1
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Pandey S, Wisniewski R, Morjaria S, Bianchi AL, Newman T, Tan C, Rosa WE, Finlayson CS. Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Use at the End-Of-Life Among Hospitalized Cancer Patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024; 41:8-15. [PMID: 36812451 PMCID: PMC10442462 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobials are frequently administered at end-of-life (EOL) and their non-beneficial use may subject patients to unnecessary harms. Studies analyzing factors for antimicrobial prescribing in solid tumor cancer patients at the EOL are lacking. Thus, we aimed to identify factors and patterns associated with antimicrobial use in hospitalized adults with cancer at EOL. Methods: We used a retrospective cohort design to review electronic medical records of terminal hospitalized patients ≥18 years with solid tumors admitted to non-intensive care units in a metropolitan comprehensive cancer center during 2019 and assessed antimicrobial use in the last 7 days of life. Results: Among 633 cancer patients, 59% (n = 376) received antimicrobials (AM+) within the last 7 days of life. AM + patients were older (P = .012), mostly of male gender (55%), and non-Hispanic ethnicity (87%). AM + patients were significantly more likely to have a foreign device, suspected signs of infection, neutropenia, positive blood culture result, documented advance directive; receive laboratory or radiologic testing, and a palliative care or infectious disease consultation (all P < .05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the presence of documented goals of care discussions, or EOL discussions/EOL care orders. Conclusion: Antimicrobial use at the EOL is common in solid tumor cancer patients at the EOL and is associated with increased utilization of invasive interventions. There is an opportunity for infectious disease specialists to build primary palliative care skills and partner with antimicrobial stewardship programs to better advise patients, decision makers, and primary teams on the use of antimicrobials at the EOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Pandey
- Supportive Care Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renee Wisniewski
- Supportive Care Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anabella Lucca Bianchi
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Employee Health & Wellness Services, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffanny Newman
- Department of Strategy and Innovation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carrie Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William E. Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Zhang AW, Morjaria S, Kaltsas A, Hohl TM, Parameswaran R, Patel D, Zhou W, Predmore J, Perez-Johnston R, Jee J, Daniyan AF, Perales MA, Taur Y. The Effect of Neutropenia and Filgrastim (G-CSF) on Cancer Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:567-574. [PMID: 34111237 PMCID: PMC8406899 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenia is commonly encountered in cancer patients. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim), a cytokine that initiates proliferation and differentiation of mature granulocytes, is widely given to oncology patients to counteract neutropenia, reducing susceptibility to infection. However, the clinical impact of neutropenia and G-CSF use in cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. METHODS An observational cohort of 379 actively treated cancer patients with COVID-19 was assembled to investigate links between concurrent neutropenia and G-CSF administration on COVID-19-associated respiratory failure and death. These factors were encoded as time-dependent predictors in an extended Cox model, controlling for age and underlying cancer diagnosis. To determine whether the degree of granulocyte response to G-CSF affected outcomes, the degree of response to G-CSF, based on rise in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 24 hours after growth factor administration, was also incorporated into a similar Cox model. RESULTS In the setting of active COVID-19 infection, outpatient receipt of G-CSF led to an increased number of hospitalizations (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-10.0, P value: .017). Furthermore, among inpatients, G-CSF administration was associated with increased need for high levels of oxygen supplementation and death (HR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.19-10.2, P value: .024). This effect was predominantly seen in patients that exhibited a high response to G-CSF based on their ANC increase post-G-CSF administration (HR: 7.78, 95% CI: 2.05-27.9, P value: .004). CONCLUSIONS The potential risks versus benefits of G-CSF administration should be considered in neutropenic cancer patients with COVID-19, because G-CSF administration may lead to worsening clinical and respiratory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Zhang
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Rekha Parameswaran
- Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Patel
- Department of Quality and Safety, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Operation Excellence, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Practice Provider Department, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Jacqueline Predmore
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocio Perez-Johnston
- Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Jee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony F Daniyan
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cellular Therapeutics Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of
Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New
York, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New
York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical
College, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Kozak KE, Ouyang L, Derkach A, Sherman A, McCall SJ, Famulare C, Chervin J, Daley RJ, Morjaria S, Mauro MJ, Rampal RK. Serum antibody response in patients with philadelphia-chromosome positive or negative myeloproliferative neoplasms following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Leukemia 2021; 35:3578-3580. [PMID: 34741117 PMCID: PMC8569492 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Kozak
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Ouyang
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Sherman
