period of peer, professional and patient assessment and review. Feedback was sought from a range of SoR members and advisory groups, as well as from the SoR director of professional policy, as well as from external experts. Amendments were then made in line with feedback received and a final consensus was reached. RESULTS AI is an innovative tool radiographers will need to engage with to ensure a safe and efficient clinical service in imaging and radiotherapy. Educational provisions will need to be proportionately adjusted by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to offer the necessary knowledge, skills and competences for diagnostic and therapeutic radiographers, to enable them to navigate a future where AI will be central to patient diagnosis and treatment pathways. Radiography-led research in AI should address key clinical challenges and enable radiographers co-design, implement and validate AI solutions. Partnerships are key in ensuring the contribution of radiographers is integrated into healthcare AI ecosystems for the benefit of the patients and service users. CONCLUSION Radiography is starting to work towards a future with AI-enabled healthcare. This guidance offers some recommendations for different areas of radiography practice. There is a need to update our educational curricula, rethink our research priorities, forge new strong clinical-academic-industry partnerships to optimise clinical practice. Specific recommendations in relation to clinical practice, education, research and the forging of partnerships with key stakeholders are discussed, with potential impact on policy and practice in all these domains. These recommendations aim to serve as baseline guidance for UK radiographers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners, researchers, academics and service users of clinical imaging and therapeutic radiography services. Radiography practice, education and research must gradually adjust to AI-enabled healthcare systems to ensure gains of AI technologies are maximised and challenges and risks are minimised. This guidance will need to be updated regularly given the fast-changing pace of AI development and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malamateniou
- Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK; Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College, London, UK.
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT37OQB, UK
| | - Y McQuinlan
- Mirada Medical, UK; Honorary Dosimetrist, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, UK
| | - A England
- School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - N Woznitza
- Radiology Department, University College London Hospitals, UK; School of Allied and Public Health Professions Canterbury Christ Church University, UK
| | - S Goldsworthy
- Beacon Radiotherapy, Musgrove Park Hospital, Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, TA1 5DA, UK
| | - C Currie
- Programme Lead MSc Diagnostic Imaging, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; MRI Specialist Radiographer, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Skelton
- Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK; Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College, London, UK
| | - K-Y Chu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK; Radiotherapy Department, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS FT, UK
| | - N Alware
- King George Hospital, BHRUT NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P Matthews
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Surrey & Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - R Tucker
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, UK; Radiology Department, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - W Town
- Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, UK
| | - J Matthew
- Department of Radiography, Division of Midwifery and Radiography, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - C Kalinka
- Society and College of Radiographers, UK; Programme Manager, Strategic Programme Unit, NHS Collaborative, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - T O'Regan
- The Society and College of Radiographers, 207 Providence Square, Mill Street, London, UK
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McConnell J, McFadden S, Floyd M, Elshami W, Abuzaid MM, Leishman L, Eckloff K. Late non-physiological impacts of Covid-19 on radiography education. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:987-988. [PMID: 33926790 PMCID: PMC8055157 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W Elshami
- University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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de Castro A, Martinez-Enriquez E, Perez-Merino P, Velasco-Ocaña M, Revuelta L, McFadden S, Marcos S. Crystalline lens gradient refractive index distribution in the guinea pig. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 40:308-315. [PMID: 32338776 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The crystalline lens undergoes morphological and functional changes with age and may also play a role in eye emmetropisation. Both the geometry and the gradient index of refraction (GRIN) distribution contribute to the lens optical properties. We studied the lens GRIN in the guinea pig, a common animal model to study myopia. METHODS Lenses were extracted from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) at 18 days of age (n = 4, three monolaterally treated with negative lenses and one untreated) and 39 days of age (n = 4, all untreated). Treated eyes were myopic (-2.07 D on average) and untreated eyes hyperopic (+3.3 D), as revealed using streak retinoscopy in the live and cyclopeged animals. A custom 3D spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system (λ = 840 nm, Δλ = 50 nm) was used to image the enucleated crystalline lens at two orientations. Custom algorithms were used to estimate the lens shape and GRIN was modelled with four variables that were reconstructed using the OCT data and a minimisation algorithm. Ray tracing was used to calculate the optical power and spherical aberration assuming a homogeneous refractive index or the estimated GRIN. RESULTS Guinea pig lenses exhibited nearly parabolic GRIN profiles. When comparing the two age groups (18- and 39 day-old) there was a significant increase in the central thickness (from 3.61 to 3.74 mm), and in the refractive index of the surface (from 1.362 to 1.366) and the nucleus (from 1.443 to 1.454). The presence of GRIN shifted the spherical aberration (-4.1 µm on average) of the lens towards negative values. CONCLUSIONS The guinea pig lens exhibits a GRIN profile with surface and nucleus refractive indices that increase slightly during the first days of life. GRIN plays a major role in the lens optical properties and should be incorporated into computational guinea pig eye models to study emmetropisation, myopia development and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Castro
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Enriquez
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Merino
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Velasco-Ocaña
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Revuelta
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sally McFadden
- Vision Sciences, School of Psychology and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Susana Marcos
- Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Mussmann B, Hardy M, Rajalingam R, Peters D, McFadden S, Abdi AJ. Local diagnostic reference levels for skeletal surveys in suspected physical child abuse. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:425-429. [PMID: 33876733 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose was to determine if an age based, local diagnostic reference level for paediatric skeletal surveys could be established using retrospective data. METHODS All children below two years of age referred for a primary skeletal survey as a result of suspected physical abuse during 2017 or 2018 (n = 45) were retrospectively included from a large Danish university hospital. The skeletal survey protocol included a total of 33 images. Dose Area Product (DAP) and acquisition parameters for all images were recorded from the Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS) and effective dose was estimated. The 75th percentile for DAP was considered as the diagnostic reference level (DRL). RESULTS The 75th percentile for DAP was 314 mGy∗cm2, 520 mGy∗cm2 and 779 mGy∗cm2 for children <1 month, 1-11 months and 12 < 24 months of age respectively. However, only the age group 1-11 months had a sufficient number of children (n = 27) to establish a local DRL. Thus, for the other groups the DAP result must be interpreted with caution. Effective dose was 0.19, 0.26 and 0.18 mSv for children <1, 1-11 months and 12 < 24 months of age respectively. CONCLUSION For children between 1 and 11 months of age, a local diagnostic reference level of 520 mGy∗cm2 was determined. This may be used as an initial benchmark for primary skeletal surveys as a result of suspected physical abuse for comparison and future discussion. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE While the data presented reflects the results of a single department, the suggested diagnostic reference level may be used as a benchmark for other departments when auditing skeletal survey radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mussmann
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Research and Innovation Unit, University of Southern, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.
