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Pal G, Saxena S, Kumar K, Verma A, Kumar D, Shukla P, Pandey A, White J, Verma SK. Seed endophytic bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. (ZM1) from maize (Zea mays L.) shapes its root architecture through modulation of auxin biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 212:108731. [PMID: 38761545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Seed endophytic bacteria have been shown to promote the growth and development of numerous plants. However, the underlying mechanism still needs to be better understood. The present study aims to investigate the role of a seed endophytic bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. (ZM1) in promoting plant growth and shaping the root architecture of maize seedlings. The study explores how bacteria-mediated auxin biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism affect plant growth promotion and shape the root architecture of maize seedlings. The results demonstrate that ZM1 inoculation significantly enhances root length, root biomass, and the number of seminal roots in maize seedlings. Additionally, the treated seedlings exhibit increased shoot biomass and higher levels of photosynthetic pigments. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis revealed extensive colonization of ZM1 on root hairs, as well as in the cortical and stellar regions of the root. Furthermore, LC-MS analysis demonstrated elevated auxin content in the roots of the ZM1 treated maize seedlings compared to the uninoculated control. Inoculation with ZM1 significantly increased the levels of endogenous ammonium content, GS, and GOGAT enzyme activities in the roots of treated maize seedlings compared to the control, indicating enhanced nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, inoculation of bacteria under nitrogen-deficient conditions enhanced plant growth, as evidenced by increased root shoot length, fresh and dry weights, average number of seminal roots, and content of photosynthetic pigments. Transcript analysis indicated upregulation of auxin biosynthetic genes, along with genes involved in nitrogen metabolism at different time points in roots of ZM1-treated maize seedlings. Collectively, our findings highlight the positive impact of Lysinibacillus sp. ZM1 inoculation on maize seeds by improving root architecture through modulation of auxin biosynthesis and affecting various nitrogen metabolism related parameters. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential utilization of seed endophytic bacteria as biofertilizers to enhance plant growth and yield in nutrient deficient soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 276957612, USA.
| | - Samiksha Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kanchan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anand Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pooja Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - James White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Satish K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Pal G, Saxena S, Kumar K, Verma A, Sahu PK, Pandey A, White JF, Verma SK. Endophytic Burkholderia: Multifunctional roles in plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127201. [PMID: 36167006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia has proven potential in improving plant performance. In recent decades, a huge diversity of Burkholderia spp. have been reported with diverse capabilities of plant symbiosis which could be harnessed to enhance plant growth and development. Colonization of endophytic Burkholderia spp. have been extensively studied through techniques like advanced microscopy, fluorescent labelling, PCR based assays, etc., and found to be systemically distributed in plants. Thus, use of these biostimulant microbes holds the promise of improving quality and quantity of crops. The endophytic Burkholderia spp. have been found to support plant functions along with boosting nutrient availability, especially under stress. Endophytic Burkholderia spp. improve plant survival against deadly pathogens via mechanisms like competition, induced systemic resistance, and antibiosis. At the same time, they are reported to extend plant tolerance towards multiple abiotic stresses especially drought, salinity, and cold. Several attempts have been made to decipher the potential of Burkholderia spp. by genome mining, and these bacteria have been found to harbour genes for plant symbiosis and for providing multiple benefits to host plants. Characteristics specific for host recognition and nutrient acquisition were confirmed in endophytic Burkholderia by genomics and proteomics-based studies. This could pave the way for harnessing Burkholderia spp. for biotechnological applications like biotransformation, phytoremediation, insecticidal activity, antimicrobials, etc. All these make Burkholderia spp. a promising microbial agent in improving plant performance under multiple adversities. Thus, the present review highlights critical roles of endophytic Burkholderia spp., their colonization, alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses, biotechnological applications and genomic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Samiksha Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Anand Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Pramod K Sahu
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, UP, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - James F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Satish K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Verma SK, Chen Q, White JF. Evaluation of colonization and mutualistic endophytic symbiosis of Escherichia coli with tomato and Bermuda grass seedlings. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13879. [PMID: 35971430 PMCID: PMC9375544 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is generally considered a bacterium associated with animal microbiomes. However, we present evidence that E. coli may also mutualistically colonize roots of plant species, even to the extent that it may become endophytic in plants. In this study we used GFP tagged E. coli to observe its colonization and effects on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) seedling development and growth. Inoculation with the bacterium significantly improved root development of both seedlings tested. Treatment also increased the photosynthetic pigments in Bermuda grass seedlings. However, effects on shoot length in both seedlings were not significant. This bacterium was found to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) up to 8.68 ± 0.43 µg ml-1 in the broth medium amended with tryptophan. Effects on seedling root growth could, in part, be explained by IAA production. Bacteria successfully colonized the root surfaces and interiors of both seedlings. Tagged bacteria expressing the GFP were observed in the vascular tissues of Bermuda grass seedling roots. Seedlings with bacteria showed greater survival and were healthier than seedlings without bacteria, indicating that E. coli set up a successful mutualistic symbiosis with seedlings. E. coli is not commonly considered to be a plant endophyte but is more generally considered to be a crop contaminant. In this study we show that E. coli may also be an endophyte in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K. Verma
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - James Francis White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Dubey K, Usman K, Chaudhary SC, Sawlani KK, Verma SK, Ali W. Association of Serum Ferritin Levels with Microalbuminuria, Glycemic Control and Dyslipidemia. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35443372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As diabetes is on the rise worldwide, early screening and detection of its complications is crucial. The first clinical sign of renal dysfunction in diabetes is microalbuminuria. Ferritin may have a possible role in the development and prediction of microalbuminuria and other complications of diabetes by 3 possible mechanisms- 1) it is a marker of elevated body iron stores. 2) acts as acute-phase reactant and elevation reflects inflammation 3) Delayed clearance of glycosylated ferritin in patients with diabetes causes raised ferritin levels. In this premise, we studied the association between serum ferritin levels and microalbuminuria, glycemic control and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIAL A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary hospital in northern India involving 152 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height), sample collection for basic laboratory parameters including complete blood count, kidney function tests, liver function tests, HbA1c, lipid profile, serum iron and ferritin levels, urinary albumin- creatinine ratio was done. A fundus examination was performed. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and making comparisons among various groups. Categorical data were summarized as proportions or percentages while discrete as mean. Chi-square test was used for testing associations. OBSERVATION Mean serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients having microalbuminuria as against patients having normal urinary albumin- creatinine ratio (539 vs 292, p-value- 0.04). Patients having poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7) had higher ferritin levels (p-value- 0.024). There was a near-significant association (p-value-0.06) between serum ferritin and triglyceride levels. More cases with raised serum ferritin had higher triglyceride levels. Patients having microalbuminuria had a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (p-value- 0.003) and higher triglyceride levels (p-value- 0.041). CONCLUSION Ferritin can act as a marker of diabetic nephropathy, poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Our study, therefore, indicates that programs to prevent complications of diabetes would be more effective by placing greater emphasis on patients having higher ferritin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dubey
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - K Usman
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | | | | | - S K Verma
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - W Ali
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow