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan J McCall
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Famulare
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Chervin
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan J Daley
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Mauro
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Raajit K Rampal
- Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Kothari P, Sauerhaft T, Bouvier N, Rodriguez-Sanchez MI, Shia J, Price A, Morjaria S, Gerstle JT, Shukla NN, Ortiz MV. Identification of a TP53 Deletion in an Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver Provides Clinically Relevant Longitudinal Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.21.00102. [PMID: 34527851 PMCID: PMC8437221 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kothari
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Talia Sauerhaft
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nancy Bouvier
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anita Price
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Theodore Gerstle
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Neerav N Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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5
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Morjaria S, Nouvini R, Sirintrapun SJ. Strategic Thinking in Test Selection for Mass SARS-CoV-2 Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:1688-1693. [PMID: 34165509 PMCID: PMC8344554 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY
| | - Rosa Nouvini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY
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6
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Navlakha S, Morjaria S, Perez-Johnston R, Zhang A, Taur Y. Projecting COVID-19 disease severity in cancer patients using purposefully-designed machine learning. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:391. [PMID: 33941093 PMCID: PMC8092998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately predicting outcomes for cancer patients with COVID-19 has been clinically challenging. Numerous clinical variables have been retrospectively associated with disease severity, but the predictive value of these variables, and how multiple variables interact to increase risk, remains unclear. METHODS We used machine learning algorithms to predict COVID-19 severity in 348 cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. Using only clinical variables collected on or before a patient's COVID-19 positive date (time zero), we sought to classify patients into one of three possible future outcomes: Severe-early (the patient required high levels of oxygen support within 3 days of being tested positive for COVID-19), Severe-late (the patient required high levels of oxygen after 3 days), and Non-severe (the patient never required oxygen support). RESULTS Our algorithm classified patients into these classes with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) ranging from 70 to 85%, significantly outperforming prior methods and univariate analyses. Critically, classification accuracy is highest when using a potpourri of clinical variables - including basic patient information, pre-existing diagnoses, laboratory and radiological work, and underlying cancer type - suggesting that COVID-19 in cancer patients comes with numerous, combinatorial risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we provide a computational tool that can identify high-risk patients early in their disease progression, which could aid in clinical decision-making and selecting treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Navlakha
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rocio Perez-Johnston
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen Zhang
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Morjaria S, Inumerables F, Patel D, Cohen N, Seo S, Posthumus S, Martin SC, Kaltsas A, Lee S, Boucher N, Fischer-Cartlidge E. Penicillin Allergy Testing: An Outpatient Nurse-Driven Program for Patients With Cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2021; 25:143-150. [PMID: 33739344 DOI: 10.1188/21.cjon.143-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicillin allergy testing (PAT) can decrease the use of unnecessary antibiotics by clarifying who is truly allergic. OBJECTIVES This article describes the development and implementation of an oncology outpatient nurse-driven PAT program. METHODS A nurse-driven program, initiated with allergy screening at the first encounter, was designed to identify patients with oncologic diagnoses eligible for PAT. Once verified eligible, patients undergo a three-step testing process (scratch test, intradermal injection, and IV challenge dose) administered by the infusion nurse. FINDINGS From November 2018 to December 2019, 82 outpatients with reported penicillin allergies were screened; 90% were eligible for PAT, and 97% of patients tested were negative for penicillin allergy. A significant reduction in aztreonam use among patients admitted for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was also noted as compared to before PAT was offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Seo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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8
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Schluter J, Peled JU, Taylor BP, Markey KA, Smith M, Taur Y, Niehus R, Staffas A, Dai A, Fontana E, Amoretti LA, Wright RJ, Morjaria S, Fenelus M, Pessin MS, Chao NJ, Lew M, Bohannon L, Bush A, Sung AD, Hohl TM, Perales MA, van den Brink MRM, Xavier JB. The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans. Nature 2020; 588:303-307. [PMID: 33239790 PMCID: PMC7725892 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences development1-3 and homeostasis4-7 of the mammalian immune system, and is associated with human inflammatory8 and immune diseases9,10 as well as responses to immunotherapy11-14. Nevertheless, our understanding of how gut bacteria modulate the immune system remains limited, particularly in humans, where the difficulty of direct experimentation makes inference challenging. Here we study hundreds of hospitalized-and closely monitored-patients with cancer receiving haematopoietic cell transplantation as they recover from chemotherapy and stem-cell engraftment. This aggressive treatment causes large shifts in both circulatory immune cell and microbiota populations, enabling the relationships between the two to be studied simultaneously. Analysis of observed daily changes in circulating neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts and more than 10,000 longitudinal microbiota samples revealed consistent associations between gut bacteria and immune cell dynamics. High-resolution clinical metadata and Bayesian inference allowed us to compare the effects of bacterial genera in relation to those of immunomodulatory medications, revealing a considerable influence of the gut microbiota-together and over time-on systemic immune cell dynamics. Our analysis establishes and quantifies the link between the gut microbiota and the human immune system, with implications for microbiota-driven modulation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schluter
