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El Gendy AENG, Essa AF, El-Rashedy AA, Elgamal AM, Khalaf DD, Hassan EM, Abd-ElGawad AM, Elgorban AM, Zaghloul NS, Alamery SF, Elshamy AI. Antiviral Potentialities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oils of Acacia nilotica Bark and Fruits against Hepatitis A and Herpes Simplex Viruses: In Vitro, In Silico, and Molecular Dynamics Studies. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11212889. [PMID: 36365342 PMCID: PMC9656187 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acacia nilotica (synonym: Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter and Mabb.) is considered an important plant of the family Fabaceae that is used in traditional medicine in many countries all over the world. In this work, the antiviral potentialities of the chemically characterized essential oils (EOs) obtained from the bark and fruits of A. nilotica were assessed in vitro against HAV, HSV1, and HSV2. Additionally, the in silico evaluation of the main compounds in both EOs was carried out against the two proteins, 3C protease of HAV and thymidine kinase (TK) of HSV. The chemical profiling of the bark EOs revealed the identification of 32 compounds with an abundance of di- (54.60%) and sesquiterpenes (39.81%). Stachene (48.34%), caryophyllene oxide (19.11%), and spathulenol (4.74%) represented the main identified constituents of bark EO. However, 26 components from fruit EO were assigned, with the majority of mono- (63.32%) and sesquiterpenes (34.91%), where trans-caryophyllene (36.95%), Z-anethole (22.87%), and γ-terpinene (7.35%) represented the majors. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) of the bark and fruits EOs was found at 500 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Using the MTT assay, the bark EO exhibited moderate antiviral activity with effects of 47.26% and 35.98% and a selectivity index (SI) of 2.3 and 1.6 against HAV and HSV1, respectively. However, weak activity was observed via the fruits EO with respective SI values of 3.8, 5.7, and 1.6 against HAV, HSV1, and HSV2. The in silico results exhibited that caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol (the main bark EO constituents) showed the best affinities (ΔG = -5.62, -5.33, -6.90, and -6.76 kcal/mol) for 3C protease and TK, respectively. While caryophyllene (the major fruit EO component) revealed promising binding capabilities against both proteins (ΔG = -5.31, -6.58 kcal/mol, respectively). The molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that caryophyllene oxide has the most positive van der Waals energy interaction with 3C protease and TK with significant binding free energies. Although these findings supported the antiviral potentialities of the EOs, especially bark EO, the in vivo assessment should be tested in the intraoral examination for these EOs and/or their main constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Essa
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
- Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Department of Chemistry of Microbial and Natural Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Doaa D. Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S. Zaghloul
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Salman F. Alamery
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Abstract
Background Splice-disrupt genomic variants are one of the causes of cancer-causing errors in gene expression. Little is known about splice-disrupt genomic variants. Methods and results Here, pattern of splice-disrupt variants was investigated using 21,842,764 genomic variants in different types of prostate cancer. A particular attention was paid to genomic locations of splice-disrupt variants on target genes. HLA-A in prostate cancer, MSR1 in familial prostate cancer, and EGFR in both castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic castration-resistant had the highest allele frequencies of splice-disrupt variations. Some splice-disrupt variants, located on coding sequences of NCOR2, PTPRC, and CRP, were solely present in the advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. High-risk splice-disrupt variants were identified based on computationally calculated Polymorphism Phenotyping (PolyPhen), Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT), and Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling (GERP) + + scores as well as the recorded clinical significance in dbSNP database of NCBI. Functional annotation of damaging splice-disrupt variants highlighted important cancer-associated functions, including endocrine resistance, lipid metabolic process, steroid metabolic process, regulation of mitotic cell cycle, and regulation of metabolic process. This is the first study that profiles the splice-disrupt genomic variants and their target genes in prostate cancer. Literature mining based variant analysis highlighted the importance of rs1800716 variant, located on the CYP2D6 gene, involved in a range of important functions, such as RNA spicing, drug interaction, death, and urotoxicity. Conclusions This is the first study that profiles the splice-disrupt genomic variants and their target genes in different types of prostate cancer. Unravelling alternative splicing opens a new avenue towards the establishment of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-022-07257-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O. Alanazi
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman F. Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5371 Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5371 Australia