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Sahu PK, Tilgam J, Mishra S, Hamid S, Gupta A, K J, Verma SK, Kharwar RN. Surface sterilization for isolation of endophytes: Ensuring what (not) to grow. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:647-668. [PMID: 35020220 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic microbiota opens a magnificent arena of metabolites that served as a potential source of medicines for treating a variety of ailments and having prospective uses in agriculture, food, cosmetics, and many more. There are umpteen reports of endophytes improving the growth and tolerance of plants. In addition, endophytes from lifesaving drug-producing plants such as Taxus, Nothapodytes, Catharanthus, and so forth have the ability to produce host mimicking compounds. To harness these benefits, it is imperative to isolate the true endophytes, not the surface microflora. The foremost step in endophyte isolation is the removal of epiphytic microbes from plant tissues, called as surface sterilization. The success of surface sterilization decides "what to grow" (the endophytes) and "what not to grow" (the epiphytes). It is very crucial to use an appropriate sterilant solution, concentration, and exposure time to ensure thorough surface disinfection with minimal damage to the endophytic diversity. Commonly used surface sterilants include sodium hypochlorite (2%-10%), ethanol (70%-90%), mercuric chloride (0.1%), formaldehyde (40%), and so forth. In addition, the efficiency could further be improved by pretreatment with surfactants such as Triton X-100, Tween 80, and Tween 20. This review comprehensively deals with the various sterilants and sterilization methods for the isolation of endophytic microbes. In addition, the mechanisms and rationale behind using specific surface sterilants have also been elaborated at length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Sahu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotsana Tilgam
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma Mishra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed-to-be-University), Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saima Hamid
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Amrita Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayalakshmi K
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra N Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar K, Verma A, Pal G, Anubha, White JF, Verma SK. Seed Endophytic Bacteria of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) Promote Seedling Development and Defend Against a Fungal Phytopathogen. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774293. [PMID: 34956137 PMCID: PMC8696672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed endophytic bacteria (SEB) are primary symbionts that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. The present study reports the isolation of seven culturable SEB including Kosakonia cowanii (KAS1), Bacillus subtilis (KAS2), Bacillus tequilensis (KAS3), Pantoea stewartii (KAS4), Paenibacillus dendritiformis (KAS5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KAS6), and Bacillus velezensis (KAS7) in pearl millet seeds. All the isolates were characterized for their plant growth promoting activities. Most of the SEB also inhibited the growth of tested fungal phytopathogens in dual plate culture. Removal of these SEB from seeds compromised the growth and development of seedlings, however, re-inoculation with the SEB (Kosakonia cowanii, Pantoea stewartii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) restored the growth and development of seedlings significantly. Fluorescence microscopy showed inter and intracellular colonization of SEB in root parenchyma and root hair cells. Lipopeptides were extracted from all three Bacillus spp. which showed strong antifungal activity against tested fungal pathogens. Antifungal lipopeptide genes were also screened in Bacillus spp. After lipopeptide treatment, live-dead staining with fluorescence microscopy along with bright-field and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed structural deformation and cell death in Fusarium mycelia and spores. Furthermore, the development of pores in the membrane and leakages of protoplasmic substances from cells and ultimately death of hyphae and spores were also confirmed. In microcosm assays, treatment of seeds with Bacillus subtilis or application of its lipopeptide alone significantly protected seedlings from Fusarium sp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anand Verma
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gaurav Pal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anubha
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - James F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Satish K Verma
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Verma SK, Thirumurugan A, Panda PK, Patel P, Nandi A, Jha E, Prabakaran K, Udayabhaskar R, Mangalaraja RV, Mishra YK, Akbari-Fakhrabadi A, Morel MJ, Suar M, Ahuja R. Altered electrochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles by carbon enhance molecular biocompatibility through discrepant atomic interaction. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100131. [PMID: 34622194 PMCID: PMC8479829 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in nanotechnology seeks exploration of new techniques for improvement in the molecular, chemical, and biological properties of nanoparticles. In this study, carbon modification of octahedral-shaped magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was done using two-step chemical processes with sucrose as a carbon source for improvement in their electrochemical application and higher molecular biocompatibility. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy confirmed the alteration in single-phase octahedral morphology and carbon attachment in Fe3O4 structure. The magnetization saturation and BET surface area for Fe3O4, Fe3O4/C, and α-Fe2O3/C were measured as 90, 86, and 27 emu/g and 16, 56, and 89 m2/g with an average pore size less than 7 nm. Cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies showed the highest specific capacitance of carbon-modified Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 as 213 F/g and 192 F/g. The in vivo biological effect of altered physicochemical properties of Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 was assessed at the cellular and molecular level with embryonic zebrafish. Mechanistic in vivo toxicity analysis showed a reduction in oxidative stress in carbon-modified α-Fe2O3 exposed zebrafish embryos compared to Fe3O4 due to despaired influential atomic interaction with sod1 protein along with significant less morphological abnormalities and apoptosis. The study provided insight into improving the characteristic of MNPs for electrochemical application and higher biological biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Thirumurugan
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicas y Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile
| | - P K Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - A Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - E Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - K Prabakaran
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - R Udayabhaskar
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicas y Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile
| | - R V Mangalaraja
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, 4070409, Chile
- Technological Development Unit (UDT), University of Concepcion, Coronel Industrial Park, Coronel, Chile
| | - Y K Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Denmark
| | - A Akbari-Fakhrabadi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M J Morel
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Científicas y Tecnológicas (IDICTEC), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile
| | - M Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - R Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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Lindsay DS, Verma SK, Dubey JP, Scott D, von Dohlen AR. GAMOGONY OF SARCOCYSTIS STRIXI IN MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURES. J Parasitol 2021; 107:562-565. [PMID: 34283238 DOI: 10.1645/20-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We are interested in the disease ecology of Sarcocystis species that infect birds of prey as definitive and intermediate hosts. The present study was done to test our hypothesis that a laboratory model can be developed for sarcocystis infection in mammals using gamma interferon gene knockout (KO) mice as a source of Sarcocystis strixi bradyzoites and mammalian cell cultures as a source of sporulated S. strixi oocysts. Sporocysts of S. strixi from a naturally infected barred owl (Strix varia) were fed to KO mice to produce sarcocysts, and the enclosed bradyzoites were obtained by acid-pepsin digestion of abdominal and thigh muscles. Bradyzoites, metrocytes, and an unusual spherical stage were seen in digest before the inoculation of host cells. The spherical stages stained dark with Giemsa stain, but no nucleus was observed, and they were seen free and associated with the concave portion of some bradyzoites. Examination of infected cell cultures demonstrated that macrogamonts and microgamonts were present at 24 hr post-inoculation. Since sporulated oocysts were not observed, we had to reject our current hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - S K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg. 1040, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.,Present address: Public Health and Environmental Laboratories, New Jersey Department of Health, Ewing, New Jersey 08628
| | - J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg. 1040, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - David Scott
- Carolina Raptor Center, 6000 Sample Road, Huntersville, North Carolina 28078
| | - Alexa Rosypal von Dohlen
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Johnson C. Smith University, 100 Beatties Ford Rd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28216
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Verma SK, Sahu PK, Kumar K, Pal G, Gond SK, Kharwar RN, White JF. Endophyte roles in nutrient acquisition, root system architecture development and oxidative stress tolerance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2161-2177. [PMID: 33893707 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants associate with communities of microbes (bacteria and fungi) that play critical roles in plant development, nutrient acquisition and oxidative stress tolerance. The major share of plant microbiota is endophytes which inhabit plant tissues and help them in various capacities. In this article, we have reviewed what is presently known with regard to how endophytic microbes interact with plants to modulate root development, branching, root hair formation and their implications in overall plant development. Endophytic microbes link the interactions of plants, rhizospheric microbes and soil to promote nutrient solubilization and further vectoring these nutrients to the plant roots making the soil-plant-microbe continuum. Further, plant roots internalize microbes and oxidatively extract nutrients from microbes in the rhizophagy cycle. The oxidative interactions between endophytes and plants result in the acquisition of nutrients by plants and are also instrumental in oxidative stress tolerance of plants. It is evident that plants actively cultivate microbes internally, on surfaces and in soils to acquire nutrients, modulate development and improve health. Understanding this continuum could be of greater significance in connecting endophytes with the hidden half of the plant that can also be harnessed in applied terms to enhance nutrient acquisition through the development of favourable root system architecture for sustainable production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sahu