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradford P Taylor
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate A Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody Smith
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rene Niehus
- Harvard University, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Staffas
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anqi Dai
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi A Amoretti
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta J Wright
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maly Fenelus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa S Pessin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Meagan Lew
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Bohannon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy Bush
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony D Sung
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Morjaria S, Zhang AW, Kim S, Peled JU, Becattini S, Littmann ER, Pamer EG, Abt MC, Perales MA. Monocyte Reconstitution and Gut Microbiota Composition after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Hematol Int 2020; 2:156-164. [PMID: 34595456 PMCID: PMC8432405 DOI: 10.2991/chi.k.201108.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes are an essential cellular component of the innate immune system that support the host's effectiveness to combat a range of infectious pathogens. Hemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) results in transient monocyte depletion, but the factors that regulate recovery of monocyte populations are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with the recovery of monocyte homeostasis after HCT. METHODS We performed a single-center, prospective, pilot study of 18 recipients of either autologous or allogeneic HCT. Serial blood and stool samples were collected from each patient during their HCT hospitalization. Analysis of the gut microbiota was done using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize the phenotypic composition of monocyte populations. RESULTS Dynamic fluctuations in monocyte reconstitution occurred after HCT, and large differences were observed in monocyte frequency among patients over time. Recovery of absolute monocyte counts and subsets showed significant variability across the heterogeneous transplant types and conditioning intensities; no relationship to the microbiota composition was observed in this small cohort. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, a relationship between the microbiota composition and monocyte homeostasis could not be firmly established. However, we identify multivariate associations between clinical factors and monocyte reconstitution post-HCT. Our findings encourage further longitudinal surveillance of the intestinal microbiome and its link to immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen W. Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sohn Kim
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan U. Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Becattini
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric R. Littmann
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric. G. Pamer
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program and Infectious Disease Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Lucielle Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C. Abt
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Sauter JL, Baine MK, Butnor KJ, Buonocore DJ, Chang JC, Jungbluth AA, Szabolcs MJ, Morjaria S, Mount SL, Rekhtman N, Selbs E, Sheng ZM, Xiao Y, Kleiner DE, Pittaluga S, Taubenberger JK, Rapkiewicz AV, Travis WD. Insights into pathogenesis of fatal COVID-19 pneumonia from histopathology with immunohistochemical and viral RNA studies. Histopathology 2020; 77:915-925. [PMID: 32614086 PMCID: PMC7361244 DOI: 10.1111/his.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction We describe post‐mortem pulmonary histopathologic findings of COVID‐19 pneumonia in patients with a spectrum of disease course, from rapid demise to prolonged hospitalisation. Methods and results Histopathologic findings in post‐mortem lung tissue from eight patients who died from COVID‐19 pneumonia were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) were performed to detect virus. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was seen in all cases with a spectrum of acute phase and/or organising phase. IHC with monoclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 viral nucleoprotein and spike protein detected virus in areas of acute but not organising DAD, with intracellular viral antigen and RNA expression seen predominantly in patients with duration of illness less than 10 days. Major vascular findings included thrombi in medium‐ and large‐calibre vessels, platelet microthrombi detected by CD61 IHC and fibrin microthrombi. Conclusions Presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA by NGS early in the disease course and expression of viral antigen by IHC exclusively in the acute, but not in the organising phase of DAD, suggests that the virus may play a major role in initiating the acute lung injury of DAD, but when DAD progresses to the organising phase the virus may have been cleared from the lung by the patient's immune response. These findings suggest the possibility of a major change during the disease course of COVID‐19 pneumonia that may have therapeutic implications. Frequent thrombi and microthrombi may also present potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Sauter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina K Baine
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly J Butnor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Darren J Buonocore