| | - M Hardy
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, UK
| | - R Rajalingam
- Department of Radiography, University College Lillebaelt, Denmark
| | - D Peters
- Lillebaelt Hospital, Department of Radiology, Denmark
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, UK
| | - A J Abdi
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Research and Innovation Unit, University of Southern, Denmark
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Couto JG, McFadden S, McClure P, Bezzina P, Camilleri L, Hughes C. Evaluation of radiotherapy education across the EU and the impact on graduates' competencies working on the linear accelerator. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:289-303. [PMID: 32943354 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulation and education of the professionals administering radiotherapy treatments in the linear accelerator varies across the EU. However, how different programme characteristics affect the level of competency of these professionals has never been studied before. This study also aimed to assess which are the least and most developed competencies in radiotherapy across the EU. METHODS An online questionnaire was distributed to academic staff teaching radiotherapy across the EU. Staff were asked to identify the characteristics of the course programmes and to classify the level of competency of graduates regarding linear accelerator tasks. RESULTS Fifty respondents from 19 EU countries answered the questionnaire. The least developed competency theme was pharmacology followed by equipment quality assurance and management and leadership. The most developed competency was positioning and immobilisation, followed by radiotherapy treatment delivery and professional and ethical practice. Some competencies are developed at the same level across EU countries, while others vary considerably between member-states. Longer programmes, with more placements, and larger proportions of radiotherapy in the programme showed significant increase in the development of some competencies. Longer placements in skills labs was correlated with a decrease in competency. CONCLUSION There is no harmonisation of radiotherapy eduction across the EU and the differences in programme characteristics are reflected in differences in competency levels of radiotherapy radiographers. This may hinder movement of professionals and create disparities in the level of care offered across the EU. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Longer programmes, with longer clinical practice and adequate proportion of radiotherapy in the course are essential to ensure that these professionals are competent at similar levels across the EU and to ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Couto
- Radiography Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - S McFadden
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Room 14J15, Shore Road Newtownabbey Co, Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - P McClure
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Room 01B113, Shore Road Newtownabbey Co, Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - P Bezzina
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - L Camilleri
- Statistics & Operations Research, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta.
| | - C Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Room 01B118, Shore Road Newtownabbey Co, Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK.
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Couto J, McFadden S, McClure P, Bezzina P, Hughes C. Competencies of therapeutic radiographers working in the linear accelerator across Europe: A systematic search of the literature and thematic analysis. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Robinson L, McFadden S. C - 53Distinguishing TBI Malingering and Mild Fatigue Using Event-Related Potentials. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Couto J, McFadden S, Bezzina P, McClure P, Hughes C. An evaluation of the educational requirements to practise radiography in the European Union. Radiography (Lond) 2018; 24:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bowrey H, Zeng G, Tse D, Leotta A, Wu Y, To CH, Wildsoet C, McFadden S. The Effect of Spectacle Lenses Containing Peripheral Defocus on Refractive Error and Horizontal Eye Shape in the Guinea Pig. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2705-2714. [PMID: 28549092 PMCID: PMC5455170 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been proposed that the peripheral retina, responding to local optical defocus, contributes to myopia and associated altered eye growth in humans. To test this hypothesis, we measured the changes in central (on-axis) and peripheral ocular dimensions in guinea pigs wearing a concentric bifocal spectacle lens design with power restricted to the periphery. Methods Five groups of guinea pigs (n = 83) wore either a unifocal (UF) spectacle lens (−4, 0, or +4 Diopters [D]), or a peripheral defocus (PF) spectacle lens that had a plano center (diameter of 5 mm) with either −4 or +4 D in the surround (−4/0 or +4/0 D). The overall optical diameter of all lenses was 12 mm. Lenses were worn over one eye from 8 to 18 days of age for negative and plano lenses, or from 8 to 22 days of age for positive lenses. Refractive error was measured centrally and 30° off-axis in the temporal and nasal retina. The shape of the eye was analyzed from images of sectioned eyes. Results Lenses of −4 D UF induced myopia, reflecting enhanced ocular elongation, which was centered on the optic nerve head and included the surrounding peripapillary zone (PPZ, 18° in diameter). Some ocular expansion, including within the PPZ, also was recorded with −4/0 and +4/0 D PF lenses while the +4 D UF lens inhibited rather than enhanced elongation, centrally and peripherally. Conclusions Peripheral defocus-induced ocular expansion encompasses the PPZ, irrespective of the sign of the inducing defocus. Understanding the underlying mechanism potentially has important implications for designing multifocal lenses for controlling myopia in humans and also potentially for understanding the link between myopia and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bowrey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia 2Save Sight Institute and Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guang Zeng
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dennis Tse
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia 3Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Amelia Leotta
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Yi Wu
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia 3Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 4State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Ho To
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Christine Wildsoet
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Sally McFadden
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Abstract
We examined visual search performance using 52-cm liquid-crystal (LCD) and cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays. Twenty-four participants searched for color-coded navy tactical display symbols using LCD and CRT displays viewed on and off-axis (60 degrees of azimuth). Observers' sensitivity was lower when searching for red and blue symbols (vs. white) viewed off-axis on the LCD, with no comparable problem for off-axis CRT. Colored symbols viewed off-axis on the LCD also produced longer response times in feature search and lower search efficiency in conjunction search. Color coding improved search efficiency overall, relative to an earlier experiment with monochrome (white) symbols (20-80 vs. 200 ms per item). The results argue against the use of current LCD technology for off-axis viewing when color coding is used, but also suggest that LCD and CRT displays are equally effective for on-axis viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Hollands
- Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. A. Cassidy
- Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. McFadden
- Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Boothby
- Computing Devices Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zuo B, Liu Q, McFadden S, Tse DY, Chun RK, To CH. [Study of guinea pig refractive status and ocular length during the early recovery from lens-induced myopia]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 51:455-457. [PMID: 26310121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in refractive status and ocular length in guinea pigs during the early time of myopic recovery for the causes of recovery. METHODS Exp guinea pigs wore a -5.00 D lens on one eye from 4-18 days, which was then removed for 48 hours. At 18 and 20 days of age, each eye was evaluated for refractive status and ocular length of the eye. RESULTS The right eyes treated with -5 D lenses for 12 days developed (-2.00 ± 1.50) D (P = 0.04) of myopia and had an increase in axial length of (0.033 ± 0.025) mm compared to the left eyes (P = 0.04). After 48 hours of recovery, the difference between the two eyes was reduced to (-0.72 ± 0.86) D (P = 0.13), but the ocular length still had significant difference (0.031 ± 0.022) mm (P = 0.04). During the myopia recovery early period, the refractive status and ocular length changed in the same direction in the left eyes but in the opposite way in the right eyes. CONCLUSIONS Guinea pigs treated with -5.00 D lenses for 12 days developed explicit relative axial myopia. After removal of the lens for 48 hours, myopia significantly recovery can be due to the thickening of choroid and the reduction in ocular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Palmer L, Briggs C, McFadden S, Zini G, Burthem J, Rozenberg G, Proytcheva M, Machin SJ. ICSH recommendations for the standardization of nomenclature and grading of peripheral blood cell morphological features. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:287-303. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Palmer
- Haematology Laboratory; Middlemore Hospital; Auckland New Zealand
| | - C. Briggs
- University College London Hospitals; London UK
| | | | - G. Zini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - J. Burthem
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - G. Rozenberg
- SEALS Randwick; Prince of Wales Hospital; Randwick NSW Australia
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Zini G, d'Onofrio G, Briggs C, Erber W, Jou JM, Lee SH, McFadden S, Vives-Corrons JL, Yutaka N, Lesesve JF. ICSH recommendations for identification, diagnostic value, and quantitation of schistocytes. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 34:107-16. [PMID: 22081912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Schistocytes are fragments of red blood cells (RBCs) produced by extrinsic mechanical damage within the circulation. The detection of schistocytes is an important morphological clue to the diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathic anemia (TMA). Reporting criteria between different laboratories, however, are not uniform, owing to variability of shape and nature of fragments, as well as subjectivity and heterogeneity in their morphological assessment. Lack of standardization may lead to inconsistency or misdiagnosis, thereby affecting treatment and clinical outcome. The Schistocyte Working Group of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) has prepared specific recommendations to standardize schistocyte identification, enumeration, and reporting. They deal with the type of smear, method of counting, morphological description based on positive criteria (helmet cells, small, irregular triangular, or crescent-shaped cells, pointed projections, and lack of central pallor). A schistocyte count has a definite clinical value for the diagnosis of TMA in the absence of additional severe red cell shape abnormalities, with a confident threshold value of 1%. Automated counting of RBC fragments is also recommended by the ICSH Working Group as a useful complement to the microscope, according to the high predictive value of negative results, but worthy of further research and with limits in quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zini