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Pal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Gond
- Botany Section, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R N Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Bajpai J, Majumdar A, Satwik R, Rohatgi N, Jain V, Gupta D, Agarwal R, Mittal S, Verma SK, Parikh PM, Aggarwal S. Practical consensus recommendations on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:110-114. [PMID: 29721475 PMCID: PMC5909286 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_113_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Young women diagnosed with cancer today have a greater chance of long-term survival than ever before. Successful survivorship for this group of patients includes maintaining a high quality of life after a cancer diagnosis and treatment; however, lifesaving treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can impact survivors by impairing reproductive and endocrine health. Expert oncologists along with reproductive medicine specialists discuss fertility preservation options in this chapter since fertility preservation is becoming a priority for young women with breast cancer. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bajpai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Majumdar
- Center of IVF and Human Reproduction, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Satwik
- Center of IVF and Human Reproduction, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - N Rohatgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Saket Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V Jain
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, Ludhiana Medicity Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - D Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dharamshila Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Agarwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - S Mittal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Action Balajee Cancer Center, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jolly Grant Himalayan Institute, Dehradoon, Uttarakhand, India
| | - P M Parikh
- Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institutes, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Kharwar RN, Sharma VK, Mishra A, Kumar J, Singh DK, Verma SK, Gond SK, Kumar A, Kaushik N, Revuru B, Kusari S. Harnessing the Phytotherapeutic Treasure Troves of the Ancient Medicinal Plant Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Associated Endophytic Microorganisms. Planta Med 2020; 86:906-940. [PMID: 32126583 DOI: 10.1055/a-1107-9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is an evergreen tree of the tropics and sub-tropics native to the Indian subcontinent with demonstrated ethnomedicinal value and importance in agriculture as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This ancient medicinal tree, often called the "wonder tree", is regarded as a chemical factory of diverse and complex compounds with a plethora of structural scaffolds that is very difficult to mimic by chemical synthesis. Such multifaceted chemical diversity leads to a fantastic repertoire of functional traits, encompassing a wide variety of biological activity and unique modes of action against specific and generalist pathogens and pests. Until now, more than 400 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem including important bioactive secondary metabolites such as azadirachtin, nimbidin, nimbin, nimbolide, gedunin, and many more. In addition to its insecticidal property, the plant is also known for antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antiulcer, antifertility, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anxiolytic, molluscicidal, acaricidal, and antifilarial properties. Notwithstanding the chemical and biological virtuosity of neem, it has also been extensively explored for associated microorganisms, especially a class of mutualists called endophytic microorganisms (or endophytes). More than 30 compounds, including neem "mimetic" compounds, have been reported from endophytes harbored in the neem trees in different ecological niches. In this review, we provide an informative and in-depth overview of the topic that can serve as a point of reference for an understanding of the functions and applications of a medicinal plant such as neem, including associated endophytes, within the overall theme of phytopathology. Our review further exemplifies the already-noted current surge of interest in plant and microbial natural products for implications both within the ecological and clinical settings, for a more secure and sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra N Kharwar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Dheeraj K Singh
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satish K Verma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Botany, Buddha PG College, Kushinagar, India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Bharadwaj Revuru
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Rajagopal TV, Kant S, Verma SK, Kushwaha RAS, Kumar S, Garg R, Srivastava A, Bajaj DK. Aspergillus sensitization in bronchial asthma: A separate phenotype. Allergy Asthma Proc 2020; 41:e26-e32. [PMID: 31888791 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2020.41.190008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory illnesses worldwide, with a global disease burden that affects approximately 300 million individuals. It affects 5-10% of the population in developed countries. India constitutes approximately one-tenth of the global disease burden, where an estimated 7 million children are affected by this illness. Airway hyperresponsiveness or bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma is an exaggerated response to numerous exogenous and endogenous stimuli. In India, the most important endogenous stimuli is considered to be fungal antigens from the genus, Aspergillus. Positive skin reactions to Aspergillus fumigatus among individuals with atopic asthma is 10 to 20%; however, a causal relationship is yet to be established. A separate entity, termed "severe asthma with fungal sensitivity," is often used to describe milder allergic reactions to fungal aeroallergens that has fungal sensitization as the starting point of pathogenesis than allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Methods: A total of 57 patients with bronchial asthma were prospectively enrolled and evaluated for Aspergillus sensitization and its impact on asthma control. Results: Symptoms were well controlled in a majority of patients (57.89%) and partly controlled in 14.04%. Uncontrolled symptoms were observed in only 28.07% of patients. The proportion of patients with uncontrolled symptoms was higher among patients who were sensitized (45.00%) compared with patients who were not sensitized (18.92%). The proportion of patients with well-controlled symptoms was higher in individuals who were not sensitized compared with individuals who were sensitized (62.16% versus 50.00%). Conclusion: The severity of asthma was associated with fungal sensitization, with sensitization to Aspergillus as a part of the pathogenesis. Aspergillus sensitization is significantly associated with bronchiectasis, even in the absence of clinical features.
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Prakash B, Verma SK, Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Paul SS, Kannan A, Mishra S, Singh V, Sankhyan V. Feeding status of free-range scavenging chickens in different agro-climatic regions of India. Br Poult Sci 2019; 61:26-32. [PMID: 31573327 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1671956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status of backyard chickens reared under 4 different agro-climatic conditions (tropical, humid subtropical, cool-temperate and semi-arid) of India during different seasons of the year and to compare their nutritional status with those reared under confined feeding system (CFS). In each season, 15 adult and 15 grower chickens were slaughtered for collecting content of crop and gizzard to assess the nutritional status from different agro-climatic conditions.2. The dry matter content of crop and gizzard was higher (P < 0.01) in chickens reared under backyard conditions compared to those reared under CFS.3. Higher (P < 0.01) crop and gizzard contents were recorded during winter compared to the rainy season. The proportion of grains in the crop during summer and winter season was higher compared to rainy season. Further, there were more insects present in the crop during the rainy season and winter compared to summer.4. The proportion of insects was higher in chickens reared in humid, subtropical and cool temperate regions compared to semi-arid conditions. The consumption of grasses was higher in cool-temperate regions as compared to those reared under other areas.5. Crude protein (CP), Ca, P and gross energy (GE) content of the crop were higher in chickens reared under CFS compared to those reared in backyard systems and CP in the crop contents was lower in backyard chickens reared in humid subtropical and semi-arid regions compared to other areas. Similarly, lower (P < 0.01) Ca levels were seen in crop and gizzard contents from birds reared in semi-arid Rajasthan, and P and GE were lower in tropical wet and dry Telangana (TWT) compared to the chickens reared in the backyard conditions in other regions.6. Based on the results, the nutrient intake for birds utilising the scavenging feed resource base (SFRB) in the TWT region was below the requirements of backyard chickens from the other regions selected in the present study. GE and CP were critically deficient in the SFRB of the TWT region. Therefore, evolving location-specific supplementary diets using locally available feed resources to meet nutrient requirement of backyard chickens is required for optimising production potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prakash
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - S K Verma
- Animal Nutrition, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S V Rama Rao
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - M V L N Raju
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - S S Paul
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Kannan
- Nutrition Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Mishra
- Department of Animal Production, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Singh
- Animal Science Division, ICAR Research complex for NEH region Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, Agartala, India