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason C Chang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias J Szabolcs
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon L Mount
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Selbs
- Department of Pathology, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Zong-Mei Sheng
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongli Xiao
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy V Rapkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Morjaria S, Frame J, Franco-Garcia A, Geyer A, Kamboj M, Babady NE. Clinical Performance of (1,3) Beta-D Glucan for the Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) in Cancer Patients Tested With PCP Polymerase Chain Reaction. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:1303-1309. [PMID: 30561560 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum (1,3)-beta-D glucan (BDG) is increasingly used to guide the management of suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). BDG lacks specificity for PCP, and its clinical performance in high-risk cancer patients has not been fully assessed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for PCP detection is highly sensitive, but cannot differentiate between colonization and infection. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of serum BDG in conjunction with PCP PCR on respiratory samples in patients with cancer and unexplained lung infiltrates. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients evaluated for PCP at our institution from 2012 to 2015, using serum BDG and PCP PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the serum BDG at different thresholds were evaluated using PCP PCR alone or in conjunction with clinical presentation in PCP PCR-positive patients. RESULTS With PCP PCR alone as the reference method, BDG (≥80 pg/mL) had a sensitivity of 69.8%, specificity of 81.2%, PPV of 34.6%, and NPV of 95.2% for PCP. At ≥200 pg/mL in patients with a positive PCR and a compatible PCP clinical syndrome, BDG had a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 52.0% for PCP. CONCLUSIONS Patients negative by both BDG and PCR were unlikely to have PCP. In patients with a compatible clinical syndrome for PCP, higher BDG values (>200 pg/mL) were consistently associated with clinically-significant PCP infections among PCP PCR-positive oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - John Frame
- Department of Quality and Safety, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Franco-Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Geyer
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Pulmonary Service, Department of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - N Esther Babady
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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12
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Chung HH, Morjaria S, Frame J, Riley M, Zhang AW, Martin SC, Bhatia A, Fenelus M, Fallah F, Inumerables F, Goss C. Rethinking the need for a platelet transfusion threshold of
50 × 10
9
/L
for lumbar puncture in cancer patients. Transfusion 2020; 60:2243-2249. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Chung
- Hospital Medicine Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - John Frame
- Department of Quality and Safety Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Michael Riley
- Department of Hospital Administration Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Allen W. Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Steven C. Martin
- Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Ankush Bhatia
- Department of Neurology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Maly Fenelus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Famatta Fallah
- Department of Nursing Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | | | - Cheryl Goss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
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13
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Morjaria S, Zhang A, Kaltsas Md A, Parameswaran R, Patel D, Zhou W, Predmore J, Perez Johnston R, Jee J, Perales M, Daniyan A, Taur Y, Mailankody S. The Effect of Neutropenia and Filgrastim (G-CSF) in Cancer Patients With COVID-19 Infection. medRxiv 2020:2020.08.13.20174565. [PMID: 32817981 PMCID: PMC7430626 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenia is commonly encountered in cancer patients, and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) is widely given to oncology patients to counteract neutropenia and prevent infection. G-CSF is both a growth factor and cytokine that initiates proliferation and differentiation of mature granulocytes. However, the clinical impact of neutropenia and G-CSF use in cancer patients, who are also afflicted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains unknown. METHODS An observational cohort of 304 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was assembled to investigate links between concurrent neutropenia (N=55) and G-CSF administration (N=16) on COVID-19-associated respiratory failure and death. These factors were assessed as time-dependent predictors using an extended Cox model, controlling for age and underlying cancer diagnosis. To determine whether the degree of granulocyte response to G-CSF affected outcomes, a similar model was constructed with patients that received G-CSF, categorized into high- and low-response, based on the level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) rise 24 hours after growth factor administration. RESULTS Neutropenia (ANC < 1 K/mcL) during COVID-19 course was not independently associated with severe respiratory failure or death (HR: 0.71, 95% Cl: 0.34-1.50, P value: 0.367) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. When controlling for neutropenia, G-CSF administration was associated with increased need for high oxygen supplementation and death (HR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.06-8.28, P value: 0.038). This effect was predominantly seen in patients that exhibited a high response to G-CSF based on their ANC increase post-G-CSF administration (HR: 5.18, 95% CI: 1.61-16.64, P value: 0.006). CONCLUSION Possible risks versus benefits of G-CSF administration should be weighed in neutropenic cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, as G-CSF may lead to worsening clinical and respiratory status in this setting.
