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Annan M, Sakr S, Alaouie Z, Salla M, Sheet I, Al Khatib A. The Knowledge and Practices Toward Food Safety Measures at Home in the Lebanese Community. Soc Work Public Health 2024; 39:297-312. [PMID: 38426551 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2323697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hygienic measures practiced at home are highly related to the occurrence of food-borne diseases during food production, storage, and handling. Contaminated food remains a major cause of several diarrheal diseases, hospitalizations, and spikes in medical expenses. In our current study, we aimed to assess the knowledge of food safety and the food safety and hygiene practices at home among the Lebanese population. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire including two sections. The first section included socio-demographic characteristics of participants, whereas the second section included questions related to practices and knowledge about food safety, divided into five parts; personal hygiene practices, dry and cold storage, sanitizing and cleaning and food intoxication. A total of 1101 Lebanese above 18 years participated and provided their responses to the questionnaire. Overall, the majority of participants had fair knowledge about food safety where 96.8% of the participants answered correctly about preventing microbial growth on food. 77.9% of those participants acquired their knowledge about food safety from articles, workshops, or the internet. Moreover, females, people with children and those who cook for themselves scored significantly higher than others (68.8, 70.6, and 70%, respectively). In comparison to younger participants (67.8%), older participants (50+ and 30-49) scored higher at 69.7% and 68.9%, respectively. Higher scores were obtained for questions related to storing dried foods/meat and poultry products with percentages 91.4 and 87.8%, respectively. However, lower scores were noticed on questions related to washing raw chicken before handling and storing eggs (9.7 and 12.3%, respectively). Altogether, our results revealed the need for directed food safety awareness campaigns at the national level to educate the Lebanese community about domestic food handling practices. We believe these campaigns can significantly reduce related diseases and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Annan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer Sakr
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Alaouie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Salla
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imtithal Sheet
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Al Khatib
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sakr S, Inoue K, Mohamed A, Ahmed AA, ElFeky MG, Saleh GM, Kamar MS, Arae H, Aono T, Sahoo SK. Distribution of natural radionuclides in NORM samples from North Abu Rusheid area, Egypt. J Environ Radioact 2023; 266-267:107240. [PMID: 37418811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The North Abu Rusheid area in Egypt is a well-known high background natural radiation area (HBNRA) due to the existence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in mylonitic rocks. In this study, 27 rock samples were selected for dose estimation studies. 238U and 232Th were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and 40K was measured using sodium iodide (thallium) gamma-ray spectroscopy. The ranges of activity concentrations (Bq/kg) of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the samples varied from 270 ± 2 to 2120 ± 29, 350 ± 2 to 1840 ± 27 and 20 ± 2 to 1390 ± 35 with mean values of 980 ± 349, 770 ± 351, and 640 ± 402 Bq/kg, respectively. The radiological hazard parameters were estimated from activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K and compared to United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) values. The present study revealed that the hazard parameters were several times higher than the worldwide averages. The U/Th concentration ratio ranged from 0.7 to 3 and could be attributed to the presence of kasolite, uranothorite, zircon, and columbite in mylonitic rocks. From the radiological protection viewpoint, it is necessary to monitor natural radionuclides in these rocks prior to their use in residential and commercial construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakr
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan; Department of Physics, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt; National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - A Mohamed
- Department of Physics, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - A A Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - M G ElFeky
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G M Saleh
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M S Kamar
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - T Aono
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Hamam B, Khandaqji S, Sakr S, Ghaddar A. Social media addiction in university students in Lebanon and its effect on student performance. J Am Coll Health 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36595574 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2152690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to assess addiction to social media among university students and to explore the association of addiction to social media with academic performance. Methods: A random sample of 997 university students filled in a self-administered questionnaire using Google form (response rate 81%). The questionnaire adopted a validated scale (Social Media Addiction Scale, SMAS) and included questions about socio-demographics. Grade point average, absences, and passing rate were extracted for each student from the university management system. Results: Results showed that each of the three dimensions of addiction to social media (compulsive feelings, social consequences and time displacement) reduce at least one indicator of academic performance (GPA, absenteeism and passing rate). Conclusion: Results call to design and evaluate interventions that tackle different social media addiction dimensions to reduce their negative impact on academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Hamam
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Khandaqji
- Health Promotion Group, Observatory of Public Policies and Health, Jnah, Beirut
| | - Samer Sakr
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ghaddar
- Health Promotion Group, Observatory of Public Policies and Health, Jnah, Beirut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Sakr S, Ghaddar A, Sheet I, Eid AH, Hamam B. Knowledge, attitude and practices related to COVID-19 among young Lebanese population. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:653. [PMID: 33823826 PMCID: PMC8022301 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the world faces the most serious and widespread pandemic in recent history, claiming nearly 1,945,610 lives and infecting over 90 million individuals up to January 13, 2021, controlling the spread of COVID-19 is still limited to efforts done by the general population implementing rules and restrictions passed by world governments and organizations. As we wait for the approved vaccines to become widely distributed, the best approach to fighting the spread of this disease is mostly preventative depending largely on individuals’ compliance. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in Lebanon. Methods A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the outcome measures of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 on a convenience sample from the Lebanese population in relation to socio-demographic characteristics and level of concern towards COVID-19. One thousand eight hundred sixty-one participants filled in an online survey (response rate: 18.5%) distributed by social media to social networks of the research team members. Results Participants were mainly young (49.4% between 18 and 24 years) and males (73.7%). Participants showed an overall appropriate knowledge of COVID-19 (67.1%) and positive attitude (around 90% were optimistic about treatment and vaccination) and had good preventive practices towards COVID-19 (around 75% washed hands and avoided public places). Knowledge and practices correlated positively with marriage, age, education, working in a healthcare field and with the level of concern about getting COVID-19. Conclusions This study found good overall levels of KAP among the studied Lebanese population. This can help in controlling the spread of COVID-19 if individuals were forced to adhere to social distancing and appropriate preventative practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10575-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Sakr