| | - V Sankhyan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, GCN Veterinary College Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Shukla S, Husain N, Anand N, Kant S, Garg R, Verma SK, Kumar S, Prakash V. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Expression in Adenocarcinoma Lung and Its Association with Histomorphological Features. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_199_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression is frequently associated with adenocarcinoma lung. This study was undertaken with the objectives to assess the expression of TTF-1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with adenocarcinoma phenotype and to evaluate the TTF-1 expression with clinicopathological and histomorphological features. Materials and Methods: This was a tertiary care hospital-based case series that included 250 cases of NSCLC. TTF-1 immunostaining along with a basic panel of immunohistochemistry markers was performed. The histomorphological analysis was done to compare the morphological features of TTF-1-positive versus TTF-1-negative cases. Results: TTF-1 was positive in 144 cases (57.6%), while 106 cases were negative for TTF-1. The M: F ratio in the TTF-1-positive group was 1:2, and the mean age of the cases that expressed TTF-1 was 48.5 years. The most common pattern in the TTF-1-positive group was loose clusters or singly dispersed cells (77.78%), followed by the acinar (54.86%) and solid pattern (42.36%). In the TTF-1-negative group, 86.79% of cases had singly dispersed cells or loose cohesive clusters, followed by a solid pattern in 50.94% cases. Conclusion: TTF-1 is a useful and reliable marker for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. TTF-1 expression does not have any association with the patterns and degree of differentiation evident in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Anand
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Garg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SK Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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White JF, Kingsley KL, Zhang Q, Verma R, Obi N, Dvinskikh S, Elmore MT, Verma SK, Gond SK, Kowalski KP. Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:2558-2565. [PMID: 31228333 PMCID: PMC6771842 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes (mostly bacteria and fungi) present asymptomatically in plants. Endophytic microbes are often functional in that they may carry nutrients from the soil into plants, modulate plant development, increase stress tolerance of plants, suppress virulence in pathogens, increase disease resistance in plants, and suppress development of competitor plant species. Endophytic microbes have been shown to: (i) obtain nutrients in soils and transfer nutrients to plants in the rhizophagy cycle and other nutrient-transfer symbioses; (ii) increase plant growth and development; (iii) reduce oxidative stress of hosts; (iv) protect plants from disease; (v) deter feeding by herbivores; and (vi) suppress growth of competitor plant species. Because of the effective functions of endophytic microbes, we suggest that endophytic microbes may significantly reduce use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides) in the cultivation of crop plants. The loss of endophytic microbes from crop plants during domestication and long-term cultivation could be remedied by transfer of endophytes from wild relatives of crops to crop species. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could reduce the efficiency of the rhizophagy cycle due to repression of reactive oxygen used to extract nutrients from microbes in roots. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F White
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Qiuwei Zhang
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Rajan Verma
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Nkolika Obi
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Sofia Dvinskikh
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Satish K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Surendra K Gond
- Centre of Advanced Study in BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Kurt P Kowalski
- U.S. Geological SurveyGreat Lakes Science CenterClevelandOHUSA
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Shukla V, Bhatnagar A, Singh S, Soni PK, Verma SK, Yadav TP, Shaz MA, Srivastava ON. A dual borohydride (Li and Na borohydride) catalyst/additive together with intermetallic FeTi for the optimization of the hydrogen sorption characteristics of Mg(NH 2) 2/2LiH. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11391-11403. [PMID: 31282909 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02270h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the material tailoring of Mg(NH2)2-2LiH through dual borohydrides: the reactive LiBH4 and the non-reactive NaBH4. Furthermore, a pulverizer, as well as a catalyst FeTi, has been added in order to facilitate hydrogen sorption. Addition of LiBH4 to LiNH2 in a 1 : 3 molar ratio leads to the formation of Li4(BH4)(NH2)3 which also acts as a catalyst. However, the addition of NaBH4 doesn't lead to any compound formation but shows a catalytic effect. The onset dehydrogenation temperature of thermally treated Mg(NH2)2-2LiH/(Li4(BH4)(NH2)3-NaBH4) is 142 °C as against 196 °C for the basic material Mg(NH2)2-2LiH. However, with the FeTi catalyzed Mg(NH2)2-2LiH/(Li4(BH4)(NH2)3-NaBH4, it has been reduced to 120 °C. This is better than other similar amide/hydride composites where it is 149 °C (when the basic material is catalyzed with LiBH4). The FeTi catalyzed Mg(NH2)2-2LiH/(Li4(BH4)(NH2)3-NaBH4 sample shows better de/re-hydrogenation kinetics as it desorbs 3.9 ± 0.04 wt% and absorbs nearly 4.1 ± 0.04 wt% both within 30 min at 170 °C (with the H2 pressure being 0.1 MPa for desorption and 7 MPa for absorption). The eventual hydrogen storage capacity of Mg(NH2)2-2LiH/(Li4(BH4)(NH2)3-NaBH4 together with FeTi has been found to be ∼5.0 wt%. To make the effect of catalysts intelligible, we have put forward in a schematic way the role of Li and Na borohydrides with FeTi for improving the hydrogen sorption properties of Mg(NH2)2-2LiH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Shukla
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Ashish Bhatnagar
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Sweta Singh
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India. and Department of Physics, School of Physical and Material Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Pawan K Soni
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Satish K Verma
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - T P Yadav
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - M A Shaz
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - O N Srivastava
- Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Arora A, Saini SK, Nautiyal V, Verma SK, Gupta M, Kalra BP, Ahmad M. Cancer Pain, Anxiety, and Depression in Admitted Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Palliat Care 2019; 25:562-566. [PMID: 31673213 PMCID: PMC6812432 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Pain is the most common symptom in admitted cancer patients. The association between the severity of cancer pain and distress symptoms such as depression and anxiety is a subject of research. Aims: The aim is to study the prevalence of pain, anxiety, and depression in admitted cancer patients and determine the association between pain and anxiety and depression at a tertiary cancer care institute. Settings and Design: This was prospective observational study. Subjects and Methods: We enrolled 393 cancer inpatients prospectively after written informed consent. Their disease details, presence, severity, and character of pain were recorded. Numerical Pain Scale was used for pain scores, self-reporting Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for anxiety and depression. Statistical Analysis Used: Normal data were analyzed with parametric, nonnormal with nonparametric methods, and categorical with the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of moderate-to-severe pain was 41.5%, anxiety 20.3%, and depression 24.8%. Proportion of patients with anxiety and depression was 9.2% and 17.7% in patients with no pain; about 32.8% and 36.7% with severe pain, respectively (P < 0.000). In patients with no depression 6% had anxiety; with depression 44.9% had anxiety (P < 0.000). Odd's ratio to have anxiety and depression was 4.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0318–9.7024) and 2.92 (95% CI 1.5739–5.4186), respectively, in patients with pain as compared to no pain (P < 0.00). There was a positive correlation between pain, anxiety, and depression scores. Conclusions: There is strong association between the presence and severity of pain and distress symptoms such as anxiety and depression in admitted cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Arora
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil K Saini
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vipul Nautiyal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B P Kalra
- Department of Paediatrics, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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White JF, Kingsley KL, Verma SK, Kowalski KP. Rhizophagy Cycle: An Oxidative Process in Plants for Nutrient Extraction from Symbiotic Microbes. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030095. [PMID: 30227634 PMCID: PMC6164190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a mechanism for the transfer of nutrients from symbiotic microbes (bacteria and fungi) to host plant roots that we term the ‘rhizophagy cycle.’ In the rhizophagy cycle, microbes alternate between a root intracellular endophytic phase and a free-living soil phase. Microbes acquire soil nutrients in the free-living soil phase; nutrients are extracted through exposure to host-produced reactive oxygen in the intracellular endophytic phase. We conducted experiments on several seed-vectored microbes in several host species. We found that initially the symbiotic microbes grow on the rhizoplane in the exudate zone adjacent the root meristem. Microbes enter root tip meristem cells—locating within the periplasmic spaces between cell wall and plasma membrane. In the periplasmic spaces of root cells, microbes convert to wall-less protoplast forms. As root cells mature, microbes continue to be subjected to reactive oxygen (superoxide) produced by NADPH oxidases (NOX) on the root cell plasma membranes. Reactive oxygen degrades some of the intracellular microbes, also likely inducing electrolyte leakage from microbes—effectively extracting nutrients from microbes. Surviving bacteria in root epidermal cells trigger root hair elongation and as hairs elongate bacteria exit at the hair tips, reforming cell walls and cell shapes as microbes emerge into the rhizosphere where they may obtain additional nutrients. Precisely what nutrients are transferred through rhizophagy or how important this process is for nutrient acquisition is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Kingsley
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Satish K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Kurt P Kowalski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2807, USA.