- Research Center for Automated Methods in Hematology (ReCAMH), Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Chiu JC, Shi X, Karmali S, Birch DW, Apriasz I, Alkhamesi NA, Lal A, Schlachta CM, Christou NV, Elkassem S, Lindsay D, Smith L, Sullivan P, Sockalingam S, Hawa R, Wnuk S, Jackson T, Okrainec A, Fayez R, Christou NV, Court O, Mueller C, Okrainec A, Sockalingham S, Jackson T, Mueller C, Swanson T, Daigle C, Okrainec A, Pitzul K, Penner T, Urbach DR, Jackson T, Sandhu L, Maciver A, McCall M, Edgar R, Thiesen A, Bigam D, Churchill T, Shapiro AMJ, Luu S, Regehr G, Murnaghan ML, Gallinger S, Moulton CA, Palter V, Grantcharov T, Dath D, Hoogenes J, Matsumoto E, Szalay D, Fox A, Pitzul K, Bhojani F, Kaplan M, Wei A, McGilvray I, Cleary SP, Okrainec A, Alqahtani A, Parsyan A, Payne R, Tabah R, Anantha R, Vogt K, Crawford S, Parry N, Leslie K, Ochs A, Matthew K, Khadaroo R, Churchill T, Lavoie JM, Zalai C, Vasilevsky CA, Booy J, Takata J, Tomlinson G, Urbach DR, Lim D, Tomlinson C, LaBossiere J, Rommens K, Birch DW, Brenneman F, MacLellan S, Simpson J, Asai K, Elgadi K, Ali S, Sawyer J, Helewa R, Turner D, Wirtzfeld D, Park J, Czaykowski P, Mak G, Hochman D, McKay A, Gill R, Al-Adra D, Shi X, Sample C, Armstrong J, Lester L, Vogt K, Brackstone M, Lee L, Kaneva P, Liberman S, Charlebois P, Stein B, Fried G, Feldman L, Kanji A, Sharon E, Asai K, Jacks L, McCready D, Ghazarian D, Leong WL, Wu R, Okrainec A, Penner T, Ball C, Kirkpatrick A, Vasquez A, Balakrishnan L, Miller G, Awan S, Azadeh NR, Hoogenes J, Dath D, Jain V, Busato GM, Cristea O, Landau J, Moreland R, Johnson M, Ramage D, Browning D, Ullah S, Cristea O, Bodrogi A, Johnson M, McAlister V, Palisoc J, Anderson J, Kiladze R, Ciar J, Bancel I, Pitzul K, Leake PA, Okrainec A, Dalvi A, McLean R, Stephen W, Loeb M, Smith R, Christoffersen E, Forbes S, Kidane B, Vogt K, Vinden C, Ahmadi N, Dubois L, McKenzie M, Baxter N, Brown C, Chaudhury P, Dixon E, Fitzgerald W, Henteleff H, Kirkpatrick A, Latosinsky S, MacLean A, McLeod R, Pearsall E, Aarts MA, Meghji Z, McLeod R, Okrainec A, Tran T, Kaneva P, Fried G, Mayo N, Feldman L, Newman D, Bergman S, Cummings BA, Delisle M, Whitehead V, Chertkow H, Chan T, Cicero M, Perampaladas K, Bandukwala T, Struble J, Moser M, Young P, Groeneveld A, Chan P, Smith S, Khadaroo R, Buczkowski A, Hameed M, Tan-Tam C, Meneghetti A, Simons R, Panton N, Elnahas A, Ghaderi I, Madani A, de Gara C, Schlachta CM, Kalechstein S, Pitzul K, Henao O, Okrainec A, Paskar D, Croome K, Hernandez R, Knapp G, Howatt N, Foster S, Cameron B, Austin J, Mack L, Temple W, Puloski S, Schachar N, Gill T, Doris P, Tecson A, Kolozsvari N, Andalib A, Kaneva P, Cao J, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Kolozsvari N, Kaneva P, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Kolozsvari N, Kaneva P, Brace C, Chartrand G, Vaillancourt M, Cao J, Banaszek D, Vassiliou M, Fried G, Feldman L, Fraser S, Bergman S, Deobald R, Chad J, Di Gregorio C, Johnstone J, Kenyon C, Lees M, Auger-Dufour E, Fried G, Feldman L, Ferri L, Vassiliou M, Alqahtani A, Perlman R, Holcroft C, Gordon PH, Szilagyi A, Iradukunda D, Moser MAJ, Rodych N, Shaw JM, Ahmed N, Chiu M, Kurabi B, Qureshi A, Nathens A, Conn LG, Pandya A, Kitto S, Ma G, Pooni A, Forbes S, Eskicioglu C, Pearsall E, Brenneman F, McLeod R, Rockx MA, McAlister V, Roberts D, Ouellet J, Kirkpatrick A, Lall R, Sutherland F, Ball C, Chackungal S, Knowlton LM, Dahn B, McQueen K, Morrison JA, Lent B, Brown J, Fluit M, Herbert C, Deen S, Deutschmann M, McFadden S, Gelfand G, Bosch D, Grimmer L, Milman S, Ng T, Gill R, Perry T, Abele J, Bedard E, Schiller D, Coughlin S, Stewart TC, Parry N, Gray D, Williamson J, Malthaner R, Bottoni D, Perri M, Trejos AL, Naish M, Patel R, Malthaner R, Ashrafi A, Bond J, Ong S, Yamashita M, Ahmadi S, Abdulmosen M, Miller J, Finley C, Ostrander K, Shargall Y, Lee L, Hanley S, Robineau C, Sirois C, Mulder D, Ferri L, Humphrey R, Inculet R, Fortin D, Arab A, Malthaner R, Ashrafi A, Bond J, Ong S, Yamashita M, Ahmadi S, McGuire A, Reid K, Petsikas D, Hopman W, Basi A, Basi S, Irshad K, Hanna W, Croome KP, Marotta P, McAlister V, Quan D, Wall W, Hernandez-Alejandro R, de Mestral C, Zagorski B, Rotstein O, Gomez D, Haas B, Laupacis A, Sharma S, Bridge J, Nathens A, Bhojani F, Fox A, Pitzul K, Moulton CA, Wei A, Okrainec A, Cleary S, Bertens K, Croome KP, Mujoomdar A, Peck D, Rankin R, Quan D, Kakani N, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Suri R, Marcaccio M, Ruo L, Jamal M, Khalil JA, Simoneau-Beaudry E, Dumitra S, Edwards M, Yousef Y, Jiffry MA, Metrakos P, Tchervenkov J, Doi S, Barkun J, Obayan A, Meiers S, Keith R, Elkassem S, Church N, Mitchell P, Turbide C, Dixon E, Debru E, Shum J, Wall WJ, Maniar R, Hochman D, Wirtzfeld D, Yaffe C, Yip B, McKay A, Silverman R, Park J, Francescutti V, Rivera L, Kane JM, Skitzki JJ, Lovrics P, Hodgson N, O'Brien MA, Thabane L, Cornacchi S, Heller B, Reid S, Sanders K, Kittmer T, Simunovic M, Duhaime S, Fong B, Deria M, Acton C, El-Maadawy M, Lad S, Arnaout A, Omole M, Pemberton J, Lovrics P, Bischof D, Stotland P, Hagen J, Swallow C, Klein L, Van Koughnett JA, Ahmad T, Ainsworth P, Brackstone M, Kanagaratnam S, Groot G, VanderBeek L, Francescutti V, Farrokhyar F, Strang B, Kahnamoui K, MacLellan S, MacKay H, Ringash J, Jacks L, Kassam Z, Khalili I, Conrad T, Okrainec A, Chagpar R, Xing Y, You N, Yi-Ju C, Feig B, Chang G, Cormie J, Gervais MK, Sideris L, Drolet P, Mitchell A, Leblanc G, Dubé P, Merchant S, Knowling M, Cheifetz R, Raval M, Heidary B, Kalikias S, Raval D, Phang T, Brown C, Scheer A, O'Connor A, Chan B, Moloo H, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Auer R, Boushey R, Hardy K, Vergis A, Sullivan P, Musselman R, Gomes T, Chan B, Auer R, Moloo H, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Al-Khayal K, Al-Omran M, Mamdani M, AlObeed O, Boushey R, Martel G, Crawford A, Barkun J, Ramsay C, Fergusson D, Boushey R, Williams L, Crawford A, McLaughlin K, Mackey M, Moloo H, Mamazza J, Poulin E, Friedlich M, Boushey R, Auer R, Bellolio F, Cohen Z, MacRae H, O'Connor B, Huang H, Victor JC, McLeod R, Hardy K, Pitzul K, Kwong J, Vergis A, Urbach D, Okrainec A, Vogt K, Dubois L, Vinden C, Chan B, Scheer A, Menezes A, Moloo H, Poulin E, Boushey R, Mamazza J, Bellolio F, MacRae H, Cohen Z, O'Connor B, Huang H, McLeod R, Godbout-Simard C, Azar J, Psaradellis F, Sampalis J, Morin N, Brown C, Kalikias S, Heidary B, Raval D, Phang PT, Raval M, Archibald A, Hurlbut D, Vanner S, Zalai C, Vasilevsky CA, Simunovic M, Cadeddu M, Forbes S, Kelly S, Stephen W, Grubac V, Marcinow M, Coates A, Aslani N, Phang PT, Raval M, Brown C, Scheer A, Carrier M, Boushey R, Asmis T, Wells P, Jonker D, Auer R, Azer N, Gill R, de Gara C, Birch DW, Karmali S, Roxin G, Drolet S, MacLean A, Buie WD, Heine J, Agzarian J, Forbes S, Stephen W, Kelly S, Churchill P, Corner T, Kelly S, Forbes S, Lindsay L, Stephen W, Scheer A, O'Connor A, Chan B, Moloo H, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Auer R, Boushey R, Denis J, Hochman D, Recsky M, Phang PT, Raval M, Cheung W, Brown C, Alkhamesi N, Schlachta CM, Tiwari T, Brown C, Raval MJ, Phang PT. Canadian Surgery Forum: Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons, Canadian Association of General Surgeons, Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons, Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Society, Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology, Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, London, Ont. Sept. 15-18, 2011. Can J Surg 2011; 54:S57-S104. [PMID: 35488394 PMCID: PMC3191910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J C Chiu
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - X Shi
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmali
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - I Apriasz
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - N A Alkhamesi
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - A Lal
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | | | - S Elkassem
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Lindsay
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Smith
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Sullivan
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Sockalingam
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Hawa
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Wnuk
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Jackson
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Fayez
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - N V Christou
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - O Court
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Mueller
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Sockalingham
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Jackson
- From the Division of General Surgery and Division of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Mueller
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Swanson
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Daigle
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Penner
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Jackson
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Sandhu
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Maciver
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M McCall
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Edgar
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Thiesen
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Bigam
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Churchill
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - S Luu
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Regehr
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M L Murnaghan
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Gallinger
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C-A Moulton
- From the Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., and the Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - V Palter
- From St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Grantcharov
- From St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Dath
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - D Szalay
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Fox
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Bhojani
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Kaplan
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Wei
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - I McGilvray
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S P Cleary
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - A Parsyan
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Payne
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Tabah
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Anantha
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Crawford
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Parry
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Leslie
- From the Division of General Surgery, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Ochs
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Matthew
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Khadaroo
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Churchill
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - C Zalai
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - J Booy
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Takata
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Tomlinson
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Lim
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Tomlinson
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J LaBossiere
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Rommens
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - F Brenneman
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S MacLellan
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Simpson
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Asai
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Elgadi
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Ali
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Sawyer
- From Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Helewa
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Turner
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - J Park
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - P Czaykowski
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - G Mak
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A McKay
- From the University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - R Gill
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Al-Adra
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - X Shi
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Sample
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Armstrong
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Lester
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Brackstone
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Lee
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Liberman
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Charlebois
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B Stein
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A Kanji
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Sharon
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Asai
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Jacks
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D McCready
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Ghazarian
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - W-L Leong
- From the University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Wu
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Penner
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Ball
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - A Vasquez
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | | | - G Miller
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - S Awan
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | | | | | - D Dath
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - V Jain
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G-M Busato
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - O Cristea
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - J Landau
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - R Moreland
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - M Johnson
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - D Ramage
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - D Browning
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - S Ullah
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - O Cristea
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Bodrogi
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Johnson
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service and University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Palisoc
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Anderson
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Kiladze
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Ciar
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Bancel
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P-A Leake
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Dalvi
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - R McLean
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Loeb
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Smith
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - E Christoffersen
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Kidane
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Vinden
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Ahmadi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - L Dubois
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M McKenzie
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - N Baxter
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - C Brown
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P Chaudhury
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Dixon
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - W Fitzgerald
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - H Henteleff
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Kirkpatrick