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ghaddar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imtithal Sheet
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bassam Hamam
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Udumula M, Dimitrova I, Sakr S, Buekers T, Giri S, Rattan R. Omega-3 lipid metabolites as mediators of metformin’s anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sakr S, Ghaddar A, Hamam B, Sheet I. Antibiotic use and resistance: an unprecedented assessment of university students' knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in Lebanon. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:535. [PMID: 32306940 PMCID: PMC7169022 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence and spread of pathogenic bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics has become a major public health concern. The incorrect prescription, inappropriate consumption and excess use of antimicrobial drugs, specifically antibiotics, are possibly the main factors contributing to the widespread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards the use of antibiotics as well as their resistance among Lebanese university students in health and non-health related majors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2019 in Beirut (Lebanon) in which 750 students completed a questionnaire made up of four dimensions: Socio-demographic characteristics, 3 questions; assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices, 7, 10 and 1 question, respectively. The data was collected in spreadsheets and analysed with descriptive statistics. The difference in mean scores in each of the knowledge, attitude and practices dimensions between health and non-health related major students was analysed using t-student tests and the difference in percentages using chi-square tests. Results Almost 78% of respondents from the health related majors scored high knowledge compared to only 41% of non-health related majors (mean = 4.26; standard error = 0.05 versus mean = 3.41; standard error = 0.13, respectively). The attitude score of the health related major students (35.42%) was positive and more satisfactory compared to the non-health related students (7.32%); (mean = 9.34; standard error = 0.05 versus mean = 9.10; standard error = 0.21, respectively). However, the difference in the scores of attitudes was not statistically significant. Conclusions Interventions to promote awareness in this area should focus more students in on non-health related majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Sakr
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ali Ghaddar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Hamam
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imtithal Sheet
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Ali-Fehmi R, Sakr S, Abdulfatah E, Wakeling E, Yerrapotu N, Tsolakian I, Ujayli D, Naaman J, Bandyopadhyay S, Morris R. Towards early personalized patient management: Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma applied to endometrial biopsy specimens. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hibrand Saint-Oyant L, Ruttink T, Hamama L, Kirov I, Lakhwani D, Zhou NN, Bourke PM, Daccord N, Leus L, Schulz D, Van de Geest H, Hesselink T, Van Laere K, Debray K, Balzergue S, Thouroude T, Chastellier A, Jeauffre J, Voisine L, Gaillard S, Borm TJA, Arens P, Voorrips RE, Maliepaard C, Neu E, Linde M, Le Paslier MC, Bérard A, Bounon R, Clotault J, Choisne N, Quesneville H, Kawamura K, Aubourg S, Sakr S, Smulders MJM, Schijlen E, Bucher E, Debener T, De Riek J, Foucher F. A high-quality genome sequence of Rosa chinensis to elucidate ornamental traits. Nat Plants 2018; 4:473-484. [PMID: 29892093 DOI: 10.1101/254102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rose is the world's most important ornamental plant, with economic, cultural and symbolic value. Roses are cultivated worldwide and sold as garden roses, cut flowers and potted plants. Roses are outbred and can have various ploidy levels. Our objectives were to develop a high-quality reference genome sequence for the genus Rosa by sequencing a doubled haploid, combining long and short reads, and anchoring to a high-density genetic map, and to study the genome structure and genetic basis of major ornamental traits. We produced a doubled haploid rose line ('HapOB') from Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' and generated a rose genome assembly anchored to seven pseudo-chromosomes (512 Mb with N50 of 3.4 Mb and 564 contigs). The length of 512 Mb represents 90.1-96.1% of the estimated haploid genome size of rose. Of the assembly, 95% is contained in only 196 contigs. The anchoring was validated using high-density diploid and tetraploid genetic maps. We delineated hallmark chromosomal features, including the pericentromeric regions, through annotation of transposable element families and positioned centromeric repeats using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The rose genome displays extensive synteny with the Fragaria vesca genome, and we delineated only two major rearrangements. Genetic diversity was analysed using resequencing data of seven diploid and one tetraploid Rosa species selected from various sections of the genus. Combining genetic and genomic approaches, we identified potential genetic regulators of key ornamental traits, including prickle density and the number of flower petals. A rose APETALA2/TOE homologue is proposed to be the major regulator of petal number in rose. This reference sequence is an important resource for studying polyploidization, meiosis and developmental processes, as we demonstrated for flower and prickle development. It will also accelerate breeding through the development of molecular markers linked to traits, the identification of the genes underlying them and the exploitation of synteny across Rosaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hibrand Saint-Oyant
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Ruttink
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - L Hamama
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - I Kirov
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lakhwani
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N N Zhou
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - P M Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Daccord
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Leus
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - D Schulz
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Van de Geest
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Hesselink
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Van Laere
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - K Debray
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Balzergue
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Thouroude
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - A Chastellier
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - J Jeauffre
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Voisine
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Gaillard
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T J A Borm
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R E Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Neu
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Linde
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M C Le Paslier
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - A Bérard
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - R Bounon
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Clotault
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N Choisne
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - H Quesneville
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - K Kawamura
- Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Aubourg
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Sakr
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - M J M Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Schijlen
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Bucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Debener
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - J De Riek
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - F Foucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France.