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Abd-ElGawad AM, El-Amier YA, Bonanomi G, Gendy AENGE, Elgorban AM, Alamery SF, Elshamy AI. Chemical Composition of Kickxia aegyptiaca Essential Oil and Its Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11050594. [PMID: 35270064 PMCID: PMC8912309 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of new bioactive compounds from natural resources as alternatives to synthetic chemicals has recently attracted the attention of scientists and researchers. To our knowledge, the essential oil (EO) of Kickxia aegyptiaca has not yet been explored. Thus, the present study was designed to explore the EO chemical profile of K. aegyptiaca for the first time, as well as evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, particularly the extracts of this plant that have been reported to possess various biological activities. The EO was extracted from the aerial parts via hydrodistillation and then characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracted EO was tested for its antioxidant activity via the reduction in the free radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). In addition, the EO was tested as an antibacterial mediator against eight Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates. Forty-three compounds were identified in the EO of K. aegyptiaca, with a predominance of terpenoids (75.46%). Oxygenated compounds were the main class, with oxygenated sesquiterpenes attaining 40.42% of the EO total mass, while the oxygenated monoterpenes comprised 29.82%. The major compounds were cuminic aldehyde (21.99%), caryophyllene oxide (17.34%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (11.74%), ar-turmerone (8.51%), aromadendrene oxide (3.74%), and humulene epoxide (2.70%). According to the IC50 data, the K. aegyptiaca EO revealed considerable antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 30.48 mg L-1 and 35.01 mg L-1 for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. In addition, the EO of K. aegyptiaca showed more substantial antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial isolates compared to Gram-negative. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the EO showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, with an MIC value of 0.031 mg mL-1. The present study showed, for the first time, that the EO of K. aegyptiaca has more oxygenated compounds with substantial antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This activity could be attributed to the effect of the main compounds, either singular or synergistic. Thus, further studies are recommended to characterize the major compounds, either alone or in combination as antioxidants or antimicrobial agents, and evaluate their biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1003438980
| | - Yasser A. El-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salman F. Alamery
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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Shafat Z, Hamza A, Deeba F, Faizan MI, Khan N, Islam A, Ahmed A, Alamery SF, Parveen S. Optimization of parameters for expression and purification of G glycoprotein ectodomain of respiratory syncytial virus. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: G glycoprotein ectodomain (Ge) of BA genotype of group B respiratory syncytial virus was expressed and purified to achieve maximum yield of the protein. Materials & methods: We optimized different parameters like strains, temperature, inducer concentration and post induction time period for efficient protein expression in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified using affinity chromatography and confirmed by western blotting. Results: It was concluded that a 5-h induction with 0.75 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside at 37°C in BL21(DE3) cells was the most favorable condition for maximal protein expression. The far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy suggested that it is an α-helical protein. Conclusion: The purified Ge protein can be characterized by antigenic and biophysical methods in future studies, which will probably assist in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Shafat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Abu Hamza
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Deeba
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imam Faizan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nazim Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman F Alamery
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Malik A, Khan JM, Alamery SF, Fouad D, Labrou NE, Daoud MS, Abdelkader MO, Ataya FS. Monomeric Camelus dromedarius GSTM1 at low pH is structurally more thermostable than its native dimeric form. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205274. [PMID: 30303997 PMCID: PMC6179282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S‒transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play an important role in detoxification, cellular signalling, and the stress response. Camelus dromedarius is well-adapted to survive in extreme desert climate and it has GSTs, for which limited information is available. This study investigated the structure-function and thermodynamic properties of a mu-class camel GST (CdGSTM1) at different pH. Recombinant CdGSTM1 (25.7 kDa) was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Dimeric CdGSTM1 dissociated into stable but inactive monomeric subunits at low pH. Conformational and thermodynamic changes during the thermal unfolding pathway of dimeric and monomeric CdGSTM1 were characterised via a thermal shift assay and dynamic multimode spectroscopy (DMS). The thermal shift assay based on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence revealed that CdGSTM1 underwent a two-state unfolding pathway at pH 1.0-10.0. Its Tm value varied with varying pH. Another orthogonal technique based on far-UV CD also exhibited two-state unfolding in the dimeric and monomeric states. Generally, proteins tend to lose structural integrity and stability at low pH; however, monomeric CdGSTM1 at pH 2.0 was thermally more stable and unfolded with lower van't Hoff enthalpy. The present findings provide essential information regarding the structural, functional, and thermodynamic properties of CdGSTM1 at pH 1.0-10.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed M. Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman F. Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed S. Daoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Unit Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo University, El-Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O. Abdelkader
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid S. Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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