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S Latosinsky
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A MacLean
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, NL, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M-A Aarts
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Meghji
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Tran
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N Mayo
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - D Newman
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - B-A Cummings
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - M Delisle
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - V Whitehead
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - H Chertkow
- From McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - T Chan
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cicero
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - J Struble
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M Moser
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - P Young
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - P Chan
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Smith
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Khadaroo
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Buczkowski
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Hameed
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Tan-Tam
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Meneghetti
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Simons
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - N Panton
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Elnahas
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - I Ghaderi
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Madani
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C de Gara
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Kalechstein
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - K Pitzul
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - O Henao
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - A Okrainec
- From McMaster University, Hamilton University Health Network, Hamilton, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion, Medellin, Colombia
| | - D Paskar
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Croome
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Hernandez
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G Knapp
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - N Howatt
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - S Foster
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - B Cameron
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and Centro Evangelico de Medicina (CEML) Hospital, Lubango, Angola
| | - J Austin
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - L Mack
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - W Temple
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Puloski
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - N Schachar
- From the Foothills Medical Centre and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - T Gill
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, New Westminster and Surrey, BC
| | - P Doris
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, New Westminster and Surrey, BC
| | - A Tecson
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, New Westminster and Surrey, BC
| | - N Kolozsvari
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - A Andalib
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - J Cao
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - G Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - L Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - N Kolozsvari
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N Kolozsvari
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - C Brace
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - G Chartrand
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - M Vaillancourt
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - J Cao
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - D Banaszek
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - G Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - L Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
| | - S Fraser
- From the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - R Deobald
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - J Chad
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - C Di Gregorio
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - J Johnstone
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - C Kenyon
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M Lees
- From the Department of General Surgery and West Winds Primary Health Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - E Auger-Dufour
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Fried
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Feldman
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Ferri
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Vassiliou
- From the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A Alqahtani
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - R Perlman
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - C Holcroft
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - P H Gordon
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - A Szilagyi
- From the Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University School of Medicine, Montréal, Que
| | - D Iradukunda
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M A J Moser
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - N Rodych
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - J M Shaw
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - N Ahmed
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Chiu
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Kurabi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Qureshi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Nathens
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - A Pandya
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Kitto
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Ma
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Pooni
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | | | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Brenneman
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M A Rockx
- From the Alberta Medical Association Locum Services and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the Alberta Medical Association Locum Services and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Roberts
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Ouellet
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - R Lall
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - C Ball
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Chackungal
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - L M Knowlton
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - B Dahn
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - K McQueen
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Ministry of Health Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia, and Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Mass
| | - J A Morrison
- From the Chatham Kent Health Alliance, Chatham, Ont
| | - B Lent
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Brown
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Fluit
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Herbert
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Deen
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | | | - S McFadden
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Bosch
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - L Grimmer
- From the Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - S Milman
- From the Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - T Ng
- From the Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - R Gill
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Perry
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Abele
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E Bedard
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Schiller
- From the University of Alberta, the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Coughlin
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - T Charyk Stewart
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - N Parry
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Gray
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - J Williamson
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R Malthaner
- From the University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Bottoni
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - M Perri
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - A L Trejos
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - M Naish
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - R Patel
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - R Malthaner
- From the London Health Sciences Centre and CSTAR, London, Ont
| | - A Ashrafi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - J Bond
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ong
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - M Yamashita
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ahmadi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | | | - J Miller
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Finley
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | | | - L Lee
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Hanley
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Robineau
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Sirois
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Mulder
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L Ferri
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - R Humphrey
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - R Inculet
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - D Fortin
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - A Arab
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - R Malthaner
- From the University of Western Ontario, Woodstock, and London, Ont
| | - A Ashrafi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - J Bond
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ong
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - M Yamashita
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Ahmadi
- From the Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - A McGuire
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - K Reid
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - D Petsikas
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - W Hopman
- From Queen's University, Ottawa and Kingston, Ont
| | - A Basi
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, and the William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont
| | - S Basi
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, and the William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont
| | - K Irshad
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, and the William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont
| | - W Hanna
- From the Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - K P Croome
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - P Marotta
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Quan
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W Wall
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | | | - C de Mestral
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Zagorski
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - O Rotstein
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Gomez
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Haas
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Laupacis
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Sharma
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Bridge
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Nathens
- From the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Bhojani
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Fox
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C-A Moulton
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Wei
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Cleary
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Bertens
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K P Croome
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Mujoomdar
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Peck
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Rankin
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Quan
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Kakani
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | | | - R Suri
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - L Ruo
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Jamal
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Abou Khalil
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Simoneau-Beaudry
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Dumitra
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Edwards
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Yousef
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Al Jiffry
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Metrakos
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Tchervenkov
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Doi
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Barkun
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que., and University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Obayan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., and the Regina General Hospital, Regina, Sask
| | - S Meiers
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., and the Regina General Hospital, Regina, Sask
| | - R Keith
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., and the Regina General Hospital, Regina, Sask
| | - S Elkassem
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - N Church
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - P Mitchell
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Turbide