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Hibrand Saint-Oyant L, Ruttink T, Hamama L, Kirov I, Lakhwani D, Zhou NN, Bourke PM, Daccord N, Leus L, Schulz D, Van de Geest H, Hesselink T, Van Laere K, Debray K, Balzergue S, Thouroude T, Chastellier A, Jeauffre J, Voisine L, Gaillard S, Borm TJA, Arens P, Voorrips RE, Maliepaard C, Neu E, Linde M, Le Paslier MC, Bérard A, Bounon R, Clotault J, Choisne N, Quesneville H, Kawamura K, Aubourg S, Sakr S, Smulders MJM, Schijlen E, Bucher E, Debener T, De Riek J, Foucher F. A high-quality genome sequence of Rosa chinensis to elucidate ornamental traits. Nat Plants 2018; 4:473-484. [PMID: 29892093 PMCID: PMC6786968 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rose is the world's most important ornamental plant, with economic, cultural and symbolic value. Roses are cultivated worldwide and sold as garden roses, cut flowers and potted plants. Roses are outbred and can have various ploidy levels. Our objectives were to develop a high-quality reference genome sequence for the genus Rosa by sequencing a doubled haploid, combining long and short reads, and anchoring to a high-density genetic map, and to study the genome structure and genetic basis of major ornamental traits. We produced a doubled haploid rose line ('HapOB') from Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' and generated a rose genome assembly anchored to seven pseudo-chromosomes (512 Mb with N50 of 3.4 Mb and 564 contigs). The length of 512 Mb represents 90.1-96.1% of the estimated haploid genome size of rose. Of the assembly, 95% is contained in only 196 contigs. The anchoring was validated using high-density diploid and tetraploid genetic maps. We delineated hallmark chromosomal features, including the pericentromeric regions, through annotation of transposable element families and positioned centromeric repeats using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The rose genome displays extensive synteny with the Fragaria vesca genome, and we delineated only two major rearrangements. Genetic diversity was analysed using resequencing data of seven diploid and one tetraploid Rosa species selected from various sections of the genus. Combining genetic and genomic approaches, we identified potential genetic regulators of key ornamental traits, including prickle density and the number of flower petals. A rose APETALA2/TOE homologue is proposed to be the major regulator of petal number in rose. This reference sequence is an important resource for studying polyploidization, meiosis and developmental processes, as we demonstrated for flower and prickle development. It will also accelerate breeding through the development of molecular markers linked to traits, the identification of the genes underlying them and the exploitation of synteny across Rosaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hibrand Saint-Oyant
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Ruttink
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - L Hamama
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - I Kirov
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lakhwani
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N N Zhou
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - P M Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Daccord
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Leus
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - D Schulz
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Van de Geest
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Hesselink
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Van Laere
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - K Debray
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Balzergue
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Thouroude
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - A Chastellier
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - J Jeauffre
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Voisine
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Gaillard
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T J A Borm
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R E Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Neu
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Linde
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M C Le Paslier
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - A Bérard
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - R Bounon
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Clotault
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N Choisne
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - H Quesneville
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - K Kawamura
- Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Aubourg
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Sakr
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - M J M Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Schijlen
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Bucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Debener
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - J De Riek
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - F Foucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France.