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14
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Nawar T, Morjaria S, Kaltsas A, Patel D, Perez‐Johnston R, Daniyan AF, Mailankody S, Parameswaran R. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in COVID-19: Is it stimulating more than just the bone marrow? Am J Hematol 2020; 95:E210-E213. [PMID: 32419212 PMCID: PMC7276914 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Nawar
- Infectious Disease, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Disease, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Patel
- Department of Quality and SafetyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
| | - Rocio Perez‐Johnston
- Department of RadiologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
| | - Anthony F. Daniyan
- Leukemia Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma ServiceMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
| | - Rekha Parameswaran
- Hematology Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA
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15
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Morjaria S, Chapin KC. Who to Test, When, and for What: Why Diagnostic Stewardship in Infectious Diseases Matters. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:1109-1113. [PMID: 32623114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New rapid molecular diagnostic technologies for infectious diseases provide faster diagnostic test results and, if used correctly, will enable more rapid delivery of care to patients. This perspective piece outlines how this new technology can be used more effectively-with a focus on collaborative team approaches and tools clinicians and laboratorians can use to optimally affect patient care. This article also showcases a patient case, outlining problems with the diagnostic process as it currently stands, and poses potential strategies on how this process may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberle C Chapin
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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16
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Robilotti EV, Babady NE, Mead PA, Rolling T, Perez-Johnston R, Bernardes M, Bogler Y, Caldararo M, Figueroa CJ, Glickman MS, Joanow A, Kaltsas A, Lee YJ, Lucca A, Mariano A, Morjaria S, Nawar T, Papanicolaou GA, Predmore J, Redelman-Sidi G, Schmidt E, Seo SK, Sepkowitz K, Shah MK, Wolchok JD, Hohl TM, Taur Y, Kamboj M. Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer. Nat Med 2020; 26:1218-1223. [PMID: 32581323 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As of 10 April 2020, New York State had 180,458 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and 9,385 reported deaths. Patients with cancer comprised 8.4% of deceased individuals1. Population-based studies from China and Italy suggested a higher coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death rate in patients with cancer2,3, although there is a knowledge gap as to which aspects of cancer and its treatment confer risk of severe COVID-194. This information is critical to balance the competing safety considerations of reducing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and cancer treatment continuation. From 10 March to 7 April 2020, 423 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 were diagnosed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (from a total of 2,035 patients with cancer tested). Of these, 40% were hospitalized for COVID-19, 20% developed severe respiratory illness (including 9% who required mechanical ventilation) and 12% died within 30 d. Age older than 65 years and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were predictors for hospitalization and severe disease, whereas receipt of chemotherapy and major surgery were not. Overall, COVID-19 in patients with cancer is marked by substantial rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes. The association observed between ICI and COVID-19 outcomes in our study will need further interrogation in tumor-specific cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Robilotti
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Infection Control, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Esther Babady
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Mead
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thierry Rolling
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rocio Perez-Johnston
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marilia Bernardes
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yael Bogler
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Caldararo
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cesar J Figueroa
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Glickman
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Joanow
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeon Joo Lee
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anabella Lucca
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Employee Health and Wellness Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Mariano
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Nawar
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Genovefa A Papanicolaou
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Predmore
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Schmidt
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan K Seo
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kent Sepkowitz
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monika K Shah