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Verma SK, White JF. Indigenous endophytic seed bacteria promote seedling development and defend against fungal disease in browntop millet (Urochloa ramosa L.). J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:764-778. [PMID: 29253319 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to investigate indigenous seed endophyte effects on browntop millet seedling development. We report that seed-inhabiting bacterial endophytes are responsible for promoting seedling development, including stimulation of root hair formation, increasing root and shoot length growth and increasing photosynthetic pigment content of seedlings. Bacterial endophytes also improved resistance of seedlings to disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of four endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized seeds and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Curtobacterium sp. (M1), Microbacterium sp. (M2), Methylobacterium sp. (M3) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (M4). Removal of bacteria with streptomycin treatment from the seeds compromised seedling growth and development. When endophytes were reinoculated onto seeds, seedlings recovered normal development. Strains M3 and M4 were found to be most potent in promoting growth of seedlings. Bacteria were found to produce auxin, solubilize phosphate and inhibit fungal pathogens. Significant protection of seedlings from Fusarium infection was found using strain M4 in microcosm assays. The antifungal lipopeptide genes for surfactin and iturin were detected in M4; culture extracts of M4 showed a positive drop collapse result for surfactins. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that browntop millet seeds vector indigenous endophytes that are responsible for modulation of seedling development and protection of seedlings from fungal disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is significant and original in that it is the first report of seed-inhabiting endophytes of browntop millet that influence seedling development and function in defence against soilborne pathogens. This study suggests that conservation and management of seed-vectored endophytes may be important in development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Mankotia DS, Sawarkar DP, Singh PK, Kumar A, Verma SK, Chandra PS, Kale SS. Rare Case of Cerebrospinal Fluid Proctorrhea Caused by Anterior Sacral Meningocele with Rectothecal Fistula. World Neurosurg 2018; 114:323-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Soren S, Kumar S, Mishra S, Jena PK, Verma SK, Parhi P. Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous and polyol method. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:145-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gupta A, Verma SK, Sharma R, Parakh N, Ramakrishnan S, Roy A, Singh S, Sharma G, Karthikeyan G, Naik N, Yadav R, Mishra S, Seth S, Narang R, Goswami KC, Bhargava B, Bahl VK. Clinical and angiographic profiles and six months outcomes of smokers with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:680-684. [PMID: 30392506 PMCID: PMC6205248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) in smokers are expected to be better than non-smokers as for patients of acute STEMI with or without fibrinolytic therapy. Objectives This comparative study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI in smokers and non-smokers. Clinical and angiographic profile of the two groups was also compared. Methods Over duration of two year, a total of 150 consecutive patients of acute STEMI eligible for primary PCI were enrolled and constituted the two groups [Smokers (n = 90), Non-smokers (n = 60)] of the study population. There was no difference in procedure in two groups. Results In the present study of acute STEMI, current smokers were about a decade younger than non-smokers (p value = 0.0002), majority were male (98.9% vs 56.6%) were male with a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (61.67% vs 32.28% and 46.67% vs 14.44%, p = 0.001) respectively. Smokers tended to have higher thrombus burden (p = 0.06) but less multi vessel disease (p = 0.028). Thirty day and six month mortality was non-significantly higher in smokers 4.66% vs 1.33% (p = 0.261) and 5.33% vs 2.66% (p = NS) respectively. Rate of quitting smoking among smokers was 80.90% at 6 months. Conclusion The study documents that smokers with acute STEMI have similar outcomes as compared to non smokers with higher thrombus burden and lesser non culprit artery involvement. Smokers present at much younger age emphasizing the role of smoking cessation for prevention of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Senior Resident, Department of cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S K Verma
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - R Sharma
- Senior Resident, Department of cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - N Parakh
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - A Roy
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Singh
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - G Sharma
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - G Karthikeyan
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - N Naik
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - R Yadav
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Mishra
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Seth
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - R Narang
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - K C Goswami
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - B Bhargava
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - V K Bahl
- 7th Floor, Department of Cardiology, CTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tandon
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh PK, Verma SK, Garg M, Sawarkar DP, Kumar A, Agrawal D, Chandra SP, Kale SS, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK. Evaluation of Correction of Radiologic Parameters (Angulation and Displacement) and Accuracy of C2 Pedicle Screw Placement in Unstable Hangman's Fracture with Intraoperative Computed Tomography–Based Navigation. World Neurosurg 2017; 107:795-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Verma SK, von Dohlen AR, Mowery JD, Scott D, Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Rosenthal BM, Dubey JP, Lindsay DS. Sarcocystis strixi n. sp. from a Barred Owl ( Strix varia) Definitive Host and Interferon Gamma Gene Knockout Mice as Experimental Intermediate Host. J Parasitol 2017; 103:768-777. [PMID: 28783438 DOI: 10.1645/16-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a new species of Sarcocystis with a barred owl ( Strix varia) as the natural definitive host and interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice as an experimental intermediate host. A barred owl submitted to the Carolina Raptor Center, Huntersville, North Carolina, was euthanized because of paralysis. Fully sporulated 12.5 × 9.9 μm sporocysts were found in intestinal scrapings from the owl. Sporocysts from the barred owl were orally fed to 4 laboratory-reared outbred Swiss Webster (SW) ( Mus musculus) and 8 KO mice. All mice remained asymptomatic. Microscopic sarcocysts were found in all 5 KO mice euthanized on day 32, 59, 120, 154, and 206 post-inoculation (PI), not in KO mice euthanized on day 4, 8, and 14 PI. Sarcocysts were not found in any SW mice euthanized on day 72, 120, 206, and 210 PI. Sarcocysts were microscopic, up to 70 μm wide. By light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall < 2 μm thick had undulating, flat to conical, protrusions of varying dimensions. Numerous sarcocysts were seen in the histological sections of tongue and skeletal muscles from the abdomen, limbs, and eye but not in the heart. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was "type 1j." The ground substance layer (gs) was homogenous, up to 2 μm thick, with very fine granules, and a few vesicles concentrated toward the villar projections. No microtubules were seen in the gs. Longitudinally cut bradyzoites at 206 days PI were 7.8 × 2.2 μm. Based on molecular characterization using 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and cox1 genes and morphology of sarcocysts, the parasite in the present study was biologically and structurally different from species so far described, and we therefore propose a new species name, Sarcocystis strixi n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- * United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | | | | | | | - C K Cerqueira-Cézar
- * United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - B M Rosenthal
- * United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - J P Dubey
- * United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
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Verma SK, Garg K, Tandon V, Kumari K, Sharma MC, Kale SS, Sharma BS. Pediatric cemento-ossifying fibroma of the orbital roof: Rare pathology at a rare location. Neurol India 2017; 65:902-903. [PMID: 28681781 DOI: 10.4103/neuroindia.ni_793_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivek Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Verma SK, von Dohlen AR, Mowery JD, Scott D, Rosenthal BM, Dubey JP, Lindsay DS. Sarcocystis jamaicensis n. sp., from Red-Tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) Definitive Host and IFN-γ Gene Knockout Mice as Experimental Intermediate Host. J Parasitol 2017. [PMID: 28644743 DOI: 10.1645/17-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new species of Sarcocystis with red-tailed hawk (RTH, Buteo jamaicensis) as the natural definitive host and IFN-γ gene knockout (KO) mice as an experimental intermediate host in which sarcocysts form in muscle. Two RTHs submitted to the Carolina Raptor Center, Huntersville, North Carolina, were euthanized because they could not be rehabilitated and released. Fully sporulated 12.5 × 9.9-μm sized sporocysts were found in intestinal scrapings of both hawks. Sporocysts were orally fed to laboratory-reared outbred Swiss Webster mice (SW, Mus musculus) and also to KO mice. The sporocysts were infective for KO mice but not for SW mice. All SW mice remained asymptomatic, and neither schizonts nor sarcocysts were found in any SW mice euthanized on days 54, 77, 103 (n = 2) or 137 post-inoculation (PI). The KO mice developed neurological signs and were necropsied between 52 to 68 days PI. Schizonts/merozoites were found in all KO mice euthanized on days 52, 55 (n = 3), 59, 61 (n = 2), 66, and 68 PI and they were confined to the brain. The predominant lesion was meningoencephalitis characterized by perivascular cuffs, granulomas, and necrosis of the neural tissue. The schizonts/merozoites were located in neural tissue and were apparently extravascular. Brain homogenates from infected KO mice were infective to KO mice by subcutaneous inoculation and when seeded on to CV-1 cells. Microscopic sarcocysts were found in skeletal muscles of 5 of 8 KO mice euthanized between 55-61 days PI. Only a few sarcocysts were detected. Sarcocysts were microscopic, up to 3.5 mm long. When viewed with light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall appeared thin (<1 μm thick) and smooth. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall classified as "type 1j" (new designation). Molecular characterization using 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-1, and cox1 genes revealed a close relationship with Sarcocystis microti and Sarcocystis glareoli; both species infect birds as definitive hosts. The parasite in the present study was biologically and molecularly different from species so far described in RTHs and we therefore propose a new species name, Sarcocystis jamaicensis n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - A Rosypal von Dohlen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - J D Mowery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - D Scott
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - B M Rosenthal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - D S Lindsay
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