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Rattan R, Sakr S, Ali-Fehmi R, Abdulfatah E, Hanna R, Giri S, Munkarah A. S-nitrosoglutathione, a physiologic nitric oxide carrier, reduces immunosupression in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Sakr S, Abdulfatah E, Loehr A, Simmons A, Morris R, Ali-Fehmi R. Prognostic impact of loss of heterozygosity in uterine serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Abdulfatah E, Sakr S, Morris R, Munkarah A, Barbuto D, Euscher E, Frauenhoffer E, Montiel D, Malpica A, Silva E, Ali-Fehmi R. Mucinous differentiation is predictive of improved outcomes in low-grade endometrioid carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Sakr S, Giri S, Rattan R, Abdulfatah E, Pardeshi V, Morris R, Munkarah A, Ali-Fehmi R. Expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 5 in ovarian carcinoma: Effect on prognosis and therapeutic potential. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Sakr S, Abdulfatah E, Munkarah A, Morris R, Elshaikh M, Pardeshi V, Ali-Fehmi R. Prognostic value of loss of MMR protein expression in endometrial carcinoma in African American and White women. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chardonnet S, Sakr S, Cassier-Chauvat C, Le Maréchal P, Chauvat F, Lemaire SD, Decottignies P. First proteomic study of S-glutathionylation in cyanobacteria. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:59-71. [PMID: 25208982 DOI: 10.1021/pr500625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutathionylation, the reversible post-translational formation of a mixed disulfide between a cysteine residue and glutathione (GSH), is a crucial mechanism for signal transduction and regulation of protein function. Until now this reversible redox modification was studied mainly in eukaryotic cells. Here we report a large-scale proteomic analysis of glutathionylation in a photosynthetic prokaryote, the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Treatment of acellular extracts with N,N-biotinyl glutathione disulfide (BioGSSG) induced glutathionylation of numerous proteins, which were subsequently isolated by affinity chromatography on streptavidin columns and identified by nano LC-MS/MS analysis. Potential sites of glutathionylation were also determined for 125 proteins following tryptic cleavage, streptavidin-affinity purification, and mass spectrometry analysis. Taken together the two approaches allowed the identification of 383 glutathionylatable proteins that participate in a wide range of cellular processes and metabolic pathways such as carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, cell division, stress responses, and H2 production. In addition, the glutathionylation of two putative targets, namely, peroxiredoxin (Sll1621) involved in oxidative stress tolerance and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Sll1908) acting on amino acids metabolism, was confirmed by biochemical studies on the purified recombinant proteins. These results suggest that glutathionylation constitutes a major mechanism of global regulation of the cyanobacterial metabolism under oxidative stress conditions.
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Djambas Khayat C, Samaha H, Noun P, Bakhos Asmar JD, Taher A, Adib S, Inati A, Sakr S. Detection of bleeding disorders in Lebanon: outcomes of a pilot programme. Haemophilia 2013; 20:196-9. [PMID: 24283945 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To promote management and awareness of bleeding disorders in Lebanon, a pilot programme was launched in 2009 by the Lebanese Hemophilia Association assisted by World Federation of Hemophilia. The aim of this study was to diagnose patients with bleeding disorders and to assess the potential challenges in implementing a screening programme. The pilot project was launched in 26 social health centres in the Bekaa valley. The study tools included the evaluation of the Tossetto Bleeding Score and the Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart (PBAC) for menstruation. Persons with a bleeding score higher than 2 and PBAC higher than 185 were eligible for further blood tests including the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, complete blood count, bleeding time and von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor activity. 643 patients were enrolled, of whom 60.6% were women. Overall, 91 persons had an abnormal score. 50 eligible patients were tested: 32 had normal tests, nine new patients with severe Von Willebrand were discovered, 4 had VW:RiCo of 40, 3 prolonged APTT and 2 thrombocytopaenia. There was a clear correlation between the severity of the score and the willingness to perform the tests (P = 0.02). Women were reluctant to participate fully when investigators were men. The probability of adherence to the screening protocol is significantly increased when directed by women health care professional. For patients with milder forms, global screening programmes were neither feasible nor acceptable but those more severely affected have to be identified. Providers are crucial in preselecting patients with blood problems who are not coping well.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Djambas Khayat
- Lebanese Hemophilia Association, Care centre, Jal el Dib, Lebanon; Departement Pediatric, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
Alpha ecdysone is naturally present in the leaves of some plants, including the carcinogenic plant bracken fern (Pteris aquilina). Feeding mice with alpha-ecdysone at a dose level of 3 ppm/25 g body weight, 2 times per week for 22 months induced a significant increase in the body weight of the animals. Breast and lung tumors developed in the experimental mice. Other pathological changes such as fibrocystic disease of the breast and bronchocentric granulomas appeared in these animals. The results of this study proved that alpha-ecdysone may be one of the active carcinogens in bracken fern plant which was responsible for induction of tumors in different animals investigated by previous authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elmofty
- MENOUFIA UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT ZOOL,SHIBIN AL KAWM,EGYPT. UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT
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19
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Lopez D, Bronner G, Brunel N, Auguin D, Bourgerie S, Brignolas F, Carpin S, Tournaire-Roux C, Maurel C, Fumanal B, Martin F, Sakr S, Label P, Julien JL, Gousset-Dupont A, Venisse JS. Insights into Populus XIP aquaporins: evolutionary expansion, protein functionality, and environmental regulation. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:2217-30. [PMID: 22223812 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel category of major intrinsic proteins which share weak similarities with previously identified aquaporin subfamilies was recently identified in land plants, and named X (for unrecognized) intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Because XIPs are still ranked as uncharacterized proteins, their further molecular characterization is required. Herein, a systematic fine-scale analysis of XIP sequences found in flowering plant databases revealed that XIPs are found in at least five groups. The phylogenetic relationship of these five groups with the phylogenetic organization of angiosperms revealed an original pattern of evolution for the XIP subfamily through distinct angiosperm taxon-specific clades. Of all flowering plant having XIPs, the genus Populus encompasses the broadest panel and the highest polymorphism of XIP isoforms, with nine PtXIP sequences distributed within three XIP groups. Comprehensive PtXIP gene expression patterns showed that only two isoforms (PtXIP2;1 and PtXIP3;2) were transcribed in vegetative tissues. However, their patterns are contrasted, PtXIP2;1 was ubiquitously accumulated whereas PtXIP3;2 was predominantly detected in wood and to a lesser extent in roots. Furthermore, only PtXIP2;1 exhibited a differential expression in leaves and stems of drought-, salicylic acid-, or wounding-challenged plants. Unexpectedly, the PtXIPs displayed different abilities to alter water transport upon expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. PtXIP2;1 and PtXIP3;3 transported water while other PtXIPs did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lopez