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Dixon
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Debru
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Shum
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W J Wall
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Maniar
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - C Yaffe
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - B Yip
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A McKay
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - R Silverman
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - J Park
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - V Francescutti
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - L Rivera
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - J M Kane
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - J J Skitzki
- From the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | - P Lovrics
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N Hodgson
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - L Thabane
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - B Heller
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Reid
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Sanders
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - T Kittmer
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - S Duhaime
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Fong
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Deria
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Acton
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M El-Maadawy
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Lad
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Arnaout
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Omole
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - P Lovrics
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Bischof
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Stotland
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Hagen
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Swallow
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Klein
- From North York General Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Humber River Regional Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A Van Koughnett
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | - T Ahmad
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | - P Ainsworth
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | - M Brackstone
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, and the London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont
| | | | - G Groot
- From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | | | | | | | - B Strang
- From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - S MacLellan
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - H MacKay
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Ringash
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Jacks
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Kassam
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Khalili
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Conrad
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Chagpar
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Y Xing
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - N You
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - C Yi-Ju
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - B Feig
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - G Chang
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - J Cormie
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - M-K Gervais
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - L Sideris
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - P Drolet
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - A Mitchell
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - G Leblanc
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - P Dubé
- From Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que
| | - S Merchant
- From the University of British Columbia, General Surgery, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Knowling
- From the University of British Columbia, General Surgery, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Cheifetz
- From the University of British Columbia, General Surgery, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Heidary
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Kalikias
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Scheer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A O'Connor
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Chan
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - K Hardy
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Vergis
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Sullivan
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Musselman
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Gomes
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Chan
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Auer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Poulin
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Al-Khayal
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Omran
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mamdani
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - O AlObeed
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ont., and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Martel
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - A Crawford
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - J Barkun
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - C Ramsay
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - D Fergusson
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - R Boushey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Great Britain
| | - L Williams
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Crawford
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - M Mackey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - R Boushey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Bellolio
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Cohen
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H MacRae
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B O'Connor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Hardy
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - J Kwong
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Vergis
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Urbach
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the University of Toronto, Toronto, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Vogt
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - L Dubois
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - C Vinden
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - B Chan
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Menezes
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Bellolio
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H MacRae
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Cohen
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B O'Connor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Godbout-Simard
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - J Azar
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - F Psaradellis
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - J Sampalis
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - N Morin
- From the McGill Medical School, JSS Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Kalikias
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Heidary
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Archibald
- From the Department of Pathology and the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Hurlbut
- From the Department of Pathology and the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - S Vanner
- From the Department of Pathology and the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - C Zalai
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - M Simunovic
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cadeddu
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Kelly
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - V Grubac
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Marcinow
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Coates
- From the Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N Aslani
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Scheer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Carrier
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - T Asmis
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - P Wells
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Jonker
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - N Azer
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Gill
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C de Gara
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmali
- From the University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - G Roxin
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Drolet
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A MacLean
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - W D Buie
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Heine
- From the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Agzarian
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - S Forbes
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - W Stephen
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - S Kelly
- From McMaster University Hamilton, Ont., and the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - P Churchill
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - T Corner
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Kelly
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Lindsay
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A O'Connor
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Chan
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Denis
- From the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - M Recsky
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - W Cheung
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, and the BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - N Alkhamesi
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London, Ont
| | - T Tiwari
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - M J Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
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Jou JM, Lewis SM, Briggs C, Lee SH, De La Salle B, McFadden S. ICSH review of the measurement of the erythocyte sedimentation rate. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 33:125-32. [PMID: 21352508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recognition of the need for a standardization of the measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the International Council for Standardization in Haematology makes the following recommendations: (i) The reference method for measurement of the ESR should be based on the Westergren method, which is a specific test for the ESR, with modifications, (ii) The reference method for measurement of the ESR should use either whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA and later diluted with sodium citrate or saline (4 : 1) or whole blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate (4 : 1) in Westergren pipettes, (iii) The ESR pipettes can be of glass or plastic (with specific characteristics). It must be colourless; a minimum sedimentation scale of 200 mm, a minimum bore of 2.55 mm, which should be constant within 5%. A protocol for the evaluation of alternative methodologies against the reference method is outlined: The new technologies must be tested over a range of ESR values of 2-120 mm. In this comparison, 95% of the differences should be 5 mm or less, with larger differences associated with higher ESR values. A minimum of 40 samples should be tested in 3 different groups of values: 1-20, 21-60 and more than 60 mm. The statistical methods recommended for ESR evaluations are the coefficient of correlation, the Passing-Bablock regression and the Bland-Altman statistical method. This reference method replaces all earlier standardized and reference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jou
- Haemotherapy and Haemostais Service, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wallman J, Khan A, Yun R, McFadden S. The spatial scale of attention affects adaptation of saccadic gain. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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D'Helft C, McGee A, Rainford L, McFadden S, Winder J, Hughes C, Brennan PC. Proposed preliminary diagnostic reference levels for three common interventional cardiology procedures in Ireland. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 129:63-66. [PMID: 18420567 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study has gathered data across Ireland to determine the range of radiation doses received during interventional cardiology (IC) investigations. Radiation doses for three common types of IC examinations where investigated: coronary angiography (CA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and pacemaker insertions (PPI). A total of 22 cardiac imaging suites participated in the study. Radiation dose was monitored for 1804 adult patients using dose area product (DAP) meters. Individual patient DAP values ranged from 136-23,101 cGy cm2, 475-41,038 cGy cm2 and 45-17,192 cGy cm2 for CA, PCI and PPI respectively, with third quartile values of 4654 cGy cm2, 10,650 cGy cm2 and 1686 cGy cm2. The importance of optimising radiation dose, while not compromising diagnostic efficacy is clear. Although setting reference levels for these complex procedures has some difficulties, it is important that some guideline values are available as a benchmark to guide the operators during these potentially high dose procedures. The third quartile values as described by this paper may offer such guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Helft
- Diagnostic Imaging, Health Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, UK.