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Sharma VK, Kumar J, Singh DK, Mishra A, Verma SK, Gond SK, Kumar A, Singh N, Kharwar RN. Induction of Cryptic and Bioactive Metabolites through Natural Dietary Components in an Endophytic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1126. [PMID: 28674526 PMCID: PMC5474492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape skin and turmeric extracts having the major components resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, were used for the induction of cryptic and bioactive metabolites in an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Syzygium cumini. The increase in total amount of crude compounds in grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures was 272.48 and 174.32%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Among six human pathogenic bacteria tested, the maximum inhibitory activity was found against Aeromonas hydrophila IMS/GN11 while no inhibitory activity was observed against Enterococcus faecalis IMS/GN7. The crude compounds derived from turmeric extract treated cultures showed the highest DPPH free radicals scavenging activity (86.46% inhibition) followed by compounds from grape skin treated cultures (11.80% inhibition) and the control cultures (1.92% inhibition). Both the treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude metabolites compared to the control. HPLC profiling of crude compounds derived from grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures revealed the presence of additional 20 and 14 cryptic compounds, respectively, compared to the control. These findings advocate the future use of such dietary components in induced production of cryptic and bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K. Sharma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Dheeraj K. Singh
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Satish K. Verma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Surendra K. Gond
- Botany Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Botany, Buddha PG CollegeKushinagar, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India,*Correspondence: Ravindra N. Kharwar,
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Singh DK, Sharma VK, Kumar J, Mishra A, Verma SK, Sieber TN, Kharwar RN. Diversity of endophytic mycobiota of tropical tree Tectona grandis Linn.f.: Spatiotemporal and tissue type effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3745. [PMID: 28623306 PMCID: PMC5473821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes were isolated from leaf, bark and stem of Tectona grandis Linn.f. sampled at four geographical locations in winter, summer and monsoon seasons. The recovered 5089 isolates were assigned to 45 distinct morphotypes based on morphology. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nrDNA of some morphotypes were identical, but morphological differences were strong enough to consider these morphotypes as separate species. Forty-three morphotypes were assigned to ascomycotina and two to basidiomycotina. Ascomycotina was the predominating group with 99.7% of total isolates followed by basidiomycotina with only 0.3% of total isolates. Diaporthe (Phomopsis) species dominated the communities independently on tissue type, location or season. More than 60% of the examined tissue pieces were colonized by members of this species complex. While these endophytes are ubiquitous others were tissue or location specific. Tissue type had the strongest effect on the species evenness of the endophytic assemblage followed by geographical location and season. However, Shannon-Wiener index (H') significantly (p ≤ 0.001) varied with all three factors i.e. season, location and tissue type. Leaves supported the highest diversity across all the seasons and locations. In conclusion, all the three factors together determined the structure of endophytic mycobiota assemblage of T. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj K Singh
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Satish K Verma
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Thomas N Sieber
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Forest Pathology and Dendrology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ravindra N Kharwar
- Mycopathology and Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Verma SK, Lindsay DS, Mowery JD, Rosenthal BM, Dubey JP. Sarcocystis pantherophisi n. sp., from Eastern Rat Snakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) as Definitive Hosts and Interferon Gamma Gene Knockout Mice as Experimental Intermediate Hosts. J Parasitol 2017; 103:547-554. [PMID: 28617656 DOI: 10.1645/17-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new species, Sarcocystis pantherophisi n. sp., with the Eastern rat snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) as natural definitive host and the interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mouse as the experimental intermediate host. Sporocysts (n = 15) from intestinal contents of the snake were 10.8 × 8.9 μm. Sporocysts were orally infective to KO mice but not to laboratory-raised albino outbred house mice (Mus musculus). The interferon gamma KO mice developed schizont-associated neurological signs, and schizonts were cultivated in vitro from the brain. Mature sarcocysts were found in skeletal muscles of KO mice examined 41 days postinoculation (PI). Sarcocysts were slender, up to 70 μm wide and up to 3.5 mm long. By light microscopy, sarcocysts appeared thin-walled (<1 μm) without projections. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was a variant of "type 1" (type 1i, new designation). The parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm) had approximately 100-nm-wide × 100-nm-long bleb-like evaginations interspersed with 100-nm-wide × 650-nm-long elongated protrusions at irregular distances, and invaginations into the ground substance layer (gs) for a very short distance (6 nm). The gs was smooth, up to 500 nm thick, without tubules, and contained a few vesicles. Longitudinally cut bradyzoites at 54 days PI were banana-shaped, 7.8 × 2.2 μm (n = 5). Molecular characterization using 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-1, and cox1 genes indicated a close relationship with other Sarcocystis parasites that have snake-rodent life cycles. The parasite in the present study was molecularly and biologically similar to a previously reported isolate (designated earlier as Sarcocystis sp. ex Pantherophis alleghaniensis) from P. alleghaniensis, and it was structurally different from other Sarcocystis species so far described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - D S Lindsay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - J D Mowery
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - B M Rosenthal
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - J P Dubey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
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Verma SK, Srivastava A, Nagaraju K, Mishra AK, Goel MM. Coexistence of hard palate carcinoma with tuberculosis: A rarity. J Cancer Res Ther 2017; 13:142-144. [PMID: 28508849 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.174538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and palatal malignancy is a rare phenomenon and it has never been reported. Here, we present a case of hard palate carcinoma with TB in a 60-year-old male patient who was successfully managed by three pronged approaches by combining antitubercular therapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karthik Nagaraju
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M M Goel
- Department of Pathology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
More than 200 valid Sarcocystis species have been described in the parasitological literature. The developmental life cycle in the intermediate host and definitive host has only been described for a few species. Sarcocystis parasites are common pathogens infecting a wide range of animals, including humans, and this unit reviews the methods used for isolating infective stages of the parasite from both definitive and intermediate host(s), as well as methods used to initiate cultures from sporocysts and merozoites and for cryopreservation of various Sarcocystis spp. These methods are based on published reports and our experience with Sarcocystis species in cell culture over many years. The information presented is suitable for the efficient culture of many Sarcocystis species; however, some minor modifications may be needed based on the unique developmental patterns of some species. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - D S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - M E Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Allergy, and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
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Verma SK, Kingsley K, Irizarry I, Bergen M, Kharwar RN, White JF. Seed-vectored endophytic bacteria modulate development of rice seedlings. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1680-1691. [PMID: 28375579 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the removal of indigenous bacteria from rice seeds on seedling growth and development. Here we report the presence of three indigenous endophytic bacteria in rice seeds that play important roles in modulating seedling development (shoot and root lengths, and formation of root hairs and secondary roots) and defence against pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Seed-associated bacteria were removed using surface sterilization with NaOCl (bleach) followed by antibiotic treatment. When bacteria were absent, growth of seedlings in terms of root hair development and overall seedling size was less than that of seedlings that contained bacteria. Reactive oxygen staining of seedlings showed that endophytic bacteria became intracellular in root parenchyma cells and root hairs. Roots containing endophytic bacteria were seen to stain densely for reactive oxygen, while roots free of bacteria stained lightly for reactive oxygen. Bacteria were isolated and identified as Enterobacter asburiae (VWB1), Pantoea dispersa (VWB2) and Pseudomonas putida (VWB3) by 16S rDNA sequencing. Bacteria were found to produce indole acetic acid (auxins), inhibited the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum and solubilized phosphate. Reinoculation of bacteria onto seedlings derived from surface-disinfected rice and Bermuda grass seeds significantly restored seedling growth and development. CONCLUSION Rice seeds harbour indigenous bacterial endophytes that greatly influence seedling growth and development, including root and shoot lengths, root hair formation and disease susceptibility of rice seedlings. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that seeds of rice naturally harbour bacterial endophytes that play key roles in modulation of seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - K Kingsley
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - I Irizarry
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M Bergen
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - R N Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - J F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Tiwana MS, Ni LH, Saini S, Verma SK, Doddamani D, Jain N, Biswas M, Gupta M, Gupta M, Saini M, Chauhan N. Radiation therapy outcomes in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer: A single institution experience. Indian J Cancer 2017; 53:143-6. [PMID: 27146766 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.180842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To audit the survival outcomes and loco-regional control in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 2008 through December 2011, 50 consecutively diagnosed muscle invasive urinary bladder carcinoma (T2-4a N0-2, M0) patients were included in this retrospective study. All these patients received external beam RT to a median dose of 60 Gy (range 30-66 Gy), and were not suitable for radical surgery due to patients' preference or medical comorbidities. A stepwise procedure using proportional hazard regression was used to identify prognostic factors with respect to survival. RESULTS Completion trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor was done in 38 (76%) patients of the cohort and 47 (94%) had transitional cell carcinoma on histopathology. Clinical stage T2 was diagnosed in 40 (80%) patients. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 14 ± 8.9 months (range 1-36 months). In conclusion, 24 patients (48%) were free of disease, 5 patients (10%) had residual disease, and 13 patients (26%) had died of disease. Two-year and 3 year overall survival of intact bladder for the entire cohort was 58% and 43.6%, respectively. Cox regression modeling strongly suggested clinical stage (P = 0.01) and RT dose (P = 0.001) as being predictors for overall survival. CONCLUSION RT shows reliable outcomes and excellent compliance in this advanced disease. Prescribing a higher RT dose could potentially correlate to better intact bladder control rates while maintaining good quality of life in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L H Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, STM Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