- Université Blaise Pascal UMRA 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Sakr S, El-Khateeb M, El-Quesni F, Abd El-Magied H. RESPONSE OF Magnolia grandiflora L. SEEDLINGS TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MAGNESIUM, ZINC AND BORON. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2010; 61:430-436. [DOI: 10.21608/ejarc.2010.215529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sakr S, Cirinesi AM, Ullers RS, Schwager F, Georgopoulos C, Genevaux P. Lon protease quality control of presecretory proteins in Escherichia coli and its dependence on the SecB and DnaJ (Hsp40) chaperones. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23506-14. [PMID: 20504766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental insults result in irreversible damage to proteins and protein complexes. To cope, cells have evolved dedicated protein quality control mechanisms involving molecular chaperones and proteases. Here, we provide both genetic and biochemical evidence that the Lon protease and the SecB and DnaJ/Hsp40 chaperones are involved in the quality control of presecretory proteins in Escherichia coli. We showed that mutations in the lon gene alleviate the cold-sensitive phenotype of a secB mutant. Such suppression was not observed with either clpP or clpQ protease mutants. In comparison to the respective single mutants, the double secB lon mutant strongly accumulates aggregates of SecB substrates at physiological temperatures, suggesting that the chaperone and the protease share substrates. These observations were extended in vitro by showing that the main substrates identified in secB lon aggregates, namely proOmpF and proOmpC, are highly sensitive to specific degradation by Lon. In contrast, both substrates are significantly protected from Lon degradation by SecB. Interestingly, the chaperone DnaJ by itself protects substrates better from Lon degradation than SecB or the complete DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone machinery. In agreement with this finding, a DnaJ mutant protein that does not functionally interact in vivo with DnaK efficiently suppresses the SecB cold-sensitive phenotype, highlighting the role of DnaJ in assisting presecretory proteins. Taken together, our data suggest that when the Sec secretion pathway is compromised, a pool of presecretory proteins is transiently maintained in a translocation-competent state and, thus, protected from Lon degradation by either the SecB or DnaJ chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Sakr
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS and the Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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El-Dakar A, Hassanien G, Gad S, Sakr S. Use of Dried Basil Leaves as a Feeding Attractant for Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus X Oreochromis aureus, Fingerlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.21608/maj.2008.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sakr S, Thyssen M, Denis M, Zhang CC. Relationship among several key cell cycle events in the developmental cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:5958-65. [PMID: 16885464 PMCID: PMC1540088 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00524-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When grown in the absence of a source of combined nitrogen, the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 develops, within 24 h, a differentiated cell type called a heterocyst that is specifically involved in the fixation of N(2). Cell division is required for heterocyst development, suggesting that the cell cycle could control this developmental process. In this study, we investigated several key events of the cell cycle, such as cell growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division, and explored their relationships to heterocyst development. The results of analyses by flow cytometry indicated that the DNA content increased as the cell size expanded during cell growth. The DNA content of heterocysts corresponded to the subpopulation of vegetative cells that had a big cell size, presumably those at the late stages of cell growth. Consistent with these results, most proheterocysts exhibited two nucleoids, which were resolved into a single nucleoid in most mature heterocysts. The ring structure of FtsZ, a protein required for the initiation of bacterial cell division, was present predominantly in big cells and rarely in small cells. When cell division was inhibited and consequently cells became elongated, little change in DNA content was found by measurement using flow cytometry, suggesting that inhibition of cell division may block further synthesis of DNA. The overexpression of minC, which encodes an inhibitor of FtsZ polymerization, led to the inhibition of cell division, but cells expanded in spherical form to become giant cells; structures with several cells attached together in the form of a cloverleaf could be seen frequently. These results may indicate that the relative amounts of FtsZ and MinC affect not only cell division but also the placement of the cell division planes and the cell morphology. MinC overexpression blocked heterocyst differentiation, consistent with the requirement of cell division in the control of heterocyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Sakr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-UPR 9043, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
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Abstract
Heterocyst differentiation in filamentous cyanobacteria provides an excellent prokaryotic model for studying multicellular behaviour and pattern formation. In Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, for example, 5-10% of the cells along each filament are induced, when deprived of combined nitrogen, to differentiate into heterocysts. Heterocysts are specialized in the fixation of N(2) under oxic conditions and are semi-regularly spaced among vegetative cells. This developmental programme leads to spatial separation of oxygen-sensitive nitrogen fixation (by heterocysts) and oxygen-producing photosynthesis (by vegetative cells). The interdependence between these two cell types ensures filament growth under conditions of combined-nitrogen limitation. Multiple signals have recently been identified as necessary for the initiation of heterocyst differentiation, the formation of the heterocyst pattern and pattern maintenance. The Krebs cycle metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) serves as a signal of nitrogen deprivation. Accumulation of a non-metabolizable analogue of 2-OG triggers the complex developmental process of heterocyst differentiation. Once heterocyst development has been initiated, interactions among the various components involved in heterocyst differentiation determine the developmental fate of each cell. The free calcium concentration is crucial to heterocyst differentiation. Lateral diffusion of the PatS peptide or a derivative of it from a developing cell may inhibit the differentiation of neighbouring cells. HetR, a protease showing DNA-binding activity, is crucial to heterocyst differentiation and appears to be the central processor of various early signals involved in the developmental process. How the various signalling pathways are integrated and used to control heterocyst differentiation processes is a challenging question that still remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Zhang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UPR9043-CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.