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Karmali S, McFadden S, Mitchell P, Graham A, Debru E, Gelfand G, Graham J, Martin S, Tiruta C, Grondin S. Primary laparoscopic and open repair of paraesophageal hernias: a comparison of short-term outcomes. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:63-8. [PMID: 18197941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The choice of the optimal surgical approach for repairing paraesophaeal hernias (PEH) is debated. Our objective is to evaluate the short-term outcomes of primary laparoscopic and open repairs of PEH performed in the Calgary Health Region. A retrospective review of all patients undergoing repair of PEH between October 1999 and February 2005 was performed. The outcome measures evaluated included intra-operative parameters and post-operative variables, mortality rates, recurrence rates and patient satisfaction. A total of 93 patients underwent either a laparoscopic (n = 46) or open (n = 47) primary PEH repair. The laparoscopic approach was associated with a longer mean operative time (3.1 +/- 1.2 hours vs. 2.5 +/- 0.7 hours, P = 0.005) but resulted in a shorter overall hospital stay (5 days [2-16 days]vs. 10 days [5-24 days]; P < 0.001), and fewer post-operative complications (10/46 [22%]vs. 25/47 [53%]P = 0.002). Although the follow-up was short (laparoscopic 16 months; open 18 months), a 9% recurrence rate was reported with both approaches. Patient satisfaction using the Gastroesophageal Disease Health-Related Quality Of Life questionnaire was similar in both groups (P = 0.861) with most patients reporting excellent outcomes (laparoscopic: 32/36 [89%]; open 27/35 [77%]). Our review suggests that the laparoscopic approach is safe with shorter hospital stay and recovery. Although early follow-up suggests that recurrence rates and patient satisfaction are similar, long-term follow-up is required to determine whether the laparoscopic approach will become the procedure of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karmali
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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36
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Wright P, Eliasziw M, Gelfand G, Grondin S, McFadden S, Morris D, Balogh A. 6555 POSTER Treatment of thymomas and thymic carcinomas: a retrospective review of treatment outcomes at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre from 1982 to 2004. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Devon KM, Vergara O, Victor JC, Swallow CJ, Cohen Z, Gryfe R, MacRae HM, McLeod RS, Murata A, Phang PT, Jones K, Merritt N, Belliveau P, Hurlbut D, Scheer A, Sabri E, Moloo H, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey R, Brown CJ, Zhang H, Gallinger S, Gryfe R, McLeod RS, Walters TD, Steinhart AH, Bernstein C, Tremaine W, Wolff BG, Ross S, Parkes R, McKenzie M, McLeod RS, Richardson D, deMontbrun S, McIntyre PB, Johnson PM, Shum J, Colquhoun PHD, Taylor BM, Polyhronopoulos GN, Feldman LS, McCluney AL, Buithieu J, Martinie J, Metrakos P, Fried GM, Chiasson PM, Burpee SE, Corrigan R, Manson P, Omiccioli A, Singh R, Hegge SG, McKinley CA, Lemieux P, Rhéaume P, Lévesque I, Bujold E, Brochu G, Mrad BA, Stoklossa CJ, Birch DW, Chen J, Christou NV, Turcotte S, Forget MA, Beauseigle D, Lapointe R, Garzon PM, Shah SA, Wei AC, Girgrah N, Levy GA, Wong P, Lilly LB, Grant DR, Cattral MS, McGilvary I, Greig PD, Tawadros PS, Wang Z, Birch S, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein OD, Mihailovic A, Nansamba C, Coyte P, Howar A, Urbach D, Govindarajan A, Cranford V, Wirtzfeld D, Gallinger S, Law CHL, Smith AJ, Gagliardi AR, Haggar F, Moloo H, Grimshaw J, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, McConnell Y, Johnson P, Porter G, Govindarajan A, Kiss A, Rabeneck L, Smith AJ, Hodgson D, Law CHL, White C, Taylor MC, Borowiec AM, Fedorak RN, Polyhronopoulos GN, Feldman LS, Kaneva PA, Fried GM, Keshoofy M, Gutauskas A, Smith RF, Christou NV, Al-Sabah S, Ladouceur M, Christou NV, Thompson SK, Ruszkiewicz AR, Jamieson GG, Wijnhoven BPL, Game PA, Devitt PG, Watson DI, Poole B, Ehlen TG, Davis NL, Tuma F, Smith T, Hamoud M, Elfeitori A, Boushey R, Poulin E, Mamazza J, MacKenzie JR, Teel W, Reinhartz A, Schieman J, Brophy J, Hsu KE, Ferri LE, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Hsu KE, Man FY, Gizicki RA, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Taylor MC, Bruce S, Burtally A, Brochu G, Gagné JP, Martel G, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Deen S, Griffith O, Masoudi H, Wiseman SM, Cox H, Pasieka JL, Parr ZE, Thompson SK, Jamieson GG, Myers JC, Game PA, Devitt PG, Bélanger M, Brochu G, Moloo H, Haggar F, Grimshaw J, Coyle D, Graham ID, Sabri E, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Balaa F, Stern H, Boushey RP, Moloo H, Sabri E, Wassif E, Haggar F, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Reso A, Estifanos D, Church N, Mitchell P, O'Neill C, Colquhoun P, Schlachta CM, Etemad-Rezai R, Jayaraman S, Passi R, Hodder AS, Pace DE, Chuah TK, Wirtzfeld D, Lee TYY, Pollett W, Trottier D, May G, Moloo H, Haggar F, Boushey R, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Singh R, Boutross-Tadross O, Deif B, Elias R, Stephen WJ, Omiccioli A, Singh R, Hegge SG, McKinley CA, Singh R, Omiccioli A, Hegge SG, McKinley CA, Sampath S, Segal BE, Carter JJ, Nguyen NH, Frimer M, Houston G, Bloom SW, Lemieux P, Couture C, Simard S, Lebel S, El Fitori A, Sabri E, Wassif E, Mamazza J, Poulin E, Boushey R, Warnock GL, Waddell J, Proctor G, Krajewski SA, Brown JA, Phang PT, Raval MJ, Brown CJ, Simunovic M, Major D, Qui F, To T, Baxter N, Urbach D, McGuire A, George R, Berg R, George R, Hristov H, McAlister ED, George R, Jones K, Bardell A, Isotalo P, Stotland PK, Chia S, Cyriac JS, Hagen JA, Klein LV, Hodgson N, Holowaty E, Lee G, Sussman J, Whelan T, Simunovic M, Apriasz I, Mohan S, Mccreery G, Patel R, Schlachta CM, Schlachta CM, Sorsdahl AK, Lefebvre KL, McCune ML, Hebbard PC, Wirtzfeld DA, Huynh QHP, Klein LV, Hagen JA, Xeroulis G, Dubrowski A, Leslie K, Mihailovic A, Howard A, Willan A, Coyte P, Urbach D, Sawisky G, Stoklossa CJ, Birch DW, Dickie BH, Stoklossa CJ, Davey D, Birch DW, Bohacek L, Pace DE, Karanicolas PJ, Colquhoun PH, Dahlke E, Guyatt GH, Butler MS, de Gara CJ, Boutros M, Zabalotny B, Charlin B, Meterissian S, Finley C, Clifton J, Fitzgerald M, Yee J, Quadri S, Knox J, Wong R, Xu W, Hornby J, Keshavjee S, Darling G, Schieman C, Tiruta C, Blitz M, Graham A, Gelfand G, McFadden S, Grondin S, de Perrot M, Anraku M, Feld R, Bezjak A, Burkes R, Roberts H, Cho J, Visbal A, Leighl N, Keshavjee S, Johnston M, Villeneuve PJ, Sundaresan RS, Gray DA, Rakovich G, Brigand C, Gaboury L, Martin J, Ferraro P, Duranceau A, Low D, Huang J, Cantone N, Schembre D, Mohan S, Trejos AL, Bassan H, Lin AW, Patel RV, Malthaner RA, Blitz M, Graham AJ, Gelfand G, McFadden SD, Grondin SC, Kondra J, Clifton J, Suarez G, Ross B, Evans K, Finley RJ, Yee J, Sugimura H, Spratt EH, Compeau CG, Shargall Y, Lara-Guerra H, Leighl N, Salvarrey A, Sakurada A, Paul N, Boerner S, Geddie W, Pond G, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Waddell TK. Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons: Canadian Surgery Forum, Toronto, Ont., September 6-9, 2007. Can J Surg 2007; 50:1-32. [PMID: 37353894 PMCID: PMC10390043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Devon
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - O Vergara
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C J Swallow
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Cohen
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Gryfe
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H M MacRae
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Murata
- Division of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- Division of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Jones
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - N Merritt
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P Belliveau
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Hurlbut
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C J Brown
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Zhang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Gryfe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T D Walters
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A H Steinhart
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Bernstein
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Tremaine
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - B G Wolff
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Ross
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Parkes
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - M McKenzie
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S deMontbrun
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P B McIntyre
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P M Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - J Shum
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - P H D Colquhoun
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - B M Taylor
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G N Polyhronopoulos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A L McCluney
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Buithieu
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Martinie
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Metrakos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P M Chiasson
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - S E Burpee
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - R Corrigan
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - P Manson
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - A Omiccioli
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - R Singh
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S G Hegge
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - C A McKinley
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - P Lemieux
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - P Rhéaume
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - I Lévesque
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - E Bujold
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - G Brochu
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - B A Mrad
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Johnson Stoklossa
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Chen
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N V Christou
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Turcotte
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - M-A Forget
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - D Beauseigle
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - R Lapointe
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - P M Garzon
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S A Shah
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Girgrah
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G A Levy
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Wong
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L B Lilly
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Grant
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M S Cattral
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - I McGilvary
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P D Greig
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P S Tawadros
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Wang
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Birch
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Szaszi
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Kapus
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - O D Rotstein
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Mihailovic
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C Nansamba
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Coyte
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Howar
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - D Urbach
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Govindarajan
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - V Cranford
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - S Gallinger
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - C H L Law
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - A J Smith
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - A R Gagliardi
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - F Haggar
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Grimshaw