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Singh S, Verma SK, Kumar S, Ahmad MK, Nischal A, Singh SK, Dixit RK. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:130-137. [PMID: 28256060 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition involving the airways and characterized by airflow limitation. Gaseous and noxious particles play an important role in this process. Antioxidants are the substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules known as free radicals. The increased oxidative stress in patients with COPD is the result of an increased burden of inhaled oxidants, as well as increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by various inflammatory, immune and epithelial cells of the airways. A total of 150 subjects with COPD and 100 healthy controls subjects were enrolled in this study from the period October 2015 to January 2016. The investigation included measurements of plasma superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione content (GSH) reduced form, (GPx) glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Absorbance was measured by UV spectrophotometer. The estimated values of SOD, catalase, GPx, GSH and GR were found to be significantly (P = 0.0001) lower among the cases compared with controls. But, the levels of MDA were higher (P = 0.0001) in cases as compared to control group and there was significant difference in the oxidative stress parameters among the various stages of COPD. The post hoc analysis revealed that SOD was significantly (P < 0.01) lower among the mild, moderate and severe patients compared with very severe patients. The catalase was also observed to be significantly (P = 0.01) lower among mild, moderate and severe patients than very severe patients. The GPx was found to be significantly (P = 0.002) lower among the mild, moderate and severe patients compared with very severe patients. MDA was observed to be significantly higher in mild, moderate and severe patients compared with very severe (P = 0.001). GR was significantly (P = 0.003) lower among mild, moderate and severe patients than very severe patients. However, there was no significant difference in GSH among severity of COPD patients. This study suggests that oxidant and antioxidant imbalance plays an important role in various stages of severity of COPD. These results revealed the presence of an oxidative stress in subjects with COPD, and it is proportionate to the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Nischal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dhasmana R, Prakash A, Gupta N, Verma SK. Ocular manifestations in leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders and their association with hematological parameters. Ann Afr Med 2017; 15:97-103. [PMID: 27549412 PMCID: PMC5402809 DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.188887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the ocular manifestations in patients diagnosed with leukemia or myeloproliferative disorders and to derive an association between the ocular manifestations and hematological parameters of the patients. Materials and Methods: This observational and descriptive study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Center of Dehradun, North India over a period of 1 year. All the diagnosed cases of leukemia and myeloproliferative diseases attending the Oncology Department were included. Patients underwent a detailed ocular examination. The hematological parameters were also recorded including hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count (TLC), and platelet count. Results: The study included 102 patients out of which, there were 66 males (64.7%), and 36 were females (35.3%) with an age range of 5–80 years. A total of forty patients showed ocular manifestations (39.3%). Extraocular manifestations were seen in 10.8% patients while intraocular manifestations were noted in 45.1% patients of acute leukemia and 7.7% patients of chronic leukemia. These ocular manifestations showed a significant association with low Hb (P = 0.000), raised TLC (P = 0.004), and low platelet count (P = 0.000). The most common ocular manifestation was intraretinal hemorrhages followed by roth spots. Among acute myeloid leukemia patients (23.5%), the presence of intraretinal hemorrhages was significantly associated with low Hb (Mann–Whitney U-test = 25.000, P = 0.007). The patients of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (25.4%) showed significant association between intraretinal hemorrhages and low platelet count (Mann–Whitney U-test = 44.000, P = 0.046) and roth spots with low Hb (Mann–Whitney U-test = 11.000, P = 0.000). Ocular manifestations were more commonly seen in acute leukemias as compared to chronic leukemias. Conclusion: Ocular examination is recommended in all leukemic patients as ocular manifestations may go unnoticed, most patients being asymptomatic and could be an early sign of worsening of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Dhasmana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Prakash
- Department of Ophthalmology, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neeti Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Medicine, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Dubey JP, A'aiz NN, Mowery JD, Verma SK, Calero-Bernal R. Identification of Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis cameli from One-Humped Camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) in Iraq. J Parasitol 2017; 103:168-169. [PMID: 28121491 DOI: 10.1645/16-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable confusion concerning the identity of macroscopic Sarcocystis species in camels. Currently 2 species, Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni, are recognized from 1-humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius ), and sarcocysts of both species are microscopic. Here, we report the identity of macroscopic sarcocysts from the C. dromedarius in Iraq as S. cameli. Five sarcocysts from the muscle of 2 adult camels collected in 1999 and stored in 10% formalin were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sarcocysts were 1.5-5.0 mm long and 200-400 μm wide. By TEM, all 5 sarcocysts had thin sarcocyst walls. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall had "type 9j" villar protrusions similar to those of S. cameli. This is the first confirmation of macroscopic sarcocysts from 1-humped camel as S. cameli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - N N A'aiz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - J D Mowery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - S K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
| | - R Calero-Bernal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350
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Abstract
Conventional designs of above knee prostheses do not permit squatting and sitting cross-legged (SCL) on the floor. These postures are commonly adopted in India and other Afro-Asian countries. A new prosthesis design permitting these postures has been evolved. Further, a modular system has been prepared to fit into a number of different leg sizes. As a result of the new technology, the ankle remains fixed in normal walking and automatically flexes during squatting. Also for SCL, the thigh rotation is automatic. Thus, no hand manipulations are needed and the movements, both going down and arising are similar to normal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Chaudhry
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
| | - S K Guha
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Artificial Limbs and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Verma SK, Kumar S, Deb P, Yadav KK. Rare case of radiologically distinct but pathologically admixed vestibular schwannoma and meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle: A case report. J Cancer Res Ther 2016; 11:1029. [PMID: 26881608 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.154027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Primary intracranial tumors generally occur as solitary tumors. The association of two primary intracranial tumors of different histogenesis in the same individual is rare, except in cases of phakomatoses or radiation-induced tumors. Meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are one of the commonest tumors occurring intracranially. VS account for 80% of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors, with meningiomas being the second most common tumor of the CPA. The occurrence of both a schwannoma and a meningioma in the CPA is rare. We report a case with coexistent CPA meningioma and VS, which were distinct radiologically on preoperative imaging, however had admixed areas of VS and meningioma on histopathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K K Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Wanworie, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Kumar R, Garg R, Kant S, Verma SK, Kushwaha RAS, Kumar S, Jain A. High correlation of clinical criteria in the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB and prevalence of ofloxacin resistance. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 20:1354-1357. [PMID: 27725047 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the drug resistance profile of patients with suspected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective study conducted among patients with suspected MDR-TB attending the Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India, from August 2014 to April 2015. Sputum samples obtained from 50 such patients were subjected to drug susceptibility testing against first- and second-line drugs. Data on baseline characteristics were obtained from the patients and their previous medical records. RESULTS Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 47/50 (94%) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in 3/50 (6%). Of the 47 patients with M. tuberculosis, 36 (76.6%) had MDR-TB: 24 (66.7%) of these had pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and 4 (11.1%) had XDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS Among proven MDR-TB cases, approximately two thirds were pre-XDR-TB cases and more than 10% were XDR-TB cases. These form a sizeable proportion and may result in the failure of second-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R Garg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - S Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R A S Kushwaha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - A Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Dubey JP, Calero-Bernal R, Verma SK, Mowery JD. Pathology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural findings associated with neurological sarcocystosis in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2016; 223:147-52. [PMID: 27198793 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraffin-embedded blocks of brain of a nine months old bull calf that died of neurological signs in 1982 in Germany were restudied. Numerous schizonts and merozoites were found associated with extensive but focal necrosis and severe meningoencephalitis. Developing stages of schizonts as well as free merozoites were identified. The schizonts were primarily in perivascular areas. Ultrastructurally, schizonts were seen both in capillaries and in extravascular space. Merozoites were often concentrated in adventitial layers of capillaries. Schizonts divided by endopolygeny, the nucleus became multi-lobed, and at the terminal stage nuclear lobes were incorporated into budding merozoites. Individual merozoites were seen in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, leukocytes, and vascular endothelial cells. Occasionally merozoites were present in the nucleus of mononuclear cells. Individual merozoites were ovoid, 3-5×2-3μm in size, and contained a prominent nucleus, numerous micronemes, a conoid, but no rhoptries. Schizonts and merozoites did not react to polyclonal rabbit Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis neurona antibodies but did react to Sarcocystis cruzi antibodies. Because of morphological characteristics and the type of lesions, the parasite was likely due to an unidentified Sarcocystis species, different from S. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA.