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25
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Abstract
When the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 is exposed to combined nitrogen starvation, 5 to 10% of the cells along each filament at semiregular intervals differentiate into heterocysts specialized in nitrogen fixation. Heterocysts are terminally differentiated cells in which the major cell division protein FtsZ is undetectable. In this report, we provide molecular evidence indicating that cell division is necessary for heterocyst development. FtsZ, which is translationally fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter, is found to form a ring structure at the mid-cell position. SulA from Escherichia coli inhibits the GTPase activity of FtsZ in vitro and prevents the formation of FtsZ rings when expressed in Anabaena PCC 7120. The expression of sulA arrests cell division and suppresses heterocyst differentiation completely. The antibiotic aztreonam, which is targeted to the FtsI protein necessary for septum formation, has similar effects on both cell division and heterocyst differentiation, although in this case, the FtsZ ring is still formed. Therefore, heterocyst differentiation is coupled to cell division but independent of the formation of the FtsZ ring. Consistently, once the inhibitory pressure of cell division is removed, cell division should take place first before heterocyst differentiation resumes at a normal frequency. The arrest of cell division does not affect the accumulation of 2-oxoglutarate, which triggers heterocyst differentiation. Consistently, a nonmetabolizable analogue of 2-oxoglutarate does not rescue the failure of heterocyst differentiation when cell division is blocked. These results suggest that the control of heterocyst differentiation by cell division is independent of the 2-oxoglutarate signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Sakr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS UPR9043, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
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Abstract
Cyanobacteria belong to an extremely diverse group of gram-negative prokaryotes. They are all able to perform oxygen-evolving photosynthesis, but differ in morphology, ecological habitats, and physiology. This diversity is also reflected in the complexity of regulatory proteins involved in protein phosphorylation on Ser, Thr and Tyr residues. For those strains whose genomes are completely sequenced, for example, the number of genes identified so far that encode Ser/Thr and Tyr kinases range from none to 52. Genetic, molecular as well as functional genomic analyses demonstrate that Ser/Thr and Tyr kinases and phosphatases are involved in the regulation of a variety of activities according to changes in growth conditions or cell metabolism, such as cell motility, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and stress response. The major challenge in the near future is to integrate these components into signaling pathways and identify their targets. Some of the Ser/Thr and Tyr kinases and phosphatases are expected to interact with classical two-component signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Wei XY, Sakr S, Li JH, Wang L, Chen WL, Zhang CC. Expression of split dnaE genes and trans-splicing of DnaE intein in the developmental cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Res Microbiol 2005; 157:227-34. [PMID: 16256311 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein intein is widespread in a variety of organisms. Several intein elements are also present in cyanobacteria, and some of them have been studied biochemically in vitro. However, no evidence is available for intein removal in vivo in cyanobacteria. In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, the DNA replication factor DnaE is encoded by two split open reading frames (ORFs) far apart from each other on the chromosome, and each of them could contain a split intein element. This organism can undergo a developmental process leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing cells, or heterocysts. Heterocysts are terminally differentiated cells with arrest of cell cycle. Since DnaE is an important cell cycle element involved in DNA replication, we would like to provide in vivo evidence for DnaE intein removal in cyanobacteria and determine whether mature DnaE protein is still present in heterocysts. In this study, we showed that the products of these two ORFs were joined together to form a complete DnaE protein through the process of protein trans-splicing. More interestingly, protein trans-splicing could be detected in vivo for the first time in cyanobacteria, which allowed us to compare the formation of mature DnaE protein in heterocysts and vegetative cells, and show that mature DnaE protein could be formed in both cell types. Transcriptional fusion between the promoter regions of the two split ORFs and gfp reporter also demonstrate that both ORFs are transcribed in vegetative cells and heterocysts, without strong variation during the process of heterocyst differentiation. Although heterocysts are terminally differentiated and may not replicate its chromosome, the expression and maturation of DnaE in these cells may underlie the need for DNA replication machinery in processes such as DNA recombination and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Faugeron C, Sakr S, Lhernould S, Michalski JC, Delrot S, Morvan H. Long-distance transport and metabolism of unconjugated N-glycans in tomato plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 1999; 50:1669-1675. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/50.340.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Lemoine R, Bürkle L, Barker L, Sakr S, Kühn C, Regnacq M, Gaillard C, Delrot S, Frommer WB. Identification of a pollen-specific sucrose transporter-like protein NtSUT3 from tobacco. FEBS Lett 1999; 454:325-30. [PMID: 10431832 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pollen cells are symplasmically isolated during maturation and germination. Pollen therefore needs to take up nutrients via membrane carriers. Physiological measurements on pollen indicate sucrose transport in the pollen tube. A cDNA encoding a pollen-specific sucrose transporter-like protein NtSUT3 was isolated from a tobacco pollen cDNA library. NtSUT3 expression is detected only in pollen and is restricted to late pollen development, pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Altogether these data indicate that pollen is supplied not only with glucose, but also with sucrose through a specific sucrose transporter. The respective contribution of each transport pathway may change during pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lemoine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Végétales, ESA CNRS 6161, Poitiers, France.