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Y McConnell
- Division of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P Johnson
- Division of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- Division of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Govindarajan
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Kiss
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Rabeneck
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Hodgson
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C H L Law
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C White
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - M C Taylor
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A M Borowiec
- Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R N Fedorak
- Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - G N Polyhronopoulos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Keshoofy
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Gutauskas
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - N V Christou
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Al-Sabah
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Ladouceur
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - N V Christou
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S K Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A R Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G G Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P A Game
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P G Devitt
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D I Watson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B Poole
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - T G Ehlen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - N L Davis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - F Tuma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, St. Clare's Mercy Hospital, St. John's, Nfld
| | - T Smith
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, St. Clare's Mercy Hospital, St. John's, Nfld
| | - M Hamoud
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Elfeitori
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J R MacKenzie
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - W Teel
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - A Reinhartz
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - J Schieman
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - J Brophy
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - K E Hsu
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - K E Hsu
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - F Y Man
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R A Gizicki
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M C Taylor
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - S Bruce
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A Burtally
- Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - G Brochu
- Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - J P Gagné
- Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - G Martel
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Deen
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - O Griffith
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Masoudi
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S M Wiseman
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Cox
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J L Pasieka
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Z E Parr
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S K Thompson
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G G Jamieson
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J C Myers
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P A Game
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P G Devitt
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Bélanger
- Service de chirurgie générale, CHUL-CHUQ, Québec, Que
| | - G Brochu
- Service de chirurgie générale, CHUL-CHUQ, Québec, Que
| | - H Moloo
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Grimshaw
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Coyle
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - I D Graham
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Balaa
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Stern
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Reso
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Estifanos
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - N Church
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - P Mitchell
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - C O'Neill
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - P Colquhoun
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - R Etemad-Rezai
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - S Jayaraman
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - R Passi
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - A S Hodder
- Division of General Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D E Pace
- Division of General Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - T K Chuah
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - T Y Y Lee
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - W Pollett
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D Trottier
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - G May
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Singh
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - O Boutross-Tadross
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Deif
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Elias
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W J Stephen
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Omiccioli
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - R Singh
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S G Hegge
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - C A McKinley
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - R Singh
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - A Omiccioli
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S G Hegge
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - C A McKinley
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S Sampath
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - B E Segal
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - J J Carter
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - N H Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - M Frimer
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - G Houston
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - S W Bloom
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - P Lemieux
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - C Couture
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - S Simard
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - S Lebel
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - A El Fitori
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Wassif
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G L Warnock
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Waddell
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Proctor
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S A Krajewski
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J A Brown
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M J Raval
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J Brown
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Simunovic
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Major
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Qui
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T To
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Baxter
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Urbach
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A McGuire
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R George
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R Berg
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R George
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - H Hristov
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - E D McAlister
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R George
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Jones
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Bardell
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P Isotalo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P K Stotland
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Chia
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J S Cyriac
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A Hagen
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - L V Klein
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Hodgson
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Holowaty
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Sussman
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Whelan
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Simunovic
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Apriasz
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - S Mohan
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - G Mccreery
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - R Patel
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - A K Sorsdahl
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - K L Lefebvre
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - M L McCune
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - P C Hebbard
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D A Wirtzfeld
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - Q H P Huynh
- The Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Humber River Regional Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L V Klein
- The Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Humber River Regional Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A Hagen
- The Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Humber River Regional Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Xeroulis
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Dubrowski
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Leslie
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Mihailovic
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Howard
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Willan
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Coyte
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Urbach
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Sawisky
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Johnson Stoklossa
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - B H Dickie
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Johnson Stoklossa
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Davey
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - L Bohacek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D E Pace
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - P J Karanicolas
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P H Colquhoun
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - E Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - G H Guyatt
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M S Butler
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital and University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C J de Gara
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital and University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Boutros
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - B Zabalotny
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - B Charlin
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - S Meterissian
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - C Finley
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Clifton
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Yee
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Quadri
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Knox
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Wong
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Xu
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Hornby
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Keshavjee
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Darling
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Schieman
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Tiruta