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Ludwig Center and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Infection Control, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Taur Y, Coyte K, Schluter J, Robilotti E, Figueroa C, Gjonbalaj M, Littmann ER, Ling L, Miller L, Gyaltshen Y, Fontana E, Morjaria S, Gyurkocza B, Perales MA, Castro-Malaspina H, Tamari R, Ponce D, Koehne G, Barker J, Jakubowski A, Papadopoulos E, Dahi P, Sauter C, Shaffer B, Young JW, Peled J, Meagher RC, Jenq RR, van den Brink MRM, Giralt SA, Pamer EG, Xavier JB. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous fecal microbiota transplant. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/460/eaap9489. [PMID: 30257956 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap9489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment can deplete the commensal bacteria of a patient's gut microbiota and, paradoxically, increase their risk of subsequent infections. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), antibiotic administration is essential for optimal clinical outcomes but significantly disrupts intestinal microbiota diversity, leading to loss of many beneficial microbes. Although gut microbiota diversity loss during allo-HSCT is associated with increased mortality, approaches to reestablish depleted commensal bacteria have yet to be developed. We have initiated a randomized, controlled clinical trial of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (auto-FMT) versus no intervention and have analyzed the intestinal microbiota profiles of 25 allo-HSCT patients (14 who received auto-FMT treatment and 11 control patients who did not). Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition revealed that the auto-FMT intervention boosted microbial diversity and reestablished the intestinal microbiota composition that the patient had before antibiotic treatment and allo-HSCT. These results demonstrate the potential for fecal sample banking and posttreatment remediation of a patient's gut microbiota after microbiota-depleting antibiotic treatment during allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Taur
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katharine Coyte
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonas Schluter
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Cesar Figueroa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Eric R Littmann
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lilan Ling
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Liza Miller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yangtsho Gyaltshen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roni Tamari
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doris Ponce
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guenther Koehne
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juliet Barker
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ann Jakubowski
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Parastoo Dahi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Craig Sauter
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian Shaffer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James W Young
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan Peled
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Robert R Jenq
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sergio A Giralt
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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18
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Seo SK, Gedrimaite Z, Paskovaty A, Seier K, Morjaria S, Cohen N, Riedel E, Tang YW, Babady NE. Impact of QuickFISH in addition to antimicrobial stewardship on vancomycin use and resource utilization in cancer patients with coagulase-negative staphylococcal blood cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1339.e7-1339.e12. [PMID: 29549061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of rapidly identifying coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from positive blood cultures combined with an established antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programme at a tertiary cancer centre. METHODS We compared cancer patients ≥18 years old who between 01/1/13 and 12/31/13 had one or more positive CoNS blood culture(s) identified by Staphylococcus QuickFISH® (a peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization assay) with cancer patients ≥18 years old who had CoNS identified by standard microbiological techniques between 01/01/11 and 12/31/11 (baseline). Positive blood culture results were reported to the clinician by microbiology staff; restricted antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin) required approval by the AS team. RESULTS There were 196 baseline and 103 QuickFISH patients. Faster median time to organism identification (33 (IQR 27-46) versus 49 (IQR 39-63) hours, p < 0.001), more vancomycin avoidance (51/103 (50%) versus 60/196 (31%), p 0.002), shorter median antibiotic duration (1 (IQR 0-3) versus 2 (IQR 0-6) days, p 0.019), fewer central venous catheter (CVC) removals (14/78 (18%) versus 57/160 (36%), p 0.004), and reduced vancomycin level monitoring (16/52 (31%) versus 71/136 (52%), p 0.009) were observed in the QuickFISH group. QuickFISH implementation was predictive of a lower likelihood of antibiotic therapy prescription (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.20-0.62, p < 0.001). Prior transplant (RR 1.47, 95%CI 1.13-1.92, p 0.004), neutropenia (RR 1.47, 95%CI 1.09-1.99, p 0.012), multiple positive blood cultures (RR 4.23, 95%CI 3.23-5.54, p < 0.001), and CVC (RR 1.60, 95%CI 1.02-2.53, p 0.043) were independent factors for antibiotic duration. CONCLUSIONS QuickFISH implementation plus AS support leads to greater avoidance of vancomycin therapy and improved resource utilization in cancer patients with CoNS blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Seo
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Z Gedrimaite
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Paskovaty
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Seier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Cohen
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Riedel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y W Tang
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - N E Babady