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Abstract
The protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) either provided directly to sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf discs or infiltrated in the leaf blade rapidly inhibited sucrose uptake. Methyl okadaic acid, a biologically inactive analogue of OA, had only a marginal effect on uptake. OA inhibited proton-motive force-driven uptake of sucrose into plasma membrane vesicles, without affecting their proton permeability. OA did not significantly affect the amount of sucrose transporters present in the vesicles, as estimated by ELISA with specific antibodies. It is concluded that OA directly inhibits the activity of a H+-sucrose cotransporter of the plant plasma membrane, likely by maintaining it in a phosphorylated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roblin
- ERS CNRS 6099, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biochimie Végétales, Poitiers, France
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Sakr S, Noubahni M, Bourbouloux A, Riesmeier J, Frommer WB, Sauer N, Delrot S. Cutting, ageing and expression of plant membrane transporters. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1330:207-16. [PMID: 9408174 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(97)00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The activity and the expression of sucrose, hexose and amino acid transporters were studied with fresh, cut or aged tissues and plasma membrane vesicles (PMV) of mature sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves. Cutting and ageing both induced an increase of the transcripts coding for sucrose transporters and hexose transporters. No significant effect could be detected on the amino acid transporter transcripts with the probe used (aap1). A polyclonal serum directed against the Arabidopsis thaliana sucrose transporter (AtSUC1) reacted with a 42 kDa band of the sugar beet PMV, confirming previous biochemical identification of this band as a sucrose transporter. ELISA assays run with microsomal fractions and PMV using the AtSUC1 sucrose transporter probe indicated that ageing, and to a lesser extent cutting, increased the amount of sucrose transporter present in the plasma membrane. However, while cutting strongly stimulated proton-motive force driven uptake of sucrose in PMV, ageing only resulted in a slight stimulation. These data give evidence for transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational controls of the activity of the sucrose transporter by mechanical treatments. Proton-motive force driven uptake of 3-O-methylglucose and valine in PMV was strongly stimulated in PMV from aged tissues, although previous data had shown that cutting did not affect theses processes. Therefore, the plant cells possess various levels of control mechanisms that allow them to regulate fluxes of the main assimilates across the plasma membrane when their natural environment is directly or indirectly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakr
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biochimie Végétales, ERS CNRS 6099, Université de Poitiers, France
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Noubhani AM, Sakr S, Denis MH, Delrot S. Transcriptional and post-translational control of the plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase by mechanical treatments. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1281:213-9. [PMID: 8664320 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(96)00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the plant plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase was studied with fresh, cut or aged tissues of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves. The rate of acidification of the medium by tissue samples was strongly stimulated by ageing, but unaffected by cutting. The proton-pumping activity and the specific activity of the vanadate-sensitive ATPase of purified PM vesicles prepared from aged tissues were much higher than that of fresh tissues, whereas cutting had no effect. Yet, both ageing and cutting increased the amount of PM H(+)-ATPase detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Likewise, both ageing and cutting increased the levels of pma4 and pma2 ATPase transcripts, as assayed with the corresponding probes from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Ageing increases, within a few hours, the levels of the transcripts, the translation and the activity of several PM H(+)-ATPase families. Cutting, which represents a milder mechanical stress, only increases the levels of the transcripts and their translation, without detectable effect on the activity at the biochemical or physiological level, which suggests a post-translational control of this activity. Thus, upon mechanical stress, the activity of the H(+)-ATPase, a key enzyme of the plant PM is rapidly and tightly regulated by transcriptional and post-translational controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Noubhani
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biochemie Végétales, Unité Associée CNRS 574, Universite de Poitiers, France
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Haourigui M, Sakr S, Martin ME, Thobie N, Girard-Globa A, Benassayag C, Nunez EA. Postprandial free fatty acids stimulate activity of human corticosteroid binding globulin. Am J Physiol 1995; 269:E1067-75. [PMID: 8572198 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of postprandial variation of free fatty acids (FFA) on serum corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) properties and cortisol (hydrocortisone) concentrations were explored in 11 women (20-30 yr) during 8 h after an oral load of tallow (26% C16:0, 18% C18:0, and 43% C18:1), oleic-sunflower (oleic-SF; 73% C18:1), sunflower (SF; 67% C18:2), and mixed oil (MO; 39% C18:1 and 48% C18:2). Serum FFA increased little after SF and MO but more than doubled in the late postprandial period (6 and 8 h) after oleic-SF (due to monounsaturated FFA) or tallow (due to saturated and monounsaturated FFA). CBG concentrations remained unchanged, but in relation with the postprandial elevation of serum FFA, CBG binding activity was increased after tallow or oleic-SF as a result of a combined two- to threefold increase in affinity constant and a 50% reduction in binding sites. Immunological and in vitro binding studies showed the changes in CBG behavior to be conformational and to be mediated mainly by monounsaturated FFA, especially C18:1. The modifications of CBG properties were associated with sustained high concentrations of cortisol (suppression of midday decrease) 6 and 8 h after tallow or oleic-SF. Thus dietary FFA may have an impact on bioavailability of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haourigui