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M Blitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A Graham
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S McFadden
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Grondin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M de Perrot
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Anraku
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Feld
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Bezjak
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Burkes
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Roberts
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Cho
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Visbal
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Leighl
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Keshavjee
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Johnston
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P J Villeneuve
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R S Sundaresan
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D A Gray
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Rakovich
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Brigand
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Gaboury
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Martin
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Ferraro
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Duranceau
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Low
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - J Huang
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - N Cantone
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - D Schembre
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - S Mohan
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A L Trejos
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - H Bassan
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A W Lin
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R V Patel
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Blitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A J Graham
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S D McFadden
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S C Grondin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Kondra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Clifton
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Suarez
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Ross
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Evans
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - R J Finley
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Yee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Sugimura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - E H Spratt
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - C G Compeau
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y Shargall
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Lara-Guerra
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Leighl
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Salvarrey
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Sakurada
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Paul
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Boerner
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Geddie
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Pond
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F A Shepherd
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M S Tsao
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T K Waddell
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Abstract
The latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle has been previously described to repair diaphragmatic defects, but as a "reverse" flap, relying on secondary blood supply from the perforating lumbar vessels rather than primary inflow from the dominant thoracodorsal artery. We report resection of a retroperitoneal synovial sarcoma, with reconstruction of the hemidiaphragm using the LD rotated on its primary neurovascular bundle. By using the dominant pedicle, the vascularity of the flap is improved, minimizing the chance of flap tip loss. Maintaining an intact nerve supply prevents atrophy. As the distal origin of the LD is broad and flat, it is ideally suited for diaphragm repair. A latissimus-sparing thoracotomy incision is required to enable this method of diaphragm reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O McConkey
- School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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40
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Kneafsey P, Duggan MA, McFadden S. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pulmonary, well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma prepared by the ThinPrep method. Cytopathology 2003; 14:87-90. [PMID: 12713482 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2303.2003.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kneafsey
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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41
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Hollands JG, Parker HA, McFadden S, Boothby R. LCD versus CRT displays: a comparison of visual search performance for colored symbols. Hum Factors 2002; 44:210-221. [PMID: 12452269 DOI: 10.1518/0018720024497862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Visual search performance for tactical symbols was examined with liquid-crystal (LCD) and cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays. Twenty-four adult participants (19 men, 5 women; mean age 41 years) searched for navy tactical display symbols on a map background. LCD and CRT displays of similar size and resolution (52 cm diagonal, 1280 x 1024 pixels) were used. Viewing angle (0 degrees vs. 60 degrees of azimuth), set size, target color (blue, red, or white), target presence, and search type (feature vs. conjunction) were also manipulated. Participants showed reduced sensitivity for red and blue symbols viewed 60 degrees off axis with the LCD relative to on-axis LCD, or to the CRT on or off axis. Colored symbols viewed off axis on the LCD produced longer response times in feature search and lower search efficiency in conjunction search. The results argue against the use of current LCD technology when off-axis viewing is likely and color coding is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hollands
- Human-Computer Interaction Group, Defence R&D Canada-Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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42
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Cleary P, McFadden S. Helping children with communication difficulties in the classroom. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2001; 36 Suppl:31-34. [PMID: 11340803 DOI: 10.3109/13682820109177854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As we move towards a more inclusive education system teachers are becoming more aware of children with speech and language difficulties and the implications for their future learning and literacy development. In order to address this and promote collaborative working practice between teachers and speech and language therapists two advisory speech and language therapy posts were created for a two-year pilot project.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cleary
- Curriculum Advisory Support Service, Omagh Teachers' Centre, 1 Spillars Place, Omagh, Co Tyrone BT78 1HL
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43
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Kirk VG, McFadden S, Pinto A, Boag G, Sigalet DL. Leiomyoma of the esophagus associated with bronchial obstruction owing to inflammatory pseudotumor in a child. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35:771-4. [PMID: 10813347 DOI: 10.1053/jpsu.2000.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although relatively common in adults, leiomyoma of the esophagus is a rare disorder in children. A single case report describes the coexistence of both esophageal and bronchial leiomyoma in a child. The authors describe the diagnostic and treatment challenges encountered in a 2-year-old boy with coexisting inflammatory pseudotumor and esophageal leiomyoma presenting as massive atelectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Kirk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Malthaner
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
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45
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Cummings EA, Mailley P, Linquette-Mailley S, Eggins BR, McAdams ET, McFadden S. Amperometric carbon paste biosensor based on plant tissue for the determination of total flavanol content in beers†. Analyst 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a804021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Hurtig MB, Novak K, McPherson R, McFadden S, McGann LE, Mul drew K, Schachar NS. Osteochondral dowel transplantation for repair of focal defects in the knee: an outcome study using an ovine model. Vet Surg 1998; 27:5-16. [PMID: 9449173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1998.tb00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A model system was developed to objectively assess the quality of articular cartilage after surgical reconstruction of focal defects in the median femoral condyle using osteochondral dowel grafts. STUDY DESIGN The surgical technique was developed and customized to reproducibly minimize surgical trauma and graft instability in order to improve the survival of the transplanted cartilage and the long-term integrity of the joint surfaces. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION 24 adult female Suffolk-Romanoff crossbred sheep. METHODS Biomechanical creep testing, paravital staining for chondrocyte viability, histological analysis, and gross morphological analysis were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to compare fresh autografted osteochondral dowels with allografts that had been subject to a freezing protocol known to kill chondrocytes. The latter was used to investigate the time course of cartilage degeneration after injury. These two groups were also compared with normal unoperated control tissue. RESULTS Biomechanical behavior, chondrocyte survival, and cartilage histology differed significantly between fresh grafts and those that had been frozen. CONCLUSIONS Indentation testing and paravital staining were able to identify degenerative changes earlier than other methods of assessment. The technique developed here reproducibly and reliably transplanted osteochondral dowel grafts while minimizing the confounding effects of surgical trauma and graft instability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The technique provides both a promising surgical technique for the repair of focal defects of the medial femoral condyle and a sensitive model for the future study of cryopreservation strategies for articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hurtig
- McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wallman
- Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York, New York 10031, USA
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48
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McFadden S. [Positive and negative--living with HIV as a couple]. Sidahora 1995:9-10. [PMID: 11362483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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49
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McFadden S. Nursing home reform. ASHA 1993; 35:7. [PMID: 8318052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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McFadden S, Dunlop WE. Hepatic portal venous gas in adults: importance of ultrasonography in early diagnosis and survival. Can J Surg 1989; 32:297-8. [PMID: 2660975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is an ominous radiologic sign and indicates the need for urgent surgical intervention. The causes are varied, but the commonest and most serious is infarcted bowel. Because HPVG is difficult to detect on plain abdominal x-ray films, more reliable methods have been sought. The authors describe the case of a 31-year-old man to illustrate the need for and benefit of early detection of HPVG using ultrasonography, which was instrumental in the survival of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McFadden
- Department of Surgery, Calgary General Hospital, Alta
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