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Romero FA, Powell EA, Babady NE, Kaltsas A, Figueroa CJ, Pulitzer M, Mehrara BJ, Glickman MS, Morjaria S. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Silicone Breast Implant Reconstruction Emphasize a Diversity of Infecting Mycobacteria. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx189. [PMID: 29308399 PMCID: PMC5751029 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsurgical skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are uncommon, indolent, difficult to treat, and often mimic pyogenic bacterial infections. Here we present 3 cases of NTM infections following placement of silicone implants for reconstructive breast surgery. These cases emphasize the importance of a high index of suspicion for NTM in patients with SSI after a prosthetic reconstruction refractory to conventional antibiotic therapy and the importance of early investigation with mycobacterial-specific diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Romero
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eleanor A Powell
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - N Esther Babady
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cesar J Figueroa
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael S Glickman
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sejal Morjaria
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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20
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Morjaria S, Epstein DJ, Romero FA, Taur Y, Seo SK, Papanicolaou GA, Hatzoglou V, Rosenblum M, Perales MA, Scordo M, Kaltsas A. Toxoplasma Encephalitis in Atypical Hosts at an Academic Cancer Center. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw070. [PMID: 27096140 PMCID: PMC4834739 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma encephalitis is a well recognized complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, solid organ transplantation, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, patients with hematologic malignancies not treated with allogeneic HSCT may also develop this condition, which requires high clinical suspicion and consideration for prophylactic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Epstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine , New York University School of Medicine
| | | | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine; Departments ofMedicine
| | - Susan K Seo
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine; Departments ofMedicine
| | | | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology; Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | | | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Departments ofMedicine
| | - Michael Scordo
- Bone Marrow Transplant Service , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine; Departments ofMedicine
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21
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Morjaria S, Arguello E, Taur Y, Sepkowitz K, Hatzoglou V, Nemade A, Rosenblum M, Cavalcanti MS, Palomba ML, Kaltsas A. West Nile Virus Central Nervous System Infection in Patients Treated With Rituximab: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis, With a Review of Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv136. [PMID: 26576450 PMCID: PMC4643542 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of West Nile virus (WNV) infection continues to be elucidated. Many cases of WNV are asymptomatic; however, in immunocompromised patients, symptoms are more likely to be severe. We describe fatal WNV central nervous system disease in lymphoma patients who received rituximab, blunting the inflammatory response and complicating diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Ajay Nemade
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology
| | | | | | - M Lia Palomba
- Immunology and Medicine , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Anna Kaltsas
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine
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22
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Harris B, Morjaria S, Eric L, Giralt S, Stover D, Taur Y, Eric P. Pulmonary Complications Following Allogeneic-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation at a High-Volume, Academic Transplant Center. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1994464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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23
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Taur Y, Jenq RR, Perales MA, Littmann ER, Morjaria S, Ling L, No D, Gobourne A, Viale A, Dahi PB, Ponce DM, Barker JN, Giralt S, van den Brink M, Pamer EG. The effects of intestinal tract bacterial diversity on mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2014. [PMID: 24939656 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-554725.the] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly diverse bacterial populations inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and modulate host inflammation and promote immune tolerance. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the gastrointestinal mucosa is damaged, and colonizing bacteria are impacted, leading to an impaired intestinal microbiota with reduced diversity. We examined the impact of intestinal diversity on subsequent mortality outcomes following transplantation. Fecal specimens were collected from 80 recipients of allo-HSCT at the time of stem cell engraftment. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were characterized, and microbial diversity was estimated using the inverse Simpson index. Subjects were classified into high, intermediate, and low diversity groups and assessed for differences in outcomes. Mortality outcomes were significantly worse in patients with lower intestinal diversity; overall survival at 3 years was 36%, 60%, and 67% for low, intermediate, and high diversity groups, respectively (P = .019, log-rank test). Low diversity showed a strong effect on mortality after multivariate adjustment for other clinical predictors (transplant related mortality: adjusted hazard ratio, 5.25; P = .014). In conclusion, the diversity of the intestinal microbiota at engraftment is an independent predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT recipients. These results indicate that the intestinal microbiota may be an important factor in the success or failure in allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | | | | | - Lilan Ling