- U-224 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Paris, France
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Senault C, Vacher D, Sakr S, Girard-Globa A. Binding of HDL to basolateral membranes of the renal cortex. Evidence for two components in the HDL-membrane association. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1189:168-74. [PMID: 8292621 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(94)90062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The binding of porcine 125I-HDL to purified basolateral membrane fractions isolated from pig kidney cortex displays two categories of sites, one with high affinity ((Kd = (3.0 +/- 0.7) x 10(-9) M) and low capacity (Bmax = 52 +/- 32 ng/mg proteins) another with low affinity (Kd = (5.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-8) M) but a higher capacity (Bmax = 795 +/- 115 ng/mg proteins). Binding was competitively inhibited to the same extent by unlabeled HDL from swine, human or rat, demonstrating an absence of species specificity. Porcine LDL partially competed for binding even in the presence of 30 mM EDTA which prevents apo B/E specific binding. Membrane proteins solubilized with CHAPS were analyzed by electrophoresis followed by ligand blotting using porcine 125I-HDL and 125I-apoAI-HDL to show that HDL bound to two proteins of respective molecular masses 120 +/- 2 and 95 +/- 9 kDa. 125I-apoAI associated mostly with the 95 kDa protein. A 100-fold excess of unlabeled HDL greatly decreased binding to the 95 kDa protein but less to the 120 kDa protein. We conclude that part of HDL binding occurs through the lipid moiety, while another is the result of a specific interaction between apoAI and a membrane protein of 95 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Senault
- Unité INSERM 286, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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Sakr S, Lemoine R, Gaillard C, Delrot S. Effect of cutting on solute uptake by plasma membrane vesicles from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves. Plant Physiol 1993; 103:49-58. [PMID: 8208858 PMCID: PMC158945 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of sucrose, 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MeG), and valine were studied in discs and in purified plasma membrane vesicles (PMV) prepared from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) exporting leaves. The uptake capacities of freshly excised leaf discs were compared with the uptake in discs that had been floated for 12 h on a simple medium (aging) and with discs excised from leaves that had been cut from the plant 12 h before the experiments (cutting). After cutting, sucrose uptake amounted to twice the uptake measured in fresh discs, whereas the uptake of 3-O-MeG and valine remained unaffected. In aged leaf discs, there was a general stimulation of uptake, which represented 400, 300, and 400% of the uptake measured in fresh discs for sucrose, 3-O-MeG, and valine, respectively. Sucrose uptake in fresh discs was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), to p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS), and to mersalyl acid (MA). Although cutting induced the appearance of a sucrose uptake system that is poorly sensitive to NEM but sensitive to PCMBS and MA, aging induced the development of an uptake system that is sensitive to NEM but poorly sensitive to PCMBS and MA. Autoradiographs of discs fed with [14C]sucrose show that cutting resulted in an increase of vein labeling with little effect in the mesophyll, whereas aging induced an increase of labeling located mainly in the mesophyll. The data show that cutting is sufficient to induce dramatic and selective changes in the uptake properties of leaf tissues and that the effects of cutting and aging on the uptake of organic solutes are clearly different. Parallel experiments were run with purified PMV prepared from fresh and cut leaves. The uptake of sugars and amino acids was studied after imposition of an artificial proton motive force (pmf). Comparison of the uptake properties of PMV and of leaf tissues indicate that the recovery of the sucrose uptake system in PMV is better than the recovery of the hexose and of the valine uptake systems. As observed with the leaf discs, cutting induced a 2-fold increase of the initial rate of sucrose uptake in PMV but did not affect the uptake of valine and 3-O-MeG. Cutting induced an increase of both Vmax and Km of the sucrose transport system in PMV. Measurements of the pmf imposed on the vesicles indicated that the increase of sucrose uptake induced by cutting was not due to a better integrity of the vesicles. Hexoses did not compete with sucrose for uptake in PMV from fresh and cut leaves, and maltose was a stronger inhibitor of sucrose uptake in PMV from cut leaves than in PMV from fresh leaves. The sensitivity of sucrose uptake to NEM, PCMBS, and MA in PMV from fresh and cut leaves paralleled that described above for the corresponding leaf discs. These data show that (a) the changes induced by cutting on sucrose uptake by leaf discs are due to membrane phenomena and not to the metabolism of sucrose; (b) the study of sucrose uptake with PMB gives a good account of the physiological situation; and (c) the specific effects induced by cutting on the sucrose uptake system are not lost during the preparation of the PMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakr
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biochimie Végétales, Unité Associée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 574, Université de Poitiers, France
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