| | - R Calero-Bernal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - S K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - J D Mowery
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 12, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Mishra A, Singh A, Kumar S, Kumar M, Kant S, Verma SK, Kushwaha RAS, Garg R. Correlation between clinical characteristics, spirometric indices and high resolution computed tomography findings in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung India 2016; 33:42-8. [PMID: 26933306 PMCID: PMC4748664 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.173064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airways, leading to significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. There is a need to have a holistic evaluation of COPD patients, other than just measuring the level of obstruction as performed by spirometry. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of thorax partly fulfills this requirement. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients of COPD (confirmed on spirometry as per the GOLD guidelines 2014 guidelines) were enrolled, out of which 35 patients got a HRCT done. Complete clinical evaluation was done. The Philips computer program for lung densitometry was used with these limits (−800/−1, 024 Hounsfield unit [HU]) to calculate densities, after validating densitometry values with phantoms. We established the area with a free hand drawing of the region of interest, then we established limits (in HUs) and the computer program calculated the attenuation as mean lung density (MLD) of the lower and upper lobes. Results: There was a significant correlation between smoking index and anteroposterior tracheal diameter (P = 0.036). Tracheal index was found to be decreasing with increasing disease severity which was statistically significant (P = 0.037). Mean upper lobe MLD was −839.27 HU, mean lower lobe MLD was −834.91 HU and the mean MLD was −837.08 HU. The lower lobes MLD were found to be decreasing with increasing disease severity. A mild linear correlation of pre forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was observed with lower lobe and total average MLD while a mild linear correlation of Post-FEV1 was observed with both coronal (P = 0.042) and sagittal (P = 0.001) lower lobes MLD. In addition, there was a linear correlation between both pre (P = 0.050) and post (P = 0.024) FEV1/forced vital capacity with sagittal lower lobe MLD. A predictive model can be derived to quantify obstruction severity (FEV1). Conclusion: HRCT may be an important additional tool in the holistic evaluation of COPD. HRCT can well be correlated with the spirometric and clinical features and the level of obstruction can be indirectly derived from it by measuring the MLD.
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Verma SK. Transtracheal Oxygen Therapy and Bronchial Toileting using Minitracheostomy in Patients with Advanced Respiratory Failure. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2016; 58:45-47. [PMID: 28393513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the high oxygen demands and bronchial hygiene of critically ill patients with advanced respiratory failure is often difficult. We describe three such cases with advanced respiratory failure where a modification of conventional transtracheal oxygenation was used successfully. This method provided the added advantage of being more cost-effective and helping in easy bronchial toileting.
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Verma SK, Gond SK. Biofabrication of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Silver Nanoparticles (Agnps) by an Endophytic Fungus Pestalotia Sp. Isolated from Madhuca Longifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4172/2324-8777.1000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kumar A, Kumar M, Verma SK, Alvi PA, Jasrotia DS. Single crystal growth, x-ray structure analysis, optical band gap, raman spectra, strain tensor and photoluminscence properties in [HgCl 4] - [R] + and [ZnCl 4]- [R]+ (R= 2-amino-5- chloropyridine) hybrid materials. J Fundam and Appl Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v7i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dewan E, Biswas D, Kakati B, Verma SK, Kotwal A, Oberoi A. Epidemiological and mycological characteristics of candidemia in patients with hematological malignancies attending a tertiary-care center in India. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2015; 8:99-105. [PMID: 26173033 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We undertook the present study to ascertain the contributing risk factors and explore the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of opportunistic candidemia among patients with hematological malignancies. DESIGN AND SETTINGS Observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with hematological malignancies reporting to the collaborating medical and pediatric units with a febrile episode were recruited and screened for candidemia by blood culture. Recovered Candida isolates were speciated and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline (CLSI) guidelines M44-A. Further analysis was done for potential risk factors and compared between culture positive and negative patients. RESULTS Of 150 patients recruited, the majority (n=27) were between 51 and 60 years and the male to female ratio was 1.63:1. Fifteen patients (10%) were culture positive. The culture positivity was significantly higher in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) than in non-ALL patients (p=0.03). There was significant association of candidaemia with leucopenia, chemotherapeutic drugs, corticosteroids and presence of indwelling devices. Duration of disease (p=0.032) and duration of hospitalization (p=0.003) were significantly prolonged in culture positive patients. C. tropicalis was the commonest isolate (46.67%), with non- Candida albicans outnumbering C. albicans in all categories of hematological malignancies (2.75:1). All isolates of C. albicans were uniformly sensitive to all the azoles, but only 50% were sensitive to amphotericin B and none to nystatin and flucytosine. CONCLUSIONS This observational study identifies ALL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as the forms of hematological malignancy predominantly associated with candidemia; specifies risk factors and chemotherapeutic agents predisposing patients towards its occurrence; reports a preponderance of C. tropicalis among the causative agents and finds voriconazole to be the most effective antifungal agent against the recovered isolates. This information could assist in tailoring prophylactic and therapeutic antifungal practices for this infection, according to local epidemiological and mycological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshani Dewan
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Debasis Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Barnali Kakati
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aarti Kotwal
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aroma Oberoi
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Verma SK, Kumar M, Mishra AK. Co-existence of Carcinoma Tongue with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2015; 57:185-186. [PMID: 26749919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 45-year-old male diagnosed to have carcinoma base of tongue, whose chest radiograph showed bilateral lung infiltrates and was referred for evaluation of suspected pulmonary metastases. Diagnostic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Prasad R, Srivastava AN, Verma SK. Clinico-pathological Profile of Bronchogenic Carcinoma Among Females in North India. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2015; 57:161-163. [PMID: 26749914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to explore the clinico-pathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma among females. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four female patients with histopathologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma who were hospitalised in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow from July 1985 to February 2007 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS Their mean age was 61 years; 12.9% of these were less than 40 years of age. Of these, 79% of female patients of lung cancer were first regarded as pulmonary tuberculosis; 76% belonged to rural area. Use of biomass fuel and kerosene oil exposure was the predominant risk factors evident among the 116 non-smoker women. Adenocarcinoma was observed in 43.5%, followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 33.1% and the remaining 23.4% cases were small cell carcinoma. The majority (77.4%) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients had advanced stage disease (I]Ib and IV) and 58% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients had limited disease and 42% of SCLC patients had extensive disease at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION Adenocarcinoma was found to be the most common histopathological type of bronchogenic carcinoma among these females.
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Friji MT, Gopalakrishnan S, Verma SK, Parida PK, Mohapatra DP. New regenerative approach to atrophic rhinitis using autologous lipoaspirate transfer and platelet-rich plasma in five patients: Our Experience. Clin Otolaryngol 2015; 39:289-92. [PMID: 24938860 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M T Friji
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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Verma SK, Calero-Bernal R, Lovallo MJ, Sweeny AR, Grigg ME, Dubey JP. Detection of Sarcocystis spp. infection in bobcats (Lynx rufus). Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:422-6. [PMID: 26138150 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of severe clinical disease of horses (called equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, EPM), marine mammals, companion animals, and several species of wildlife animals in the Americas. The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is its definitive host in the USA and other animals act as intermediate or aberrant hosts. Samples of tongue and heart from 35 bobcats hunted for fur and food from Mississippi State, USA in February, 2014 were used for the present study. Muscles were examined for Sarcocystis infection by microscopic examination of either unfixed muscle squash preparations or pepsin digests, by histopathology of fixed samples, and by molecular methods. Sarcocystis-like bradyzoites were found in digests of 14 hearts and 10 tongues of 35 bobcats. In histological sections, sarcocysts were found in 26 of 35 bobcats; all appeared relatively thin-walled similar to S. felis sarcocysts under light microscope at 1000× magnification. S. neurona-like sarcocysts having thickened villar tips were seen in unstained muscle squash of tongue of two bobcats and PCR-DNA sequencing identified them definitively as S. neurona-like parasites. DNA extracted from bradyzoites obtained from tongue and heart muscle digests was analyzed by PCR-DNA sequencing at the ITS1 locus. Results indicated the presence of S. neurona-like parasite in 26 of 35 samples. ITS1 sequences identical to S. dasypi were identified in 3 bobcats, 2 of which were also co-infected with S. neurona-like parasite. The high prevalence of sarcocysts in bobcat tissues suggested an efficient sylvatic cycle of Sarcocystis spp. in the remote regions of Mississippi State with the bobcat as a relevant intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Verma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - R Calero-Bernal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - M J Lovallo
- Game Mammals Section, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
| | - A R Sweeny
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M E Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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