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel No
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Asia Gobourne
- Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Parastoo B Dahi
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Doris M Ponce
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Juliet N Barker
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Marcel van den Brink
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Lucille Castori Center for Microbes, Inflammation and Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY
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Lougee E, Morjaria S, Shaw O, Collins R, Vaughan R. A new approach to HLA typing designed for solid organ transplantation: epityping and its application to the HLA-A locus. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 40:445-52. [PMID: 23586471 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HLA-specific antibodies bind discrete clusters of amino acids called epitopes, but serological assignment of antibody specificities makes no reference to this. As HLA typing for solid organ transplantation is provided at only medium (serologically equivalent) resolution, this means that recipient HLA antibodies to donor HLA epitopes may not be identified. We have designed a novel and rapid HLA-A epitope typing method (epityping) using a two-stage PCR-SSP-based method to detect the HLA-A locus epitopes described by El Awar et al. 2007, Transplantation, 84, 532. The initial PCR step utilizes HLA-A locus-specific primers; the product is cleaned using the QIAquick Spin Purification procedure. The purified product is tested using our in-house epitope-specific primer panel, the results being visualized using gel electrophoresis. Twenty two UCLA DNA Exchange samples were epityped, blinded to the HLA type. Of the 75 primer pairs, the mean correlation coefficient was 0.95 with each sample giving 67 or more correct primer results. In all cases, it was possible to derive the first field classic HLA type from the epityping results. These results indicate that a method for identification of HLA epitopes which is comparable in time, cost and technical expertise to current HLA typing methods is achievable. Redesigning HLA typing to correlate with what the antibody binds should minimize inappropriate organ allocation. We suggest that epityping provides a more effective method than standard HLA typing for solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lougee
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, GSTS Pathology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis has been associated with the development of massive pulmonary arterial (PA) dilatation. Over time, this dilatation may distort surrounding structures and lead to compression of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) or the left mainstem bronchus. In this report, we describe a patient with a history of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and congenital pulmonic stenosis with massive PA dilatation. He develops exertional chest pain, presenting an unusual differential diagnosis. Novel diagnostic testing was performed to help narrow the differential diagnosis, and the patient responded well to pulmonary vasodilator treatment for progressive pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Morjaria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Morjaria S, Deleuze-Masquefa C, Lafont V, Gayraud S, Bompart J, Bonnet PA, Dornand J. Impairment of TNF-alpha production and action by imidazo[1,2- alpha] quinoxalines, a derivative family which displays potential anti-inflammatory properties. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:525-38. [PMID: 17026837 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we analysed the synthesis and properties of a series of imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines designed in our laboratory as possible imiquimod analogues. We found that these imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines were in fact potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 enzymes (PDE4). PDE4 inhibition normally results in an increase in intracellular cAMP which, in PBMC, induces the suppression of TNF-alpha mRNA transcription and thus cytokine synthesis. Such an effect is antagonistic to that of imiquimod. Furthermore, some TNF-alpha-induced activity, such as cell apoptosis which is dependent on the intracellular cAMP levels might also be affected. Therefore, by counteracting the properties of TNF-alpha and/or its production, the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines could be considered as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study was performed to confirm or refute this hypothesis. For this, we characterized the effects of imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines both on TNF-alpha activity and synthesis in regard to their ability to act as inhibitors of PDE4 (IPDE4). We found that the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines dose-dependently prevented the TNF-alpha-triggered death of L929 cells, with the 8-series (-NHCH3 in R4) being the most potent. Moreover, when the effect of the 8-series on TNF-alpha production was investigated using gamma9delta2 T cells, it was observed that these compounds impaired the TCR:CD3-triggered TNF-alpha production. Structure-activity analysis revealed that these properties of the drugs did not coincide with their IPDE4 properties. This prompted further exploration into other signalling mechanisms possibly involved in TNF-alpha action and production, notably the p38 MAPK and the PI3K pathway. We demonstrate here that the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines targeted these pathways in a different way: they activated the p38 MAPK pathway whilst inhibiting the PI3K pathway. Such effects on cell signalling could account for the imidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoxalines effects on 1) action and 2) production of TNF-alpha, which define these drugs as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morjaria
- INSERM U431, University of Montpellier, France
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